Party Leadership Is the Fundamental Guarantee for Further Deepening Reform Comprehensively

The Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Deepening Reform Comprehensively to Advance Chinese-Path Modernization, deliberated and adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC[1]1 The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC, held in July 2024, adopted the decision on further deepening reform comprehensively., points out: "Party leadership is the fundamental guarantee for further deepening reform comprehensively to advance Chinese-path modernization." In an important speech at the opening ceremony of a study session on the spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee attended by principal leading officials at the provincial and ministerial levels, General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed: "Upholding the Party's overall leadership, upholding Marxism, upholding socialism with Chinese characteristics, and upholding the people's democratic dictatorship, with the promotion of social fairness and justice and the enhancement of people's well-being as the starting point and ultimate goal – these govern what is fundamental, what sets the direction, and what ensures long-term stability; they reflect the Party's nature and purpose, conform to China's national conditions, and accord with the people's fundamental interests. Under no circumstances and at no time should there be the slightest wavering." These important expositions not only scientifically summarize the valuable experience of reform and opening up, especially the comprehensive deepening of reform in the New Era, but also profoundly reveal the historical truth that without the Communist Party of China, there would be no New China and no great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, as well as the fundamental reason for the successful advancement of China's reform and opening up. They are of major and far-reaching guiding significance for enhancing the scientific nature, foresight, initiative, and creativity of further deepening reform comprehensively and ensuring steady and sustained progress.

党的二十届三中全会审议通过的《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的决定》指出：“党的领导是进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的根本保证。”习近平总书记在省部级主要领导干部学习贯彻党的二十届三中全会精神专题研讨班开班式上发表重要讲话强调：“坚持党的全面领导、坚持马克思主义、坚持中国特色社会主义、坚持人民民主专政，以促进社会公平正义、增进人民福祉为出发点和落脚点，这些都是管根本、管方向、管长远的，体现党的性质和宗旨，符合我国国情，符合人民根本利益，任何时候任何情况下都不能有丝毫动摇。”这些重要论述，不仅科学总结了改革开放以来特别是新时代全面深化改革的宝贵经验，而且深刻揭示了没有中国共产党就没有新中国、就没有中华民族伟大复兴的历史真理和我国改革开放成功推进的根本原因，对于增强进一步全面深化改革的科学性、预见性、主动性、创造性，推动改革行稳致远，具有重大而深远的指导意义。

Party leadership is the inexorable necessity of historical development.

党的领导是历史发展的必然

The Party exercises overall leadership over all sectors – Party, government, military, civilian, academic; east, west, south, north, center. The Communist Party of China is the strong leading core of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the supreme political leading force of the state. The Party's leading position is not self-proclaimed; it is the inevitable choice of history and the people. After the Opium War of 1840[2]2 The Opium War (1840–1842) was a military conflict between China and Britain, resulting in China's defeat and the signing of the first unequal treaty., China gradually became a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. The country suffered humiliation, the people endured hardship, and the civilization was covered in dust; the Chinese nation experienced unprecedented calamities. In order to change the fate of being enslaved and bullied, countless people with lofty ideals and good will advanced wave upon wave, striving to find a way to save the nation from subjugation and ensure its survival. However, neither the peasant class nor the landlord class, neither the bourgeois reformists nor the bourgeois revolutionaries, could change the social nature of old China or the tragic fate of the Chinese people. China urgently needed a new ideology to guide the salvation movement and a new organization to unite revolutionary forces. The October Revolution[3]3 The October Revolution (1917) in Russia led to the establishment of the first socialist state and introduced Marxism-Leninism to China. sent a salvo of gunfire, bringing Marxism-Leninism to China. Amid the great awakening of the Chinese people and the Chinese nation, and in the close integration of Marxism-Leninism with the Chinese workers' movement, the Communist Party of China came into being. It was precisely because of the Communist Party of China that the Chinese revolution gained a strong leading core, and the Chinese people and the Chinese nation gained a mainstay.

