Using New Quality Productive Forces to Guide the Construction of a Modern Industrial System

General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: “New quality productive forces are advanced productive forces that are driven by innovation, break away from traditional economic growth modes and paths of productive forces development, and are characterized by high technology, high efficiency, and high quality, in line with the new development philosophy.” This important assertion profoundly indicates that new quality productive forces represent the most active and most driving part of the industrial system, playing a key engine role in promoting the construction of a modern industrial system and high-quality economic development. We must deeply understand the significance and main direction of using new quality productive forces to guide the modern industrial system, and provide institutional and mechanism guarantees for the development of new quality productive forces.

习近平总书记强调：“新质生产力是创新起主导作用，摆脱传统经济增长方式、生产力发展路径，具有高科技、高效能、高质量特征，符合新发展理念的先进生产力质态。”这一重要论断深刻表明，新质生产力代表着产业体系中最为活跃和最具带动力的部分，对推动现代化产业体系建设和经济高质量发展具有关键引擎作用。我们必须深刻理解以新质生产力牵引现代化产业体系的重要意义和主攻方向，为新质生产力发展提供体制机制保障。

Developing new quality productive forces is an inherent requirement for building a modern industrial system

发展新质生产力是建设现代化产业体系的内在要求

An industrial system is a whole composed of interconnected industries; the modernization of the industrial system is a dynamic evolutionary process in which new quality productive forces continuously replace traditional productive forces. New quality productive forces are advanced productive forces spawned by revolutionary breakthroughs in technology, innovative allocation of factors of production, and deep transformation and upgrading of industries. Disruptive technologies and cutting-edge technological innovations give rise to new industries, new models, and new drivers, continuously increasing the proportion of emerging industries while relatively decreasing the proportion of traditional industries, thereby optimizing the internal structure of the industrial system. The new technological revolution not only helps improve the productivity of traditional factors of production and spawn new production factors (such as data factor), but also promotes the adjustment of factor allocation modes, making new quality productive forces an important support for enhancing the functionality, resilience, and efficiency of the industrial system. Traditional industries, by grafting new technologies and new models, obtain new growth curves and achieve deep transformation and upgrading, becoming another important path for new quality productive forces to guide the construction of a modern industrial system.

产业体系是由相互联系的各个产业所构成的整体，产业体系的现代化是新质生产力不断替代传统生产力的动态演化过程。新质生产力是由技术革命性突破、生产要素创新性配置、产业深度转型升级而催生的先进生产力质态。颠覆性技术和前沿技术创新催生新产业、新模式、新动能，推动新兴产业比重不断提升，而传统产业比重相对下降，使得产业体系内部结构不断优化。新科技革命不仅有利于提高传统生产要素的生产率，催生新生产要素（如数据要素），还推动要素配置方式调整，使得新质生产力成为推动产业体系功能、韧性和效率提升的重要支撑。传统产业通过嫁接新技术、新模式获得新的成长曲线，实现产业深度转型升级，成为当前新质生产力牵引现代化产业体系建设的另一重要路径。

Developing new quality productive forces is currently a key engine for building a modern industrial system in our country. At present, disruptive technologies and frontier technologies such as artificial intelligence, energy environment, life sciences, and aerospace are showing cluster-style breakthroughs, making intelligentization, greening, and integration important trends in the global technological revolution and industrial transformation, and also the most active fields for spawning new quality productive forces. These new technologies, new products, and new tracks can supplement the missing parts and weak links of our existing industrial system, thereby enhancing the system's integrity. At the same time, compared with traditional industries, the technological gap between our country and developed countries in these emerging industries is relatively smaller, which is more conducive to our country's industrial technological catch-up, forming “parallel running” or even “leading running,” and has important strategic significance for improving the advancement of our country's modern industrial system. In addition, new quality productive forces based on disruptive technologies and cutting-edge technologies are an important lever for breaking the “bottleneck” of key technologies imposed by developed countries on our country [1]1 “Card-neck” problem: a Chinese metaphor for being choked by foreign technological blockades, referring to situations where a country lacks core technologies and relies on others., and are conducive to building a more autonomous, controllable, safe, and stable modern industrial system.

