Adhere to the Problem-Oriented Approach and Coordinately Advance the Integrated Reform of the Systems and Mechanisms for Education, Science and Technology, and Talent

Coordinately advancing the integrated reform of the systems and mechanisms for education, science and technology, and talent is a comprehensive, holistic, and forward-looking strategic deployment to continuously foster new drivers of economic and social development and strengthen the talent support for modernization. It is also a practical pathway for implementing the strategies of invigorating China through science and education, strengthening the nation through human resource development, and innovation-driven development.

统筹推进教育科技人才体制机制一体改革，是不断塑造经济社会发展新动能，强化现代化建设人才支撑的全局性、整体性、前瞻性战略部署，也是贯彻落实科教兴国战略、人才强国战略、创新驱动发展战略的实践路径。

Adhering to a scientific worldview and methodology is the "master key" for us to study and solve problems. To coordinately advance the integrated reform of the systems and mechanisms for education, science and technology, and talent, we must adhere to a problem-oriented approach, a people-centered approach, and systemic thinking, continuously enhance the systemic, holistic, and synergistic nature of reforms, and achieve the transformation of reforms from partial exploration to systemic integration, shaping at the institutional and mechanism level a new way of combining education, science and technology, and talent that meets the requirements of high-quality economic development.

坚持科学的世界观和方法论是我们研究问题、解决问题的“总钥匙”。统筹推进教育科技人才体制机制一体改革，必须坚持问题导向、坚持以人民为中心、坚持系统观念，不断增强改革系统性、整体性、协同性，实现改革由局部探索向系统集成转变，在体制机制层面塑造契合经济高质量发展要求的教育科技人才新型结合方式。

Adhere to the Problem-Oriented Approach to Grasp the Main Line of Reform

坚持问题导向把握改革主线

An era is a spatiotemporal collection unfolding with the contradictory movement of the constantly changing mode of production of human society as its intrinsic measure, which objectively determines the core problems that social reforms must solve. Each era has its own problems. Adhering to a problem-oriented approach requires us to deeply grasp the laws and characteristics of reform through recognizing and analyzing problems, dialectically unify the practical present situation with the future vision, scientifically plan reform thinking while mastering the initiative of development, correctly grasp the main line of reform, and strive to enhance the foresight and predictability of reform.

时代是以人类社会不断变化着的生产方式矛盾运动为内在尺度而展开的时空合集，在客观上规定着社会改革必须解决的核心问题。每个时代都有属于自己的问题。坚持问题导向，就是要求我们通过认识问题、分析问题来深刻把握改革规律和特点，将实践现状与未来图景辩证统一起来，在掌握发展主动性中科学谋划改革思路、正确把握改革主线，着力提高改革前瞻性和预见性。

Coordinately advancing the integrated reform of the systems and mechanisms for education, science and technology, and talent is a profound insight into the essence and laws of innovation and an objective requirement for advancing Chinese-path modernization. In today's world, for a country or a nation to gain initiative, advantage, and future, it cannot do without the integrated development of education, science and technology, and talent. China has traversed the development journey of Western developed countries spanning several hundred years in just a few decades. A crucial reason for this is that since the beginning of modernization, our Party has attached great importance to the establishment and improvement of systems and mechanisms for education, science and technology, and talent. At present, the relationship between scientific research and technological application is becoming increasingly close, the transformation cycle between industry, academia, and research is becoming shorter, and strategic emerging industries and future industries no longer follow the old path dominated by investment and factor input, but instead cultivate and form new growth points through industrial innovation. Traditional systems and mechanisms are increasingly unable to meet the practical needs of high-quality development. Only by accelerating the construction of a high-level integrated system and mechanism for education, science and technology, and talent, and optimizing the allocation of production factors, can we ensure the full flow of various high-quality production factors in the direction of developing new quality productive forces, cultivate high-quality laborers sufficient to support the transformation of the production mode, rely on scientific and technological progress to improve labor efficiency and promote social and economic development, and realize a virtuous cycle of education, science and technology, and talent.

统筹推进教育科技人才体制机制一体改革，是对创新本质和规律的深刻洞察，也是推进中国式现代化的客观要求。当今世界，一个国家、一个民族要赢得主动、赢得优势、赢得未来，离不开教育、科技、人才的一体发展。中国用几十年时间走过了西方发达国家几百年的发展历程，其中极为关键的原因就在于我们党自开展现代化建设以来就高度重视教育科技人才体制机制的确立完善。当前，科学研究与技术应用之间的关系越来越密切，产学研之间的转化周期越来越短，战略性新兴产业和未来产业不再走投资和要素投入为主导的老路，而是靠产业化创新来培育和形成新的增长点，传统体制机制已很难适应高质量发展的现实需要。只有加快构建高水平教育科技人才一体化体制机制，优化生产要素配置方式，才能保证各类优质生产要素朝着新质生产力发展方向充分涌动，培养出足以支撑生产方式变革需要的高素质劳动者，依靠科技进步提高劳动效率、推动社会经济发展，实现教育科技人才良性循环。

