Studying and Grasping the Latest Achievements of the Party's Innovative Theory

The fifth volume of *Xi Jinping: The Governance of China* is an authoritative work that comprehensively and systematically reflects the latest achievements of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. It records the vivid practice of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core in coordinating both domestic and international situations, fully implementing the new development philosophy, striving to promote high-quality development, further planning and promoting comprehensive deepening of reform, and pushing forward solid steps in building a modern socialist country in all respects. It centrally demonstrates the latest achievements in upholding the Two Integrations and adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times, and fully reflects the Party's latest contributions to promoting a community with a shared future for mankind.

《习近平谈治国理政》第五卷是全面系统反映习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想最新成果的权威著作，记录了以习近平同志为核心的党中央统筹国内国际两个大局，全面贯彻新发展理念，着力推动高质量发展，进一步谋划和推动全面深化改革，推动全面建设社会主义现代化国家迈出坚实步伐的生动实践，集中展现了坚持“两个结合”、推进马克思主义中国化时代化的最新成果，充分反映了党推动构建人类命运共同体的最新贡献。

Upholding Chinese-path modernization to comprehensively advance the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. The fifth volume of *Xi Jinping: The Governance of China* opens with and is led by General Secretary Xi Jinping's report at the 20th National Congress of the CPC, systematically elaborating the distinctive features, essential requirements, strategic arrangements, and major principles of Chinese-path modernization, and making a series of deployments for building a modern socialist country in all respects.

坚持以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴。《习近平谈治国理政》第五卷，以习近平总书记在党的二十大上的报告作为开篇、总领，系统阐述了中国式现代化的鲜明特色、本质要求、战略安排、重大原则，并对全面建设社会主义现代化国家作出了一系列部署。

The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC points out: "From now on, the central task of the Communist Party of China is to lead the people of all ethnic groups across the country to comprehensively build a great modern socialist country, achieve the Second Centenary Goal, and comprehensively advance the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization." According to the essential requirements of Chinese-path modernization, we must uphold comprehensive advancement, take high-quality development as the primary task, and take education, science and technology, and talent as the foundational and strategic support.

党的二十大报告指出：“从现在起，中国共产党的中心任务就是团结带领全国各族人民全面建成社会主义现代化强国、实现第二个百年奋斗目标，以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴。”根据中国式现代化的本质要求，必须坚持全面推进，以高质量发展为首要任务，以教育、科技、人才为基础性、战略性支撑。

General Secretary Xi Jinping has clearly pointed out that "Chinese-path modernization is a major achievement obtained by our Party leading the people of all ethnic groups across the country through long-term exploration and practice, enduring immense hardships and paying enormous costs." We have completed the industrialization process that took Western developed countries several hundred years in just a few decades, creating the miracles of rapid economic development and long-term social stability, and opening broad prospects for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Practice has proven that Chinese-path modernization works and is stable; it is the only correct path for building a strong country and achieving national rejuvenation. To uphold Chinese-path modernization to comprehensively advance the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, we must always adhere unwaveringly to the Party's overall leadership and correctly handle a series of major relationships, including those between top-level design and practical exploration, strategy and tactics, upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground, efficiency and fairness, vitality and order, and self-reliance and opening up to the outside world.

习近平总书记明确指出，“中国式现代化是我们党领导全国各族人民在长期探索和实践中历经千辛万苦、付出巨大代价取得的重大成果”。我们用几十年时间走完西方发达国家几百年走过的工业化历程，创造了经济快速发展和社会长期稳定的奇迹，为中华民族伟大复兴开辟了广阔前景。实践证明，中国式现代化走得通、行得稳，是强国建设、民族复兴的唯一正确道路。坚持以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴，必须始终坚持党的全面领导不动摇，正确处理好顶层设计与实践探索、战略与策略、守正与创新、效率与公平、活力与秩序、自立自强与对外开放等一系列重大关系。

Chinese-path modernization breaks the myth of "modernization equals Westernization," presents another picture of modernization, expands the path choices for developing countries to achieve modernization, and provides a Chinese solution for humanity's exploration of better social systems. Chinese-path modernization is deeply rooted in the excellent traditional Chinese culture while realizing the renewal of life and modern transformation of Chinese civilization; it embodies the advanced nature of scientific socialism while creating a new form of civilization for socialism with Chinese characteristics; it absorbs and draws on all excellent achievements of human civilization while presenting a new picture different from the Western modernization model. It is "a brand-new form of human civilization."