发展新质生产力是当前我国建设现代化产业体系的关键引擎。当前，人工智能、能源环境、生命科学、航空航天等颠覆性技术、前沿技术呈现出簇群式突破，使得智能化、绿色化、融合化成为全球科技革命和产业变革的重要趋势，也成为催生新质生产力最为活跃的领域。这些新技术、新产品、新赛道可以补充我国现有产业体系的缺失部分和薄弱环节，进而增强产业体系的完整性。同时，相对于传统产业，我国在这些新兴产业领域与发达国家的技术差距相对更小，更有利于我国产业实现技术赶超，形成“并跑”甚至“领跑”，对于提高我国现代化产业体系的先进性具有重要战略意义。另外，以颠覆性技术、前沿技术为依托的新质生产力是破解发达国家对我国关键技术“卡脖子”的重要抓手，有利于我国建设更加自主可控和安全稳定的现代化产业体系。

The main direction for using new quality productive forces to guide the construction of a modern industrial system

以新质生产力牵引现代化产业体系建设的主攻方向

First, focusing on the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, promoting the advancement of the industrial base and the modernization of the industrial chain, and accelerating the realization of high-end, intelligent, green, and integrated manufacturing. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that developing new quality productive forces does not mean neglecting or abandoning traditional industries. Tradition does not equal backwardness; driven by the new technological revolution, traditional industries have great potential. By grafting artificial intelligence and digital technology, traditional industries can completely transform into new quality productive forces characterized by high technology, high efficiency, and high quality. For example, Guangzhou Zhijing Information Technology Co., Ltd., through its newly developed “Feisuo Intelligent Textile” digital-intelligent system, has carried out full-chain digital-intelligent transformation and upgrading of more than 9,000 textile enterprises, allowing upstream and downstream enterprises to achieve precise and efficient connection in technology R&D, product matching, order procurement, etc., pushing the industry's capacity utilization rate from 60% to 80%.

一是以传统产业转型升级为重点，推动产业基础高级化和产业链现代化，加快实现制造业走向高端化、智能化、绿色化和融合化。习近平总书记强调，发展新质生产力不是忽视、放弃传统产业。传统不等于落后，在新技术革命驱动下，传统产业大有可为，传统产业通过嫁接人工智能、数字技术完全可以蜕变为具有高科技、高效能和高质量特征的新质生产力。例如，广州致景信息科技有限公司通过新开发的“飞梭智纺”数智化系统，对9000多家纺织企业进行全产业链数智化升级改造，让上下游企业在技术研发、产品配套、订单采购等方面实现精准、高效的对接，推动行业产能利用率从60%提高至80%。

Second, focusing on the innovative application of cutting-edge technologies, accelerating the layout of strategic emerging industries and future industries. The current cluster-style emergence of emerging technologies in different fields brings huge opportunities for integrated innovation and entrepreneurship in strategic emerging industries and future industries, becoming a key area for spawning new quality productive forces. It is necessary to attach importance to the industrial application of frontier technologies, cultivating emerging industries and future industries through “creating something from nothing”; even more importantly, to attach importance to the integrated innovation of traditional technologies and emerging technologies, cultivating emerging industries and future industries derived from traditional industries through “creating something new from something existing.” For example, the Huangpu District of Guangzhou has initially formed a complete low-altitude economy industry chain from design and R&D to application service, bringing together 50 key enterprises with an industrial scale of nearly 13 billion yuan.

二是以前沿技术创新应用为重点，加速布局战略性新兴产业和未来产业。当前不同领域新兴技术的簇群式涌现为战略性新兴产业、未来产业融合型创新创业带来巨大机遇，成为催生新质生产力的关键领域。既要重视依托前沿技术的产业化应用，通过“无中生有”来培育新兴产业、未来产业；更要重视依托传统技术与新兴技术的融合创新，通过“有中生新”来培育衍生于传统产业的新兴产业、未来产业。例如，广州黄埔区已初步形成集设计研发至应用服务于一体的完整低空经济产业链，汇聚50家重点企业，产业规模近130亿元。

