Adhering to the Chinese-Path Integrated Development Path for Education, Science and Technology, and Talent

Over the past century and more, the Communist Party of China, with an indomitable spirit of exploration, has persistently advanced the innovative development of education, science and technology, and talent, accumulating extremely valuable historical experience. From the perspective of the path, it has formed a Chinese-path path for coordinating the development of education, science and technology, and talent. From the perspective of methodology, it has correctly handled a series of major relationships involved in the integrated development of education, science and technology, and talent. From the perspective of laws, it has deepened and expanded the understanding of the laws governing educational development, scientific and technological innovation, and talent cultivation. These experiences and insights crystallize the Party’s intellectual achievements and practical results in exploring the integrated development of education, science and technology, and talent, and profoundly answer major questions such as why and how to coordinate the integrated development of education, science and technology, and talent. In the practice of promoting the integrated development of education, science and technology, and talent in a coordinated manner, our Party has combined the Marxist view of education, science and technology, and talent with China’s specific realities and with the fine traditional Chinese culture, summarized the successful experiences of the Party uniting and leading the people in struggle and exploration, and blazed a Chinese-path path for coordinating the development of education, science and technology, and talent. This path is the result of the Party’s arduous exploration, has distinct Chinese characteristics, conforms to China’s national conditions, and highlights the enormous advantages of our country’s national system and governance system. This path, in fact, encompasses the Chinese-path path for socialist educational development, the Chinese-path path for independent innovation, and the Chinese-path path for independent talent cultivation. Overall, the main features of this path are manifested as “eight adherences.”

一百多年来，中国共产党以一往无前的探索精神，持之以恒推进教育科技人才事业创新发展，积累了极为宝贵的历史经验。从道路看，形成了中国特色统筹教育科技人才发展道路。从方法论看，正确处理了涉及教育科技人才一体化发展的一系列重大关系。从规律看，深化和拓展了教育发展、科技创新、人才培养的规律性认识。这些经验启示，凝聚着党探索教育科技人才一体化发展的思想结晶和实践成果，深刻回答了为什么要统筹教育科技人才一体化发展、怎样统筹教育科技人才一体化发展等重大问题。在统筹推进教育科技人才一体化发展的实践中，我们党把马克思主义教育观、科技观、人才观同中国具体实际相结合、同中华优秀传统文化相结合，总结我们党团结带领人民奋斗探索的成功经验，走出了一条富有中国特色的统筹教育科技人才发展道路。这条道路是党艰辛探索的结果，具有鲜明的中国特色，符合中国国情，彰显了我国国家制度和治理体系的巨大优势。这条道路，实际上包含了中国特色社会主义教育发展道路、中国特色自主创新道路、中国特色人才自主培养道路。总体上看，这条道路的主要特征表现为“八个坚持”。

First, adhere to the leadership of the Party. This is the most essential feature of the Chinese-path path for coordinating the development of education, science and technology, and talent. Affairs are in all directions, but the key lies in the central authority.[1]1 Xi Jinping, "Speech at the Twentieth Collective Study Session of the Political Bureau of the 20th Central Committee" (January 31, 2024). The Communist Party of China is the leading core of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and the Party’s leadership is the “anchoring pillar” for the continuous development of the Party’s and the country’s cause. The Party’s overall leadership over the cause of education, science and technology, and talent is the primary principle for promoting the integrated development of education, science and technology, and talent in a coordinated manner. Making mistakes on this fundamental issue will lead to catastrophic and subversive consequences. Over the past century and more, the Communist Party of China has always adhered to the centralized and unified leadership of the Party over the cause of education, science and technology, and talent, continuously deepened its understanding of the laws of educational development, scientific and technological innovation, and talent cultivation, and formed a coordinated and efficient organizational mobilization system and resource allocation model, providing a fundamental political guarantee for promoting the integrated development of education, science and technology, and talent in a coordinated manner. Summarizing the exploration and practice of the past century and more, we deeply recognize that adhering to the Party’s overall leadership over the cause of education, science and technology, and talent must firmly grasp the requirements in three aspects. First, we must adhere to the centralized and unified leadership of the Party. The line, principles, policies, and various strategic deployments for the development of our country’s education, science and technology, and talent cause are all formulated under the unified leadership of the Party Central Committee. The highest decision-making power lies with the central authorities, and the top-level design is studied and decided by the central authorities. On the new journey, we must consistently adhere to and strengthen the Party’s leadership over the cause of education, science and technology, and talent, improve the institutional mechanisms for the Party’s unified leadership over education, science and technology, and talent work, and ensure that our country’s cause of education, science and technology, and talent always advances in the correct direction. Second, the Party’s propositions must be implemented in all aspects and throughout the entire process of the cause of education, science and technology, and talent. The Party’s leadership over the cause of education, science and technology, and talent is comprehensive, systematic, and holistic. Party leadership must be implemented in every field and every link of the cause of education, science and technology, and talent. There must be no blind spots or blockages, and it must never be weakened or rendered nominal. Third, the Party’s role in commanding the overall situation and coordinating all parties must be brought into full play. Strengthening the Party’s overall leadership over the cause of education, science and technology, and talent does not mean that Party committees should handle everything down to the smallest detail. Rather, specific affairs are handled by specific departments and innovation entities, and matters between parties are coordinated by the Party committee. The Party’s leadership over the cause of education, science and technology, and talent focuses on setting the direction, planning the overall situation, formulating policies, and promoting reform. It involves forward-looking research, strategic deployment, and the formulation of effective measures on major directional and principled issues concerning the development of education, science and technology, and talent. Party committees and governments at all levels must place education, science and technology, and talent work on their agendas, bring into play their roles in macro guidance, overall coordination, and service guarantee, and fully pool the strength of all parties.

