Accurately and Comprehensively Understanding the Global Significance of China’s Poverty Alleviation

At the 19th Summit of the Group of Twenty, President Xi Jinping delivered an important speech entitled “Building a Just World of Common Development,” emphasizing: “The poverty problem in developing countries can be resolved, and weak birds can take off and fly high first. China can succeed, and other developing countries can succeed as well. This is the global significance of China’s successful battle against poverty.” President Xi Jinping’s resounding words inject strong confidence and momentum into the “Global South” that is striving to shake off poverty, demonstrating the commitment of a responsible major country to the cause of global development, and contributing Chinese wisdom to the promotion of shared prosperity in the world.

在二十国集团领导人第十九次峰会上，习近平主席发表题为《建设一个共同发展的公正世界》的重要讲话，强调：“发展中国家的贫困问题是可以解决的，弱鸟是可以先飞、高飞的。中国可以成功，其他发展中国家同样可以成功。这是中国成功打赢脱贫攻坚战的世界意义。”习近平主席掷地有声的话语，为正在努力摆脱贫困的“全球南方”注入强大信心和动力，展示着一个负责任大国对全球发展事业的担当，为推进世界共同繁荣贡献着中国智慧。

Great practice gives rise to great theory, and great theory guides great practice. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC [1]1 The 18th National Congress of the CPC was held in 2012 and marked the beginning of the Xi Jinping era, launching the comprehensive anti-poverty campaign., General Secretary Xi Jinping, with a great mission, great wisdom, and great sentiment, has created a monumental history of human poverty reduction that shakes the ages, constructed a complete set of effective policy systems, work systems, and institutional systems, blazed a path of poverty reduction with Chinese characteristics, formed a theory of anti-poverty with Chinese characteristics, and written a brilliant chapter of “China should make greater contributions to humanity.” The theory and practice of poverty alleviation have become one of the most iconic political, economic, livelihood, and social achievements since the 18th National Congress of the CPC. 2024 marks the fourth year of the transition period after winning the battle against poverty, and China has firmly held the bottom line of preventing a large-scale return to poverty. Practice has proven that the achievements of China’s poverty alleviation have withstood the test of history and the people, and the theory of anti-poverty with Chinese characteristics has become a valuable asset for the world’s poverty reduction cause. We must accurately and comprehensively understand the global significance of China’s poverty alleviation, and in the process of strengthening exchanges and cooperation on poverty reduction with other countries, jointly advance the international poverty reduction process, and make greater contributions to building a community with a shared future for mankind free from poverty and with common development.

伟大实践产生伟大理论，伟大理论指导伟大实践。党的十八大以来，习近平总书记以大使命、大智慧、大情怀创造了震古烁今的人类减贫大历史，构建了一整套行之有效的政策体系、工作体系、制度体系，走出了一条中国特色减贫道路，形成了中国特色反贫困理论，书写了“中国应当对于人类有较大的贡献”的亮丽篇章。脱贫攻坚的理论和实践，成为党的十八大以来最具标志性的政治成果、经济成果、民生成果和社会成果之一。2024年是打赢脱贫攻坚战、进入过渡期的第四个年头，中国牢牢守住了不发生规模性返贫致贫的底线。实践证明，中国脱贫攻坚的成果经得住历史和人民的检验，中国特色反贫困理论已经成为世界减贫事业的宝贵财富。我们要准确全面理解中国脱贫攻坚的世界意义，在同世界各国加强减贫交流合作的过程中，携手推进国际减贫进程，为构建没有贫困、共同发展的人类命运共同体作出更大贡献。

China’s poverty alleviation has important global significance

中国的脱贫攻坚具有重要的世界意义

Over the past 100-plus years, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the Chinese people have moved from liberation and emancipation to solving the problem of food and clothing, from a basic well-off society to a moderately prosperous society in all respects, from shaking off poverty to advancing Chinese-path modernization. China, through its own development, has made significant contributions to the cause of human anti-poverty.

100多年来，在中国共产党的领导下，中国人民从翻身解放到解决温饱、从基本小康到全面小康、从摆脱贫困到推进中国式现代化，中国以自身的发展为人类反贫困事业作出了重大贡献。

The success of China’s poverty alleviation has significantly reduced the map of the world’s poor population. Since reform and opening up, more than 800 million people in China have successfully escaped poverty, contributing over 70% to global poverty reduction. A 2019 research report by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development pointed out that if China were not counted, the global poor population would not have decreased but would have increased. Against the backdrop of still severe global poverty conditions and widening wealth gaps in some countries, China’s victory in the battle against poverty and its achievement of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development poverty reduction target 10 years ahead of schedule have greatly accelerated the global poverty reduction process, writing a new chapter in the history of human anti-poverty.

