Coordinated Advancement of High-Quality Development and High-Level Protection

In his important speech at the National Conference on Ecological and Environmental Protection, General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed that to continue advancing eco-environmental progress, we must correctly handle the relationships between high-quality development and high-level protection, between focused breakthroughs and coordinated governance, between natural restoration and artificial rehabilitation, between external constraints and internal motivation, and between the "dual carbon" commitments[1]1 "Dual carbon" commitments – China's pledges to reach peak carbon emissions by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. and independent action. The General Secretary's important speech provides the fundamental guidance for comprehensively building a beautiful China and accelerating the modernization of harmony between humanity and nature. Properly handling these five major relationships begins with correctly managing the relationship between high-quality development and high-level protection. We must firmly establish the concept that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets[2]2 "Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets" – a well-known slogan coined by Xi Jinping emphasizing the intrinsic value of ecological environment., fully recognize that green development is the distinctive underpinning of high-quality development, and ensure that development is based on efficient resource use and strict ecological and environmental protection, thereby coordinating the advancement of high-quality development and high-level protection.

习近平总书记在全国生态环境保护大会上的重要讲话中强调，继续推进生态文明建设，必须正确处理高质量发展和高水平保护、重点攻坚和协同治理、自然恢复和人工修复、外部约束和内生动力、“双碳”承诺和自主行动的关系。总书记的重要讲话为全面推进美丽中国建设、加快推进人与自然和谐共生的现代化提供了根本遵循。正确处理这五个重大关系，摆在首位的是正确处理高质量发展和高水平保护的关系。我们要牢固树立绿水青山就是金山银山理念，充分认识绿色发展是高质量发展的鲜明底色，使发展建立在高效利用资源、严格保护生态环境的基础上，统筹推进高质量发展和高水平保护。

I. Correctly Understanding the Relationship between High-Quality Development and High-Level Protection

一、正确认识高质量发展和高水平保护的关系

Ecological protection and economic development are not a binary choice. General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out that we must correctly handle the relationship between economic development and ecological environment protection, firmly establish the concept that protecting the ecological environment means protecting productive forces and improving the ecological environment means developing productive forces, more consciously promote green, circular, and low-carbon development, and never sacrifice the environment for temporary economic growth. High-quality development is the prerequisite for high-level protection; high-level protection is an important support for high-quality development and can enhance its quality. High-quality development provides financial, technological, and market support for high-level protection, and high-quality development can only be achieved through high-level protection. The two complement and reinforce each other.

生态保护与经济发展并不是“二选一”的选择题。习近平总书记指出，要正确处理好经济发展同生态环境保护的关系，牢固树立保护生态环境就是保护生产力、改善生态环境就是发展生产力的理念，更加自觉地推动绿色发展、循环发展、低碳发展，决不以牺牲环境为代价去换取一时的经济增长。高质量发展是高水平保护的前提，高水平保护是高质量发展的重要支撑，能够提升高质量发展的品质。高质量发展为高水平保护提供财政、科技和市场支持，高质量发展依靠高水平保护才能实现，两者相辅相成、相得益彰。

High-quality development is the prerequisite for high-level protection. Development is an eternal theme for humanity and the primary task of the Party in governing and rejuvenating the country. High-quality development is development that meets the people's growing needs for a better life, of which a sound ecological environment is an indispensable and important aspect. The new mission tasks and new development environment have raised higher and more urgent requirements for achieving effective qualitative improvement and reasonable quantitative growth of the economy. "Unbalanced and inadequate development" is a prominent manifestation of low-quality development. We must shift from quantitative expansion to qualitative improvement in economic development, from primarily addressing "whether there is enough" to addressing "whether it is good" and "whether it is optimal." We must implement the new development philosophy, place the issue of development quality in a more prominent position, and strive to improve development quality and efficiency. On the new journey, we must use high-quality development to promote a comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development, develop green and low-carbon industries, and advocate green consumption. Only when the economy and society achieve high-quality development can we provide a reliable material foundation for eco-environmental progress and a solid guarantee for building a modern socialist country.