第一，坚持党的领导。这是中国特色统筹教育科技人才发展道路的最本质特征。事在四方，要在中央。中国共产党是中国特色社会主义事业的领导核心，党的领导是党和国家事业不断发展的“定海神针”。党对教育科技人才事业的全面领导，是统筹推进教育科技人才一体化发展的首要原则，在这个根本问题上犯错误，将会导致灾难性、颠覆性后果。一百多年来，中国共产党始终坚持党对教育科技人才事业的集中统一领导，不断深化对教育发展规律、科技创新规律、人才培养规律的认识，形成协同高效的组织动员体系和资源配置模式，为统筹推进教育科技人才一体化发展提供了根本政治保证。总结百余年来的探索实践，我们深刻认识到，坚持党对教育科技人才事业的全面领导，必须牢牢把握三个方面的要求。一是必须坚持党的集中统一领导。我国教育科技人才事业发展的路线方针政策、各项战略部署，都是在党中央统一领导下制定的，最高决策权在中央，顶层设计由中央研究决定。新征程上，必须一以贯之坚持和加强党对教育科技人才事业的领导，完善党对教育科技人才工作统一领导的体制机制，确保我国教育科技人才事业始终沿着正确方向前进。二是必须把党的主张贯彻到教育科技人才事业各方面全过程。党对教育科技人才事业的领导是全面的、系统的、整体的，要把党的领导落实到教育科技人才事业的各个领域、各个环节之中，决不能出现盲点、堵点，决不能弱化、虚化。三是必须发挥好党总揽全局、协调各方的作用。加强党对教育科技人才事业的全面领导，并不意味着事无巨细都要党委包办，而是具体事务由具体部门、创新主体去办，各方之间的事由党委牵头协调。党对教育科技人才事业的领导重在把方向、谋大局、定政策、促改革，就教育科技人才发展的方向性原则性重大问题进行前瞻研究、加强战略部署、制定有效措施。各级党委和政府要把教育科技人才工作摆上议事日程，发挥好宏观指导、统筹协调、服务保障作用，充分凝聚各方面力量。

Second, adhere to the “Four Orientations.” This is the most distinct starting point and ultimate goal of the Chinese-path path for coordinating the development of education, science and technology, and talent. Serving the people wholeheartedly is the fundamental purpose of the Communist Party of China. Building the Party for the public and exercising power for the people is the Party’s political proposition and governing philosophy, and it is also the source of strength for the Party to maintain its vitality and forever win the trust and support of the people. Leading the people to create a happy and beautiful life is the Party’s unswerving goal. Over the past century and more, the Party has always adhered to a people-centered development philosophy, upheld the purpose of innovation for the people, innovation benefiting the people, and innovation serving the people, and continuously realized, safeguarded, and developed the fundamental interests of the broadest majority of the people. On the basis of adhering to the people-centered development philosophy, the Party has clearly put forward the “Four Orientations,” namely, “oriented toward the world’s scientific and technological frontiers, oriented toward the main economic battlefield, oriented toward the nation’s major needs, and oriented toward the people’s life and health.” The “Four Orientations” centrally embody the Party’s ideals and beliefs, nature and purpose, and original aspiration and founding mission, and are a red thread running through the Communist Party of China’s development of the cause of education, science and technology, and talent over the past century and more. The exploration and practice of the past century and more show us that to promote the integrated development of education, science and technology, and talent in a coordinated manner, we must adhere to the strategic guidance of the “Four Orientations” and comprehensively enhance innovation capacity. First, always advance the innovative development of the cause of education, science and technology, and talent from the forefront of world science and technology. We must base our forward planning on the latest global trends in education, science and technology, and talent, implement a number of education, science and technology, and talent projects that seize the initiative and occupy the commanding heights, and introduce a number of concrete and forceful reform measures that are well-known, well-established, and recognized by the people, so as to win the initiative in development. Second, always base ourselves on the main economic battlefield and serve the nation’s major needs. We must focus on the nation’s strategic needs and the needs of economic and social development, formulate corresponding development strategies for education, science and technology, and talent, and ensure that the development of the cause of education, science and technology, and talent always resonates with the nation’s development and advances together with the economy and society. Third, always place the people at the highest position in the heart when planning the development of the cause of education, science and technology, and talent. Putting the people first centrally embodies our Party’s fundamental stance, feelings, and attitude toward the people. We must make innovation for the people and benefiting the people, as well as benefiting the people and enriching them, an important direction for education, science and technology, and talent work. Fourth, vigorously develop the people’s well-being closely related to their production, life, life, and health. Strive to make the people’s sense of gain more substantial, their sense of happiness more sustainable, and their sense of security more guaranteed.

