Accelerating the Development of the New-Type Rural Collective Economy

Rural collective economic organizations are important entities for developing and expanding the new-type rural collective economy, consolidating socialist public ownership, and promoting common prosperity; they are an important force for improving the rural governance system and achieving good rural governance; they are an important guarantee for enhancing the cohesion of the CPC's rural grassroots organizations and consolidating the Party's ruling foundation in the countryside. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC [1]1 The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC, held in July 2024, is a major meeting that focuses on comprehensively deepening reform and advancing Chinese modernization. emphasized, "develop a new-type rural collective economy, establish operational mechanisms with clearly defined property rights and reasonable distribution, and give farmers more adequate property rights and interests." At present, traditional agriculture is accelerating its transformation and upgrading to modern agriculture. Only by accelerating the development of the new-type rural collective economy and building a solid material foundation for advancing comprehensive rural revitalization can we more effectively promote the building of an agricultural powerhouse and achieve common prosperity for all the people.

农村集体经济组织是发展壮大新型农村集体经济、巩固社会主义公有制、促进共同富裕的重要主体，是健全乡村治理体系、实现乡村善治的重要力量，是提升中国共产党农村基层组织凝聚力、巩固党在农村执政根基的重要保障。党的二十届三中全会强调，“发展新型农村集体经济，构建产权明晰、分配合理的运行机制，赋予农民更加充分的财产权益”。当前，传统农业加快向现代农业转型升级，只有加快发展新型农村集体经济，为推进乡村全面振兴构筑坚实物质基础，才能更有效推进农业强国建设、实现全体人民共同富裕。

Developing the new-type rural collective economy is an important means to achieve strong agriculture, beautiful countryside, and prosperous farmers.

发展新型农村集体经济是实现农业强、农村美、农民富的重要手段

Rural collective economic organizations refer to regional economic organizations that are based on collective land ownership, legally exercise ownership on behalf of the collective of members, and implement a two-tier management system combining unified and decentralized operations based on the household contract responsibility system. They include township-level, village-level, and group-level rural collective economic organizations. The new-type rural collective economy is an economic form that, under the socialist market economy system, innovates and upgrades the traditional collective economy by relying on modern technology and management concepts. It is reflected in the expansion of business types, the upgrading of quality forms, and the diversification of realization methods. Promoting high-quality development of the new-type rural collective economy is an important means to achieve strong agriculture, beautiful countryside, and prosperous farmers, and is of great significance for advancing comprehensive rural revitalization.

农村集体经济组织，是指以土地集体所有为基础，依法代表成员集体行使所有权，实行家庭承包经营为基础、统分结合双层经营体制的区域性经济组织，包括乡镇级农村集体经济组织、村级农村集体经济组织、组级农村集体经济组织。新型农村集体经济是指在社会主义市场经济体制下，依托现代科技与管理理念对传统集体经济进行创新与升级的经济形态，体现为业态的拓展、质态的升级以及实现方式的多元化等。促进新型农村集体经济高质量发展是实现农业强、农村美、农民富的重要手段，对于推进乡村全面振兴具有重要意义。

Accelerating the development of the new-type rural collective economy is an important guarantee for building an agricultural powerhouse. At present, China ranks first in the world in the output of many agricultural products, but new goals and requirements such as breaking the tight balance of grain supply and demand and increasing the supply of green and high-quality agricultural products require further assistance from the new-type rural collective economy. As agricultural productive forces rapidly leap forward, production methods and organizational forms change, giving rise to issues of compatibility between new relations of production and productive forces. We should give full play to the "unified" function of the new-type rural collective economy, effectively integrate rural resources, continuously meet the needs of agricultural infrastructure construction and technological equipment upgrading, improve production efficiency, extend the industrial chain, promote the transformation and upgrading of traditional agriculture and the deep integration of primary, secondary, and tertiary industries, so as to meet new requirements in food security, scientific and technological progress, and other areas, and achieve the development goal of strong agriculture.

