Promoting Systematic Integration, Highlighting Key Points, and Achieving Practical Results in Reform

The "three greater emphases" [1]1 The "three greater emphases" refer to the three emphases proposed in the Resolution: greater emphasis on systematic integration, greater emphasis on highlighting key points, and greater emphasis on practical results in reform. highlight the need to enhance the systematic, holistic, and coordinated nature of reform, and constitute a systematic summary of the practice of comprehensively deepening reform and its methodology.

“三个更加注重”，强调了要增强改革的系统性、整体性、协同性，是对全面深化改革实践及其方法论的系统总结

Emphasizing systematic integration is a basic requirement of adhering to the systems concept; emphasizing highlighting key points is a basic requirement of adhering to dialectical materialism; and emphasizing practical results in reform must closely follow the theme of Chinese-path modernization in advancing reform.

注重系统集成是坚持系统观念的基本要求，注重突出重点是坚持唯物辩证法的基本要求，注重改革实效必须紧扣中国式现代化主题推进改革

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "Reform and opening up is a new great undertaking unprecedented before; we must adhere to the correct methodology and advance it through constant practice and exploration." The Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Advancing Chinese-Path Modernization (hereinafter referred to as the "Resolution"), deliberated and approved by the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC [2]2 The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC was held in July 2024, focusing on further deepening reform and advancing Chinese-path modernization., explicitly states in the general outline that to further comprehensively deepen reform we must "place greater emphasis on systematic integration, greater emphasis on highlighting key points, and greater emphasis on practical results in reform, so as to better adapt relations of production to productive forces, the superstructure to the economic base, and national governance to social development." The "three greater emphases" highlight the need to enhance the systematic, holistic, and coordinated nature of reform, and constitute a systematic summary of the practice of comprehensively deepening reform and its methodology. We must strictly follow and persistently adhere to them in reform, promoting systematic integration, highlighting key points, and achieving practical results in reform.

习近平总书记指出：“改革开放是前无古人的崭新事业，必须坚持正确的方法论，在不断实践探索中推进。”党的二十届三中全会审议通过的《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的决定》（以下简称《决定》）在总论中明确提出进一步全面深化改革要“更加注重系统集成，更加注重突出重点，更加注重改革实效，推动生产关系和生产力、上层建筑和经济基础、国家治理和社会发展更好相适应”。“三个更加注重”，强调了要增强改革的系统性、整体性、协同性，是对全面深化改革实践及其方法论的系统总结。我们必须在改革中严格遵循、长期坚持，推动改革系统集成、突出重点、取得实效。

Place Greater Emphasis on Systematic Integration, and Oversee the Overall Situation of Reform and Development with the Systems Concept

更加注重系统集成，以系统观念统揽改革发展全局

"He who does not plan for the whole is not fit to plan for a part." [3]3 A classical Chinese saying from the Qing dynasty, meaning that if one does not consider the overall situation, one cannot plan for a part of it. Emphasizing systematic integration is a basic requirement of adhering to the systems concept, an important method for comprehensively deepening reform, and a fundamental guideline for further comprehensively deepening reform.

不谋全局者，不足谋一域。注重系统集成是坚持系统观念的基本要求，是全面深化改革的重要方法，是进一步全面深化改革的基本遵循。

Emphasizing systematic integration is a basic requirement of adhering to the systems concept. The systems concept is an important epistemology and methodology of dialectical materialism, an important part of the worldview and methodology of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and a foundational way of thinking and working method. Dialectical materialism holds that all things are interconnected and interdependent, and this connection and interdependence manifest as relationships of mutual influence, mutual constraint, and mutual interaction among things and among the internal elements of things. Only by adhering to the systems concept and observing things from the perspective of universal connection, comprehensive system, and development and change can we grasp the laws of development of things. China is a large developing country still in the primary stage of socialism, undergoing extensive and profound social changes. Advancing reform and development and adjusting interest relations often affect the whole if one part is touched; thus it is especially necessary to adhere to and apply the systems concept to properly handle relations in all respects, coordinate interests on all sides, and mobilize the initiative of all parties.