中国脱贫攻坚的成功显著缩小了世界贫困人口的版图。改革开放以来，中国有8亿多人成功脱贫，对世界减贫贡献超过70%。联合国贸易和发展会议在2019年发表的一份研究报告指出，如果不把中国计算在内，全球贫困人口不但没有减少，反而在增加。在全球贫困状况依旧严峻、一些国家贫富分化加剧的背景下，中国打赢脱贫攻坚战、提前10年实现联合国2030年可持续发展议程减贫目标，大大加快了全球减贫进程，谱写了人类反贫困历史的新篇章。

The success of China’s poverty alleviation has boosted the confidence of the “Global South” in shaking off poverty. As a large developing country with a huge population and a weak foundation, completely eradicating absolute poverty is extremely extraordinary and extremely difficult. It is precisely this difficulty that makes China’s poverty alleviation experience broadly globally significant. In 2012, China’s per capita GDP was US$6,300, while at that time Brazil, also part of the “Global South,” had a per capita GDP exceeding US$12,000. Over eight years, China’s per capita GDP grew at an average annual rate of 8.1%, exceeding US$10,400 in 2020, achieving the synchronization of rapid development with large-scale poverty reduction and the elimination of absolute poverty. This is an extraordinary miracle and the best footnote to the statement that “China can succeed, and other developing countries can succeed as well.” Peruvian President Dina Boluarte, in a previous interview with Chinese journalists, said: “I hope to narrow the gap between rich and poor, build a country with long-term prospects, and hope we can also become a country like China.” Khon Kaen Province, the fourth most populous province in Thailand, has drawn on China’s targeted poverty alleviation concept and achieved remarkable results. Local officials believe that China has not only made the world understand the importance of targeted poverty alleviation and the possibility of escaping poverty but has also provided the courage and experience to solve the poverty problem. China’s poverty reduction cause has achieved unparalleled great accomplishments, receiving widespread international recognition and praise, standing firm, being well-known, and having significant influence in the world.

中国脱贫攻坚的成功给“全球南方”增加了摆脱贫困的信心。中国作为一个人口众多、基础薄弱的发展中大国，彻底摆脱绝对贫困极不平凡、极不容易。恰恰是这份不容易，使得中国的脱贫经验具有广泛的世界意义。2012年，中国人均国内生产总值为6300美元，而当时同为“全球南方”的巴西人均国内生产总值已经超过1.2万美元。经过8年时间，中国人均国内生产总值年均增长8.1%，2020年超过1.04万美元，实现了快速发展与大规模减贫、消除绝对贫困同步，这是一个了不起的奇迹，也是“中国可以成功，其他发展中国家同样可以成功”的最好注脚。秘鲁总统博鲁阿尔特此前在接受中国记者采访时说：“我希望缩小贫富差距，建设一个有长远前景的国家，希望我们也可以成为像中国这样的国家。”泰国第四大人口府孔敬府借鉴中国精准扶贫理念并取得了显著成效，当地官员认为，中国不仅让世界了解精准扶贫的重要性和看到脱贫的可能，更提供了解决贫困问题的勇气和经验。中国减贫事业取得了无可比拟的伟大成就，国际舆论给予广泛认可和称赞，在世界上立得住、叫得响、影响大。

The achievements of China’s poverty alleviation have withstood the test of history and practice, proving to the world that poverty can be ended and shaken off. After comprehensively winning the battle against poverty, the Party Central Committee established a five-year transition period, “helping people mount the horse and seeing them on their way” for areas and populations that have escaped poverty, promoting the adjustment and optimization of assistance policies on the basis of overall stability, continuously improving the dynamic monitoring and assistance mechanism to prevent a return to poverty, achieving early detection, early intervention, and early assistance, and promptly eliminating the risk of returning to poverty. As of the end of 2024, the country had cumulatively assisted over 5 million monitored targets for preventing a return to poverty, stably eliminating risks, with the remaining also having assistance measures implemented. All 832 counties that have escaped poverty have cultivated leading industries with prominent advantageous characteristics and strong driving capacity. The employment scale of the population that has escaped poverty reached 33.052 million people. In the first three quarters of 2024, the per capita disposable income of farmers in counties that have escaped poverty was 12,384 yuan, a real year-on-year increase of 6.5%, firmly holding the bottom line of preventing a large-scale return to poverty. This also fully demonstrates to the world that poverty is not only conquerable but, under the premise of establishing a reliable and effective follow-up assistance mechanism, can also be blocked and prevented from recurring.

