Deepening Reform Comprehensively Further by Taking Economic System Reform as the Driving Force

The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC [1]1 The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC, held in July 2024, focused on deepening reform comprehensively to advance Chinese-path modernization. drew up a grand blueprint for deepening reform comprehensively further to advance Chinese-path modernization, stressed giving prominence to the driving role of economic system reform, and put forward that deepening economic system reform remains the key to deepening reform comprehensively further, with the main tasks being to improve the systems and mechanisms conducive to high-quality development, foster new drivers and new advantages for development, uphold and implement the "two unswervinglys" [2]2 "Two unswervinglys": the policy of unswervingly consolidating and developing the public sector and unswervingly encouraging, supporting, and guiding the development of the non-public sector., build a unified national market, and improve the foundational systems of the market economy. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized in his speech at the opening ceremony of a study session for leading officials at the provincial and ministerial level on implementing the spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee that we must highlight the focus on economic system reform and comprehensively and coordinately advance reforms in all aspects. We must take economic system reform as the driving force, make overall arrangements for economic system reform and reforms in other areas, push forward the deepening of reform comprehensively in depth, and provide strong impetus and institutional safeguards for Chinese-path modernization.

党的二十届三中全会擘画了进一步全面深化改革推进中国式现代化的宏伟蓝图，强调注重发挥经济体制改革牵引作用，提出深化经济体制改革仍是进一步全面深化改革的重点，主要任务是完善有利于推动高质量发展的体制机制，塑造发展新动能新优势，坚持和落实“两个毫不动摇”，构建全国统一大市场，完善市场经济基础制度。习近平总书记在省部级主要领导干部学习贯彻党的二十届三中全会精神专题研讨班开班式上的讲话中强调，要突出经济体制改革这个重点，全面协调推进各方面改革。要以经济体制改革为牵引，统筹部署经济体制改革和其他各领域改革，推动全面深化改革不断向纵深推进，为中国式现代化提供强大动力和制度保障。

I. A Deep Understanding of the Great Significance of Taking Economic System Reform as the Driving Force

一、深刻认识以经济体制改革为牵引的重大意义

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that we must give prominence to the driving role of economic system reform, and that deepening economic system reform remains the key to deepening reform comprehensively further. This fully embodies our Party's profound understanding of the laws of socialist construction, and its scientific judgment and deep grasp of the relations between relations of production and productive forces, between superstructure and economic base, and between state governance and social development.

习近平总书记指出，要注重发挥经济体制改革牵引作用，深化经济体制改革仍是进一步全面深化改革的重点。这充分体现了我们党对社会主义建设规律的深刻认识，对生产关系和生产力、上层建筑和经济基础、国家治理和社会发展关系的科学研判和深刻把握。

The inherent requirement of deepening reform comprehensively. The economic base determines the superstructure. Economic system reform has an important influence and a transmitting effect on reforms in other areas. The progress of major economic system reform determines the progress of many other reforms, and is the key that "affects the whole body when one part is moved" in the reform blueprint. Grasping the "ox nose" [3]3 "Ox nose" (niú bízi): a metaphor meaning the key link or the most important part that can control the whole situation. of economic system reform can effectively facilitate the resolution of deep-seated contradictions in other areas, creating conditions and providing impetus for deepening reform comprehensively. In the process of building Chinese-path modernization, adhering to economic construction as the central task will inevitably require taking economic system reform as the focus and driving force, promoting better alignment between relations of production and productive forces, between superstructure and economic base, and between state governance and social development, further unleashing and developing social productive forces, and stimulating and enhancing social vitality. To seize new opportunities, meet new challenges, promote high-quality development, and better adapt to changes in the principal contradiction in Chinese society, it is also urgently necessary to further deepen economic system reform and better play its driving role. We must firmly grasp this key task of economic system reform, coordinately advance reforms in other areas, and enable reforms in all areas to promote and support each other.