Third, we must build a high-quality and efficient modern service industry system, promoting the deep integration of modern service industries with advanced manufacturing. From the perspective of industrial development trends, artificial intelligence and digital technology are profoundly changing the business models, service methods, and management methods of the service industry, spawning new tracks, new models, new drivers, and new value for the service industry, making the service industry, especially producer services, an important direction for the development of new quality productive forces. It is necessary to make full use of emerging technologies to activate new scenarios and new drivers for life-related service consumption, and promote the deep integration of producer services with manufacturing. For example, Dongguan YHD Automation Technology Co., Ltd., as a one-stop supplier of factory automation (FA) components in China, has in recent years, through standard setting, supply chain management, and platform-based operational innovation, strengthened its own professional level while also improving its ability to cope with upstream and downstream risks, successfully transforming into a service-oriented manufacturing enterprise.

三是要构建优质高效的现代服务业新体系，推动现代服务业同先进制造业深度融合。从产业发展趋势来看，人工智能和数字技术正在深刻改变服务业的商业模式、服务方式和管理方法等，为服务业催生出新赛道、新模式、新动能和新价值，使得服务业尤其是生产性服务业成为新质生产力发展的重要方向。要充分利用新兴技术激活生活性服务消费新场景、新动能，推动生产性服务业与制造业深度融合。例如，广东东莞怡合达作为国内工厂自动化（FA）零部件一站式供应商，近年来，通过标准设定、管理供应链以及平台化运营创新，在加强自身专业化水平的同时，也提升应对上下游风险的能力，已成功转型为服务型制造企业。

Fourth, guide agriculture to “connect with secondary and tertiary industries” [2]2 “Connect with secondary and tertiary industries” (接二连三): a Chinese phrase used in agricultural policy, meaning agriculture links up with manufacturing (secondary industry) and services (tertiary industry) for integrated development. and integrate with manufacturing and service industries, pushing traditional agriculture toward modern large-scale agriculture. It is necessary to accelerate the promotion of science and technology to revitalize agriculture, increase core technology research in seed sources, and achieve self-reliance and self-control in seed technology and seed sources. It is necessary to accelerate digital empowerment, using the Internet of Things, big data, and other modern information technologies to develop smart agriculture, and using digital marketing models to promote the optimization and upgrading of agricultural product market channels. For example, Jiangmen, Guangdong, established the “Xinhui Chenpi Big Data Platform,” conducting comprehensive monitoring of Xinhui tangerine cultivation, processing, storage, planting intentions, output estimates, cost-benefit, and market sales data, realizing full-chain digitization. Through digital empowerment, the total output value of the entire Xinhui Chenpi industry has exceeded 30 billion yuan since 2020, driving an average increase of 20,000 yuan per farmer.

四是引导农业“接二连三”与制造业、服务业融合发展，推动传统农业走向现代化大农业。要加快推进科技兴农，加大种源关键核心技术攻关，实现种业科技自立自强、种源自主可控。要加快推进数字赋能，用物联网、大数据等现代信息技术发展智慧农业，利用数字营销模式推动农产品市场渠道优化升级。例如，广东江门创立“新会陈皮大数据平台”，对新会柑的种植、加工及仓储、种植意向、产量预计、成本收益、市场销售数据等进行全方位监测，实现全产业链数字化。通过数字赋能，2020年以来新会陈皮全产业总产值超300亿元，带动农民人均增收2万元。

Fifth, coordinate the development of traditional infrastructure and new-type infrastructure, building a modern infrastructure system that is systematic, complete, efficient and practical, green and intelligent, safe and reliable. The focus of traditional infrastructure construction is to unblock the “capillaries,” continuing to shore up weaknesses, strengthen strengths, and tap potential. The new quality productive forces spawned by the new round of technological revolution need to be upgraded from the previous thermal power and electric power to network power and computing power. It is necessary to accelerate the construction of new-type infrastructure. As the new urban construction pilot area designated by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Shenzhen Nanshan District took the lead in creating the “Shenzhen Smart City” CIM [3]3 CIM: City Information Modeling, a digital representation of a city’s physical and functional characteristics. unified network management platform in the 4-square-kilometer area of Houhai. By importing BIM models [4]4 BIM: Building Information Modeling, a digital representation of a building’s physical and functional characteristics. of important buildings within the jurisdiction and integrating urban operation data such as people, housing, and space, it provides a unified urban base map, construction framework, and platform capability support for various application modules, initially building a “digital twin of Nanshan.”