中国脱贫攻坚成果经受住了历史和实践的检验，向世界证明了贫困可以被终结和摆脱。全面打赢脱贫攻坚战后，党中央设立5年过渡期，对脱贫地区和脱贫群众“扶上马、送一程”，推动帮扶政策在总体稳定基础上调整优化，持续完善防止返贫致贫动态监测和帮扶机制，早发现、早干预、早帮扶，及时消除返贫致贫风险。截至2024年底，全国累计帮扶500多万防止返贫致贫监测对象稳定消除风险，其余也都落实了帮扶措施，832个脱贫县均培育形成了优势特色突出、带动能力较强的主导产业，脱贫人口务工就业规模达到3305.2万人，2024年前三季度脱贫县农民人均可支配收入12384元、同比实际增长6.5%，牢牢守住了不发生规模性返贫致贫的底线。这也向世界充分说明，贫困不仅是可以战胜的，在建立起可靠有效的后续帮扶机制的前提下，也是可以阻断、可以不再复发的。

China’s poverty alleviation has explored new pathways for human poverty reduction

中国的脱贫攻坚为人类减贫探索了新的路径

Eliminating poverty is a global challenge. Different countries have different national conditions and are at different stages of development, so their poverty reduction standards, methods, pathways, and means also differ. China’s poverty reduction is based on its own national conditions, deeply grasping the characteristics of China’s poverty and the laws of poverty governance, “always adhering to a people-centered approach, solemnly committing that ‘not a single impoverished region or impoverished individual should be left behind.’ Adhering to targeted poverty alleviation, implementing measures tailored to each village, each household, and each individual. Adhering to poverty alleviation in the course of economic development, actively guiding talent, funds, and technology to flow to impoverished areas. Adhering to poverty alleviation in promoting the development of local characteristic industries, helping impoverished areas improve infrastructure, and developing industries with ‘blood-creating’ functions according to local conditions. Adhering to poverty alleviation in promoting common prosperity, promoting ‘pairing-up’ mutual assistance between developed and underdeveloped regions.” The valuable experience China has explored and formed in its poverty reduction practice belongs to both China and the world, expanding the thinking on human anti-poverty and exploring new pathways for human poverty reduction.

消除贫困是全球性难题。各国国情不同、所处发展阶段不同，减贫标准、方式方法、路径手段也不同。中国减贫立足本国国情，深刻把握中国贫困特点和贫困治理规律，“始终坚持以人民为中心，庄严承诺‘决不能落下一个贫困地区、一个贫困群众’。坚持精准扶贫，做到因村、因户、因人施策。坚持在经济发展中扶贫，积极引导人才、资金、技术向贫困地区流动。坚持在促进当地特色产业发展中扶贫，帮助贫困地区改善基础设施，因地制宜发展有‘造血’功能的产业。坚持在促进共同富裕中扶贫，推动发达地区同欠发达地区‘结对子’互助。”中国在减贫实践中探索形成的宝贵经验，既属于中国也属于世界，拓展了人类反贫困思路，为人类减贫探索了新的路径。

Always adhere to a people-centered approach. General Secretary Xi Jinping affectionately stated: “I have worked successively in villages, counties, cities, provinces, and at the central level in China; poverty alleviation has been an important part of my work, and it is also a major task I am determined to accomplish.” The Communist Party of China is a political party with lofty aspirations; the ultimate goal of the CPC’s struggle is to ensure that all the people lead a good life. Since entering the New Era, the Party Central Committee has made poverty alleviation a hard task that must be completed to finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and achieve the first centenary goal [2]2 The first centenary goal refers to the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects by the centenary of the founding of the CPC in 2021., integrating it into the overall plan for economic and social development and introducing a series of extraordinary policies and measures. This in itself is a great choice made with a people-centered approach. During the eight years of poverty alleviation, General Secretary Xi Jinping presided over seven central forums on poverty alleviation work, conducted more than 50 research trips to grassroots areas on poverty alleviation, and visited all 14 contiguous destitute areas across the country. The entire Party was united as one, with provinces, cities, counties, townships (towns), and villages each issuing “military orders” [3]3 “Military orders” (军令状) is a Chinese term for a binding pledge or responsibility document, originally a military vow to accept punishment for failure, used here to signify the strict accountability system for poverty alleviation. and signing responsibility documents, implementing a system where the top leader is responsible for poverty alleviation. The vast majority of Party members and cadres devoted their lives to the mission and fulfilled their promises with action; over three million first secretaries and resident cadres [4]4 First secretaries and resident cadres are Party officials dispatched from higher levels to live and work in villages to directly oversee poverty alleviation and rural development. were stationed at the grassroots level, working hard and doing solid work. On this battlefield without the smoke of gunfire, more than 1,800 Party members and cadres sacrificed their precious lives for the cause of poverty reduction, using their actions to fulfill the Party’s commitment to the people. It can be said that the poverty alleviation campaign in the New Era profoundly interprets the CPC’s people-centered development thinking and is the most concentrated, fullest, and most vivid embodiment of the CPC’s fundamental purpose of serving the people wholeheartedly in the New Era. Looking at the long history of humanity’s struggle against poverty, eliminating poverty is by no means a natural economic development process; it requires the entire society and the state to make choices and trade-offs. China’s poverty reduction practice shows that only by truly putting the people’s interests first can the arduous practice of poverty reduction have unwavering motivation, a clear direction, and strong institutional guarantees.