全面深化改革的内在要求。经济基础决定上层建筑，经济体制改革对其他方面改革具有重要影响和传导作用，重大经济体制改革的进度决定着其他方面很多改革进度，是改革蓝图中“牵一发而动全身”的关键。牵住经济体制改革这个“牛鼻子”，可以有力促进其他领域深层次矛盾的化解，为全面深化改革创造条件、提供动力。在中国式现代化建设进程中，坚持以经济建设为中心，必然要求以经济体制改革为重点和牵引，推动生产关系和生产力、上层建筑和经济基础、国家治理和社会发展更好相适应，进一步解放和发展社会生产力，激发和增强社会活力。把握新机遇、应对新挑战，推动高质量发展、更好适应我国社会主要矛盾变化，也迫切需要进一步深化经济体制改革，更好发挥经济体制改革的牵引作用。必须牢牢抓好经济体制改革这个重点任务，协同推进其他领域的改革，实现各领域改革相互促进、相互支撑。

The inevitable requirement for promoting high-quality development. Since reform and opening up, our Party has always adhered to economic construction as the central task, firmly grasped the focus of economic system reform, strived to remove institutional and mechanism obstacles that constrain the development of productive forces, fully stimulated the vitality of the whole society, created two major miracles [4]4 "Two major miracles": sustained rapid economic development and long-term social stability. – sustained rapid economic development and long-term social stability – and created favorable conditions for the orderly and coordinated advancement of reforms in other areas. Entering the New Era, the principal contradiction in society has changed, and the economy has shifted from a stage of high-speed growth to high-quality development. Compared with the new situation and new requirements, China's market system is not yet complete, market development is not yet sufficient, the relationship between the government and the market has not yet been fully straightened out, and there are still problems such as hindered factor flows, low resource allocation efficiency, and weak microeconomic vitality. Promoting high-quality development still faces many institutional and mechanism obstacles. Only by firmly grasping the "ox nose" of economic system reform and accelerating the construction of a high-level socialist market economy system can we solidly promote high-quality development and continuously provide strong impetus for consolidating and developing the "two major miracles."

推动高质量发展的必然要求。改革开放以来，我们党始终坚持以经济建设为中心，牢牢抓住经济体制改革这个重点，着力破除束缚生产力发展的体制机制障碍，充分激发全社会活力，创造了经济持续快速发展和社会长期稳定两大奇迹，为其他领域改革有序协同推进创造了良好条件。进入新时代，社会主要矛盾发生变化，经济已由高速增长阶段转向高质量发展阶段。与新形势新要求相比，我国市场体系还不健全、市场发育还不充分，政府和市场的关系尚未完全理顺，还存在要素流动不畅、资源配置效率不高、微观经济活力不强等问题，推动高质量发展仍面临不少体制机制障碍。只有牢牢抓住经济体制改革这个“牛鼻子”，加快构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制，才能扎实推动高质量发展，不断为巩固和发展“两大奇迹”提供强大动力。

The inevitable requirement for advancing the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. Since the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the CPC [5]5 The Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the CPC, held in 1978, which initiated China's reform and opening-up., China's reform began first in the economic field and gradually extended to other fields. Our Party has united and led the people of all ethnic groups across the country to continuously deepen reform around the economic system, realizing a historic shift from a highly centralized planned economy to a socialist market economy, establishing a basic socialist economic system, and at the same time achieving fruitful results in political construction, cultural construction, social construction, ecological civilization construction, and Party building. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC [6]6 The 18th National Congress of the CPC, held in 2012, marking the beginning of the New Era under Xi Jinping's leadership., the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has highlighted the main line of institutional building, improved various systems through deepening reform comprehensively, promoted the socialist system with Chinese characteristics to become more mature and well-defined, and significantly raised the modernization level of the national governance system and governance capacity. However, improving and developing the socialist system with Chinese characteristics and advancing the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity is a dynamic historical process that will inevitably continue to move to higher levels as practice develops. In particular, China's socialist market economy system is still imperfect, some reform measures have not yet been completed, and the governance system and governance capacity are not yet fully adapted to economic and social development. Therefore, we must pay more attention to the driving role of economic system reform, further deepen reform comprehensively, build a high-level socialist market economy system, continue to improve the systems and mechanisms in various fields, continue to enhance the effectiveness of national governance, and continuously demonstrate the institutional advantages of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics in the historical process of advancing the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity.

