Understanding the Distinctive Characteristics of Deepening Reform Comprehensively from the “Seven Focal Points”

At present, the cause of reform and opening up has entered a new critical period. The “Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Deepening Reform Comprehensively to Advance Chinese-path Modernization,” reviewed and adopted by the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC, explicitly proposes the “Seven Focal Points.”[1]1 “Seven Focal Points” – Refers to the seven key areas for comprehensively deepening reform proposed in the decision of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC.[2]2 The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC – The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, held in 2024, which reviewed and adopted the decision on further deepening reform comprehensively. This important thesis fully highlights the distinctive characteristic that the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, at a new historical stage, insists on the leadership core, firmly adheres to the development path, clarifies the forward goals, firmly grasps the value orientation, and runs through the problem orientation, continuously pushing the reform cause deeper.

当前，改革开放事业已进入到新的关键时期。党的二十届三中全会审议通过的《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革 推进中国式现代化的决定》中，明确提出了“七个聚焦”。这一重要论断充分凸显出以习近平同志为核心的党中央在新的历史阶段，坚持领导核心、坚定发展道路、明确前进目标、把牢价值取向、贯穿问题导向，不断将改革事业推向纵深发展的鲜明特质。

Adhering to the Leadership Core: Insist on Running Party Leadership through All Aspects and the Entire Process of Reform

坚持领导核心：坚持把党的领导贯穿于改革各方面全过程

One of the distinctive characteristics of deepening reform comprehensively lies in always placing the Communist Party of China in the leadership core position of the cause of reform and opening up. Possessing a strong leadership core is the key for a nation and a country to accomplish things well. The core of further deepening reform comprehensively and pushing the great cause of reform and opening up forward lies in always insisting on running Party leadership through all aspects, the entire process, and multiple fields of reform and opening up. The “Seven Focal Points” explicitly propose to “focus on improving the Party’s leadership level and long-term governance capacity,” which in essence means that in the process of insisting on the Party’s comprehensive leadership over the reform cause, continuously improving the Party’s governance capacity and level, and through two-way feedback, promoting the steady and sustained progress of deepening reform comprehensively.[3]3 “Dinghai Shenzhen” – Literally “the stabilizing needle in the sea,” a phrase from Chinese mythology (the magical iron pillar used by the Monkey King as a weapon), used here as a metaphor for a stabilizing force, referring to the CPC.

全面深化改革的鲜明特质之一在于始终将中国共产党置于改革开放事业的领导核心地位。拥有一个强有力的领导核心，是民族和国家办好事情的关键所在。进一步全面深化改革、将改革开放伟大事业推向前进的核心在于，要始终坚持将党的领导贯穿于改革开放的各方面、全过程、多领域。“七个聚焦”中明确提出要“聚焦提高党的领导水平和长期执政能力”，实则就是在坚持中国共产党全面领导改革事业的过程中，不断提升党的执政能力和水平，通过双向反哺，促进全面深化改革行稳致远。

First, always insisting on the leadership of the proletarian party is an important thought of Marxism on proletarian leadership. Since its founding, the Communist Party of China has always developed under the guidance of the Marxist scientific world outlook and methodology, and has always emphasized adhering to and strengthening the Party’s comprehensive leadership. This is a further enrichment of the Marxist theory of Party building, and also a political principle that the cause of deepening reform comprehensively should always adhere to.

第一，始终坚持无产阶级政党的领导，是马克思主义关于无产阶级领导权的重要思想。中国共产党自成立之日起，就始终在马克思主义科学世界观和方法论的指导下发展，始终强调坚持和加强党的全面领导，这是对马克思主义建党学说的进一步丰富，也是全面深化改革事业应当始终坚持的政治原则。

Second, history and practice have fully proved that the Communist Party of China is the stabilizing force supporting the Chinese nation to continuously move forward.[3]3 “Dinghai Shenzhen” – Literally “the stabilizing needle in the sea,” a phrase from Chinese mythology (the magical iron pillar used by the Monkey King as a weapon), used here as a metaphor for a stabilizing force, referring to the CPC. Over the past hundred years, the Communist Party of China has led the Chinese nation through the arduous process of standing up, growing rich, and becoming strong.[4]4 “Standing up, growing rich, and becoming strong” – A common Chinese political narrative: Mao Zedong’s era achieved national independence (standing up), the reform and opening-up period brought prosperity (growing rich), and the New Era aims for national strength (becoming strong). This is the rise of the Chinese nation and also the world-renowned great achievement of the Communist Party of China. Therefore, at the new historical juncture, the Communist Party of China is bound to continue to lead the Chinese nation to continuously make new breakthroughs, meet new expectations, and achieve new accomplishments in the course of deepening reform comprehensively.