始终坚持以人民为中心。习近平总书记深情指出：“我先后在中国的村、县、市、省、中央工作，扶贫是工作的一个重要内容，也是我立志要办成的一件大事。”中国共产党是有远大抱负的政党，中国共产党的奋斗目标，归根结底是让全体人民过上好日子。进入新时代以来，党中央把脱贫攻坚作为全面建成小康社会、实现第一个百年奋斗目标必须完成的硬任务，纳入经济社会发展全局进行部署，出台了一系列超常规政策举措，这本身就是以人民为中心作出的伟大抉择。习近平总书记在脱贫攻坚的8年时间里，先后7次主持召开中央扶贫工作座谈会，50多次深入基层调研扶贫工作，走遍了全国14个集中连片特困地区。全党上下一心，省、市、县、乡（镇）、村层层立下“军令状”，签下责任书，落实脱贫攻坚一把手负责制。广大党员、干部以热血赴使命、以行动践诺言，300多万名第一书记和驻村干部扎根一线、苦干实干。在脱贫攻坚这场没有硝烟的战场上，有1800多名党员、干部为减贫事业献出了自己宝贵的生命，用实际行动践行着党对人民的承诺。可以说，新时代的脱贫攻坚战，深刻诠释了中国共产党人以人民为中心的发展思想，是中国共产党全心全意为人民服务宗旨在新时代最集中、最充分、最生动的体现。纵观人类与贫困长期斗争的历史，消除贫困绝不是一个自然而然的经济发展过程，它需要整个社会和国家作出取舍抉择。中国的减贫实践表明，只有真正把人民的利益放在第一位，艰苦卓绝的减贫实践才能有坚定不移的动力、明确的前进方向和强大的制度保障。

Adhere to targeted poverty alleviation. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: “In poverty alleviation and development, the key lies in being targeted, the emphasis lies in being targeted, and success or failure hinges on being targeted.” Poverty takes a hundred forms, and hardship has a thousand varieties; the problem of poverty is diverse and complex. It is necessary to base poverty reduction strategies on national conditions and scientifically formulate them according to different stages of development and levels of economic and social development. By the end of 2012, China’s poor population accounted for about 10% of the total population, entering what is internationally recognized as the “most difficult stage” of poverty reduction. The “trickle-down effect” [5]5 The trickle-down effect is an economic theory that benefits from economic growth will eventually “trickle down” to the poorest segments of society. of poverty reduction driven by rural economic system reform and economic growth since reform and opening up had gradually diminished, and the poor masses generally expected to gain more. The “targeted poverty alleviation” strategy proposed by General Secretary Xi Jinping came at the right time, answering a series of difficult questions in poverty reduction work such as “who to help, who to help them, how to help, and how to exit,” establishing the operational poverty alleviation indicators of “two assurances and three guarantees” [6]6 “Two assurances and three guarantees” (两不愁三保障) refers to the poverty alleviation targets of ensuring that the poor do not worry about food or clothing and have guaranteed access to compulsory education, basic medical care, and safe housing.. The path of poverty alleviation shifted from “flood irrigation” to “precise drip irrigation,” the mode of resource use shifted from fragmented distribution to coordinated concentration, and the method of poverty alleviation shifted from emphasizing “blood transfusion” to focusing on “blood creation.” It can be said that without the theoretical innovation centered on “targeting,” there would be no miracle of China lifting nearly 100 million poor people out of poverty in eight years. China’s poverty reduction practice shows that each lock requires its own key; the occurrence and evolution of poverty have their own characteristics and laws. Poverty reduction must proceed from reality, targeting different poor populations and causes of poverty, adapting to the times, circumstances, and local conditions, and continuously promoting institutional and practical innovation through theoretical innovation, in order to achieve ideal governance effectiveness in poverty. UN Secretary-General António Guterres believes: “Targeted poverty alleviation strategies are the only way to help the poor and achieve the ambitious goals set by the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. China’s experience can provide useful reference for other developing countries.”