高质量发展是高水平保护的前提。发展是人类永恒的主题，是党执政兴国的第一要务。高质量发展是满足人民美好生活需要的发展，优良生态环境是不可或缺的重要方面。新的使命任务和新的发展环境对经济实现质的有效提升和量的合理增长提出了更高、更为紧迫的要求。“不平衡不充分的发展”是发展质量不高的突出表现，必须推动经济发展从量的扩张转向质的提升，从主要解决“有没有”转向解决“好不好”、“优不优”。必须贯彻新发展理念，把发展质量问题摆在更为突出的位置，着力提升发展质量和效益。新征程上，必须以高质量发展推动经济社会发展全面绿色转型，发展绿色低碳产业，倡导绿色消费。只有经济社会实现高质量发展，才能为生态文明建设提供可靠的物质基础，为社会主义现代化国家建设提供坚强保障。

High-level protection is an important support for high-quality development. High-level protection is a key component of eco-environmental progress, and it is through high-level protection that we can achieve eco-priority, green, and low-carbon high-quality development. High-level protection can, through means such as ecological and environmental zoning control and optimizing the spatial pattern of territorial development and protection, guard the gateway and maintain the bottom line for high-quality development. By synergizing pollution reduction and carbon reduction and raising environmental standards, it can promote the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure, energy structure, and transportation structure, thereby supporting high-quality development. General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out that protecting the ecological environment means protecting productive forces and improving the ecological environment means developing productive forces. High-level protection provides high-quality ecological products for high-quality development, opening up the conversion pathway between lucid waters and lush mountains and invaluable assets. The ecological environment is the material foundation for economic and social development, and a sound ecological environment is a key factor and internal driver of high-quality development. High-level protection directly improves the quality of the ecological environment and enhances the quality of high-quality development. By improving the mechanism for realizing the value of ecological products and the horizontal ecological protection compensation mechanism, accelerating the innovation and application of green science and technology and advanced green technologies, and building efficient eco-green industrial clusters, we can further demonstrate that a sound ecological environment itself contains enormous economic value. As resource and environmental constraints become more pronounced in China, economic reproduction is increasingly dependent on ecological protection and optimization.

高水平保护是高质量发展的重要支撑。高水平保护是生态文明建设的重要内容，依靠高水平保护才能实现生态优先、绿色低碳的高质量发展。高水平保护可以通过生态环境分区管控、优化国土空间开发保护格局等手段，为高质量发展把住关口、守好底线。通过减污降碳协同增效和环境标准提升，推动产业结构、能源结构、交通运输结构转型升级，助力高质量发展。习近平总书记指出，保护生态环境就是保护生产力，改善生态环境就是发展生产力。高水平保护为高质量发展提供优质的生态产品，打通绿水青山与金山银山之间的转化通道。生态环境是经济社会发展的物质基础，良好的生态环境是高质量发展的关键因素和内在动力。高水平保护直接改善生态环境质量，提升高质量发展的品质。通过完善生态产品价值实现机制和横向生态保护补偿机制，加快绿色科技创新和先进绿色技术推广应用，打造高效生态绿色产业集群，能够进一步体现出良好生态环境本身也蕴含着巨大的经济价值。随着我国资源环境约束力的进一步体现，经济再生产越来越依赖于生态环境的保护和优化。

High-quality development and high-level protection are consistent in essence and goals. High-quality development is development that embodies the new development philosophy—development where innovation is the primary driver, coordination is an inherent feature, green is a universal form, openness is the only path, and sharing is the fundamental goal. High-level protection is protection that provides a foundation for high-quality economic development by transforming development models, adjusting regional economic layout and industrial structure, replacing old growth drivers with new ones, and developing environmental industries. On the one hand, a sound ecological environment is both a factor of productive forces and an important part of high-quality development. On the other hand, coordinating the systematic governance of mountains, waters, forests, farmlands, grasslands, and deserts, promoting harmony between humanity and nature, and increasing the "gold content" and "green content" of economic development are inherent requirements of high-quality development. High-quality development inevitably sets newer and higher demands for ecological protection. Promoting high-quality development aims to break away from the traditional economic growth model and path of productivity development characterized by high consumption, heavy pollution, and low efficiency, and to achieve economic development with less resource and energy consumption and environmental cost.