中国式现代化，打破了“现代化＝西方化”的迷思，展现了现代化的另一幅图景，拓展了发展中国家走向现代化的路径选择，为人类对更好社会制度的探索提供了中国方案。中国式现代化，既深深植根于中华优秀传统文化，又实现了中华文明的生命更新和现代转型；既体现了科学社会主义的先进本质，又开创了中国特色社会主义新型文明；既吸收借鉴了一切优秀人类文明成果，又展现了不同于西方现代化模式的新图景，“是一种全新的人类文明形态”。

Advancing Chinese-path modernization requires further comprehensively deepening reform. To implement the strategic deployments of the 20th National Congress of the CPC regarding Chinese-path modernization and turn the blueprint of Chinese-path modernization into reality, the fundamental approach lies in further comprehensively deepening reform, continuously improving various systems and mechanisms, and providing institutional guarantees for advancing Chinese-path modernization. The "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Advancing Chinese-Path Modernization" adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC is a concentrated expression of the Party Central Committee's planning and deployment of reform around the Party's central tasks.

推进中国式现代化必须进一步全面深化改革。我们要把党的二十大关于中国式现代化的这些战略部署落到实处，把中国式现代化蓝图变为现实，根本在于进一步全面深化改革，不断完善各方面体制机制，为推进中国式现代化提供制度保障。党的二十届三中全会通过的《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的决定》，是党中央围绕党的中心任务谋划和部署改革的集中体现。

Upholding the Two Integrations to continuously promote theoretical innovation, institutional innovation, and cultural innovation. The Two Integrations are a major theoretical innovation of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, the "only way" to open up and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics, and "the greatest magic weapon for our success."

坚持“两个结合”，不断推进理论创新、制度创新、文化创新。“两个结合”是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的重大理论创新，是开辟和发展中国特色社会主义的“必由之路”，“是我们取得成功的最大法宝”。

Why can the Communist Party of China do it? Why is socialism with Chinese characteristics good? Ultimately, it is because Marxism works, and because Marxism adapted to the Chinese context and the needs of the times works. On the one hand, it must be integrated with China's specific realities; we must proceed from reality in everything, continuously answer the questions of China, the world, the people, and the times, make correct answers that conform to China's actual conditions and the requirements of the times, arrive at scientific understandings that conform to objective laws, and form theoretical achievements that keep pace with the times. On the other hand, it must be integrated with the excellent traditional Chinese culture. Only by taking root in the fertile soil of one's own country, nation, history, and culture can the tree of Marxist truth grow deep and flourish. The First Integration emphasizes the modernization of Marxism, enabling Marxism to continuously stay at the forefront of the times and forever maintain its advanced nature; the Second Integration emphasizes the Sinicization of Marxism, enabling Marxism to possess Chinese charm, Chinese style, and Chinese manner, thereby firmly taking root in China. Over the past hundred years and more, it is precisely because Chinese Communists have upheld the Two Integrations, promoted Marxism to continuously achieve new leaps in adapting to the Chinese context and the needs of the times, and guided the people from victory to victory, that they have demonstrated the powerful force of truth and practice. Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era is a model of the Two Integrations and the essence of the times of Chinese culture and the Chinese spirit.