坚持精准扶贫。习近平总书记强调：“扶贫开发贵在精准，重在精准，成败之举在于精准。”贫有百种，困有千样，贫困问题具有多样性和复杂性，必须立足国情，根据不同的发展阶段和经济社会发展水平科学制定减贫方略。2012年底，我国贫困人口占总人口的比例为10%左右，进入了国际公认的减贫“最艰难阶段”，改革开放以来通过农村经济体制改革和经济增长带动减贫的“涓滴效应”逐步递减，贫困群众普遍期盼有更多的获得感。习近平总书记提出的“精准扶贫”方略恰逢其时，回答了“扶持谁、谁来扶、怎么扶、如何退”等一系列减贫工作中的难题，确定了“两不愁三保障”的可操作性脱贫指标，扶贫路径由“大水漫灌”转为“精准滴灌”，资源使用方式由多头分散转为统筹集中，扶贫方式由偏重“输血”转为注重“造血”。可以说，没有以“精准”为要义的理论创新，就没有中国用8年时间实现近1亿贫困人口脱贫的减贫奇迹。中国的减贫实践表明，一把钥匙开一把锁，贫困的发生和演变有着自身特点和规律，减贫必须从实际出发，针对不同贫困群众和贫困成因，因时制宜、因势制宜、因地制宜，不断以理论创新推动制度创新、实践创新，才能实现理想的贫困治理效能。联合国秘书长古特雷斯认为：“精准扶贫方略是帮助贫困人口、实现2030年可持续发展议程设定的宏伟目标的唯一途径，中国的经验可以为其他发展中国家提供有益借鉴。”

Adhere to poverty alleviation within economic development. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: “Development is the general method for shaking off the hat of poverty” and “Take development as the fundamental way to solve the poverty problem.” The problem of poverty is, in the final analysis, a problem of development. In the history of the global struggle against poverty, there have been various theoretical and practical explorations. Some views hold that poverty can be eliminated by relying on welfare relief; others hold that as material wealth continues to grow, the problem of poverty will naturally be solved even without social policy intervention. But practice has proven that relying solely on relief leads to a decline in economic efficiency; relying solely on growth leads to a widening gap between rich and poor. Poverty alleviation divorced from economic development is like climbing a tree to catch a fish [7]7 “Climbing a tree to catch a fish” (缘木求鱼) is a Chinese idiom meaning to pursue a goal using the wrong method, making it impossible to achieve.; focusing only on economic growth while ignoring the development of poor groups will inevitably fall into a “lame economy,” ultimately affecting the healthy and sustainable development of the economy. Only poverty alleviation within economic development is the fundamental way to shake off poverty. For the poor masses, by mastering a skill, engaging in an industry, and relying on their own efforts to support their families and serve society, they can firmly grasp the “golden key” to a happy life in their own hands. For poor areas, a place with industries that can drive employment can develop through a combination of internal and external forces. For national development, making up for the shortcomings in economic and social development and completely eliminating poverty can promote the growth of the national economic aggregate, smooth the economic cycle between urban and rural areas, and ultimately lay a solid foundation for the sustained and healthy development of the national economy. China’s poverty reduction practice shows that driving poverty alleviation through economic development and promoting economic development through poverty alleviation is the most effective way to shake off poverty. Only by enabling poor areas and people to develop can we continuously realize the people’s aspirations for a better life and provide lasting impetus for economic and social development and the improvement of people’s livelihoods.

坚持在经济发展中扶贫。习近平总书记强调：“发展是甩掉贫困帽子的总办法”“把发展作为解决贫困的根本途径”。贫困问题，说到底是发展问题。在全球贫困斗争史上，有过种种理论和实践探索。有观点认为，依靠福利救助就可以消除贫困；也有观点认为，随着物质财富不断增长，即使没有社会政策干预，贫困问题也会自然得到解决。但实践证明，单纯依靠救助，会导致经济效率下降；单纯依靠增长，会导致贫富差距一再扩大。脱离了经济发展的扶贫，无异于缘木求鱼；只顾经济增长不顾及贫困群体的发展，也必然会陷入“跛腿经济”，最终影响经济的健康可持续发展，只有在经济发展中扶贫才是摆脱贫困的根本途径。对于贫困群众而言，通过掌握一门技能、投身一个产业，依靠自己的努力养活家庭、服务社会，才能够将实现幸福生活的“金钥匙”牢牢掌握在自己手中。对于贫困地区而言，一个地方有产业、能带动就业，内外结合才能发展。对于国家发展而言，补足经济社会发展的短板，彻底消除贫困，才能够促进国家经济总量的增长，畅通城乡经济循环，最终为国民经济持续健康发展奠定坚实基础。中国的减贫实践表明，以经济发展带动扶贫、以扶贫促进经济发展是摆脱贫困的最有效办法，唯有让贫困地区和群众发展起来，才能不断实现人民群众对美好生活的向往，为经济社会发展和改善民生提供持久动力。