高质量发展与高水平保护在本质和目标上一致。高质量发展是体现新发展理念的发展，是创新成为第一动力、协调成为内生特点、绿色成为普遍形态、开放成为必由之路、共享成为根本目的的发展。高水平保护是通过转变发展方式，调整区域经济布局和产业结构，转换新旧动能，发展环保产业，为经济高质量发展提供基础的保护。一方面，良好的生态环境既是生产力的要素之一，也是高质量发展的重要内容。另一方面，统筹山水林田湖草沙系统治理，促进人与自然和谐共生，提升经济发展“含金量”和“含绿量”，是高质量发展的应有之义。高质量发展必然对生态保护提出更新更高的要求。推动高质量发展，目的在于摆脱消耗高、污染重、效率低的传统经济增长方式和生产力发展路径，以较少的资源能源消耗、环境代价实现经济发展。

II. Coordinated Advancement of High-Quality Development and High-Level Protection Is an Inherent Requirement of Chinese-Path Modernization

二、统筹推进高质量发展和高水平保护是中国式现代化的内在要求

Advancing Chinese-path modernization is a systematic project that requires integrated planning, coordination, and holistic promotion. How to handle the relationship between humanity and nature is an inevitable issue in modernization. In recent years, China has implemented a number of key ecological protection and restoration projects, including soil and water conservation, returning farmland to forest, returning grazing to grassland, natural forest protection, the Three-North Shelterbelt Forest Program[3]3 Three-North Shelterbelt Forest Program – a large-scale ecological afforestation project spanning northwest, north, and northeast China, launched in 1978., wetland protection and restoration, wildlife protection and nature reserve construction, etc. The quality of the ecological environment has continuously improved, laying a solid foundation for coordinating high-quality development and high-level protection and building a modernization in which humanity and nature coexist harmoniously.

推进中国式现代化是一项系统工程，需要统筹兼顾、系统谋划、整体推进。如何处理人与自然的关系，是实现现代化必然面临的问题。近年来，我国实施了水土保持、退耕还林、退牧还草、天然林保护、三北防护林、湿地保护与恢复、野生动植物保护及自然保护区建设等一批重点生态保护和建设工程，生态环境质量持续改善，为统筹推进高质量发展和高水平保护，建设人与自然和谐共生的现代化打下坚实基础。

It is an inevitable requirement for harmony between humanity and nature. The relationship between humanity and nature is the most fundamental relationship in human society; the development of nature and human development influence, constrain, and interconnect with each other. Modernization is the transformation from traditional agricultural society to modern industrial society driven by modern industry, science, and technology since the Industrial Revolution in the late eighteenth century, bringing profound changes in economy, politics, culture, ecology, and other aspects. Western modernization reduces the relationship between humanity and nature to a purely instrumental one, following the path of "pollute first, treat later," which severely damages the harmonious relationship between humanity and nature. At the Leaders' Summit of the 15th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity[4]4 Leaders' Summit of the 15th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity – a high-level summit held in Kunming, China, in October 2021. in 2021, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, "We must build a homeland on earth where humanity and nature coexist harmoniously, a homeland on earth where economy and environment advance together, and a homeland on earth where all countries develop together." Chinese-path modernization is the modernization of harmony between humanity and nature. Respecting, conforming to, and protecting nature are inherent requirements for comprehensively building a modern socialist country. We must focus on building a beautiful China, accelerate the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development, improve the ecological environment governance system, and promote harmonious development between humanity and nature.