推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的必然要求。党的十一届三中全会以来，我国的改革首先是从经济领域开始的，并逐步延伸到其他领域。我们党团结带领全国各族人民围绕经济体制持续深化改革，实现了从高度集中计划经济体制向社会主义市场经济体制的历史性转变，建立了社会主义基本经济制度，同时在政治建设、文化建设、社会建设、生态文明建设和党的建设等各领域也取得丰硕的成果。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央突出制度建设这条主线，通过全面深化改革完善各方面制度，推动中国特色社会主义制度更加成熟更加定型，国家治理体系和治理能力的现代化水平显著提升。但是，完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化是一个动态的历史过程，必然随着实践的发展而不断向更高水平迈进。特别是我国社会主义市场经济体制还不完善，一些改革举措还没有完成，治理体系和治理能力还不完全适应经济社会发展，因此要更加注重发挥经济体制改革的牵引作用，进一步全面深化改革，构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制，继续完善各领域体制机制，持续提升国家治理效能，在推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的历史进程中不断彰显中国特色社会主义制度优势。

II. A Comprehensive Grasp of the Inherent Requirements of Taking Economic System Reform as the Driving Force

二、全面把握以经济体制改革为牵引的内在要求

General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that we must "take economic system reform as the main axis, strive to achieve new breakthroughs in reforms in important areas and key links, thereby driving and driving reforms in other areas, so that reforms in all aspects can be coordinated and form synergy." This strategic arrangement highlights the important position of economic system reform in deepening reform comprehensively. To deepen reform comprehensively further, it is necessary to grasp the inherent requirements of taking economic system reform as the driving force.

习近平总书记强调，要“坚持以经济体制改革为主轴，努力在重要领域和关键环节改革上取得新突破，以此牵引和带动其他领域改革，使各方面改革协同推进、形成合力”。这一战略安排，凸显了经济体制改革在全面深化改革中的重要地位。进一步全面深化改革，必须把握好以经济体制改革为牵引的内在要求。

Adhere to both "letting go of what can be let go" and "being able to manage it well." The core issue of economic system reform is to handle the relationship between the government and the market. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: "On the issue of the role of the market and the government, we must speak dialectics and the two-point theory, and use both the 'invisible hand' and the 'visible hand' well [7]7 "Invisible hand" and "visible hand": metaphors for the market mechanism and government intervention, respectively., striving to form a pattern in which the role of the market and the role of the government are organically unified, complementing, coordinating, and promoting each other, and promoting sustained and healthy economic and social development." Achieving both "letting go" and "managing well" is an inherent necessary requirement for correctly handling the relationship between the government and the market in a high-level socialist market economy system, and it is also a profound understanding of the dialectical unity of economic development vitality and order. Since the 14th National Congress of the CPC [8]8 The 14th National Congress of the CPC, held in 1992, which formally established the goal of building a socialist market economy., we have continuously promoted the reform of the socialist market economy system, and continuously carried out theoretical innovation on the basis of practical exploration around the core issue of handling the relationship between the government and the market. Giving full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation can effectively stimulate the vitality of various economic entities and promote efficient allocation of resources and a significant improvement in innovation capacity. Better playing the role of the government in macro-control, market supervision, and social governance is conducive to maintaining economic stability and social fairness and justice. The two advantages complement each other, achieve mutual benefit, and promote each other, so that an effective market and a capable government are better combined.