第二，历史和实践充分证明，中国共产党是支撑中华民族不断向前的定海神针。百年来，中国共产党带领中华民族经历了站起来、富起来到强起来的艰辛历程，这是中华民族的崛起之路，也是中国共产党举世瞩目的伟大成就。因此，在新的历史方位上，中国共产党势必能够继续带领中华民族在全面深化改革的奋斗历程中不断取得新突破、满足新期盼、获得新成就。

In this regard, at the new important historical turning point, to further promote major breakthroughs in deepening reform comprehensively, it is necessary to always adhere to the comprehensive guidance of the Communist Party of China at both the theoretical innovation and reform practice levels. First, a series of important expositions by General Secretary Xi Jinping on deepening reform comprehensively, based on the basic principles of Marxism, profoundly sum up the important historical experience of the Chinese nation’s reform and opening up, and, on the basis of discerning the historical development trend, carefully sort out major issues concerning the reform theme, the reform subject, the reform goal, the reform path, the development direction, etc., constituting the theoretical framework for ensuring the steady and sustained progress of the reform cause. Second, it is necessary to always carry out systematic adjustments to the blockages, stuck points, pain points, and difficulties existing in the economic, political, cultural, social, ecological and other fields on the basis of the various strategic deployments and specific implementation measures made by the Communist Party of China for the cause of deepening reform comprehensively, realizing the all-round advancement of the comprehensive reform and opening up cause from the top-level design to all aspects.

就此而言，在新的重要历史关头，要想进一步推动全面深化改革取得重大突破，就要始终坚持中国共产党在创新理论和改革实践层面的全方位指导。其一，习近平总书记关于全面深化改革的一系列重要论述，基于马克思主义基本原理，深刻总结中华民族改革开放的重要历史经验，在洞悉历史发展态势的基础上，围绕改革主题、改革主体、改革目标、改革道路、发展方向等重大问题进行了细致梳理，是确保改革事业持续行稳致远的理论框架。其二，要始终在中国共产党对全面深化改革事业作出的各项战略部署、具体实施措施的基础上，对经济、政治、文化、社会、生态等各领域存在的堵点、卡点、痛点和难点进行系统性调整，实现全面改革开放事业从顶层设计到各个方面的全方位推进。

Adhering Firmly to the Development Path: Unswervingly Follow the Political Development Path of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics

坚定发展道路：坚定不移走中国特色社会主义政治发展道路

The second distinctive characteristic of deepening reform comprehensively is that the Party and the state always hold high the banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics and unswervingly follow the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics. The proposal of the “Seven Focal Points” points out the specific reform direction for further deepening reform comprehensively, but fundamentally, no matter which aspect is reformed, the fundamental path forward must always be firmly adhered to. The issue of holding high the banner and setting the direction is a fundamental issue that ensures the cause of reform and opening up always advances in the correct direction.[5]5 “Juqi dingxiang” – A four-character idiom meaning “to hold high the banner and set the direction,” referring to clarifying the political course and orientation. The path of socialism with Chinese characteristics realizes the dialectical unity of scientific theory and the historical development logic of Chinese society. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC reaffirmed that it is necessary to unswervingly follow the political development path of socialism with Chinese characteristics. The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core emphasizes that it is necessary to always keep a clear head and ensure that reform and opening up do not shift or deviate in the correct direction of the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