人与自然和谐共生的必然要求。人与自然的关系是人类社会最基本的关系，自然的发展和人类的发展相互影响、相互制约、相互联系。现代化是18世纪后期工业革命以来，以现代工业、科学和技术革命为动力所引发的从传统农业社会向现代工业社会的变革，带来了经济、政治、文化、生态环境等全方位的深刻变化。西方现代化把人与自然的关系归结为工具性关系，走的是先污染后治理的道路，严重破坏了人与自然的和谐关系。习近平总书记2021年在《生物多样性公约》第十五次缔约方大会领导人峰会上指出，“我们要构建人与自然和谐共生的地球家园，构建经济与环境协同共进的地球家园，构建世界各国共同发展的地球家园”。中国式现代化是人与自然和谐共生的现代化，尊重自然、顺应自然、保护自然，是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的内在要求。要聚焦美丽中国建设，加快经济社会发展全面绿色转型，健全生态环境治理体系，促进人与自然和谐发展。

It is an inevitable choice for eco-environmental progress. Eco-environmental progress requires coordinating high-quality development and high-level protection. From the perspective of a grand historical view, modernization is a universal pursuit of countries worldwide, and achieving modernization has been the dream of the Chinese people since modern times. General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out that Chinese-path modernization not only shares common characteristics with the modernization of all countries but also has distinctive features based on its own national conditions. Building a modernization in which humanity and nature coexist harmoniously is a distinctive feature of Chinese-path modernization. Currently, China's eco-environmental progress is still in a critical period of overlapping pressures and heavy burdens; the pressure on the ecological environment remains significant, improvements are not yet stable, and tasks in ecological and environmental protection remain arduous. High-quality development not only requires a leap in productive forces but also the proper handling of relationships between humanity and nature, between people, between people and society, and between people and themselves. As resource and environmental constraints become more evident in China, high-quality development increasingly depends on ecological construction and environmental protection. To advance Chinese-path modernization, we must deeply grasp the relationship between economic and social development and ecological environmental protection in the process of promoting eco-environmental progress.

生态文明建设的必然选择。生态文明建设要求统筹高质量发展和高水平保护。从大历史观来看，现代化是世界各国的普遍追求，实现现代化是近代以来中国人民矢志奋斗的梦想。习近平总书记指出，中国式现代化既有各国现代化的共同特征，更有基于自己国情的鲜明特色。建设人与自然和谐共生的现代化是中国式现代化的鲜明特点。当前，我国生态文明建设仍处于压力叠加、负重前行的关键期，生态环境压力依然较大、生态环境改善还不牢固，生态环境保护任务依然艰巨。高质量发展不仅要求推动生产力的跃升，也要处理好人与自然、人与人、人与社会、人与自身之间的关系。随着我国资源环境约束力的进一步显现，高质量发展越来越依赖于生态建设和环境保护。推进中国式现代化，必须在推进生态文明建设中深刻把握经济社会发展和生态环境保护的关系。

It is an objective need for developing new quality productive forces[5]5 New quality productive forces – a concept introduced by Xi Jinping to describe productivity driven by technological innovation, green development, and advanced factors, distinct from traditional productivity.. General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out: "Green development is the underpinning of high-quality development, and new quality productive forces themselves are green productive forces." This important thesis profoundly elucidates the inherent relationship between new quality productive forces and green productive forces, providing theoretical support for the integrated development of new quality productive forces and green productive forces. Developing new quality productive forces requires that, while developing the economy, we must fully consider the carrying capacity of the ecological environment and achieve the organic unification of economic, social, and ecological benefits; it requires a new round of technological revolution represented by intelligent technology and green technology to lead the leap in productive forces and promote the green and low-carbon transformation and development of economic, industrial, and energy structures. General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out: "Developing new quality productive forces is the inherent requirement and key focus of promoting high-quality development." This important thesis profoundly elucidates the intrinsic connection between developing new quality productive forces and advancing high-quality development. Firmly establishing and practicing the concept that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets, unswervingly following the path of eco-priority and green development, vigorously advocating green and healthy production and lifestyles, and building a beautiful homeland with blue skies, green land, and clean water are essentially accelerating the cultivation and development of new quality productive forces through high-level protection, opening up new domains and tracks for high-quality development.