党政军民学，东西南北中，党是领导一切的。中国共产党是中国特色社会主义事业的坚强领导核心，是国家最高政治领导力量。党的领导地位不是自封的，是历史和人民的必然选择。1840年鸦片战争以后，中国逐步成为半殖民地半封建社会，国家蒙辱、人民蒙难、文明蒙尘，中华民族遭受了前所未有的劫难。为了改变被奴役、被欺凌的命运，无数仁人志士前赴后继，努力探寻救亡图存的出路。但是，无论是农民阶级还是地主阶级，无论是资产阶级改良派还是资产阶级革命派，都未能改变旧中国的社会性质和中国人民的悲惨命运。中国迫切需要新的思想引领救亡运动，迫切需要新的组织凝聚革命力量。十月革命一声炮响，给中国送来了马克思列宁主义。在中国人民和中华民族的伟大觉醒中，在马克思列宁主义同中国工人运动的紧密结合中，中国共产党应运而生。正是有了中国共产党，中国革命才有了坚强的领导核心，中国人民和中华民族才有了主心骨。

During the period of the New Democratic Revolution, the Party led the people through 28 years of bloody fighting and tenacious struggle, overthrowing the three mountains of imperialism, feudalism, and bureaucratic capitalism, achieving the great success of the New Democratic Revolution, establishing the new China where the people are the masters of the country, completely abolishing the unequal treaties imposed on China by the great powers and all imperialist privileges in China, and realizing the national independence and people's liberation that several generations of Chinese had dreamed of. During the period of socialist revolution and construction, on the basis of rapidly healing the wounds of war and restoring the national economy, the Party led the people to seize the opportune moment to propose the general line for the transition period[4]4 The general line for the transition period (1953–1956) aimed to achieve socialist industrialization and socialist transformation of agriculture, handicraft industry, and capitalist industry and commerce., creatively carry out socialist transformation, establish the basic system of socialism, and advance socialist construction, achieving great successes in socialist revolution and construction and realizing the most extensive and profound social change in Chinese history. During the new period of reform and opening up and socialist modernization, the Party led the people to emancipate the mind and forge ahead with determination, establish the Party's basic line for the primary stage of socialism, and unswervingly advance reform and opening up, achieving great successes in reform and opening up and socialist modernization, and realizing a historic transition from a highly centralized planned economy to a vibrant socialist market economy and from a closed and semi-closed state to all-round opening up, providing institutional guarantees full of new vitality and material conditions for rapid development for the realization of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Socialism with Chinese characteristics entering the New Era, the Party led the people to coordinate the great struggle, the great project, the great cause, and the great dream, to advance the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan and the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy in a coordinated manner, to uphold and improve the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and advance the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, creating great achievements of socialism with Chinese characteristics for the New Era, providing more complete institutional guarantees, more solid material foundations, and more proactive spiritual strength for the realization of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. The realization of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation has entered an irreversible historical process. As General Secretary Xi Jinping said: "Without the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the task of national independence and liberation might have been delayed, the cost would have been greater, and our country would not have achieved the development it has today, nor would it have the international status it has today." Looking back at history, we can draw a basic conclusion: the leadership of the Communist Party of China is the inexorable necessity of historical development. Without the leadership of the Communist Party of China, China's revolution, construction, and reform could not have been successfully advanced; China could not have achieved the historic breakthrough from relatively backward productive forces to becoming the world's second largest economy; and the Chinese nation could not have seen the great leap from standing up, becoming prosperous, to becoming strong. Therefore, on the new journey of the New Era, we must always unwaveringly uphold the Party's overall leadership, deeply advance the great new project of Party building in the New Era, improve the system for comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, resolutely implement the Party's line, principles, policies and the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee, implement Party leadership in all fields, aspects, and links of the Party's and state's undertakings, continuously improve the Party's level of scientific governance, democratic governance, and law-based governance, continuously improve the Party's level of leadership in further deepening reform comprehensively and advancing Chinese-path modernization, and ensure that the Party remains the strong leading core of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