注重系统集成是坚持系统观念的基本要求。系统观念是辩证唯物主义的重要认识论和方法论，是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想世界观和方法论的重要组成部分，是具有基础性的思想和工作方法。辩证唯物主义认为，万事万物是相互联系、相互依存的，这种联系和依存表现为事物以及事物内部诸要素之间是相互影响、相互制约和相互作用的关系。只有坚持系统观念，用普遍联系的、全面系统的、发展变化的观点观察事物，才能把握事物发展规律。我国是一个发展中大国，仍处于社会主义初级阶段，正在经历广泛而深刻的社会变革，推进改革发展、调整利益关系往往牵一发而动全身，尤其需要坚持和运用系统观念处理好各方面关系、统筹好各方面利益、调动好各方面积极性。

Emphasizing systematic integration is an important method for comprehensively deepening reform in the New Era. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC [4]4 The 18th National Congress of the CPC was held in 2012, marking the start of the New Era under Xi Jinping's leadership., the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has persisted in systematic planning and coordinated advancement of all undertakings of the Party and the state, united and led the entire Party, the military, and the people of all ethnic groups across the country, with great historical initiative, tremendous political courage, and a strong sense of responsibility, to launch a tough battle for reform and advance comprehensive deepening of reform. In the process of promoting reform, we have adhered to systematic thinking and overall planning, strengthened top-level design, dared to face new contradictions and challenges, resolutely eliminated institutional and mechanism drawbacks in all aspects, put forward a series of new concepts, new ideas, and new strategies, introduced a series of major guidelines and policies, launched a series of major measures, and advanced a series of major works, realizing a transformation of reform from local exploration and ice-breaking breakthroughs to systematic integration and comprehensive deepening. The basic institutional frameworks in all fields have been basically established, many fields have achieved historic changes, systematic restructuring, and overall reconstruction. The system of socialism with Chinese characteristics has become more mature and more established, the level of modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity has significantly improved, providing a strong institutional guarantee for completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects and realizing the Party's first centenary goal. [5]5 The "first centenary goal" refers to the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects by the time of the 100th anniversary of the CPC in 2021.

注重系统集成是新时代全面深化改革的重要方法。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央，坚持系统谋划、统筹推进党和国家各项事业，团结带领全党全军全国各族人民，以伟大的历史主动、巨大的政治勇气、强烈的责任担当，打响改革攻坚战，推进全面深化改革。在改革推进过程中，坚持系统思维、全局谋划，加强顶层设计，敢于面对新矛盾新挑战，坚决破除各方面体制机制弊端，提出一系列新理念新思想新战略，出台一系列重大方针政策，推出一系列重大举措，推进一系列重大工作，实现改革由局部探索、破冰突围到系统集成、全面深化的转变，各领域基础性制度框架基本建立，许多领域实现历史性变革、系统性重塑、整体性重构，中国特色社会主义制度更加成熟更加定型，国家治理体系和治理能力现代化水平明显提高，为全面建成小康社会、实现党的第一个百年奋斗目标提供有力制度保障。

Emphasizing systematic integration is a fundamental guideline for further comprehensively deepening reform. From the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the CPC [6]6 The Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee, held in December 1978, initiated reform and opening up in China., which ushered in the new period of reform and opening up and socialist modernization, to the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee [7]7 The Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee, held in November 2013, set the direction for comprehensively deepening reform., which opened the new journey of comprehensively deepening reform and systematically designing and advancing reform in the New Era, China's reform has moved from local exploration and ice-breaking breakthroughs to a stage of systematic integration and comprehensive deepening. At present, China has generally completed the reform tasks set by the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee, achieving the goal of making institutions in all aspects more mature and established with notable results. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee established the overall goal of further comprehensively deepening reform, and made systematic arrangements from aspects such as constructing a high-level socialist market economy system and improving the institutional mechanisms for promoting high-quality development, pointing out the way forward for the new journey of reform in the New Era and clarifying the tasks and requirements. Comprehensively deepening reform is a complex systematic project, a linkage and integration of reforms and improvements in all fields. We must adhere to the systems concept, persist in integrated planning, systematic design, and holistic promotion, so that reforms in all aspects coordinate with each other and work synergistically and efficiently.

注重系统集成是进一步全面深化改革的基本遵循。从党的十一届三中全会开启改革开放和社会主义现代化建设新时期，到党的十八届三中全会开启新时代全面深化改革、系统整体设计推进改革新征程，我国改革已从局部探索、破冰突围进入系统集成、全面深化阶段。当前，我国总体完成党的十八届三中全会确定的改革任务，实现了各方面制度更加成熟更加定型取得明显成效的目标。党的二十届三中全会确立了进一步全面深化改革的总目标，从构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制、健全推动经济高质量发展体制机制等方面作出系统部署，为新时代改革新征程指明了前进方向、明确了任务和要求。全面深化改革是一项复杂的系统工程，是各领域改革和改进的联动和集成，必须坚持系统观念，坚持统筹兼顾、系统谋划、整体推进，使各方面改革相互配合、协同高效。

Place Greater Emphasis on Highlighting Key Points, and Firmly Grasp the Overall Goal to Comprehensively Deepen Reform

更加注重突出重点，牢牢扭住总目标全面深化改革

Emphasizing highlighting key points is a basic requirement of adhering to dialectical materialism. We must firmly grasp the overall goal of comprehensively deepening reform, give play to the leading role of economic system reform, drive the overall situation with key points, and promote the implementation of all tasks of comprehensively deepening reform.