发展新质生产力的客观需要。习近平总书记指出：“绿色发展是高质量发展的底色，新质生产力本身就是绿色生产力。”这一重要论断，深刻阐明了新质生产力与绿色生产力的内在关系，为新质生产力与绿色生产力的融合发展提供了理论支撑。发展新质生产力，要求我们在发展经济的同时，必须充分考虑生态环境的承载能力，实现经济效益、社会效益和生态效益的有机统一；必须以智能技术和绿色技术为代表的新一轮技术革命引领生产力跃迁，推进经济、产业、能源结构绿色低碳转型发展。习近平总书记指出：“发展新质生产力是推动高质量发展的内在要求和重要着力点。”这一重要论断，深刻阐明了发展新质生产力和推进高质量发展的内在联系。牢固树立和践行绿水青山就是金山银山的理念，坚定不移走生态优先、绿色发展之路，大力倡导绿色健康生产生活方式，建设天蓝地绿水清的美好家园，本质上就是以高水平保护加快推动培育和发展新质生产力，开辟高质量发展的新领域新赛道。

III. Writing a New Chapter in Coordinated Advancement of High-Quality Development and High-Level Protection in the Course of Advancing Chinese-Path Modernization

三、在推进中国式现代化中谱写统筹推进高质量发展和高水平保护的新篇章

The Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Deepening Reform and Promoting Chinese-Style Modernization[6]6 The Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Deepening Reform and Promoting Chinese-Style Modernization – adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee in July 2024. makes major deployments around improving the institutional mechanisms for promoting high-quality economic development, emphasizing that we must guide reform with the new development philosophy, base ourselves on the new stage of development, deepen supply-side structural reform, improve the incentive and constraint mechanisms for promoting high-quality development, and shape new drivers and new advantages for development. At the same time, it emphasizes that we must improve the ecological civilization institutional system, synergistically advance carbon reduction, pollution reduction, greening, and growth, actively respond to climate change, and accelerate the improvement of the institutional mechanisms for implementing the concept that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets, providing fundamental guidance for coordinating high-quality development and high-level protection.

《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的决定》围绕健全推动经济高质量发展体制机制作出重大部署，强调必须以新发展理念引领改革，立足新发展阶段，深化供给侧结构性改革，完善推动高质量发展激励约束机制，塑造发展新动能新优势。同时，强调必须完善生态文明制度体系，协同推进降碳、减污、扩绿、增长，积极应对气候变化，加快完善落实绿水青山就是金山银山理念的体制机制，为统筹推进高质量发展和高水平保护提供了根本遵循。

Firmly establish the new development philosophy. Harmony between humanity and nature directly concerns the fate of humanity itself; it is both the foundation of human survival and development and an important manifestation of the progress of human civilization. What kind of development outlook one holds determines what kind of development path one takes. Currently, promoting high-quality development still faces many dilemmas or even multiple difficulties. We need to plan the path of modernization from the height of harmony between humanity and nature, strengthening forward-looking thinking, holistic planning, strategic layout, and overall advancement. We must focus on the fact that a sound ecological environment is the most inclusive well-being of the people, promote continuous improvement in ecological environment quality, and strengthen forward-looking thinking on building a modernization of harmony between humanity and nature; focus on the fact that a community with a shared future for mankind inherently includes a community of life for humanity and nature, and that building a community with a shared future for mankind is an inevitable trend and rational choice, strengthening holistic planning for building a modernization of harmony between humanity and nature; focus on coordinating the formation of a new pattern in the large-scale development of the western region, new breakthroughs in the comprehensive revitalization of the northeast, the rise of the central region, and the accelerated modernization of the eastern region[7]7 The strategies for regional development: large-scale development of the western region, comprehensive revitalization of the northeast, rise of the central region, and accelerated modernization of the eastern region – China's coordinated regional development framework. to promote coordinated regional development, strengthening strategic layout for building a modernization of harmony between humanity and nature; focus on building a modernization where material civilization and cultural-ethical progress are coordinated, strengthening overall advancement for building a modernization of harmony between humanity and nature.