第二，坚持“四个面向”。这是中国特色统筹教育科技人才发展道路最鲜明的出发点、落脚点。全心全意为人民服务是中国共产党的根本宗旨，立党为公、执政为民是党的政治主张和执政理念，也是党永葆生机活力、永远赢得人民群众信赖和支持的力量源泉。带领人民创造美好幸福生活，是我们党始终不渝的奋斗目标。一百多年来，党始终坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，秉持创新为民、创新惠民、创新利民的宗旨，不断实现好、维护好、发展好最广大人民的根本利益。在坚持以人民为中心发展思想的基础上，党明确提出了“四个面向”，即“面向世界科技前沿、面向经济主战场、面向国家重大需求、面向人民生命健康”。“四个面向”集中体现了党的理想信念、性质宗旨、初心使命，是贯穿中国共产党百余年来发展教育科技人才事业的一根红线。一百多年来的探索实践昭示我们，统筹推进教育科技人才一体化发展，必须坚持“四个面向”的战略导向，全面提升创新能力。一是始终站在世界科技前沿推进教育科技人才事业创新发展。要立足全球教育科技人才发展最新态势超前谋划，实施一批掌握先机、抢占制高点的教育科技人才攻关项目，推出一批叫得响、立得住、人民认可的改革实招硬招，赢得发展主动权。二是始终立足经济主战场，服务国家重大需求。要聚焦国家战略需求、经济社会发展需要，制定相应的教育科技人才发展战略，使教育科技人才事业发展始终与国家发展同频共振，与经济社会一道前进。三是始终把人民放在心中最高位置谋划教育科技人才事业发展。人民至上，集中体现了我们党对人民的根本立场、情感和态度。要把创新为民惠民、利民富民作为教育科技人才工作的重要方向。四是大力发展与人民群众生产生活、生命健康密切关联的民生福祉。努力让人民群众的获得感成色更足、幸福感更可持续、安全感更有保障。

Third, adhere to a development orientation. This is the fundamental requirement of the Chinese-characteristic path for coordinating the development of education, science and technology, and talent. Development is one of the basic categories of dialectical materialism, mainly manifested as the state and trend of progressive change and transformative evolution of things in the movement of contradictions. In the long-term practice of exploration, our Party has successively put forward major theses such as "development is the hard truth" and "development is the Party's top priority in governing and rejuvenating the country," demonstrating the Party's high consciousness in promoting development. The shortcomings and weak links existing in the undertakings of education, science and technology, and talent are problems that arise in the course of development and also need to be resolved through development. For over a hundred years, the Party has always vigorously developed the undertakings of education, science and technology, and talent, adhering to the use of development methods to solve problems encountered in progress. In a certain sense, the history of the Communist Party of China is a history of striving to coordinate and advance the development of education, science and technology, and talent, a history of struggle to achieve their integrated development. Practice tells us that we must adhere to a development orientation and strive to promote high-quality development of the undertakings of education, science and technology, and talent. First, fully, accurately, and comprehensively implement the new development philosophy. We must take the new development philosophy as the guide, strive to promote the quality change, efficiency change, and driving force change in the development of education, science and technology, and talent, and effectively solve the problem of unbalanced and inadequate development in these fields. Second, we must adhere to the theme of promoting high-quality development. High-quality development is the primary task in building a modern socialist country in all respects. We must make overall plans for the development of education, science and technology, and talent, promote the effective improvement in quality and reasonable growth in quantity of the economy, and continuously strengthen our country's economic strength, scientific and technological strength, and comprehensive national power. Third, accelerate the development of new quality productive forces according to local conditions. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "In accordance with the requirements for developing new quality productive forces, we must smooth the virtuous cycle of education, science and technology, and talent, and improve the working mechanism for the cultivation, introduction, use, and reasonable flow of talent." [1]1 Xi Jinping, "Speech at the Twentieth Collective Study Session of the Political Bureau of the 20th Central Committee" (January 31, 2024). Facing a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, we must seize opportunities, increase innovation efforts, and promote industrial innovation through scientific and technological innovation. We must deepen reforms in the economic system, the science and technology system, etc., strive to remove the blockages and bottlenecks that constrain the development of new quality productive forces, and ensure that all kinds of advanced and high-quality production factors flow smoothly towards new quality productive forces.