Adhere to poverty alleviation through promoting the development of local characteristic industries. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: “Industrial poverty alleviation is the most direct and effective method, and it is also a long-term strategy to enhance the ‘blood-creating’ capacity of poor areas and help the masses find employment locally.” Developing characteristic industries is a “root-cure” strategy for shaking off poverty. Although many poor areas are relatively economically backward, they possess abundant natural resources, unique production techniques, and distinctive folk cultures, all of which are potential advantages supporting the development of local characteristic industries. During the poverty alleviation campaign, through industrial poverty alleviation, a large number of characteristic and advantageous industries, such as navel oranges in southern Jiangxi, apples in Luochuan, tsao-ko in Nujiang, potatoes in Dingxi, highland barley in Tibet, yaks in Qinghai, and walnuts and jujubes in Xinjiang, began to take shape. In the development stage of consolidating and expanding the achievements of poverty alleviation and effectively linking them with rural revitalization, many characteristic industries have not only become the “golden carrying pole” [8]8 “Golden carrying pole” (金扁担) is a Chinese metaphor for a reliable and valuable means to achieve prosperity, originally referring to a farmer’s carrying pole but here symbolizing a sustainable income source. for the poor masses to increase their income and become prosperous but have also grown into pillar industries in some areas, playing an important role in promoting comprehensive rural revitalization. Developing characteristic industries in poor areas can not only directly bring economic benefits to poor areas and poor masses but, more importantly, the process of industrial development is also an important process of tapping the development potential of poor areas, stimulating the endogenous motivation of the poor masses, and endowing them with the capacity for independent development, transforming “blood transfusion” into “blood creation,” fundamentally ensuring the sustained and stable effect of poverty alleviation. China’s poverty reduction practice shows that the “characteristic cards” of underdeveloped areas can be transformed into “advantage cards.” Looking globally, various characteristic industries in developing countries also have huge development potential. As long as we cultivate and develop characteristic industries in underdeveloped areas according to local conditions, stimulate the endogenous motivation of the local masses to rely on themselves and work hard, and closely link the poor masses to the industrial chain, underdeveloped areas can surely overcome poverty and share the fruits of economic development.

坚持在促进当地特色产业发展中扶贫。习近平总书记强调：“产业扶贫是最直接、最有效的办法，也是增强贫困地区造血功能、帮助群众就地就业的长远之计。”发展特色产业是摆脱贫困的“治本”之策，许多贫困地区虽然经济相对落后，却拥有丰富自然资源、特色生产技艺和独特民俗文化，这些都是支撑当地特色产业发展的潜在优势。在脱贫攻坚期间，通过产业扶贫，赣南的脐橙、洛川的苹果、怒江的草果、定西的马铃薯、西藏的青稞、青海的牦牛、新疆的核桃大枣等一大批特色优势产业初具规模。在巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接的发展阶段，很多特色产业不仅成为脱贫群众增收致富的“金扁担”，还成长为一些地方的支柱产业，在推进乡村全面振兴中发挥着重要作用。发展贫困地区特色产业，不仅能够直接为贫困地区和贫困群众带来经济效益，更重要的是，产业发展的过程也是挖掘贫困地区发展潜力、激发贫困群众内生动力、赋予贫困群众自主发展能力的重要过程，变“输血”为“造血”，从根本上确保脱贫效果持续稳定。中国的减贫实践表明，欠发达地区的“特色牌”能够转化为“优势牌”。放眼全球，发展中国家的各类特色产业同样具有巨大发展潜力，只要因地制宜培育发展欠发达地区的特色产业，激发当地群众自力更生、艰苦奋斗的内生动力，将贫困群众紧密联结在产业链上，欠发达地区就一定可以战胜贫困，共享经济发展成果。

Persist in poverty alleviation while promoting common prosperity. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: “China will continue to consolidate and expand the achievements of poverty alleviation, solidly advance common prosperity, and continuously improve the level of people’s well-being.” Common prosperity is the essential requirement of socialism with Chinese characteristics and our goal of struggle; it is also a historical process in which those who get rich first drive those who get rich later, advancing in stages and echelons. Winning the battle against poverty is the prerequisite and foundation for achieving common prosperity. Taking common prosperity as the goal, pooling all forces to form a strong synergy, and narrowing the development gap between developed and underdeveloped regions are our valuable experience in winning the battle against poverty, and moreover, they are a consistent and powerful guarantee in the process of consolidating and expanding the achievements of poverty alleviation. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC [9]9 A four-character idiom meaning to achieve great results with a small amount of effort., our Party, relying on a tight organizational system and efficient operational mechanisms, has broadly and effectively mobilized and pooled forces from all sides, constructing a large-scale poverty alleviation pattern in which government, society, and the market advance in coordination, and targeted poverty alleviation, industry-based poverty alleviation, and social poverty alleviation complement each other. This process has promoted the combination and mutual achievement of advanced factors such as technology, capital, and management from developed regions with advantageous factors such as labor, natural resources, and market potential from underdeveloped regions; it has formed a whole-of-society poverty alleviation participation mechanism in which everyone is willing, able, and capable of contributing; it has carried forward the fine traditions of the Chinese nation in aiding the poor and helping each other in times of need, stimulated positive energy for upward and virtuous conduct throughout society, and demonstrated the core socialist values. China’s poverty reduction practice shows that poverty alleviation and reduction is a difficult and complex systemic project; it is necessary to mobilize and gather immense anti-poverty forces, unite as one, and work together in the same boat to ultimately overcome the stubborn disease of poverty.