五是统筹传统基础设施与新型基础设施发展，构建系统完备、高效实用、绿色智能、安全可靠的现代化基础设施体系。传统基础设施的建设重点在于打通“毛细血管”，继续补短板、锻长板和挖潜能。新一轮科技革命催生的新质生产力需要从以往热力电力升级到网力算力。要加快新型基础设施建设，作为国家住建部指定的新城建试点区，深圳南山区率先在后海4平方公里区域内打造“圳智慧”CIM一网统管平台，通过导入辖区内重要建筑物BIM模型，融合人、房、空间等城市运行数据，为各应用板块提供统一的城市底图、建设框架和平台能力支撑，初步构建起“数字孪生南山”。

Institutional and mechanism guarantees for using new quality productive forces to guide the construction of a modern industrial system

以新质生产力牵引现代化产业体系建设的体制机制保障

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that deepening reforms of the science and technology system, education system, and talent system should unblock the blockages and sticking points that constrain the development of new quality productive forces. Facing global competition in new quality productive forces, our country must strengthen the supply of new quality production relations, forming institutional mechanisms and policy systems more suitable for the development of new quality productive forces.

习近平总书记指出，深化科技体制、教育体制、人才体制等改革，打通束缚新质生产力发展的堵点卡点。面对新质生产力的全球竞争，我国必须强化新质生产关系供给，形成更加适宜新质生产力发展的体制机制和政策体系。

Give play to the advantages of the new nationwide system for mobilization [5]5 New nationwide system for mobilization (新型举国体制): a state-led institutional framework for mobilizing resources across the country to achieve strategic technological breakthroughs, adapted from the earlier “whole-nation system” of the Mao era., promote the deep integration of the industrial chain and innovation chain, and enhance the supply capacity of industrial technology sources. It is necessary to solve as soon as possible the problem of “two separate skins” [6]6 “Two separate skins” (两张皮): a Chinese idiom meaning two things that should be integrated remain separate and disconnected. between scientific and technological innovation and industrial development, forming an institutional mechanism for collaborative innovation among industry, academia, and research, effectively pushing basic research and applied basic research in universities and research institutes to focus on solving key scientific issues of core technologies and common technologies in key industries. To this end, the roles of government, market, and society in the allocation of innovation resources must be adjusted accordingly. In specific industrial fields and specific technology stages, it is necessary to effectively exert the overall coordination role of the new nationwide system, making it an important supplement to the effective market. While strengthening fair market competition and intellectual property protection, the government, on the one hand, should increase investment in basic research from the technology supply side, and on the other hand, provide market cultivation support through government procurement from the market demand side.

发挥新型举国体制优势，推动产业链与创新链深度融合，增强产业技术源头供给能力。必须尽快解决科技创新与产业发展“两张皮”问题，形成产学研协同创新的体制机制，有效推动高校院所的基础研究和应用基础研究聚焦于解决重点产业核心技术和共性技术的关键科学问题。为此，政府、市场、社会在创新资源配置中的角色也要进行相应调整。要在特定产业领域和特定技术阶段有效发挥新型举国体制的全局协调作用，使其成为有效市场的重要补充。在强化市场公平竞争和知识产权保护的前提下，政府一方面要从技术供给端加大对基础研究的投入力度，另一方面要从市场需求端依托政府采购提供市场培育支持。

Guide the growth of new quality productive forces through cross-border integration and innovation, and break down institutional and mechanism barriers to industrial integration. At present, emerging technologies cross, penetrate, and integrate with each other, continuously creating new products, new business forms, and new models that cross traditional industrial boundaries, thereby leading to breakthroughs in traditional industries and rapid growth of emerging industries, making cross-border integration and innovation a key path for spawning and developing new quality productive forces and expanding and upgrading the industrial system. It is necessary to focus on breaking down departmental and industry access barriers, encouraging cross-border entry, integration innovation, and resource sharing. On the one hand, promote horizontal and vertical integration of industrial sectors, especially cross-border integration of emerging industries and traditional industries, and extension of upstream and downstream of the industrial chain. On the other hand, strengthen the deep integration of the digital economy and the real economy, encouraging artificial intelligence and digital technology to broaden application scenarios in traditional manufacturing, service industries, and agriculture.