注重突出重点，是坚持唯物辩证法的基本要求，要牢牢扭住全面深化改革的总目标，发挥经济体制改革的牵引作用，以重点带动全局，推动落实全面深化改革的各项任务。

Emphasizing highlighting key points is a basic requirement of adhering to dialectical materialism. The law of the unity of opposites, that is, the law of contradiction, is the fundamental law of dialectical materialism, revealing the source and driving force of the development of things. Contradictions exist within all things, and the existence and development of things are realized through the struggle and unity of internal contradictions. In the struggle of internal contradictions of things, the principal contradiction is the contradiction that determines the direction and driving force of the development of things, and is the main decisive factor in the process of development. The secondary contradiction arises on the basis of the principal contradiction and is constrained and influenced by it. To advance reform, we must master the method of contradiction analysis, adhere to the dialectical unity of the "two-point theory" and the "key-point theory" [8]8 The "two-point theory" and "key-point theory" are methods of contradiction analysis: the two-point theory means looking at both sides of a contradiction, while the key-point theory emphasizes the principal contradiction., and not only highlight key points, grasp the principal contradiction of reform, and promote the comprehensive deepening of reform by solving the principal contradiction, but also learn to make overall plans and properly handle secondary contradictions, avoiding "single-mindedness."

注重突出重点是坚持唯物辩证法的基本要求。对立统一规律即矛盾规律，是唯物辩证法的根本规律，揭示了事物发展的源泉和动力。矛盾存在于一切事物的内部，事物的存在和发展都是通过内部矛盾的斗争和统一而实现的。在事物内部矛盾的斗争中，主要矛盾是决定事物发展方向和动力的矛盾，是事物发展过程中的主要决定因素。次要矛盾是在主要矛盾的基础上产生的，受到主要矛盾的制约和影响。推进改革，要掌握矛盾分析方法，坚持两点论和重点论的辩证统一，既要突出重点，抓住改革主要矛盾，通过解决主要矛盾推动改革全面深化；又要学会统筹兼顾，恰当地处理好次要矛盾，避免“单打一”。

Emphasizing highlighting key points is an important method for China's reform. From the basic course of China's reform, focusing on reforms in key areas and driving the comprehensive advancement of other areas through reforms in key areas is an important method for China's reform. The "household contract responsibility system with remuneration linked to output" [9]9 The "household contract responsibility system with remuneration linked to output" (dabaogan) was a rural reform that began in Xiaogang Village, Anhui, in the late 1970s, and is widely regarded as the beginning of China's rural reform., which began in Xiaogang Village, Fengyang County, Anhui Province, opened the prelude to China's rural reform. Subsequently, reform expanded from rural to urban areas, and gradually from the economic field to political, cultural, social, ecological civilization, and Party building fields. During the new period of reform and opening up and socialist modernization, our Party persisted in taking economic system reform as the key, coordinated the advancement of political system, cultural system, social system, ecological civilization system, and Party building system reforms, and initiated and developed socialism with Chinese characteristics. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, our Party has improved institutions in all aspects through comprehensively deepening reform, promoted the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics to become more mature and more established, and opened a new situation for China's reform and opening up. The practice since reform and opening up has fully proved that grasping the economic system reform, the "ox nose" [10]10 "Ox nose" (niubizi) is a Chinese metaphor for the key link of a problem; grasping the ox nose means seizing the most crucial point. of reform, can drive and influence the corresponding advancement of reforms in all other aspects.