中国共产党为什么能，中国特色社会主义为什么好，归根到底是因为马克思主义行，是中国化时代化的马克思主义行。一方面，必须同中国具体实际相结合，必须坚持一切从实际出发，不断回答中国之问、世界之问、人民之问、时代之问，作出符合中国实际和时代要求的正确回答，得出符合客观规律的科学认识，形成与时俱进的理论成果。另一方面，必须同中华优秀传统文化相结合。只有植根于本国、本民族历史文化沃土，马克思主义真理之树才能根深叶茂。“第一个结合”注重马克思主义的时代化，使马克思主义不断走在时代前列，永葆先进性；“第二个结合”注重马克思主义的中国化，使马克思主义具有中国气韵、中国气派、中国风格，从而牢牢扎根中国。百余年来，中国共产党人正是因为坚持“两个结合”，推动马克思主义不断实现中国化时代化的新飞跃，并指导人民从胜利走向胜利，展示了强大的真理伟力和实践伟力。习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想是“两个结合”的典范，是中华文化和中国精神的时代精华。

The Second Integration is another ideological emancipation. It is our Party's profound summary of the historical experience of adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times, and a profound grasp of the laws of development of Chinese civilization. It shows that our Party's understanding of the Chinese path, theory, and system has reached a new height, that our Party's historical confidence and cultural confidence have reached a new height, and that our Party's consciousness in promoting cultural innovation while inheriting the excellent traditional Chinese culture has reached a new height. The proposal of the Second Integration reflects the great importance and repositioning of the excellent traditional Chinese culture by Chinese Communists in the New Era, realizes the connection and integration of the soul and the roots, enables us to fully utilize the precious resources of the excellent traditional Chinese culture in a broader cultural space, explore theoretical and institutional innovation facing the future, and realize the creative transformation and innovative development of the excellent traditional Chinese culture, so that Chinese civilization can regain its glory.

“第二个结合”是又一次的思想解放，是我们党对马克思主义中国化时代化历史经验的深刻总结，是对中华文明发展规律的深刻把握，表明我们党对中国道路、理论、制度的认识达至新高度，表明我们党的历史自信、文化自信达至新高度，表明我们党在传承中华优秀传统文化中推进文化创新的自觉性上达至新高度。“第二个结合”的提出，体现了新时代中国共产党人对中华优秀传统文化的高度重视、重新定位，实现了魂脉和根脉的贯通、融通，让我们能够在更广阔的文化空间中，充分运用中华优秀传统文化的宝贵资源，探索面向未来的理论和制度创新，并实现中华优秀传统文化的创造性转化和创新性发展，使中华文明重焕荣光。

Developing new quality productive forces according to local conditions to achieve high-quality development. The fifth volume of *Xi Jinping: The Governance of China* collects a series of important speeches by General Secretary Xi Jinping on new quality productive forces, representing the latest achievements of Xi Jinping's economic thought.

因地制宜发展新质生产力，实现高质量发展。《习近平谈治国理政》第五卷收录了习近平总书记关于新质生产力的一系列重要讲话，是习近平经济思想的最新成果。

In January 2024, when presiding over the 11th collective study session of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, General Secretary Xi Jinping systematically elaborated on the theoretical connotation and main characteristics of new quality productive forces. New quality productive forces are an advanced state of productive forces in which innovation plays the leading role, breaking away from traditional economic growth models and paths of productive forces development, characterized by high technology, high efficiency, and high quality, and conforming to the new development philosophy. They are spawned by revolutionary technological breakthroughs, innovative allocation of production factors, and deep industrial transformation and upgrading. Their basic connotation is the leap in laborers, means of labor, objects of labor, and their optimized combination, and their core marker is the substantial increase in total factor productivity. Their characteristic is innovation, their key lies in superior quality, and their essence is advanced productive forces. "Scientific and technological innovation can give rise to new industries, new models, and new drivers of growth; it is the core element for developing new quality productive forces." Why develop new quality productive forces? General Secretary Xi Jinping has clearly emphasized: "Developing new quality productive forces is an inherent requirement and an important focal point for promoting high-quality development." How to develop new quality productive forces? First, vigorously promote scientific and technological innovation. Second, promote industrial innovation through scientific and technological innovation. Third, strive to promote innovation in development models. Fourth, solidly promote innovation in systems and mechanisms. Fifth, deepen innovation in the talent work mechanism.