以跨界融合创新牵引新质生产力成长，破解产业融合发展体制机制障碍。当前新兴技术之间交叉、渗透、融合，不断创造出跨越传统产业边界的新产品、新业态、新模式，进而牵引传统产业变革突破和新兴产业快速成长，使得跨界融合创新成为新质生产力催生发展和产业体系扩容提质的关键路径。要着力打破部门和行业准入壁垒，鼓励跨界进入、融合创新和资源共享。一方面，要推动产业部门的横向、纵向融合，尤其是新兴产业与传统产业跨界融合、产业链上下游延伸扩展。另一方面，加强数字经济与实体经济深度融合，鼓励人工智能和数字技术在传统制造、服务业和农业领域拓宽应用场景。

Clarify the fundamental position of competition policy, and accelerate the formation of an industrial policy system that spawns new quality productive forces. New industries, new models, and new drivers based on disruptive technologies and frontier technologies often face high uncertainty in their spawning and development process, relying on large-scale trial-and-error screening by market entities. To this end, it is necessary to strengthen the prepositive role and fundamental position of competition policy in the industrial policy system, while accelerating the transformation of selective industrial policy to functional industrial policy, further cultivating and enhancing the decisive role of market mechanisms in the development process of new quality productive forces. It is necessary to provide inclusive policies oriented to the entire market level, strengthen the supply of institutional public goods such as high-quality market competition rules and innovation incentive mechanisms, and improve the market environment and policy conditions for spawning new quality productive forces.

明确竞争政策的基础性地位，加快形成催生新质生产力的产业政策体系。以颠覆性技术和前沿技术为依托的新产业、新模式、新动能，其催生发展过程往往面临着高度不确定性，离不开市场主体的大规模试错筛选。为此，要强化竞争政策在产业政策体系中的前置作用和基础性地位，同时加快推动选择性产业政策向功能性产业政策转型，进一步培育和增进市场机制在新质生产力发展过程中的决定性作用。要面向整个市场层面提供普惠型政策，加强优质市场竞争规则与创新激励机制等制度类公共产品的供给，为催生新质生产力完善市场环境和政策条件。

Accelerate the construction of a unified large market, transform the incentive orientation of local governments, and promote the construction of a regional division of labor and cooperation system. Regions achieve coordinated development through industrial complementarity, and industrial layout achieves structural optimization through regional division of labor. It is necessary to transform the evaluation and incentive system for local governments, guiding local governments to shift from traditional productive forces development thinking to new quality productive forces development thinking, break down barriers to factor flow and homogeneous competition between regions, and promote the spatial layout optimization of new quality productive forces. It is necessary to build an efficient, standardized, fair, open, and fully competitive national unified large market, truly leveraging the huge advantages of a super-large market in concentrating resources, stimulating innovation, optimizing division of labor, and promoting competition, making it the market foundation for the development of new quality productive forces and a modern industrial system.

加快统一大市场建设，转变地方政府激励导向，推动构建区域分工协作体系。区域之间通过产业互补实现协调发展，而产业布局通过区域分工实现结构优化。要转变地方政府考评激励体系，引导地方政府从传统生产力发展思维转向新质生产力发展思维，破除区域间要素流动壁垒和同质竞争，推动新质生产力空间布局优化。要建设高效规范、公平竞争、充分开放的全国统一大市场，真正发挥超大规模市场在集聚资源、激励创新、优化分工、促进竞争方面的巨大优势，使之成为新质生产力发展和现代化产业体系的市场基石。

(The authors are Dean of the Institute of Industrial Economics, Jinan University, and Director of the Research Center for Modern Industrial System of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area; Distinguished Young Researcher at the School of Economics and Trade, Foshan University.)

（作者系暨南大学产业经济研究院院长、粤港澳大湾区现代化产业体系研究中心主任；佛山大学经济贸易学院特聘青年研究员）

Online editor: Huihui

网络编辑：慧慧