在新民主主义革命时期，党领导人民经过28年浴血奋战和顽强奋斗，推翻了帝国主义、封建主义、官僚资本主义三座大山，创造了新民主主义革命的伟大成就，建立了人民当家作主的新中国，彻底废除了列强强加给中国的不平等条约和帝国主义在中国的一切特权，实现了几代中国人梦寐以求的民族独立和人民解放。在社会主义革命和建设时期，党领导人民在迅速医治战争创伤、恢复国民经济的基础上，不失时机提出了过渡时期总路线，创造性地进行社会主义改造，确立起社会主义基本制度，推进社会主义建设，创造了社会主义革命和建设的伟大成就，实现了中华民族有史以来最为广泛而深刻的社会变革。在改革开放和社会主义建设新时期，党领导人民解放思想、锐意进取，确立党在社会主义初级阶段的基本路线，坚定不移推进改革开放，创造了改革开放和社会主义现代化建设的伟大成就，实现了从高度集中的计划经济体制到充满活力的社会主义市场经济体制、从封闭半封闭到全方位开放的历史性转变，为实现中华民族伟大复兴提供了充满新的活力的体制保证和快速发展的物质条件。中国特色社会主义进入新时代，党领导人民统揽伟大斗争、伟大工程、伟大事业、伟大梦想，统筹推进“五位一体”总体布局、协调推进“四个全面”战略布局，坚持和完善中国特色社会主义制度、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化，创造了新时代中国特色社会主义的伟大成就，为实现中华民族伟大复兴提供了更为完善的制度保证、更为坚实的物质基础、更为主动的精神力量，实现中华民族伟大复兴进入了不可逆转的历史进程。正如习近平总书记所说：“如果没有中国共产党领导，完成民族独立和解放的任务就可能拖得更久、付出的代价更大，我们的国家更不可能取得今天这样的发展成就、更不可能具有今天这样的国际地位。”回望历史，可以得出一个基本结论，中国共产党的领导是历史发展的必然，如果没有中国共产党的领导，我国的革命、建设和改革就不可能成功推进，我国就不可能实现从生产力相对落后的状况到经济总量跃居世界第二的历史性突破，中华民族就不可能迎来从站起来、富起来到强起来的伟大飞跃。因此，新时代新征程上，我们必须要始终坚持党的全面领导不动摇，深入推进新时代党的建设新的伟大工程，健全全面从严治党体系，坚决贯彻落实党的路线方针政策和党中央决策部署，把党的领导落实到党和国家事业各领域各方面各环节，不断提高党科学执政、民主执政、依法执政水平，不断提高党对进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的领导水平，确保党始终成为中国特色社会主义事业的坚强领导核心。

Party leadership is the fundamental reason for the historic and great achievements of comprehensively deepening reform in the New Era.

党的领导是新时代全面深化改革取得历史性伟大成就的根本原因

As reform enters a critical period and a deep-water zone, the resistance encountered grows ever greater, and the hidden reefs, undercurrents, and whirlpools faced become more numerous. Various ideas and concepts clash, various contradictions and issues interweave, various interests and demands collide, and risks and hidden dangers accumulate; many are "hard nuts to crack." The complexity, sensitivity, and difficulty of advancing reform are no less than in the early days of reform and opening up. The Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee deeply analyzed the major theoretical and practical issues facing China's reform, development, and stability, clarified the great significance and future direction of comprehensively deepening reform, put forward the guiding ideology, goals and tasks, and major principles of comprehensively deepening reform, depicted the new blueprint, new vision, and new goals of comprehensively deepening reform, determined the overall goals, strategic priorities, order of priority, main direction of attack, working mechanisms, methods of advancement, and timeline and roadmap for comprehensively deepening reform, forming a series of major breakthroughs in reform theory and policy, and opening a new journey of comprehensively deepening reform and systematically advancing reform as a whole in the New Era.