第三，坚持发展导向。这是中国特色统筹教育科技人才发展道路的根本要求。发展是唯物辩证法的基本范畴之一，主要表现为事物在矛盾运动中前进式变化、变革性进化的状态和趋势。在长期的探索实践中，我们党先后提出发展才是硬道理、发展是党执政兴国的第一要务等重大论断，彰显了党推动发展的高度自觉。教育科技人才事业中存在的短板和薄弱环节，属于发展中出现的问题，也需要在发展中解决。一百多年来，党始终大力发展教育科技人才事业，坚持用发展的办法解决前进中的问题。从一定的意义上来说，中国共产党的历史，就是一部统筹推进教育科技人才事业发展的奋进史，就是一部实现三者一体发展的奋斗史。实践昭示我们，必须坚持发展导向，着力推动教育科技人才事业高质量发展。一是完整、准确、全面贯彻新发展理念。要坚持以新发展理念为引领，着力推动教育科技人才事业发展的质量变革、效率变革、动力变革，切实解决好教育科技人才发展不平衡不充分问题。二是必须坚持以推动高质量发展为主题。高质量发展是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的首要任务。要统筹谋划教育科技人才事业发展，推动经济实现质的有效提升和量的合理增长，不断壮大我国经济实力、科技实力、综合国力。三是因地制宜加快发展新质生产力。习近平总书记指出：“要按照发展新质生产力要求，畅通教育、科技、人才的良性循环，完善人才培养、引进、使用、合理流动的工作机制。”[1]面对新一轮科技革命和产业变革，我们必须抢抓机遇，加大创新力度，以科技创新推动产业创新。要深化经济体制、科技体制等改革，着力打通束缚新质生产力发展的堵点卡点，让各类先进优质生产要素向新质生产力顺畅流动。

Fourth, adhere to goal guidance. This is the goal orientation of the Chinese-characteristic path for coordinating the development of education, science and technology, and talent, embodying the strong sense of the times, responsibility, and mission of the Communist Party of China. For over a hundred years, our Party has consistently, in accordance with the will of the people and the needs of the development of the cause, based on the prevailing situation and tasks, timely proposed both inspiring and practical goals. To advance the development of education, science and technology, and talent, there must be clear goals, driving forces, and direction, forming top-level design and a series of strategic deployments and policy measures. All innovative activities in the fields of education, science and technology, and talent must be carried out around the goals and focus on them. On the basis of long-term exploration, our Party has proposed the strategic goals of building a strong nation in education, science and technology, and talent. These strategic goals have three characteristics: First, they are strategic goals proposed with a view to the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. All modernized powers in the world are strong nations in education, science and technology, and talent. When education, science and technology, and talent are strong, the nation stands firm, the people prosper, and the people live in happiness and well-being. Only by persistently advancing the construction of a strong nation in education, science and technology, and talent can the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation be placed on a more solid and reliable foundation. Second, they are strategic goals that are advanced sequentially and deepened layer by layer. According to the strategic arrangement of advancing socialist modernization in stages, our Party has continuously advanced and timely adjusted the time steps of development goals, proposing the strategic goal of basically building a strong nation in education, science and technology, and talent by 2035. Third, they are overall goals with definite requirements and continuously improving connotations. The strong nation in education we aim to build is a socialist strong nation in education with Chinese characteristics, which should possess strong ideological and political guiding force, talent competitiveness, scientific and technological support, people's livelihood guarantee, social synergy, and international influence. The strong nation in science and technology we aim to build should possess scientific and technological strength and innovation capability ranking among the top in the world, have core technologies in key fields and landmark scientific and technological achievements, and be a major world science center and innovation source. The strong nation in talent we aim to build is a world-class talent center and innovation highland.

第四，坚持目标引领。这是中国特色统筹教育科技人才发展道路的目标导向，凝聚着中国共产党强烈的时代感、责任感、使命感。一百多年来，我们党一以贯之根据人民意愿和事业发展需要，立足面临的形势和任务，适时提出既富有感召力又切实可行的奋斗目标。推进教育科技人才事业发展，必须有明确的奋斗目标、前进动力和方向，形成顶层设计以及一系列战略部署、政策举措。教育科技人才领域的一切创新活动，都要围绕着奋斗目标开展，对标奋斗目标聚力。在长期探索的基础上，我们党提出了建成教育强国、科技强国、人才强国的战略目标。教育强国、科技强国、人才强国的战略目标具有三个特点：一是着眼于中华民族伟大复兴中国梦而提出的战略目标。世界上的现代化强国无一不是教育强国、科技强国、人才强国，教育科技人才强则国家屹立、民族强盛、人民幸福安康。只有坚持不懈地推进教育强国、科技强国、人才强国建设，才能把中华民族伟大复兴建立在更加坚实、更加可靠的基础之上。二是接续推进、层层深化的战略目标。根据分阶段推进社会主义现代化的战略安排，我们党不断推进并适时调整发展目标的时间步骤，提出了到2035年基本建成教育强国、科技强国、人才强国的战略目标。三是有着确定要求、内涵不断提升的总体目标。我们要建成的教育强国，是中国特色社会主义教育强国，应当具有强大的思政引领力、人才竞争力、科技支撑力、民生保障力、社会协同力、国际影响力。我们要建成的科技强国，应当具有居于世界前列的科技实力和创新能力，拥有关键领域核心技术和标志性科技成果，是世界主要科学中心和创新策源地。我们要建成的人才强国，是世界重要人才中心和创新高地。