全面深化改革的鲜明特质之二在于，党和国家始终高举中国特色社会主义旗帜，坚定不移走中国特色社会主义道路。“七个聚焦”的提出，为进一步全面深化改革指明了具体改革方向，但究其根本，无论是对哪一方面进行改革，都要始终坚定前进的根本道路。举旗定向的问题，是确保改革开放事业始终朝着正确方向前进的根本性问题。中国特色社会主义道路实现了科学理论和中国社会历史发展逻辑辩证统一的方向选择。党的二十届三中全会再度强调，必须坚定不移走中国特色社会主义政治发展道路。以习近平同志为核心的党中央强调要始终保持头脑清醒，保证改革与开放始终在中国特色社会主义道路的正确方向上不移位、不偏离。

Always insisting that deepening reform comprehensively advance along the development path of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the correct path explored by the Communist Party of China in its century-long struggle to lead the Chinese nation to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. After many failed explorations, the development path of socialism with Chinese characteristics has not only led the Chinese nation to find new dawn in the humiliating course of modern times, but has also led China to achieve a great leap in comprehensive national strength and the people’s living standards, realizing the “First Centenary” goal.[6]6 The “First Centenary” goal – The goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects by the centenary of the founding of the CPC (2021). These world-renowned great achievements fully prove the correctness and scientificity of adhering to the development path of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Over the past 46 years, the Party and the state have, starting from the top-level design, continuously promoted in-depth reforms in various fields. At the economic level, China has continuously pushed its economic system from a planned economy toward a socialist market economy, thereby achieving a great liberation of social productive forces and greatly improving the people’s material living conditions; in terms of the pattern of reform and opening up, it has moved from an initial partial development based on points, lines, and surfaces to all-round opening up; in terms of the construction of the rule of law, it has continuously improved the construction of a socialist rule-of-law country, ensuring China’s social development and pushing China toward fairness and justice, and so on. The significant progress and major breakthroughs in various fields fully prove that, at the new historical juncture, the development path of socialism with Chinese characteristics can still continue to ensure that China’s reform and opening up cause moves from victory to new victory.

始终坚持全面深化改革沿着中国特色社会主义发展道路前进，是中国共产党在百年奋斗历程中探索找到的，能够带领中华民族实现伟大复兴的正确道路。经历了多次失败探索，中国特色社会主义发展道路不仅带领中华民族在近代屈辱历程中找到了新的曙光，也带领我国实现了综合国力和人民生活水平的极大跃升，实现了“第一个百年”奋斗目标。这些举世瞩目的伟大成就，充分证明了坚持中国特色社会主义发展道路的正确性与科学性。四十六年来，党和国家从顶层设计出发，持续推动各领域深入改革。在经济层面，不断推动我国的经济体制由计划经济转向社会主义市场经济，以此实现社会生产力的极大解放，使人民的物质生活条件得到极大的改善；在改革开放格局方面，由最开始的以点、线、面为基础的局部发展，不断转向全方位开放；在法治建设层面，持续完善社会主义法治国家建设，保障中国社会发展，推动我国不断走向公平与正义等等。各个领域的长足进展和重大突破充分证明了，在新的历史方位上，中国特色社会主义发展道路依旧能够继续确保中国的改革开放事业从胜利走向新的胜利。

The reason why China’s socialism is full of vitality is precisely because of its inherent Chinese characteristics; in other words, it lies in the “Two Integrations.”[7]7 Household contract responsibility system – A rural reform system in which households contract land from the collective and are responsible for their own profits and losses. And precisely because of this, the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics is a correct path that combines historical inheritance, cultural confidence, and scientific theory, capable of always leading the Chinese nation to catch up with the times in the course of continuous reform and step onto the broad road of leading development. Therefore, in the future historical process of deepening reform comprehensively, we must continue to strengthen confidence in the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics and unswervingly forge ahead bravely along this correct path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

中国的社会主义之所以生机勃勃，充满活力，关键就在于其内在的中国特色，换言之就在于“两个结合”，也正因此，中国特色社会主义道路是兼具历史传承、文化自信、科学理论的正确道路，能够始终带领中华民族在持续改革的过程中大踏步赶上时代，走上引领发展的康庄大道。因此，未来在全面深化改革的历史进程中，要继续坚定中国特色社会主义道路自信，坚定不移沿着中国特色社会主义这条正确道路奋勇前进。