随着改革进入攻坚期和深水区，遇到的阻力越来越大，面对的暗礁、潜流、漩涡越来越多。各种思想观念相互激荡，各种矛盾问题相互交织，各种利益诉求相互碰撞，风险隐患积聚，许多都是难啃的“硬骨头”，推进改革的复杂程度、敏感程度、艰巨程度不亚于改革开放初期。党的十八届三中全会深刻剖析了我国改革发展稳定面临的重大理论和实践问题，阐明了全面深化改革的重大意义和未来方向，提出了全面深化改革的指导思想、目标任务、重大原则，描绘了全面深化改革的新蓝图、新愿景、新目标，确定了全面深化改革的总目标、战略重点、优先顺序、主攻方向、工作机制、推进方式和时间表、路线图，形成了改革理论和政策的一系列重大突破，开启了新时代全面深化改革、系统整体设计推进改革新征程。

More than a month after the convening of the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee, in order to better play the role of the Party as the leading core that exercises overall leadership and coordinates all sides, and to advance the implementation of the various reform measures proposed by the Party, for the first time in the history of the Communist Party of China a leading body dedicated to reform work was set up at the level of the Party Central Committee – the Central Leading Group for Comprehensively Deepening Reform – responsible for overall design, coordination, overall advancement, and supervision of implementation. General Secretary Xi Jinping personally took command, serving as its head. After the Third Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee, the Central Leading Group for Comprehensively Deepening Reform was renamed the Central Committee for Comprehensively Deepening Reform, with General Secretary Xi Jinping personally serving as its director. Under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, the entire Party and the people of the whole nation unified their thinking, built consensus, enhanced confidence, and forged ahead with determination. They bravely broke through the barriers of ideas and concepts, courageously shattered the fences of solidified interests, resolutely eliminated institutional and mechanistic shortcomings in various aspects, cracked many "hard nuts," crossed many rapids and dangerous shallows, solved many difficult problems that had long been thought about but not solved, accomplished many major matters and important affairs that had been intended but not achieved in the past, achieved a transformation from partial exploration and ice-breaking to systematic integration and comprehensive deepening of reform. The basic institutional framework in various fields has been established, and many fields have achieved historic changes, systemic reshaping, and overall reconstruction. The system of socialism with Chinese characteristics has become more mature and more well-defined, and the level of modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity has been continuously improved. Comprehensive deepening of reform in the New Era has achieved historic and great successes. The Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Major Achievements and Historical Experience of the Party over the Past Century, adopted at the Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee, clearly states: "The Communist Party of China is the core leading force behind our cause. The fundamental reason why the Chinese people and the Chinese nation have been able to reverse the historical fate of modern times and achieve today's great accomplishments is the strong leadership of the Communist Party of China." General Secretary Xi Jinping has repeatedly stressed: "Upholding the Party's overall leadership is the foundation for the prosperity and development of the country and the nation, and the foundation for the well-being and peace of the people of all ethnic groups in the country." "Upholding the Party's leadership and exercising comprehensive and strict governance of the Party are the key and foundation for the success of reform and opening up." These important expositions not only scientifically clarify the critical role of upholding the Party's leadership in fundamentally changing the tragic fate of China's poverty, weakness, and bullying in modern times, as well as in realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and advancing China's reform and opening up, but also profoundly reveal that upholding the Party's leadership is the fundamental reason for the historic and great achievements of comprehensively deepening reform in the New Era and for its continuous success. On the new journey, as we further deepen reform comprehensively, we must uphold the Party's overall leadership; deeply understand the decisive significance of the Two Establishments[5]5 The Two Establishments refer to establishing Comrade Xi Jinping's core position in the Party Central Committee and the Party as a whole, and establishing the guiding role of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era., enhance the Four Consciousnesses[6]6 The Four Consciousnesses refer to the consciousness of ideology, the consciousness of the big picture, the consciousness of the core, and the consciousness of alignment., strengthen the Four Confidences[7]7 The Four Confidences refer to confidence in the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics., and achieve the Two Upholds[8]8 The Two Upholds refer to upholding Xi Jinping's core position in the Party Central Committee and the Party as a whole, and upholding the authority and centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee.; maintain a high degree of consciousness in using the Party's self-revolution to lead social revolution; persist in using the spirit of reform and strict standards to govern the Party; improve the institutional system for the Party's self-revolution; mobilize the whole Party's initiative, activity, and creativity in pursuing reform and promoting development; clearly establish the correct orientation for selecting and appointing cadres; vigorously select cadres who are politically solid, dare to take responsibility, are staunch in reform, have outstanding performance, and are honest and upright; deeply advance the building of Party conduct and clean governance and the fight against corruption; build the Party into a vibrant Marxist governing party that always remains at the forefront of the times, enjoys the wholehearted support of the people, is brave in self-revolution, can withstand all kinds of storms and trials; fully play the Party's role as the leading core exercising overall leadership and coordinating all sides; continuously improve the Party's ability to set the direction, plan the overall situation, formulate policies, and promote reform; continuously drive comprehensive deepening of reform in breadth and depth; and strive to build a great modern socialist country in all respects, achieve the second centenary goal[9]9 The second centenary goal is to build China into a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful by the middle of the 21st century (around 2049)., and comprehensively advance the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization.