坚持既要“放得活”又要“管得住”。经济体制改革的核心问题是处理好政府和市场的关系。习近平总书记强调：“在市场作用和政府作用的问题上，要讲辩证法、两点论，‘看不见的手’和‘看得见的手’都要用好，努力形成市场作用和政府作用有机统一、相互补充、相互协调、相互促进的格局，推动经济社会持续健康发展。”实现既“放得活”又“管得住”，是高水平社会主义市场经济体制中正确处理政府和市场关系的内在必然要求，也是对经济发展活力和秩序辩证统一的深刻认识。党的十四大以来，我们持续推进社会主义市场经济体制改革，围绕处理好政府和市场关系这个核心问题在实践探索的基础上不断进行理论创新。充分发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用，能够有效激发各经济主体活力，促进资源的高效配置和创新能力的显著提升。更好发挥政府在宏观调控、市场监管、社会治理等方面的作用，有利于维护经济稳定和社会公平正义。两者优势互补，相得益彰，相互促进，使有效市场和有为政府更好结合起来。

Adhere to both focusing on key points and systematic planning. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, "Reform should pay more attention to system integration, and plan and advance with overall perspective and systematic thinking." Since reform and opening up, our Party has continuously achieved new breakthroughs in reforms in important areas and key links around the economic system, thereby driving and leading reforms in other areas to advance in a coordinated manner. Taking economic system reform as the focus and driving force to promote reforms in other systems is a successful practice tested by experience. Adhering to systematic thinking and correctly handling the relationship between overall coordination and key breakthroughs is not only valuable experience accumulated by our Party through long-term exploration but also a methodological guideline for further promoting economic system reform. We must take economic system reform as the main axis, continue to advance new breakthroughs in reforms in important areas and key links, and at the same time pay more attention to overall consideration, strengthen overall design, overall planning and systematic promotion, and provide methodological support for advancing Chinese-path modernization.

坚持既要重点推进又要系统谋划。习近平总书记指出，“改革要更加注重系统集成，坚持以全局观念和系统思维谋划推进”。改革开放以来，我们党围绕经济体制，在重要领域和关键环节改革上不断取得新突破，以此牵引和带动其他领域改革，使各方面改革协同推进。以经济体制改革为重点牵引推动其他方面体制改革，是经过实践检验的成功做法。坚持系统思维，正确处理整体协调与重点突破的关系，这既是我们党长期探索积累的宝贵经验，也是进一步推动经济体制改革的方法论遵循。必须坚持以经济体制改革为主轴，继续推进重要领域和关键环节改革取得新突破，同时更加注重统筹兼顾，强化整体设计、统筹安排和系统推进，为推进中国式现代化提供方法论支持。

Adhere to both establishing and abolishing. At the opening ceremony of a study session for leading officials at the provincial and ministerial level on implementing the spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that we must adhere to the dialectical unity of breaking and standing, establish and abolish simultaneously, first establish and then abolish, actively establish what should be established, and timely abolish what should be abolished on the basis of establishment, so as to achieve steady and rapid reform in the unity of breaking and standing. Since reform and opening up, our Party has deeply promoted economic system reform and achieved world-renowned development achievements. The principle of first establishing and then abolishing, establishing and abolishing simultaneously has been fully embodied in the process of economic system reform, providing direction for reform. To deepen reform comprehensively further, establishment and abolition are complex systematic projects. This requires us to accurately grasp the requirements of the times, actively promote practical innovation, build a complete modern system and key institutional arrangements, consolidate the institutional foundation of economic system reform, and in handling the dialectical relationship between establishing and abolishing simultaneously and first establishing and then abolishing, inject sustained impetus into the realization of Chinese-path modernization.