Firmly Grasping the Value Orientation: Insist on Reform for the People and Reform Relying on the People

把牢价值取向：坚持改革为了人民、改革依靠人民

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “Reform and opening up are the cause of hundreds of millions of people themselves.” The third distinctive characteristic of deepening reform comprehensively is that the Party and the state always respect the people’s initiative and place the people at the starting point and end point of the cause of reform and opening up. “For whom” and “by whom” to deepen reform comprehensively are the basic questions that China’s reform and opening up cause has always faced. The “Seven Focal Points” seem to be reduced to seven different angles, but in essence, they are all about continuously safeguarding the fundamental interests of the broadest masses of the people in all aspects through reform and opening up, thereby continuously improving the people’s well-being.

习近平总书记指出：“改革开放是亿万人民自己的事业”。全面深化改革的鲜明特质之三在于，党和国家始终尊重人民首创精神，将人民群众置于改革开放事业的出发点和落脚点。全面深化改革“为谁而改”“谁来改革”，这是中国改革开放事业一直以来面临的基本问题。“七个聚焦”看似归结为七个不同角度，但实则归根到底都是通过改革开放，持续维护最广大人民群众在各方面的根本利益，从而不断增进人民福祉。

In the process of deepening reform comprehensively, always reforming for the people and relying on the people to reform is determined by the original aspiration and founding mission of the Communist Party of China.[9]9 Original aspiration and founding mission – A term referring to the original goal and mission of the CPC: to seek happiness for the Chinese people and rejuvenation for the Chinese nation. The people’s stand is a distinctive sign that distinguishes Marxist political parties from other political parties, and it is also the fundamental political stand of the Communist Party of China. Since its founding, the Communist Party of China has always taken serving the people wholeheartedly as its purpose. The all-round advancement of the reform cause is only aimed at realizing, safeguarding, and developing the fundamental interests of the broadest masses of the people. It can be said that the Communist Party of China has always been consistent and unswerving in its people’s stand.

在全面深化改革过程中始终为了人民而改革，依靠人民而改革，这是中国共产党的初心使命决定的。人民立场是马克思主义政党区别于其他政党的显著标志，也是中国共产党的根本政治立场。中国共产党自成立以来，就始终将全心全意为人民服务作为自身的宗旨。改革事业的全方位推进都只为实现好、维护好、发展好最广大人民的根本利益。可以说，中国共产党始终在人民立场上一以贯之、坚定不移。

Deepening reform comprehensively requires the extensive participation of the people, which is the mighty driving force for the continuous advancement of deepening reform comprehensively. Marxism holds that historical activities are the activities of the masses, and the people are the decisive force of social change. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC, starting from the people’s main force, pointed out that the people, especially high-quality, high-level, and high-skilled talents, are the basic and strategic support for deepening reform comprehensively and continuously advancing Chinese-path modernization.

全面深化改革需要人民群众的广泛参与，这是全面深化改革能够持续推进的磅礴动力。马克思主义认为，历史活动是群众的活动，人民群众是社会变革的决定力量。党的二十届三中全会围绕人民主体力量出发指出，人民群众特别是高素质、高质量、高水平的人才，是全面深化改革、持续推进中国式现代化的基础性、战略性支撑。

In this regard, the reform cause should be widely participated in and fully promoted by the Chinese people; the fruits of reform should be shared by all the people; whether the reform effectiveness meets the standard should be judged by the people themselves; the continuous advancement of the reform cause should, in the final analysis, continuously meet the new requirements, new expectations, and new aspirations put forward by the people.

就此而言，改革事业应当由中国人民广泛参与、全力推动；改革成果应当由全体人民共同享有；改革成效是否达标，应当由人民群众自行评判；改革事业的持续推进，归根到底是要不断满足人民群众提出的新要求、新期盼、新憧憬。

Running Through the Problem Orientation: Implement the Cause of Deepening Reform Comprehensively in Specific Aspects

贯穿问题导向：将全面深化改革事业落实到具体方面

The fourth distinctive characteristic of deepening reform comprehensively is that the Party and the state always uphold the problem awareness, take problems as the orientation, and advance reform and opening up into all aspects of Chinese-path modernization construction. The “Seven Focal Points” proposed at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC involve the economic system, the democratic system, public cultural undertakings, the quality of people’s life, national security, and the building of the ruling party, among other aspects. In other words, the “Seven Focal Points” clearly respond to the questions of “what to reform” and “how to reform” in deepening reform comprehensively, further concretizing the reform goals.