党的十八届三中全会召开后一个多月，为更好发挥党总揽全局、协调各方的领导核心作用，推进党提出的各项改革举措的贯彻落实，中国共产党历史上第一次在党中央层面设置专司改革工作的领导机构——中央全面深化改革领导小组，负责改革的总体设计、统筹协调、整体推进、督促落实。习近平总书记亲自挂帅，担任组长。党的十九届三中全会后，中央全面深化改革领导小组改为中央全面深化改革委员会，习近平总书记亲任主任。在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，全党全国人民统一思想，凝聚共识，增强信心，奋发进取，勇于冲破思想观念的障碍，勇于突破利益固化的藩篱，坚决破除各方面体制机制弊端，啃下了不少“硬骨头”，闯过了不少急流险滩，解决了许多长期想解决而没有解决的难题，办成了许多过去想办而没有办成的大事要事，实现改革由局部探索、破冰突围到系统集成、全面深化的转变，各领域基础性制度框架基本建立，许多领域实现历史性变革、系统性重塑、整体性重构，中国特色社会主义制度更加成熟更加定型，国家治理体系和治理能力现代化水平不断提高，新时代全面深化改革取得历史性伟大成就。党的十九届六中全会通过的《中共中央关于党的百年奋斗重大成就和历史经验的决议》明确指出：“中国共产党是领导我们事业的核心力量。中国人民和中华民族之所以能够扭转近代以后的历史命运、取得今天的伟大成就，最根本的是有中国共产党的坚强领导。”习近平总书记反复强调：“坚持党的全面领导，是国家和民族兴旺发达的根本所在，是全国各族人民幸福安康的根本所在。”“坚持党的领导，全面从严治党，是改革开放取得成功的关键和根本。”这些重要论述，不仅科学阐明了坚持党的领导对于彻底改变近代以后中国积贫积弱、受人欺凌的悲惨命运，对于实现中华民族伟大复兴和推进我国改革开放事业的关键作用，而且深刻揭示了坚持党的领导就是新时代全面深化改革取得历史性伟大成就、不断走向成功的根本原因。新征程上，我们进一步全面深化改革，就必须坚持党的全面领导，深刻领悟“两个确立”的决定性意义，增强“四个意识”、坚定“四个自信”、做到“两个维护”，保持以党的自我革命引领社会革命的高度自觉，坚持用改革精神和严的标准管党治党，完善党的自我革命制度规范体系，调动全党抓改革、促发展的积极性、主动性、创造性，鲜明树立选人用人正确导向，大力选拔政治过硬、敢于担当、锐意改革、实绩突出、清正廉洁的干部，深入推进党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争，把党建设成为始终走在时代前列、人民衷心拥护、勇于自我革命、经得起各种风浪考验、朝气蓬勃的马克思主义执政党，充分发挥党总揽全局、协调各方的领导核心作用，不断提高党把方向、谋大局、定政策、促改革的能力，不断推动全面深化改革向广度和深度进军，为全面建成社会主义现代化强国、实现第二个百年奋斗目标，以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴而努力奋斗。

Party leadership is the "magic needle that stabilizes the seas"[10]10 "Magic needle that stabilizes the seas" is a metaphor from the Chinese novel *Journey to the West*, referring to a stabilizing force. that overcomes all risks and challenges on the road of reform advance.