坚持既要立又要破。习近平总书记在省部级主要领导干部学习贯彻党的二十届三中全会精神专题研讨班开班式上的讲话中指出，要坚持破和立的辩证统一，破立并举、先立后破，该立的积极主动立起来，该破的在立的基础上及时破，在破立统一中实现改革蹄疾步稳。改革开放以来，我们党深入推动经济体制改革，取得了举世瞩目发展成就。先立后破、破立并举在经济体制改革过程中得以充分体现，为改革提供方向指引。进一步全面深化改革，立与破更是一项复杂的系统工程。这要求我们准确把握时代要求，积极推动实践创新，构建完善的现代化制度体系和关键性制度安排，夯实经济体制改革的制度基础，在处理好破立并举、先立后破的辩证关系中，为实现中国式现代化注入持续的动力。

Adhere to both basing on national conditions and absorbing excellent achievements of civilizations. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that we should be good at learning from and absorbing all excellent achievements of civilizations of human society, and deeply study practical issues in advancing Chinese-path modernization. Economic system reform has never been complacent and stagnant; it has always been carried out on the basis of adhering to reform and opening up and actively integrating into the global economic system. With an open mind, learning from and drawing on successful international reform models and management experiences, especially advanced concepts and institutional arrangements that fit the laws of the socialist market economy, helps to shape external driving forces for economic development. While safeguarding national sovereignty and economic security, we must actively participate in international economic cooperation and competition, and promote trade and investment facilitation. Basing on national conditions, absorbing the essence of the world, continuously deepening economic system reform, and comprehensively deepening reform in the process of promoting high-quality economic development.

坚持既要立足本国国情又要吸收优秀文明成果。习近平总书记强调，要善于借鉴吸收人类社会一切优秀文明成果，深入研究推进中国式现代化的实际问题。经济体制改革从来不是故步自封，而是始终在坚持对外开放的基础上，积极融入全球经济体系过程中展开的。以开放心态，学习借鉴国际上成功的改革模式和管理经验，特别是那些契合社会主义市场经济发展规律的先进理念和制度安排，有助于为经济发展形塑外部推动力量。要在维护国家主权和经济安全的前提下，积极参与国际经济合作与竞争，推动贸易投资便利化。立足本国国情、吸收世界精华，不断深化经济体制改革，在推动经济高质量发展过程中全面深化改革。

III. Unswervingly Advance the Deepening of Economic System Reform Comprehensively

三、坚定不移推进全面深化经济体制改革

Giving prominence to the driving role of economic system reform fully demonstrates our Party's profound grasp of the laws of reform and forward-looking thinking on the process of Chinese-path modernization. We must act as the executor, doer, and hard worker in deepening reform comprehensively further, ensure the implementation of various tasks of economic system reform, and solidly promote economic system reform to open up new vistas and reach new heights.

注重发挥经济体制改革的牵引作用，充分彰显了我们党对改革规律的深刻把握和对中国式现代化进程的前瞻性思考。必须当好进一步全面深化改革的执行者、行动派、实干家，抓好经济体制改革各项任务落实落地，扎实推动经济体制改革工作开创新局面、再上新台阶。

Improve the systems and mechanisms for promoting high-quality development. Give full play to the driving role of economic system reform, take high-quality development as the primary task, and guide reform with the new development concept [9]9 The new development concept: the Five Concepts for Development – innovation, coordination, green, openness, and sharing – proposed by Xi Jinping.. First, build an institutional environment conducive to technological progress and industrial upgrading, to stimulate the innovation vitality and creative potential of the whole society. This includes not only improving the intellectual property protection mechanism and perfecting the innovation incentive system, but also promoting industry-university-research collaborative innovation, and cultivating innovative enterprises and industrial clusters with international competitiveness. Second, coordinated development requires balancing development differences between regions, urban and rural areas, and industries, coordinating the balanced development of the eastern, central, and western regions, optimizing the inter-regional economic structure, and promoting the coordinated linkage of various fields and the rational allocation of resources. Third, green development emphasizes the importance of ecological civilization construction. Environmental protection and resource conservation should be integrated into all aspects of economic and social development, promoting the construction of a resource-conserving and environment-friendly society. Fourth, open development requires raising the level of opening up, actively participating in global economic governance, and building a higher-level open economic new system. Fifth, shared development aims to achieve social fairness and justice. We must improve the income distribution system, improve the quality of public services, and enable all people to share the fruits of reform and development.