全面深化改革的鲜明特质之四在于，党和国家始终秉持问题意识，以问题为导向，将改革与开放推进到中国式现代化建设的各个方面。党的二十届三中全会上所提出的“七个聚焦”，涉及经济体制、民主制度、公共文化事业、人民生活品质、国家安全以及执政党建设等方方面面。质言之，“七个聚焦”明确回应了全面深化改革“改什么”“如何改”的问题，进一步将改革目标具体化。

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “Reform is forced by problems and deepened in the process of constantly solving problems.” From lagging behind the times to catching up with the times, and then to leading the times, China’s reform and opening up cause has shown the characteristics of stage-by-stage development. The achievements are the result of the Communist Party of China making targeted strategic deployments for the cause of reform and opening up in different historical stages. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC, focusing on fifteen aspects including the market economy system, the national innovation system, the integrated development of urban and rural areas, opening up to the outside world, the political system, the legal system, the cultural system and mechanism, the people’s livelihood system, and the ecological civilization system, put forward new theses and made new deployments, seeking specific solutions to the special contradictions faced in the reform process, making reform and opening up more targeted, specific, and directional.

习近平总书记指出：“改革是由问题倒逼而产生，又在不断解决问题中得以深化。”从落后于时代，到赶上时代，再到引领时代，中国的改革开放事业呈现出阶段性发展的特点，成就的取得是中国共产党在不同历史阶段对改革开放事业作出针对性战略部署的结果。党的二十届三中全会围绕市场经济体制、国家创新体系、城乡融合发展、对外开放、政治体系、法治体系、文化体制机制、民生制度体系、生态文明制度等十五个方面提出新论断、做出新部署，针对改革过程中所面临的特殊矛盾，寻求特定的破解之道，让改革开放更具针对性、特殊性和指向性。

At present, China faces new situations, new problems, and new circumstances. In the process of further comprehensively promoting reform, the Party and the state should focus on the current changing domestic and international situation, the development trend of the new round of technological revolution and industrial revolution, as well as the people’s new expectations, take problems as the orientation, discover problems in reform, seek solutions to problems in problems, promote reform with problems, promote development with reform, and continuously open up broad prospects for Chinese-path modernization construction.

当前，我国面临新形势、新问题和新境况，在进一步全面推进改革的过程当中，党和国家应该着眼于当前变动不居的国内外局势、新一轮科技革命和产业革命发展态势，以及人民群众的新期待，以问题为导向，在改革中发现问题，在问题中寻求解题之道，以问题促改革、以改革促发展，不断为中国式现代化建设开辟广阔前景。

Adhering to the Systemic Concept: Promoting Overall Change with Partial Adjustments

坚持系统观念：以局部调整促进全局变革

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “Advancing Chinese-path modernization is a systematic project that requires overall consideration, systematic planning, and holistic advancement.” The fifth distinctive characteristic of deepening reform comprehensively is that the Party and the state adhere to systemic integration, focusing on coordination, intrinsic fit, and synergistic progress among all links, aspects, fields, levels, and regions. The proposal of the “Seven Focal Points” means that deepening reform comprehensively needs to focus on solving a series of major difficulties, properly handling the relationship between the whole and parts of top-level design and specific fields, properly handling the coordination relationship between development and security, properly handling the synergistic relationship among different fields such as economy, politics, ecology, and security, and also properly handling the co-progress relationship between reform and opening up, and so on. Adhere to the systemic concept, jointly plan, jointly deploy, jointly implement, and jointly advance, promoting development through synergy and promoting reform through development.