党的领导是战胜改革前进道路上一切风险挑战的“定海神针”

The report to the 20th National Congress of the CPC points out: "China's development has entered a period in which strategic opportunities and risks and challenges coexist and uncertain and unpredictable factors increase. Various 'black swan' and 'gray rhino' events[11]11 "Black swan" refers to an unpredictable event with severe consequences; "gray rhino" refers to a highly probable but neglected threat. may occur at any time. We must enhance our awareness of potential dangers, adhere to bottom-line thinking, be prepared for danger in times of peace and take precautions before trouble arises, and be ready to withstand major tests of high winds and rough seas, or even stormy waves." Today, the changes unseen in a century are accelerating, and the characteristics of changes in the world, the times, and history are more pronounced. China's development faces new strategic opportunities, new strategic tasks, new strategic stages, new strategic requirements, and new strategic environments. The risks and challenges to be dealt with, and the contradictions and problems to be resolved, are more complex than ever before. Comprehensively deepening reform is a profound and comprehensive social transformation. In the process of deep advancement, it will inevitably touch upon adjustments to deep-seated interest patterns and changes to the institutional system. Comprehensively deepening reform is a great cause unprecedented in history. On the road ahead, it will inevitably encounter various foreseeable and unforeseeable risks and challenges, difficulties and obstacles, and even stormy waves. To ensure that the reform's position does not shift and its direction does not deviate, we must uphold the Party's overall leadership.

党的二十大报告指出：“我国发展进入战略机遇和风险挑战并存、不确定难预料因素增多的时期，各种‘黑天鹅’、‘灰犀牛’事件随时可能发生。我们必须增强忧患意识，坚持底线思维，做到居安思危、未雨绸缪，准备经受风高浪急甚至惊涛骇浪的重大考验。”当今世界百年未有之大变局加速演进，世界之变、时代之变、历史之变的特征更加明显。我国发展面临新的战略机遇、新的战略任务、新的战略阶段、新的战略要求、新的战略环境，需要应对的风险和挑战、需要解决的矛盾和问题比以往更加错综复杂。全面深化改革是一场深刻而全面的社会变革，在深入推进的过程中，必定会触及深层次利益格局的调整和制度体系的变革。全面深化改革是一项前无古人的伟大事业，在前进的道路上，也必然会遇到各种可以预料和难以预料的风险挑战、艰难险阻甚至惊涛骇浪。要确保改革立场不移、方向不偏，就必须坚持党的全面领导。