牢固树立新发展理念。人与自然和谐共生直接关系人类自身命运，既是人类生存与发展的基石，也是人类文明发展进步的重要体现。有什么样的发展观，就有什么样的发展道路。当前，推动高质量发展还面临很多两难甚至多难问题，需要我们站在人与自然和谐共生的高度谋划现代化发展之路，加强前瞻性思考、全局性谋划、战略性布局、整体性推进。必须着眼于良好的生态环境是最普惠的民生福祉，推动生态环境质量持续改善，加强对建设人与自然和谐共生现代化的前瞻性思考；着眼于人类命运共同体内在地包含了人与自然生命共同体，构建人类命运共同体是必然趋势和理性选择，加强对建设人与自然和谐共生现代化的全局性谋划；着眼于统筹推进西部大开发形成新格局、东北全面振兴取得新突破、中部地区崛起和东部地区加快推进现代化以促进区域协调发展，加强对建设人与自然和谐共生现代化的战略性布局；着眼于建设物质文明和精神文明相协调的现代化，加强对建设人与自然和谐共生现代化的整体性推进。

Transform the development model toward green and low-carbon. Ecological and environmental problems are, in the final analysis, development model problems. High-quality development and high-level protection are unified in the green and low-carbon transformation of the development model. First, we should place more emphasis on eco-priority and green development to form a high-level protection system. We must firmly establish the concept that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets, deeply implement major ecological and environmental protection projects, vigorously promote the construction of environmental infrastructure, comprehensively advance the construction of a nature reserve system with national parks as the main body, and maintain strategic resolve in ecological and environmental protection. Second, we should place more emphasis on source prevention and process control to form a high-level governance system. Strengthen source prevention of ecological and environmental problems; through means such as ecological and environmental zoning control, differentiated regulation, and environmental impact assessment, strictly manage ecological and environmental access; comprehensively carry out multi-field and multi-level collaborative innovation in pollution and carbon reduction; accelerate the green and low-carbon transformation of high-energy-consumption and high-emission industries; reduce carbon and pollutant emissions from the root; and guard the gateway and maintain the bottom line for high-quality development. Improve the institutional mechanisms for precise pollution control, scientific pollution control, and law-based pollution control; accurately identify the types and causes of ecological and environmental problems; carry out targeted treatment and precise policy implementation around key areas and key links of pollution prevention; and promote the establishment of an integrated ecological environment governance system for important river basins that runs through upstream and downstream. Third, we should place more emphasis on market guidance and technology empowerment to form a high-level driving system. Build a diversified investment mechanism for ecological protection and restoration; comprehensively implement the reform of water fees into taxes; improve the market-based allocation system for environmental elements such as emission rights and carbon emission rights; improve the mechanism for realizing the value of ecological products and the horizontal ecological protection compensation mechanism; and stimulate internal motivation for protecting the ecological environment. Deepen the reform of the science and technology system in the ecological and environmental field; implement major actions for ecological and environmental science and technology innovation; accelerate the green transformation of the development model; give birth to new industries, new models, and new drivers; and help achieve the "dual carbon" goals.

推动发展方式向绿色低碳转型。生态环境问题归根结底是发展方式问题，高质量发展和高水平保护统一于发展方式的绿色低碳转型。首先，更加注重生态优先、绿色发展，形成高水平的保护体系。要牢固树立绿水青山就是金山银山的理念，深入实施生态环境保护重大工程，大力推动环境基础设施建设，全面推进以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系建设，坚定生态环境保护的战略定力。其次，更加注重源头防控、过程管控，形成高水平的治理体系。加强生态环境源头预防，通过生态环境分区管控、差异化管控、环境影响评价等手段，严格生态环境准入管理，全面开展多领域多层次减污降碳协同创新，加快推动高耗能、高排放等重点行业绿色低碳转型，从根源上降低碳排放和污染物排放，为高质量发展把好关、守好底线；完善精准治污、科学治污、依法治污制度机制，精准识别生态环境问题的类型及成因，围绕污染防治重点领域和关键环节，进行靶向治疗、精准施策，推动重要流域构建上下游贯通一体的生态环境治理体系。再次，更加注重市场引导、科技赋能，形成高水平的动力体系。建设多元化生态保护修复投入机制，全面推行水资源费改税，健全排污权、碳排放权等环境要素市场化配置体系，健全生态产品价值实现机制、横向生态保护补偿机制，激发保护生态环境的内生动力。深化生态环境领域科技体制改革，实施生态环境科技创新重大行动，加快发展方式绿色转型，催生新产业、新模式、新动能，助力“双碳”目标实现。