坚持在促进共同富裕中扶贫。习近平总书记强调：“中国将继续巩固和拓展脱贫攻坚成果，扎实推进共同富裕，不断提升民生福祉水平。”共同富裕是中国特色社会主义的本质要求，也是我们的奋斗目标，还是一个先富带动后富，分阶段、梯次推进的历史过程。打赢脱贫攻坚战是实现共同富裕的前提和基础，以实现共同富裕为目标，汇聚各方形成强大合力，缩小发达地区与欠发达地区发展差距，是我们打赢脱贫攻坚战的宝贵经验，更是我们巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果过程中一以贯之的有力保障。党的十八大以来，我们党依托严密的组织体系和高效的运行机制，广泛有效动员和凝聚各方力量，构建起政府、社会、市场协同推进，专项扶贫、行业扶贫、社会扶贫互为补充的大扶贫格局。这个过程促进了发达地区的技术、资金、管理等先进要素与欠发达地区的劳动力、自然资源、市场潜力等优势要素相互结合、相互成就；形成了人人皆愿为、人人皆可为、人人皆能为的全社会扶贫参与机制；弘扬了中华民族扶贫济困、守望相助的优良传统，激发了全社会向上向善的正能量，彰显了社会主义核心价值观。中国的减贫实践表明，扶贫减贫是艰巨而复杂的系统工程，必须动员和凝聚起磅礴的反贫困力量，团结一心、同舟共济，才能最终战胜贫困顽疾。

Jointly Build a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind for Common Development

携手共建共同发展的人类命运共同体

Eliminating poverty is a common goal of all countries in the world, and moreover, it is an urgent need that resonates widely in the “Global South.” China has always been an active advocate, a powerful promoter, and a sustained contributor to the global cause of poverty reduction. Currently, the world economy is trudging forward with difficulty amid a slow recovery. The International Monetary Fund’s *World Economic Outlook* report released in October last year maintained the global economic growth forecast for 2024 at 3.2%. Against this backdrop, the poverty reduction work of the “Global South” faces greater challenges. Global hunger levels have remained high for several consecutive years; in 2023, approximately 713 million to 757 million people faced hunger, with a median of 733 million, an increase of about 152 million compared to 2019. About 1.1 billion people live in extreme poverty, and the cause of poverty reduction has a long way to go. We must implement well the important concept of building a community with a shared future for mankind proposed by General Secretary Xi Jinping, actively share poverty alleviation experience with

消除贫困是世界各国共同的目标，更是“全球南方”有广泛共鸣的迫切需求。中国始终是全球减贫事业的积极倡导者、有力推动者和持续贡献者。当前，世界经济在缓慢复苏中艰难前行，国际货币基金组织去年10月发布的《世界经济展望报告》，将2024年全球经济增长预期维持在3.2%。在这样的背景下，“全球南方”减贫工作面临更大挑战，全球饥饿水平连续几年居高不下，2023年约有7.13亿至7.57亿人面临饥饿，中位数高达7.33亿，比2019年增加约1.52亿人，约11亿人生活在极度贫困中，减贫事业任重道远。我们要贯彻落实好习近平总书记提出的构建人类命运共同体重要理念，积极与世界各国分享脱贫攻坚经验，与国际社会一道，帮助更多发展中国家找到符合自身国情的减贫之路，携手推动国际减贫事业向前发展。

Continue to consolidate and expand the achievements of poverty alleviation, further strengthening the confidence of developing countries in escaping poverty. Poverty is a stubborn disease of human society. "Stubborn disease" means it is not only difficult to treat and long-lasting, but also prone to relapse. 2025 is the final year of the five-year transition period for consolidating and expanding poverty alleviation achievements and effectively linking them with rural revitalization. We must not only pay attention to preventing the risk of large-scale relapse into poverty at the village and township level, but also keep a close watch on every monitored target and every individual at risk of returning to or falling into poverty. We must identify and assist each one, ensuring that all who should be included are included and all who should be supported are supported, dynamically eliminating risks. After the transition period ends, we will stand at a higher historical dimension, treating the prevention of large-scale relapse into poverty as a long-term and permanent bottom-line task. We will improve the normalized mechanism for preventing relapse into poverty covering the rural population, and the tiered and classified assistance system for low-income rural populations and underdeveloped areas, promoting the perfect integration of work to prevent relapse into poverty with rural revitalization, planning and advancing them as a whole.