Fifth, adhere to reform and innovation. This is the source of power for the Chinese-characteristic path for coordinating the development of education, science and technology, and talent. Reform is the self-improvement and development of the socialist system and the only way to liberate and develop productive forces. As early as the beginning of reform and opening up, the Chinese Communists, mainly represented by Comrade Deng Xiaoping, quickly initiated the reform of the science and technology system after launching the economic system reform. Comrade Deng Xiaoping pointed out: "The reforms of the economic system and the science and technology system are both aimed at liberating productive forces." [2]2 Deng Xiaoping, "Speech at the National Conference on Science and Technology" (March 7, 1985). From that time on, the Party, with unprecedented determination and intensity, began a magnificent and surging process of reforming the science and technology system. In the historical process of advancing reform and opening up, our Party also vigorously promoted the reform of the education system and the reform of the talent development system and mechanism. Especially since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the reform of education, science and technology, and talent has continued to deepen, presenting a good trend of bold moves, breaking old and establishing new, steady progress, and deep advancement, with a holistic leap in the effectiveness of the national innovation system. Practice tells us that to coordinate the integrated development of education, science and technology, and talent, we must further deepen reform comprehensively. First, adhere to the direction and principles of reform. Direction determines the future, and the path determines destiny. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "Our reform and opening up has direction, stance, and principles." [3]3 Xi Jinping, "Speech at the Commemoration of the 40th Anniversary of Reform and Opening Up" (December 18, 2018). We always hold high the banner of reform, but our reform is a reform that continuously advances on the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, neither taking the old closed and rigid path nor the evil path of changing the banner. [4]4 "Changing the banner" (改旗易帜) is a Party idiom referring to abandoning socialism for capitalism, often paired with "the old closed and rigid path" (封闭僵化的老路) of Soviet-style planned economy. Second, adhere to upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "Only by upholding fundamental principles can we not lose our direction or make subversive mistakes; only by breaking new ground can we grasp the times and lead the times." Upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground are like the two wings of a bird and the two wheels of a drive, interacting and complementing each other. Upholding fundamental principles is the prerequisite for breaking new ground, and breaking new ground is the best inheritance and the most powerful way to uphold fundamental principles; it is upholding fundamental principles at a higher level, with greater depth, and more foresight. Third, enhance the systemic, holistic, and coordinated nature of reform. As reform deepens, the interconnectedness and interactivity of reforms in various fields and links have significantly increased, placing higher demands on the systemic, holistic, and coordinated nature of reform. Further deepening reform comprehensively is a complex systematic project involving all fields and aspects of economic and social development; it cannot be lopsided or attend to one thing and lose sight of another. We must be adept at using systematic thinking, strengthen overall planning, comprehensively and coordinately advance reforms in all aspects, pay more attention to the matching and mutual promotion of various reforms, and form an overall synergy.

第五，坚持改革创新。这是中国特色统筹教育科技人才发展道路的动力源泉。改革是社会主义制度的自我完善和发展，是解放生产力、发展生产力的必由之路。早在改革开放之初，以邓小平同志为主要代表的中国共产党人在启动经济体制改革之后，就迅速启动了科技体制改革。邓小平同志指出：“经济体制，科技体制，这两方面的改革都是为了解放生产力。”[1]从那时候起，党就以前所未有的决心和力度，开始了气势如虹、波澜壮阔的科技体制改革历程。在推进改革开放的历史进程中，我们党还大力推进教育体制改革、人才发展体制机制改革。特别是党的十八大以来，教育科技人才改革继续深化，呈现出大开大合、大破大立、蹄疾步稳、纵深推进的良好态势，国家创新体系效能整体性跃升。实践昭示我们，统筹教育科技人才一体化发展，必须进一步全面深化改革。一是坚持改革的方向和原则。方向决定前途，道路决定命运。习近平总书记指出：“我们的改革开放是有方向、有立场、有原则的。”[2]我们始终高举改革旗帜，但我们的改革是在中国特色社会主义道路上不断前进的改革，既不走封闭僵化的老路，也不走改旗易帜的邪路。二是坚持守正创新。习近平总书记指出：“守正才能不迷失方向、不犯颠覆性错误，创新才能把握时代、引领时代。”守正与创新犹如一体之两翼、驱动之双轮，相互作用、相得益彰。守正是创新的前提，创新是最好的继承、最有力的守正，是更高层次、更加深厚、更具有前瞻性的守正。三是增强改革系统性整体性协同性。随着改革不断深入，各个领域各个环节改革的关联性互动性明显增强，对改革的系统性、整体性、协同性要求更高。进一步全面深化改革是涉及经济社会发展各领域各方面的复杂系统工程，不能畸轻畸重、顾此失彼。必须善于运用系统思维，加强统筹谋划，全面协调推进各方面改革，更加注重各项改革配套衔接、相互促进，形成整体合力。