习近平总书记指出：“推进中国式现代化是一个系统工程，需要统筹兼顾、系统谋划、整体推进”。全面深化改革的鲜明特质之五在于，党和国家坚持系统集成，注重各环节、各方面、各领域、各层级、各地区之间协调统一、内在契合与协同共进。“七个聚焦”的提出，意味着全面深化改革需要着力解决好一系列重大难题，处理好顶层设计与具体领域之间整体与部分的关系，处理好发展与安全之间的协调关系，处理好经济、政治、生态、安全等不同领域之间协同关系，还要处理好改革与开放之间的共进关系等等。坚持系统观念，共同谋划、共同部署、共同实施、共同推进，以协同促发展、以发展促改革。

Deepening reform comprehensively must always adhere to the systemic concept, which is determined by the complexity of the cause of reform and opening up. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “To plan and promote reform, we must adhere to the systemic concept and overall concept, strengthen strategic thinking and dialectical thinking, prioritize tasks, and pay more attention to systemic integration.” Since the reform and opening up in 1978, China has expanded reform from the economic system to many fields such as politics, culture, society, and ecology, and expanded the scope of reform from the initial eastern coastal areas to the inland areas; from the household contract responsibility system in rural areas extended to the urban economic system reform, making the cause of reform and opening up show a progressive development characteristic from points to lines to surfaces.[7]7 Household contract responsibility system – A rural reform system in which households contract land from the collective and are responsible for their own profits and losses.

全面深化改革要始终坚持系统观念，这是由改革开放事业的复杂性所决定的。习近平总书记指出：“谋划和推进改革，必须坚持系统观念、全局观念，强化战略思维、辩证思维，分轻重缓急，更加注重系统集成。”自1978年改革开放以来，我国将改革从经济体制拓展到政治文化社会生态等众多领域，将改革范围由最初的东部沿海地区拓展到内陆地区；从农村的家庭联产承包责任制延伸到到城市经济体制改革，使改革开放事业呈现出由点到线及面的渐进式发展特点。

Deepening reform comprehensively must always adhere to the systemic concept, which is also determined by the current situation of deepening reform comprehensively. The Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the CPC achieved a breakthrough from partial adjustment to comprehensive breakthrough, pushing the cause of reform and opening up forward in depth.[10]10 The Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the CPC – Held in 2013, it was devoted to the study of comprehensively deepening reform and adopted the framework for the reform. The more content and the wider the fields involved in reform, the more necessary it is for all levels to link up and down, and to play the combination of reform.

全面深化改革要始终坚持系统观念，也是由当前全面深化改革的现状所决定的。党的十八届三中全会实现了由局部调整向全面突破的破冰探索，使改革开放事业向纵深推进。改革所涉及的内容愈多、领域愈广，就越需要各层级上下联动，打好改革开放的组合拳。

In the next stage, deepening reform comprehensively will become increasingly complex; therefore, it is necessary to plan further comprehensive deepening reform under the framework of the “Five-Sphere Integrated Plan” overall layout and the coordinated promotion of the “Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy” strategic layout,[11]11 The “Five-Sphere Integrated Plan” – The overall layout for the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics, comprising economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological-civilization construction.[12]12 The “Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy” – A strategic layout that includes comprehensively building a modern socialist country, comprehensively deepening reform, comprehensively governing the country according to law, and comprehensively governing the Party strictly. to coordinate and deploy systematic reforms in various fields such as economic system reform, political system and mechanism, public utilities development, national security system, ecological and environmental fields, and high-level opening-up pattern, to pay attention to the coordination between the concretization and comprehensiveness of reform, and to enhance the systemic, holistic, and synergistic nature of reform.

接下来全面深化改革将愈发繁杂，因而要在统筹推进“五位一体”总体布局、协调推进“四个全面”战略布局的框架下谋划进一步全面深化改革，统筹部署经济体制改革、政治体制机制、公共事业发展、国家安全体系、生态环境领域、高水平开放格局等各领域系统改革，注重改革的具体化与全面性相协调，增强改革系统性、整体性、协同性。

(Liu Zongling, Vice Dean and Professor of the School of Marxism, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Jiang Ruibing, School of Marxism, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China)

（刘宗灵，电子科技大学马克思主义学院副院长，教授；蒋蕊冰，电子科技大学马克思主义学院）

Online editor: Huihui

网络编辑：慧慧