To advance the integrated reform of the systems and mechanisms for education, science and technology, and talent, we must seize the pain points and bottlenecks such as the management service mechanism, resource allocation mechanism, talent evaluation mechanism, and income distribution mechanism to achieve breakthroughs and innovation, and form a systemic integration effect through integrated deployment and integrated promotion. We must improve the management service mechanism, break the fragmented and isolated boundaries of the development of education, science and technology, and talent, and establish a management service system that is vibrant, efficient, and conducive to high-quality development. We must improve the resource allocation mechanism, scientifically allocate resources, effectively utilize resources, and enhance resource efficiency. We must improve the talent evaluation mechanism, scientifically set evaluation standards, optimize evaluation processes, strengthen the application of evaluation results, and improve the evaluation system. We must improve the income distribution mechanism, establish and improve the mechanism for the distribution of production factors such as labor, knowledge, technology, management, and data according to their contribution, implement a distribution method oriented toward increasing the value of knowledge, and improve the market-based salary distribution mechanism.

推进教育科技人才体制机制一体改革，必须抓住管理服务机制、资源配置机制、人才评价机制、收入分配机制等痛点堵点突破创新，通过一体部署、一体推进形成改革的系统集成效应。要完善管理服务机制，打破教育、科技、人才发展各自分散、相互割裂的边界，建立充满活力、富有效率、有利于高质量发展的管理服务体系。要完善资源配置机制，科学配置资源、有效利用资源、提升资源效能。要完善人才评价机制，科学设置评价标准、优化评价流程，强化评价结果应用，完善评价体系。要完善收入分配机制，建立健全劳动、知识、技术、管理和数据等生产要素按贡献参与分配的机制，实行以增加知识价值为导向的分配办法，完善市场化薪酬分配机制。

Adhere to the People-Centered Approach to Clarify the Direction of Reform

坚持以人民为中心明确改革方向

The people are the creators of history and the main force driving reform and opening up. In the magnificent process of reform, our Party has always adhered to a people-centered approach, respected the principal position of the people, gave play to the pioneering spirit of the masses, and closely relied on the people to promote reform. To talk about reform without the people or to carry out reform detached from people's livelihood is like water without a source and a tree without roots[1]1 A classical Chinese idiom meaning "water without a source, a tree without roots," referring to things that lack a foundation or origin and are unsustainable., making it difficult to form group consensus and general synergy. The primary issue in coordinately advancing the integrated reform of the systems and mechanisms for education, science and technology, and talent is to properly solve the most immediate, most practical interests of the people, so that the integrated system and mechanism for education, science and technology, and talent better revolves around the needs of development and follows the direction of popular sentiment.

人民是历史的创造者，是推动改革开放的主体力量。在波澜壮阔的改革进程中，我们党始终坚持以人民为中心，尊重人民主体地位，发挥群众首创精神，紧紧依靠人民推动改革。抛开人民谈改革、脱离民生搞改革，那便是无源之水、无本之木，难以形成群体共识和普遍合力。统筹推进教育科技人才体制机制一体改革，首要问题便是解决好人民最关心最直接最现实的利益问题，使教育科技人才一体化体制机制更好围绕发展所需、顺应民心所向。

Coordinately advancing the integrated reform of the systems and mechanisms for education, science and technology, and talent essentially means closely combining education, science and technology, and talent in the process of high-quality development, serving the goals of people, their reproduction, and their development. On the one hand, we must adhere to the people-centered position in the process of the integrated reform of the systems and mechanisms for education, science and technology, and talent. The comprehensive development of people is the starting point and ultimate goal of high-quality development. We must integrate the promotion of people's comprehensive development into all fields of education, science and technology, and talent cultivation, run through all links of systems and mechanisms, design around the goal of comprehensive development, and resolutely correct any practices that are not conducive to achieving this goal. On the other hand, adhering to the integrated reform of the systems and mechanisms for education, science and technology, and talent, the focus is on high-quality talent. Education, science and technology, and talent belong to different fields, but in essence, the core of scientific and technological innovation development and high-quality education are high-quality talent. We must take economic system reform as the driving force to promote the optimization and activation of resources such as education, science and technology, and talent, and eliminate related institutional and mechanism drawbacks. Furthermore, the focus of deepening comprehensive education reform is to implement the fundamental task of fostering virtue and cultivating people[2]2 "Foster virtue and cultivate people" (立德树人) is the fundamental task of education in China, emphasizing moral education and talent cultivation., serve the development of the Party and the national cause, and solve the people's urgent, difficult, and anxious problems; deepening the reform of the science and technology system must adhere to the "Four Orientations"[3]3 The "Four Orientations" (四个面向) refers to scientific and technological innovation facing world scientific frontiers, the main economic battlefield, national major needs, and people's life and health., promote the systematic, institutionalized, and coordinated development of the talent team; deepening the reform of the talent development system and mechanism must implement more active and open talent policies, improve the independent talent training system, and create an environment that identifies, cherishes, respects, and utilizes talent.