注重突出重点是我国改革的重要方法。从我国改革的基本历程看，抓好重点领域的改革，以重点领域改革带动其他领域改革全面推进，是我国改革的重要方法。发轫于安徽凤阳小岗村的“大包干”拉开了我国农村改革的序幕。随后改革从农村扩展到城市，从经济领域逐步向政治、文化、社会、生态和党的建设等领域拓展。改革开放和社会主义现代化建设新时期，我们党坚持以经济体制改革为重点，协同推进政治体制、文化体制、社会体制、生态文明体制和党的建设制度改革，开创和发展了中国特色社会主义。党的十八大以来，我们党通过全面深化改革完善各方面制度，推动中国特色社会主义制度更加成熟更加定型，开创了我国改革开放新局面。改革开放以来的实践充分证明，抓住经济体制改革这个“牛鼻子”，就能带动和影响其他各个方面改革相应推进。

Emphasizing highlighting key points requires promoting institutional and mechanism reforms around the overall goal of reform. We must grasp the principal contradiction and the principal aspect of the contradiction, revolve around the overall goal, advance institutional and mechanism reforms, give play to the leading role of economic system reform, and achieve breakthroughs in key areas and coordinated advancement of reform. First, we must closely follow the overall goal of "continuing to improve and develop the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity," benchmark against the phased goals of "by 2035, building a high-level socialist market economy system, making the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics more complete, and basically realizing the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity," and "by 2029, completing the reform tasks set out in this Resolution," and plan and implement the road map and timetable for advancing reform. Second, we must focus on building a high-level socialist market economy system, developing whole-process people's democracy, building a socialist cultural power, improving the quality of life of the people, building a beautiful China, building a safer China at a higher level, and improving the Party's leadership level and long-term governance capability; highlight institutional and mechanism reforms, and highlight major reforms of strategic and overall significance. Finally, we must give play to the leading role of economic system reform, improve the institutional mechanisms conducive to promoting high-quality development, shape new drivers and new advantages for development, adhere to and implement the "two unswervingly" policy [11]11 The "two unswervingly" policy (liang ge hao bu dong yao) refers to unswervingly consolidating and developing the public sector economy, and unswervingly encouraging, supporting, and guiding the development of the non-public sector economy., build a national unified large market, and improve the basic systems of the market economy.

注重突出重点要求围绕改革总目标推进体制机制改革。要抓住主要矛盾和矛盾的主要方面，围绕总目标，推进体制机制改革，发挥经济体制改革牵引作用，实现改革的重点突破和协同推进。首先，要紧紧围绕“继续完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度，推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化”的总目标，对标“到2035年，全面建成高水平社会主义市场经济体制，中国特色社会主义制度更加完善，基本实现国家治理体系和治理能力现代化”，“到2029年，完成本决定提出的改革任务”的阶段性目标，规划落实好推进改革的路线图和时间表。其次，要聚焦构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制、发展全过程人民民主、建设社会主义文化强国、提高人民生活品质、建设美丽中国、建设更高水平平安中国、提高党的领导水平和长期执政能力，突出体制机制改革，突出战略性、全局性重大改革；最后，要发挥经济体制改革的牵引作用，完善有利于推动高质量发展的体制机制，塑造发展新动能新优势，坚持和落实“两个毫不动摇”，构建全国统一大市场，完善市场经济基础制度。

Place Greater Emphasis on Practical Results in Reform, and Provide Strong Impetus and Institutional Guarantee for Chinese-Path Modernization

更加注重改革实效，为中国式现代化提供强大动力和制度保障

We must ensure that reform achieves tangible results, closely follow the theme of Chinese-path modernization, highlight the main line of institutional building, promote the liberation and development of social productive forces, and provide strong impetus and institutional guarantee for Chinese-path modernization.

要推动改革取得实实在在的成效，紧扣中国式现代化主题，突出制度建设这条主线，推动解放和发展社会生产力，为中国式现代化提供强大动力和制度保障。

Taking reform results seriously requires closely following the theme of Chinese-path modernization in advancing reform. The present and future period is a critical period for comprehensively advancing the building of a strong country and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization. Chinese-path modernization has been continuously advanced through reform and opening up, and will surely open up broad prospects through reform and opening up. The Resolution makes comprehensive arrangements for further comprehensively deepening reform and advancing Chinese-path modernization. On the new journey of the New Era, to further comprehensively deepen reform, we must pay greater attention to practical results in reform, closely follow the theme of Chinese-path modernization, promote the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics to become more complete in the process of comprehensively deepening reform, basically realize the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, and provide institutional guarantee and strong impetus for Chinese-path modernization.