健全推动经济高质量发展体制机制。充分发挥经济体制改革的牵引作用，以高质量发展为首要任务，以新发展理念引领改革。首先，构建有利于技术进步和产业升级的制度环境，以激发全社会的创新活力和创造潜能。这不仅包括完善知识产权保护机制，健全创新激励制度，还需要促进产学研协同创新，培育具有国际竞争力的创新型企业和产业集群。其次，协调发展要求平衡区域、城乡和产业间的发展差异，统筹推进东中西部协调发展，优化区域间经济结构，促进各领域的协调联动和资源的合理配置。再次，绿色发展强调生态文明建设的重要性，应将环境保护和资源节约融入经济社会发展的各个方面，推进资源节约型、环境友好型社会建设。第四，开放发展要求提高对外开放水平，积极参与全球经济治理，建设更高水平开放型经济新体制。最后，共享发展旨在实现社会公平正义，要完善收入分配制度，提高公共服务质量，使全体人民共享改革发展成果。

Foster new drivers and new advantages for development. To adapt to the trend of the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, accelerate the improvement of productive forces, and solidly promote high-quality development, we must develop new quality productive forces [10]10 New quality productive forces: a term referring to productivity driven by revolutionary technological breakthroughs, innovative allocation of production factors, and deep industrial transformation and upgrading, aimed at high-quality development. according to local conditions, promote revolutionary breakthroughs in technology, innovative allocation of production factors, deep industrial transformation and upgrading, continuously spawn new industries, new models, and new drivers, and continuously form new space and new advantages for high-quality economic development. We must strive to establish relations of production compatible with new quality productive forces, improve the systems and mechanisms for the optimization and upgrading of traditional industries, guide enterprises to use digital intelligence technology and green technology to transform and upgrade traditional industries, drive the iterative upgrading of productive forces through scientific and technological innovation, strengthen the promotion of high-level scientific and technological self-reliance, further promote the integrated and clustered ecological development of strategic industries, improve the policy system for promoting the development of strategic industries, further promote the deep integration of the real economy and the digital economy, promote the empowerment of various industries by artificial intelligence, strive to build digital industrial clusters with international competitiveness, lay out new tracks for future industries, establish investment mechanisms for future industries, reform and innovate the mode of allocation of production factors, and promote the concentration of various advanced production factors toward the development of new quality productive forces.

塑造发展新动能新优势。适应新一轮科技革命和产业变革趋势，推动生产力水平加速提升，扎实推进高质量发展，必须因地制宜发展新质生产力，推动技术革命性突破、生产要素创新性配置、产业深度转型升级，不断催生新产业、新模式、新动能，持续形成经济高质量发展的新空间新优势。要努力构建与新质生产力相适应的生产关系，健全传统产业优化升级的体制机制，引导企业以数智技术、绿色技术改造提升传统产业，要以科技创新驱动生产力迭代升级，强化推进高水平科技自立自强，要进一步推动战略性产业融合集群生态化发展，完善推动战略性产业发展的政策体系，要进一步促进实体经济和数字经济深度融合，推动人工智能为各行业赋能，努力打造具有国际竞争力的数字产业集群，要布局未来产业新赛道，建立未来产业投入机制，要改革创新生产要素配置方式，促进各类先进生产要素向发展新质生产力集聚。

Uphold and implement the "two unswervinglys." General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that we must unswervingly consolidate and develop the public sector, and unswervingly encourage, support, and guide the development of the non-public sector. Upholding and implementing the "two unswervinglys" is not only an inherent requirement for building a high-level socialist market economy system but also an important guarantee for promoting high-quality economic development. On the one hand, consolidate the dominant position of the public sector, deepen the reform of state-owned enterprises, and enhance their competitiveness and innovation capacity; on the other hand, encourage, support, and guide the development of the non-public sector, create a fair competition market environment, protect the legitimate rights and interests of private enterprises, and stimulate the vitality of various business entities. At the same time, ensure that all forms of ownership enjoy equal access to production factors in accordance with the law, participate in market competition fairly, and receive equal legal protection. This institutional arrangement helps to give full play to the advantages of various forms of ownership, promote the optimal allocation of resources and the sustained and healthy development of the economy. We must uphold and implement the "two unswervinglys," give full play to the role of the market mechanism, and promote new progress in high-quality development in China.