2024年1月，习近平总书记在主持中共中央政治局第十一次集体学习时系统阐述了新质生产力的理论内涵和主要特征。新质生产力是创新起主导作用，摆脱传统经济增长方式、生产力发展路径，具有高科技、高效能、高质量特征，符合新发展理念的先进生产力质态。它由技术革命性突破、生产要素创新性配置、产业深度转型升级而催生，以劳动者、劳动资料、劳动对象及其优化组合的跃升为基本内涵，以全要素生产率大幅提升为核心标志，特点是创新，关键在质优，本质是先进生产力。“科技创新能够催生新产业、新模式、新动能，是发展新质生产力的核心要素。”为什么要发展新质生产力？习近平总书记明确强调：“发展新质生产力是推动高质量发展的内在要求和重要着力点。”如何发展新质生产力？第一，大力推进科技创新。第二，以科技创新推动产业创新。第三，着力推进发展方式创新。第四，扎实推进体制机制创新。第五，深化人才工作机制创新。

In addition, General Secretary Xi Jinping also emphasized that developing new quality productive forces does not mean ignoring or abandoning traditional industries, and we must prevent a rush into action and bubble formation, nor should we adopt a single model. All localities should proceed from reality, establish the new before abolishing the old, adapt measures to local conditions, and provide classified guidance. They should, based on local resource endowments, industrial foundations, and scientific research conditions, selectively promote the development of new industries, new models, and new drivers of growth, use new technologies to transform and upgrade traditional industries, and actively promote the high-end, intelligent, and green development of industries.

此外，习近平总书记还强调，发展新质生产力不是要忽视、放弃传统产业，要防止一哄而上、泡沫化，也不要搞一种模式。各地要坚持从实际出发，先立后破、因地制宜、分类指导。要根据本地的资源禀赋、产业基础、科研条件等，有选择地推动新产业、新模式、新动能发展，用新技术改造提升传统产业，积极促进产业高端化、智能化、绿色化。

Upholding the "Three Global Initiatives," uniting the strength of the "Global South," and actively promoting the building of a community with a shared future for mankind. New concepts such as the "Global Civilization Initiative" and a series of new ideas and new judgments on the "Global South" in the fifth volume of *Xi Jinping: The Governance of China* reflect General Secretary Xi Jinping's new thinking on the development of human civilization.

坚持“三大全球倡议”，凝聚“全球南方”力量，积极推动构建人类命运共同体。《习近平谈治国理政》第五卷中的“全球文明倡议”等新概念和关于“全球南方”的一系列新思想新论断，体现了习近平总书记对人类文明发展的新思考。

Proposing the Global Civilization Initiative as a new pillar for building a community with a shared future for mankind. In March 2023, at the High-Level Dialogue between the Communist Party of China and World Political Parties, General Secretary Xi Jinping proposed the Global Civilization Initiative, advocating respect for the diversity of world civilizations, promotion of the common values of humanity, emphasis on the inheritance and innovation of civilizations, and strengthening of international people-to-people and cultural exchanges and cooperation.

提出全球文明倡议，构建人类命运共同体的新支柱。2023年3月，在中国共产党与世界政党高层对话会上，习近平总书记提出全球文明倡议，主张倡导尊重世界文明多样性、弘扬全人类共同价值、重视文明传承和创新、加强国际人文交流合作。

The Global Civilization Initiative, following the Global Development Initiative and the Global Security Initiative, is another important public good that China has provided to the international community. It provides new impetus for promoting the building of a community with a shared future for mankind and plays an important role in promoting exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations, transcending civilizational estrangement and conflict, enhancing mutual trust among civilizations, and reshaping the civilizational logic of the development of all countries and the international security order. The "Three Global Initiatives" complement each other and form an organic whole. They contribute Chinese wisdom and Chinese solutions to addressing the increasingly serious problems of the global peace deficit, development deficit, security deficit, and governance deficit, and are the "three pillars" for transforming the concept of building a community with a shared future for mankind into action and vision into reality.