Build a green, low-carbon, and circular economic system. Strive to build a green, low-carbon, and circular economic system; effectively reduce the resource and environmental costs of development; consolidate the ecological and environmental foundation of high-quality development; and continuously enhance the potential and staying power of development. First, accelerate the green and low-carbon transformation of the industrial system. We should take the green and low-carbon transformation and upgrading of the industrial system as the main direction; develop new quality productive forces according to local conditions; accelerate the adjustment of industrial structure, energy structure, transportation structure, and land use structure; vigorously develop industries with distinctive advantages; cultivate and expand emerging industries; transform and upgrade traditional industries; achieve synergy in pollution reduction and carbon reduction; and shift from eco-environmental protection forcing high-quality development to a concurrent focus on forcing and incentivizing high-quality development. Second, support the transformation and application of green and low-carbon technological innovations. Green and low-carbon technologies include those that achieve carbon reduction, zero carbon, and negative carbon effects through clean utilization of traditional energy, energy conservation and efficiency improvement, new energy utilization, and carbon capture, utilization, and storage. Accelerate the establishment of a green technology innovation system with enterprises as the main body, deep integration of industry-academia-research, complete infrastructure and service systems, efficient resource allocation, and smooth transformation of achievements. Coordinate an effective market and a well-functioning government so that the market truly plays a decisive role in the direction of technological research and development, path selection, factor prices, and the allocation of various innovation factors. Strengthen intellectual property protection, stimulate the innovation vitality and transformation motivation of various entities, accelerate the transformation and application of innovation achievements, and promote green and low-carbon technologies to accelerate from "leaving the laboratory" to "going to the market." Third, guide the public to cultivate green lifestyles. On the one hand, further strengthen knowledge popularization and policy publicity, actively respond to social concerns, mobilize all sectors of society to widely participate in activities such as pollution prevention, ecological construction, environmental protection, and environmental supervision, and create a good atmosphere for jointly promoting the continuous improvement of ecological environment quality. On the other hand, by increasing financial investment, developing green finance, and improving green consumption incentive mechanisms, promote the construction of ecological and environmental protection projects and the development of environmental protection industries, and by using supply to stimulate demand, guide the public to establish concepts of conservation, green growth, and co-construction and sharing, making green consumption, green travel, and green living conscious actions.

构建绿色低碳循环经济体系。着力构建绿色低碳循环经济体系，有效降低发展的资源环境代价，夯实高质量发展的生态环境基础，持续增强发展的潜力和后劲。首先，加快产业体系绿色低碳转型。要把产业绿色低碳转型升级作为主攻方向，因地制宜发展新质生产力，加快推动产业结构、能源结构、交通运输结构、用地结构调整，大力发展特色优势产业，培育壮大新兴产业，改造提升传统产业，实现减污降碳协同增效，由生态环保倒逼高质量发展向倒逼高质量发展与激励高质量发展并重转变。其次，支持绿色低碳技术创新成果转化。绿色低碳技术包括通过传统能源清洁利用、节能增效、新能源利用和温室气体捕集利用封存等实现减碳、零碳和负碳效果的有关技术。加快建立企业为主体、产学研深度融合、基础设施和服务体系完备、资源配置高效、成果转化顺畅的绿色技术创新体系。统筹好有效市场与有为政府，使市场在技术研发方向、路径选择、要素价格和各类创新要素配置中真正起决定作用。强化知识产权保护，激发各类主体创新活力和转化动力，加快创新成果转化运用，推动绿色低碳技术加速从“走出实验室”到“走向市场化”。再次，引导民众养成绿色生活方式。既要进一步加强知识普及和政策宣传，主动回应社会关切，动员社会各界广泛参与污染防治、生态建设、环境保护、环保监督等活动，营造共同促进生态环境质量持续改善的良好氛围；又要通过增加财政投入、开发绿色金融、健全绿色消费激励机制，推动生态环保工程建设和环保产业发展，通过以供促需，引导民众树立节约意识、绿色增长、共建共享的理念，使绿色消费、绿色出行、绿色居住成为自觉行动。

Online editor: Paul

网络编辑：保罗