坚持和落实“两个毫不动摇”。习近平总书记强调，要毫不动摇巩固和发展公有制经济，毫不动摇鼓励、支持、引导非公有制经济发展。坚持和落实“两个毫不动摇”，不仅是构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制的内在要求，也是推动经济高质量发展的重要保障。一方面，巩固公有制经济的主体地位，深化国有企业改革，提升其竞争力和创新能力；另一方面，鼓励、支持、引导非公有制经济发展，营造公平竞争的市场环境，保障民营企业的合法权益，激发各类经营主体的活力。同时，保证各种所有制经济依法平等使用生产要素、公平参与市场竞争、同等受到法律保护。这种制度安排有助于充分发挥各类所有制经济的优势，促进资源的优化配置和经济的持续健康发展。要坚持和落实“两个毫不动摇”，充分发挥市场机制的作用，推动我国高质量发展不断取得新进展。

Build a unified national market. Building a unified national market aims to eliminate market barriers and institutional obstacles between regions, promote the free flow and efficient allocation of factors such as goods, services, capital, technology, and labor. This not only helps to break local protectionism and market fragmentation, reduce resource waste and duplication of construction, but also improves market efficiency, stimulates market vitality, and effectively promotes economic structural optimization and industrial upgrading. We must continuously improve market rules and laws and regulations, establish a fair, just, and transparent market environment, and ensure that all types of business entities participate in competition on an equal footing. At the same time, building a unified national market requires deepening the reform of market-oriented allocation of production factors, improving the property rights protection system, strengthening intellectual property protection, and stimulating innovation and entrepreneurship.

构建全国统一大市场。构建全国统一大市场，旨在消除区域间的市场壁垒和制度障碍，促进商品、服务、资本、技术和劳动力等要素的自由流动和高效配置，不仅有助于打破地方保护主义和市场分割，减少资源浪费和重复建设，而且还能提升市场效率，激发市场活力，有效推动经济结构优化和产业升级。要不断完善市场规则和法律法规，建立公平、公正、透明的市场环境，确保各类经营主体平等参与竞争。同时，构建全国统一大市场需要深化要素市场化配置改革，完善产权保护制度，强化知识产权保护，激励创新创业。

Improve the foundational systems of the market economy. Strengthening the property rights protection system is the cornerstone of improving the market economy foundation. Protecting the property rights of all forms of ownership equally and durably in accordance with the law helps to enhance investment confidence, stimulate innovation vitality, and promote technological progress and industrial upgrading. Improve the market access system, lower the market access threshold, create a fair and transparent market environment, and enable all types of business entities to participate in market competition on an equal footing. Improve the fair competition system, strengthen anti-monopoly and anti-unfair competition law enforcement, maintain market order, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of market participants. Improve the construction of the social credit system, promote the sharing and application of credit information, establish and improve the mechanism for punishing dishonesty, enhance the level of integrity of the whole society, and provide basic guarantees for the healthy operation of the market economy.

完善市场经济基础制度。强化产权保护制度是完善市场经济基础的基石。依法平等长久保护各种所有制经济产权，有助于增强投资信心，激发创新活力，促进技术进步和产业升级。完善市场准入制度，降低市场准入门槛，营造公平透明的市场环境，使各类经营主体能够平等参与市场竞争。健全公平竞争制度，强化反垄断和反不正当竞争执法，维护市场秩序，保障市场参与者的合法权益。完善社会信用体系建设，推进信用信息共享和应用，建立健全失信惩戒机制，提升全社会的诚信水平，为市场经济的健康运行提供基础保障。

(Online editor: Paul)

网络编辑：保罗