全球文明倡议，是继全球发展倡议、全球安全倡议后，中国为国际社会提供的又一重要公共产品，为推动构建人类命运共同体提供了新动力，对于促进文明交流与互鉴、超越文明隔阂与冲突、增进文明互信、重塑世界各国发展和国际安全秩序的文明逻辑具有重要作用。“三大全球倡议”相辅相成、有机统一，为应对全球和平赤字、发展赤字、安全赤字、治理赤字不断加重的问题，贡献了中国智慧、中国方案，是把构建人类命运共同体理念转化为行动、愿景转化为现实的“三大支柱”。

Proposing the new topic of the "Global South" to unite important forces for promoting the building of a community with a shared future for mankind. In August 2023, in his speech at the closing ceremony of the BRICS Business Forum, General Secretary Xi Jinping clearly pointed out: "China firmly pursues an independent foreign policy of peace and is committed to promoting the building of a community with a shared future for mankind. As a developing country and a member of the 'Global South,' we always share the same breath and destiny with other developing countries, firmly safeguard the common interests of developing countries, and promote increasing the representation and voice of emerging market countries and developing countries in global affairs." In June 2024, in his speech at the Conference Marking the 70th Anniversary of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, General Secretary Xi Jinping clearly emphasized: "Looking around the world, the 'Global South' is growing in momentum and playing a pivotal role in promoting human progress. Standing at a new historical starting point, the 'Global South' should join hands and advance together with a more open and inclusive attitude, and walk at the forefront of promoting the building of a community with a shared future for mankind." In October 2024, in his speech at the "BRICS Plus" Leaders' Dialogue held in Kazan, Russia, General Secretary Xi Jinping further pointed out: "The collective rise of the 'Global South' is a distinct sign of the great changes in the world. The common march of 'Global South' countries toward modernization is a major event in world history and an unprecedented feat in the course of human civilization." These important statements by General Secretary Xi Jinping, from the broad perspective and strategic height of changes in the world, changes in the times, and changes in history, accurately grasp the current historical position of the "Global South," deeply perceive the major strategic significance of the rise of the "Global South," and provide a theoretical basis for guiding the common cause of the "Global South" to continue advancing.

提出“全球南方”新课题，凝聚推动构建人类命运共同体的重要力量。2023年8月，在金砖国家工商论坛闭幕式上的致辞中，习近平总书记明确指出：“中国坚定奉行独立自主的和平外交政策，致力于推动构建人类命运共同体。作为发展中国家、‘全球南方’的一员，我们始终同其他发展中国家同呼吸、共命运，坚定维护发展中国家共同利益，推动增加新兴市场国家和发展中国家在全球事务中的代表性和发言权。”2024年6月，习近平总书记在和平共处五项原则发表70周年纪念大会上的讲话中明确强调：“环顾世界，‘全球南方’声势卓然壮大，为推动人类进步发挥了举足轻重的作用。站在新的历史起点上，‘全球南方’应当以更加开放包容的姿态携手共进，走在推动构建人类命运共同体的前列。”2024年10月，在俄罗斯喀山举行的“金砖+”领导人对话会上的讲话中，习近平总书记又进一步指出：“‘全球南方’群体性崛起，是世界大变局的鲜明标志。‘全球南方’国家共同迈向现代化是世界历史上一件大事，也是人类文明进程中史无前例的壮举。”习近平总书记的这些重要论述，从世界之变、时代之变、历史之变的广阔视野和战略高度，准确把握了当前“全球南方”所处的历史方位，深刻洞察了“全球南方”崛起的重大战略意义，为引导“全球南方”共同事业不断前进提供了理论依据。

In short, the fifth volume of *Xi Jinping: The Governance of China* is rich in content and puts forward a series of new concepts, new ideas, and new strategies for governance. It is a new answer to a series of new major issues facing China's reform, development, and stability, internal and external affairs, national defense, and the governance of the Party, the state, and the military. It is a new development of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and an action guide for Party members, cadres, and the masses in the New Era to study and implement the Party's theoretical innovation.

总之，《习近平谈治国理政》第五卷内容丰富，提出了一系列治国理政新理念新思想新战略，是对我国改革发展稳定、内政外交国防、治党治国治军等面临的一系列新的重大课题的新回答，是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的新发展，是新时代党员干部群众学习贯彻党的理论创新的行动指南。

(The author is a research fellow at the Institute of Marxism of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)

（作者系中国社会科学院马克思主义研究院研究员）

Online editor: Tongxin

网络编辑：同心