持续巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果，进一步坚定发展中国家摆脱贫困的信心。贫困是人类社会的顽疾。“顽疾”，意味着不仅难治、久治不愈，还可能会反复发作。2025年是巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接5年过渡期的最后一年，我们既要重视防范整村整乡规模性返贫致贫的风险，更要紧盯每一个监测对象、每一个有返贫致贫风险的个体，发现一个、帮扶一个，做到应纳尽纳、应扶尽扶，动态消除风险。在过渡期结束后，我们将站在更高的历史维度，把不发生规模性返贫致贫作为长久、永久的底线任务，完善覆盖农村人口的常态化防止返贫致贫机制、农村低收入人口和欠发达地区分层分类帮扶制度，推动防止返贫致贫工作和乡村振兴完美结合，一体谋划、一体推进。

Deepen international cooperation on poverty reduction, providing a pathway to support the continued progress of the global poverty reduction cause. As a member of the "Global South," China has always actively engaged in South-South cooperation, supporting and helping the vast number of developing countries, especially the least developed countries, to eliminate poverty. After China's victory in poverty alleviation, many countries have strong demands to learn from our poverty reduction experience. We must tell China's poverty reduction story well, so that the world understands China's poverty reduction experience. Agricultural science and technology is a powerful lever for carrying out foreign agricultural cooperation and promoting high-quality joint construction of the Belt and Road Initiative. Now, when we engage in international cooperation, we place greater emphasis on implementing livelihood projects that are grounded and win people's hearts, sharing and promoting applicable technologies such as Juncao grass and hybrid rice, which often play a role of "using a small force to move a great weight." [9]9 A four-character idiom meaning to achieve great results with a small amount of effort. We must continue to promote the export of agricultural materials, machinery, and technology, implement agricultural foreign aid projects well, shorten the distance between the hearts of the people in countries jointly building the Belt and Road Initiative, and bring tangible benefits to the people of more developing countries.

深化国际减贫合作，为推动全球减贫事业继续向前发展提供路径支撑。中国作为“全球南方”一员，始终积极开展南南合作，支持和帮助广大发展中国家特别是最不发达国家消除贫困。中国脱贫攻坚胜利后，很多国家对学习我国减贫经验有很强诉求。我们要讲好中国减贫故事，让世界了解中国减贫经验。农业科技是开展对外农业合作、推进高质量共建“一带一路”的有力抓手，现在我们在开展国际合作时，更加注重实施接地气、聚人心的民生项目，分享推广菌草、杂交水稻等适用技术，往往能够发挥“四两拨千斤”的作用。我们要继续推进农资、农机、农技等走出去，实施好农业援外项目，拉近共建“一带一路”国家民众心与心之间的距离，为更多发展中国家人民带来实实在在的获得感。

The international situation is chaotic and intertwined, with global challenges such as climate change, food security, and energy security emerging one after another. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "The ancient Chinese said, 'In the same boat, we help each other.' Now the international community needs 'joint action for the entire globe.'" [10]10 A paraphrase of Xi Jinping's remarks, adapting the classical idiom "同舟共济" (in the same boat, help each other) to "同球共济" (joint action for the entire globe) to emphasize global solidarity. We must accurately and comprehensively understand the global significance of China's poverty alleviation. On the basis of holding the bottom line of preventing large-scale relapse into poverty, we must go all out to advance Chinese-path modernization, illuminate the light of thought for building a just world of common development, promote the "Global South" to join hands in revitalization through development, and make greater contributions to building a better world.

国际形势变乱交织，气候变化、粮食安全、能源安全等全球性挑战层出不穷。习近平总书记指出：“中国古人讲‘同舟共济’，现在国际社会则需要‘同球共济’。”我们要准确全面理解中国脱贫攻坚的世界意义，在守牢不发生规模性返贫致贫底线的基础上，全力推进中国式现代化，为建设一个共同发展的公正世界点亮思想之光，推动“全球南方”携手在发展中振兴，为建设更加美好的世界作出更大贡献。

(The author is Secretary of the Party Leadership Group and Minister of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs)

（作者为农业农村部党组书记、部长）

Online editor: Huihui

网络编辑：慧慧