Sixth, adhere to establishing rules and institutions. This is the institutional guarantee for the Chinese path of coordinating the development of education, science and technology, and human resources. Institutions are fundamental, overarching, stable, and long-term. The Chinese Communist Party has always attached importance to institutional building. Comrades represented by Comrade Mao Zedong, in the process of exploring the path of socialist construction, deeply considered and formulated a series of institutions, promoting the development of China’s education, science, culture, and other undertakings. Comrade Deng Xiaoping explicitly stated, “Reforming and perfecting the systems of the Party and the state in all aspects is an arduous and long-term task.” [3]3 Xi Jinping, "Speech at the Commemoration of the 40th Anniversary of Reform and Opening Up" (December 18, 2018). General Secretary Xi Jinping profoundly pointed out, “Institutional advantage is the greatest advantage of a political party and a country.” [4]4 "Changing the banner" (改旗易帜) is a Party idiom referring to abandoning socialism for capitalism, often paired with "the old closed and rigid path" (封闭僵化的老路) of Soviet-style planned economy. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, General Secretary Xi Jinping has made a series of important expositions on institutional building, providing scientific guidance for further deepening reform comprehensively and advancing the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. Practice shows us that to coordinate and advance the integrated development of education, science and technology, and human resources, we must adhere to establishing rules and institutions and consolidate the institutional foundation. First, highlight the main line of institutional building. The perfection of the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics is a dynamic historical process, which inevitably develops continuously with the evolution of practice; existing institutions need to be constantly improved, and new fields and new practices require institutional innovation to fill institutional gaps. We must continue to strengthen institutional building, consolidate the foundation, enhance advantages, shore up weaknesses, and strengthen areas of weakness, promoting the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics to become more mature and well-defined, and effectively transforming China’s institutional advantages into greater effectiveness in national governance. Second, adhere to both breaking and establishing, with establishment preceding breaking. Only with both breaking and establishing can institutional building achieve optimal effectiveness. We must establish governance with a framework and implement governance with order, effectively and efficiently resolving institutional obstacles, mechanistic blockages, and policy innovation issues in various fields and aspects of education, science and technology, and human resources, continuously improving the institutional framework, consolidating fundamental institutions, perfecting basic institutions, and innovating important institutions. Third, promote institutional linkage, integration, and coordinated efficiency. We must focus on foundational institutions and those with significant traction, scientifically plan the timing, methods, and pace of institutional building, clear blockages, obstructions, and bottlenecks, strengthen the full linkage and coordination of institutional innovation, and stimulate the overall effect of institutional building.

第六，坚持建章立制。这是中国特色统筹教育科技人才发展道路的制度保障。制度具有根本性、全局性、稳定性和长期性。中国共产党一贯重视制度建设。以毛泽东同志为代表的中国共产党人在探索社会主义建设道路的进程中，深入思考并制定了一系列制度，推动我国教育、科学、文化等事业的发展。邓小平同志明确提出，“改革并完善党和国家各方面的制度，是一项艰巨的长期的任务”[3]。习近平总书记深刻指出：“制度优势是一个政党、一个国家的最大优势。”[4]党的十八大以来，习近平总书记围绕制度建设作出一系列重要论述，为进一步全面深化改革、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化提供了科学指引。实践昭示我们，统筹推进教育科技人才一体化发展，必须坚持建章立制，夯实制度根基。一是突出制度建设主线。中国特色社会主义制度的完善是一个动态的历史过程，必然随着实践发展而不断发展，已有制度需要不断健全，新领域新实践需要推进制度创新、填补制度空白。我们必须继续加强制度建设，固根基、扬优势、补短板、强弱项，推动中国特色社会主义制度更加成熟更加定型，切实把我国制度优势更好转化为国家治理效能。二是坚持破立并举、先立后破。有破有立，制度建设才能形成最佳效能。要立治有体、施治有序，有力有效解决教育科技人才各领域各方面体制性障碍、机制性梗阻、政策性创新问题，不断健全制度框架，筑牢根本制度、完善基本制度、创新重要制度。三是促进制度联动集成、协同高效。要聚焦基础性和具有重大牵引作用的制度，科学谋划制度建设的时机、方式、节奏，打通淤点堵点卡点，加强制度创新充分联动和衔接配套，激发制度建设的整体效应。