General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed: "An important reason for our Party's progress step by step is that we have constantly summed up experience, improved our abilities, and continuously enhanced our capacity to respond to risks, meet challenges, and turn dangers into safety. To better respond to various foreseeable and unforeseeable risks and challenges on the road ahead, we must draw inspiration from history and extract from historical experience the magic weapon for defeating the enemy." The Communist Party of China was born amid internal and external troubles, grew up through hardships and setbacks, and expanded in overcoming risks and challenges. It has always had a strong awareness of potential dangers and risks. Over the past hundred years and more, it is precisely because successive generations of Chinese Communists have always been mindful of potential dangers, prepared for danger in times of peace, and taken precautions, effectively preventing, managing, and handling various risks, and vigorously responding to, addressing, and defusing various challenges, that they have united and led the Chinese people to overcome one difficulty after another and achieve one victory after another. In summarizing the valuable experience accumulated over 40 years of reform and opening up, General Secretary Xi Jinping clearly pointed out: "It is precisely because we have always upheld the centralized and unified leadership of the Party that we have been able to achieve a great historical turning point, open up the new period of reform and opening up and the new journey of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, successfully respond to a series of major risks and challenges, overcome countless difficulties and obstacles, forcefully handle changes in the situation, calm disturbances, fight floods, prevent SARS, resist earthquakes, and resolve crises, and avoid both the old path of closed-door rigidity and the erroneous path of changing the banner, but instead unswervingly take the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics." History has proven and will continue to prove that the Party's overall leadership is the fundamental guarantee for doing a good job in all Party and state work and promoting the continuous development of the Party's and state's cause, and is the "magic needle that stabilizes the seas" that overcomes all difficulties, obstacles, risks, and challenges on the road of reform advance. Standing at a new historical starting point, looking ahead to the new journey of building a great modern socialist country in all respects, the tasks of reform and development will be more arduous, and various foreseeable and unforeseeable risk factors will increase significantly. However, as long as we uphold the Party's overall leadership, defend the Two Establishments, achieve the Two Upholds, enhance our awareness of opportunities and risks, carry forward the spirit of struggle, establish bottom-line thinking, estimate difficulties more fully, think more deeply about risks, take the initiative, and fight the proactive battle, we will surely be able to continuously enhance reform momentum, remove reform resistance, consolidate reform achievements, effectively prevent and defuse all risks and challenges on the road of reform advance, foster new opportunities amid crises, open up new prospects amid changes, grasp historical initiative with a high degree of historical consciousness and firm historical confidence, and continuously write a new chapter in comprehensively deepening reform.

习近平总书记强调：“我们党一步步走过来，很重要的一条就是不断总结经验、提高本领，不断提高应对风险、迎接挑战、化险为夷的能力水平。要更好应对前进道路上各种可以预见和难以预见的风险挑战，必须从历史中获得启迪，从历史经验中提炼出克敌制胜的法宝。”中国共产党在内忧外患中诞生，在磨难挫折中成长，在战胜风险挑战中壮大，始终有着强烈的忧患意识、风险意识。一百多年来，正是一代代中国共产党人始终心存忧患、居安思危、未雨绸缪，有效防范、管理、处理各种风险，有力应对、处置、化解各种挑战，才团结带领中国人民战胜了一个又一个困难、取得了一个又一个胜利。习近平总书记在总结改革开放40年积累的宝贵经验时明确指出：“正是因为始终坚持党的集中统一领导，我们才能实现伟大历史转折、开启改革开放新时期和中华民族伟大复兴新征程，才能成功应对一系列重大风险挑战、克服无数艰难险阻，才能有力应变局、平风波、战洪水、防非典、抗地震、化危机，才能既不走封闭僵化的老路也不走改旗易帜的邪路，而是坚定不移走中国特色社会主义道路。”历史已经并将继续证明，党的全面领导是做好党和国家各项工作，推动党和国家事业不断发展的根本保证，是战胜改革前进道路上一切艰难险阻和风险挑战的“定海神针”。站在新的历史起点上，展望全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程，改革发展任务会更加艰巨，各种可以预见和难以预见的风险因素会明显增多。但是，只要我们坚持党的全面领导，捍卫“两个确立”、做到“两个维护”，增强机遇意识和风险意识，发扬斗争精神，树立底线思维，把困难估计得更充分一些，把风险思考得更深入一些，下好先手棋、打好主动仗，我们就一定能够不断提升改革动力、排除改革阻力、巩固改革成果，有效防范化解改革前进道路上的一切风险挑战，在危机中育新机、于变局中开新局，以高度的历史自觉、坚定的历史自信，把握历史主动，不断谱写出全面深化改革的崭新篇章。

(This article is a phased achievement of the project "Research on the Historical Evolution, Practical Paths, and Major Significance of Improving the System for Comprehensive and Strict Governance of the Party" (DJZX2025007) of the Research Center for Party Building in the New Era of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.)

（本文为中国社会科学院新时代党建研究中心项目“健全全面从严治党体系的历史演进、实践路径及重大意义研究”（DJZX2025007）阶段性成果）

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