统筹推进教育科技人才体制机制一体改革，本质上就是使教育、科技、人才在高质量发展过程中紧密结合，服务于人、人的再生产和人的发展目标。一方面，在教育科技人才体制机制一体改革过程中坚持人民至上立场。人的全面发展是高质量发展的出发点和落脚点。要把促进人的全面发展融入教育、科技、人才培养各领域，贯穿体制机制各环节，围绕全面发展目标来设计，凡是不利于实现这个目标的做法都要坚决改正。另一方面，坚持教育科技人才体制机制一体改革，重心在于高素质人才。教育、科技、人才分属不同领域，但本质上科技创新发展与高质量教育的核心都是高素质人才。要以经济体制改革为牵引推动教育科技人才等各项资源的优化活化，破除相关的体制机制弊病。进一步而言，深化教育综合改革的重点在于落实立德树人根本任务，服务党和国家事业发展，解决人民急难愁盼问题；深化科技体制改革要坚持“四个面向”，推动人才队伍体系化、建制化和协同化；深化人才发展体制机制改革要实施更加积极开放的人才政策，完善人才自主培养体系，营造识才爱才敬才用才的环境氛围。

Adhere to Systemic Thinking to Promote the Implementation of Reform

坚持系统观念推动改革落实

Marxism holds that there are universal connections between things, and they are not isolated existences but relationships of mutual influence and mutual restraint. To coordinately advance the integrated reform of the systems and mechanisms for education, science and technology, and talent, we must adhere to systemic thinking, ensure that education, science and technology, and talent are interdependent, mutually supportive, and complementary in practice, forming a systematic organic entity, and comprehensively advance Chinese-path modernization with high-quality development.

马克思主义认为，事物与事物之间存在普遍联系，彼此不是孤立的存在，而是相互影响、相互制约的关系。统筹推进教育科技人才体制机制一体改革，必须坚持系统观念，确保教育科技人才在实践中彼此依存、相互支撑、互为补充，形成一个系统有机的生命体，以高质量发展全面推进中国式现代化。

Strengthen forward-looking thinking. We must see that the integration of education, science and technology, and talent is a historical process of change and development, and also realize that future industries are key areas for China to adapt to the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation and gain strategic initiative in international competition. We must serve the contemporary changes of technological innovation and industrial transformation, firmly grasp the dynamic evolution characteristics of the technological innovation cycle, and build a forward-looking layout of system and mechanism reform led by breakthroughs in new technologies.

加强前瞻性思考。既要看到教育、科技、人才的一体化是发展变化着的历史过程，也要意识到未来产业是我国适应新一轮科技革命和产业变革，在国际竞争中赢得战略主动的关键领域。要服务于技术创新、产业变革的时代变化，牢牢抓住技术创新周期的动态演变特点，以新技术突破为引领构建体制机制改革的前瞻性布局。

Strengthen comprehensive planning. At present, we still have gaps compared with developed countries in large-scale promotion of key technological innovation and cultivation and use of world-class talents. We must grasp the key points, take the initiative to recognize and think about problems from an overall and strategic height, strengthen top-level design, and promote the concerted efforts and synergy of resources and policies from all sides.

加强全局性谋划。当前我们在大规模推进关键技术创新、培养使用全球一流人才方面同发达国家相比仍有差距。要抓住关键重点，主动站在全局和战略高度认识思考问题，加强顶层设计，推动各方面资源政策同向发力、形成合力。

Strengthen holistic advancement. We must give full play to the Party's leadership advantage of overall planning and coordinating all parties, and implement systemic planning into daily reform work on the basis of detailing strategic goals and action plans. We must continuously improve the national-level coordination mechanism and supporting laws and regulations to ensure the continuity and stability of reforms, and conduct timely evaluation and adjustment according to environmental changes. We must establish effective assessment and accountability mechanisms to ensure effective utilization of resources and smooth progress of policies.

加强整体性推进。要发挥党统揽全局、协调各方的领导优势，在细化战略目标和行动计划的基础上，把系统性谋划落实到日常改革工作之中。要不断完善国家层面的协同机制和配套法律法规，确保改革持续性和稳定性，及时根据环境变化进行评估和调整。要建立有效的考核与问责机制，确保资源有效利用与政策顺利推进。

(Author: Sun Xiaolei, Deputy Party Secretary of the School of Microelectronics, Fudan University)

（作者：孙晓雷，系复旦大学微电子学院党委副书记）

Online Editor: Huihui

网络编辑：慧慧