Seventh, adhere to the rule-of-law mindset. This is a major principle of the Chinese path of coordinating the development of education, science and technology, and human resources. When the rule of law flourishes, the country flourishes; when the rule of law declines, the country falls into chaos. From its inception, the Chinese Communist Party attached great importance to using the spirit of the rule of law to call upon and inspire the people. In the practice of establishing revolutionary base areas and beginning local governance, the Party focused on using legal means to consolidate the red political power. After the founding of New China, China successively formulated a number of legal systems for the development of education, science and technology, and human resources. After the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the CPC, Comrade Deng Xiaoping repeatedly emphasized: socialist legal system must be strengthened; we must rely on the legal system, as it is reliable; we must ensure that there are laws to abide by, that laws are strictly enforced, and that violations are prosecuted. Based on the practical process of reform and opening up, our Party vigorously strengthened the rule-of-law construction in the fields of education, science and technology, and human resources. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has insisted on placing law-based governance in all respects within the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy, vigorously promoting innovation in rule-of-law practice and theory in the fields of education, science and technology, and human resources. Practice shows us that to coordinate and advance the integrated development of education, science and technology, and human resources, we must focus on strengthening rule-of-law construction, ensuring that education, science and technology, and human resources work operates on the track of the rule of law. First, fully leverage the guiding, regulating, and safeguarding role of the rule of law. We must proceed from China’s actual conditions, follow the laws of the rule of law, adhere to the combination of top-level design and rule-of-law practice, and integrate the requirements of good laws and good governance throughout the entire process of educational reform, scientific and technological development, and talent cultivation. The rule of law must be taken as the fundamental approach, regulating social relations on the track of the rule of law, handling various contradictions and problems according to law, ensuring that the reform and development of education, science and technology, and human resources undertakings are both vibrant and orderly amidst profound social changes. Second, adhere to addressing both symptoms and root causes. While focusing on treating symptoms and urgently solving surface-level problems, we must pay more attention to addressing root causes, identifying deep-seated institutional and mechanistic reasons, and boldly promoting rule-of-law reform in the fields of education, science and technology, and human resources. We must focus on the strategic plans of the Party and the state, targeting practical problems existing in practice, key issues of concern to the people, as well as gaps and shortcomings in the legal system, to plan and advance the rule-of-law construction in the fields of education, science and technology, and human resources in a coordinated and holistic manner. Third, adhere to precise policy implementation. We must target prominent issues faced in the legislative field, such as the need to improve legislative quality and efficiency, and focus on enhancing the contemporaneity, pertinence, effectiveness, and operability of legislation, making legislation more scientific, effective, timely, and precise in guiding and promoting the integrated development of education, science and technology, and human resources.

第七，坚持法治思维。这是中国特色统筹教育科技人才发展道路的重大原则。法治兴则国家兴，法治衰则国家乱。中国共产党成立之初，就十分重视以法治精神号召和鼓舞人民。在创建革命根据地、开始局部执政的实践中，党注重运用法律手段巩固红色政权。新中国成立后，我国陆续制定了教育科技人才事业发展的一批法律制度。党的十一届三中全会以后，邓小平同志反复强调：必须加强社会主义法制；还是要靠法制，搞法制靠得住些；要做到有法可依、有法必依、执法必严、违法必究。我们党立足改革开放的实践进程，大力加强教育科技人才领域的法治建设。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央，坚持把全面依法治国放在“四个全面”战略布局中把握，大力推进教育科技人才领域的法治实践创新和理论创新。实践昭示我们，统筹推进教育科技人才一体化发展，必须着力加强法治建设，推动教育科技人才工作在法治轨道上运行。一是充分发挥法治的引领、规范和保障作用。要从我国实际出发，遵循法治规律，坚持顶层设计和法治实践相结合，把良法善治的要求贯穿于教育改革、科技发展、人才培养的全过程。必须把法治作为根本途径，在法治轨道上调节社会关系，依法处理各种矛盾和问题,确保教育科技人才事业改革发展在深刻的社会变革中既生机蓬勃又秩序井然。二是坚持标本兼治。既要注重治标，抓紧解决面上的问题，更要注重治本，查找深层次的体制机制原因，大刀阔斧地推动教育科技人才领域法治改革。要聚焦党和国家的战略规划，针对实践中存在的现实问题，人民群众关切的重点问题，以及法律制度的空白点和短板，统筹谋划、整体推进教育科技人才领域的法治建设。三是坚持精准施策。要针对立法领域面临的立法质量、立法效率有待提升等突出问题，着力提高立法的时代性、针对性、实效性、可操作性，使立法更科学、更有效、更及时、更精准地引领和推动教育科技人才一体化发展。