注重改革实效必须紧扣中国式现代化主题推进改革。当前和今后一个时期是以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业的关键时期。中国式现代化是在改革开放中不断推进的，也必将在改革开放中开辟广阔前景。《决定》围绕进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化作出全面部署。新时代新征程进一步全面深化改革，必须更加注重改革实效，紧扣中国式现代化这一主题，在全面深化改革中推动中国特色社会主义制度更加完善，基本实现国家治理体系和治理能力现代化，为中国式现代化提供制度保障和强大动力。

Taking reform results seriously requires promoting the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics to become more complete. Institutional building has a fundamental, overall, stable, and long-term nature. Improving the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics is a dynamic process that inevitably develops continuously with the development of practice. To further comprehensively deepen reform, we must dare to face new contradictions and challenges, highlight the main line of institutional building, and continue to improve institutional mechanisms in all aspects. We must strive to build a high-level socialist market economy system and institutional mechanisms supporting comprehensive innovation; improve the institutional mechanisms for promoting high-quality development, the macroeconomic governance system, the system of whole-process people's democracy, and the system for ensuring and improving people's livelihood; improve the institutional mechanisms for integrated urban-rural development, the institutional mechanisms for high-level opening up, and the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics; deepen reforms of the cultural institutional mechanism, the ecological civilization system, and the national defense and military system; advance the modernization of the national security system and capacity; improve the Party's leadership level; consolidate foundations, develop strengths, shore up weak links, and address deficiencies; continuously better transform China's institutional strengths into national governance effectiveness; promote the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the national governance system to become more complete; and provide institutional guarantee for Chinese-path modernization.

注重改革实效要求推动中国特色社会主义制度更加完善。制度建设带有根本性、全局性、稳定性、长期性。完善中国特色社会主义制度是一个动态过程，必然随着实践发展而不断发展。进一步全面深化改革，要敢于面对新矛盾新挑战，突出制度建设这条主线，继续完善各方面制度机制。着力构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制、支持全面创新体制机制，健全推动经济高质量发展体制机制、宏观经济治理体系、全过程人民民主制度体系、保障和改善民生制度体系，完善城乡融合发展体制机制、高水平对外开放体制机制、中国特色社会主义法治体系，深化文化体制机制改革、生态文明体制改革、国防和军队改革，推进国家安全体系和能力现代化，提高党的领导水平，固根基、扬优势、补短板、强弱项，不断把我国制度优势更好转化为国家治理效能，推动中国特色社会主义制度和国家治理体系更加完善，为中国式现代化提供制度保障。

Taking reform results seriously requires promoting the liberation and development of social productive forces. General Secretary Xi Jinping proposed "taking whether it promotes economic and social development and whether it brings a tangible sense of gain to the people as the criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of reform," providing guidance for assessing practical results in reform. The practice of reform and opening up has fully proved that firmly grasping the liberation and development of social productive forces can provide a strong driving force for reforms in other aspects and influence the corresponding advancement of reforms in all other aspects. To emphasize practical results in reform, we must promote the better adaptation of relations of production to productive forces, the superstructure to the economic base, and national governance to social development in the course of comprehensively deepening reform; further liberate and develop social productive forces, stimulate and enhance social vitality; in the reform of the high-level socialist market economy system, the institutional mechanisms for promoting high-quality development, the macroeconomic governance system, the institutional mechanisms for integrated urban-rural development, and the institutional mechanisms for high-level opening up, we must break through institutional and mechanism obstacles and structural contradictions, and achieve tangible results in promoting high-quality development; we must make progress in the system of whole-process people's democracy, the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics, the cultural institutional mechanisms, the system for ensuring and improving people's livelihood, and the reform of the ecological civilization system; focus on solving the needs, urgent concerns, and expectations of the people; achieve tangible results in improving the quality of life of the people and promoting the free and all-round development of the people; and provide strong impetus for Chinese-path modernization.

注重改革实效要求推动解放和发展社会生产力。习近平总书记提出“把是否促进经济社会发展、是否给人民群众带来实实在在的获得感，作为改革成效的评价标准”，为评判改革实效提供了指导。改革开放的实践充分证明，紧紧扭住解放和发展社会生产力，就能为其他各方面改革提供强大推动力，影响其他各方面改革相应推进。注重改革实效，要在全面深化改革中推动生产关系和生产力、上层建筑和经济基础、国家治理和社会发展更好地相适应，进一步解放和发展社会生产力、激发和增强社会活力；要在高水平社会主义市场经济体制、推动经济高质量发展体制机制、宏观经济治理体系、城乡融合发展体制机制、高水平对外开放体制机制改革中，破解体制机制障碍和结构性矛盾，在推动高质量发展上见实效；要在全过程人民民主制度体系、中国特色社会主义法治体系、文化体制机制、保障和改善民生制度体系、生态文明体制改革上有进展，着力解决人民群众所需所急所盼，在提高人民生活品质、促进人的自由全面发展上见实效，为中国式现代化提供强大动力。

(The author is a researcher at the Institute of Marxism, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)

（作者系中国社会科学院马克思主义研究院研究员）

Online editor: Tongxin

网络编辑：同心