Eighth, adhere to openness and cooperation. This is the open characteristic of the Chinese path of coordinating the development of education, science and technology, and human resources, and an inevitable requirement for us to learn from the achievements of world civilizations and develop and strengthen ourselves through foreign cooperation. Educational development, scientific and technological innovation, and talent cultivation are all global and epochal in nature. Any country that wants to develop its education, science and technology, and human resources undertakings must have a global vision and must draw on and absorb the advanced civilizational achievements of countries around the world with an open mind and a humble attitude. For over a hundred years, the Chinese Communist Party has always paid attention to the future and destiny of humanity with a global perspective, correctly understanding and handling its relationship with the external world from the perspective of the great trends of human development, the great changes in the world pattern, and the great history of China’s development, insisting on developing education, science and technology, and human resources undertakings through openness and cooperation to achieve mutual benefit and win-win outcomes. Especially since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, we have firmly established the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind, actively integrated into the global innovation network, actively participated in global governance, focused on addressing major challenges facing humanity, and strived to improve the globalization level and international influence of China’s education, science and technology, and human resources undertakings, forming a pattern of openness and cooperation with a wider scope, broader fields, and deeper levels. History shows us that to coordinate the integrated development of education, science and technology, and human resources, we must always hold high the banner of peace, development, cooperation, and mutual benefit, and continuously improve the quality and level of openness and cooperation. First, adhere to the guidance of the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind. In today’s world, innovation factors are interdependent and mutually reinforcing; innovation globalization has become an irresistible major trend. Although innovation globalization is currently developing amidst twists and turns, its overall trend is inevitable. We must broaden our thinking, build a global “circle of friends,” and promote the building of a community with a shared future for mankind. Second, plan and promote the innovative development of education, science and technology, and human resources undertakings with a global vision. We must participate in international cooperation with a more open and inclusive mindset, integrate into the global education chain, innovation chain, and talent chain with more proactive actions, and strive to create an open innovation ecosystem of mutual benefit, win-win outcomes, and shared benefits. Third, actively participate in global governance. The global governance concept we advocate is one of equal participation by all countries, extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits. The global governance system we advocate is one that highlights international fairness and justice and can fully reflect the will and interests of the majority of countries. In the process of participating in global governance, we must concretely and realistically embody the common values of all humanity—peace, development, fairness, justice, democracy, and freedom—in international cooperation on education, science and technology, and human resources, and work together with the international community to build a new pattern of global governance.

第八，坚持开放合作。这是中国特色统筹教育科技人才发展道路的开放特征，是我们学习世界文明成果、在对外合作中发展壮大自己的必然要求。教育发展、科技创新、人才培养都是世界性的、时代性的，任何一个国家要发展教育科技人才事业，必须具有全球视野，必须以开放的眼光、谦逊的态度借鉴吸收世界各国先进文明成果。一百多年来，中国共产党始终以世界眼光关注人类前途命运，从人类发展大潮流、世界变化大格局、中国发展大历史正确认识和处理同外部世界的关系，坚持依靠开放合作发展教育科技人才事业，实现互利共赢。特别是党的十八大以来，我们牢固树立人类命运共同体理念，主动融入全球创新网络，积极参与全球治理，着力解决人类面临的重大挑战，努力提高中国教育科技人才事业的全球化水平和国际影响力，形成了更大范围、更宽领域、更深层次的开放合作格局。历史昭示我们，统筹教育科技人才一体化发展，必须始终高举和平、发展、合作、共赢的旗帜，不断提升开放合作的质量和水平。一是坚持以人类命运共同体理念为引领。当今世界，创新要素相互依存、相互促进，创新全球化已经成为不可阻挡的大趋势。虽然当前创新全球化在曲折中发展，但其总趋势是不可避免的，我们要拓展思路，打造遍布全球的“朋友圈”，推动构建人类命运共同体。二是以全球视野谋划和推动教育科技人才事业创新发展。要以更加开放包容的心态参与国际合作，以更加积极的行动融入全球教育链创新链人才链，致力营造互利共赢、互惠共享的开放创新生态。三是积极参与全球治理。我们倡导的全球治理观，是各国平等参与、共商共建共享的全球治理观。我们倡导的全球治理体系，是彰显国际公平正义、能够充分反映大多数国家意愿和利益的治理体系。在参与全球治理过程中，我们要把和平、发展、公平、正义、民主、自由的全人类共同价值具体地、现实地体现到国际教育科技人才合作中，与国际社会一道共同构建全球治理新格局。

[About the author: Guo Hailong, Fourth-level Researcher at the Central Institute of Party History and Literature (Central Compilation and Translation Bureau).]

【作者简介：郭海龙，中央党史和文献研究院（中央编译局）四级调研员。】

Online editor: Huihui

网络编辑：慧慧