加快发展新型农村集体经济是建设农业强国的重要保障。当前，我国多种农业产品产量居全球首位，但突破粮食供求的紧平衡状态、增加绿色优质农产品供给等新目标新要求，需要新型农村集体经济的进一步助力。随着农业生产力快速跃升，生产方式和组织形式发生变化，出现了新的生产关系与生产力适配性问题。应充分发挥新型农村集体经济“统”的功能，有效整合农村资源，不断满足农业基础设施建设和科技装备升级的需要，提高生产效率，延长产业链条，促进传统农业转型升级和一二三产业深度融合，以应对粮食安全、科技进步等方面的新要求，实现农业强的发展目标。

Accelerating the development of the new-type rural collective economy is a necessary means to build a beautiful countryside. With the profound changes in the rural economic and social forms and the continuous improvement of urbanization levels, new changes have emerged, such as changes in the membership of rural collective economic organizations and long-term separation, accelerated rural aging and increased demand for social security, adjustments in interests and distribution, and other changes. Rural collective economic development faces new issues such as clearly defining property rights and providing public services. It is necessary, on the basis of enhancing the strength and vitality of the rural collective economy, to improve material security and the ability to resist risks, effectively improve and raise the level of public services in villages, strengthen the inheritance and supply of rural spiritual culture, promote the continuous improvement of the rural living environment, and achieve the development goal of beautiful countryside.

加快发展新型农村集体经济是打造美丽乡村的必要手段。随着农村经济社会形态的深刻变化、城镇化水平的持续提升，出现了农村集体经济组织成员变动与长期分离、农村加速老龄化与社会保障需求增加、利益调整与分配变动等新的变化，农村集体经济发展面临新的产权明晰与公共服务供给等问题。需要在增强农村集体经济实力和活力的基础上，提高物质保障和抵御风险的能力，有效改善和提高村庄的公共服务水平，强化乡村精神文化的传承与供给，促进农村人居环境持续改善，实现农村美的发展目标。

Accelerating the development of the new-type rural collective economy is the main lever for achieving common prosperity. In the stage of consolidating and expanding the achievements of poverty alleviation, facing issues such as the two-way flow of urban and rural factors and resources and the urban-rural income gap, it is necessary to closely combine farmers' subjective initiative with the development of the collective economy, effectively promoting all farmers to jointly embark on the path to prosperity. Stimulating the role of the new-type collective economy in optimizing the layout of rural industries, promoting the combination of multiple types of industries and the diversified development of the rural economy, can further increase farmers' income; through the strong organizational power of the collective economy, forming a joint force of labor and capital for joint construction and win-win results, effectively reducing individual business risks and increasing the stability of income, thereby achieving the development goal of prosperous farmers.

加快发展新型农村集体经济是实现共同富裕的主要抓手。在巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果阶段，面对城乡要素资源双向流动、城乡收入差距等问题，需要将农民的主观能动性与集体经济发展紧密结合，有效推动全体农民共同走上富裕道路。激发新型集体经济在促进乡村产业布局优化中的作用，促进多类型产业联合与农村经济多元化发展，能够进一步带动农民增收；通过集体经济的强大组织力，形成共建共赢的劳动、资本合力，有效降低个体经营风险，提高收入的稳定性，进而实现农民富的发展目标。

Further expand the development ideas and space of the new-type rural collective economy.

进一步拓展新型农村集体经济的发展思路和空间

At present, the development of China's rural collective economy is still insufficient. The integration of collective economic organizations with the rural industrial system needs to be deepened and their connection needs to be strengthened. It is necessary to further expand the development ideas and space of the new-type rural collective economy from aspects such as improving grassroots Party building, promoting industrial upgrading, property rights reform, and institutional optimization.

当前，我国农村集体经济发展仍不充分，集体经济组织与农村产业体系的融合有待深化、联系有待加强，需要从完善基层党建，推动产业升级、产权改革和制度优化等方面，进一步拓展新型农村集体经济的发展思路和空间。

Improve grassroots Party building and consolidate the organizational foundation for the development of the new-type rural collective economy. Adhering to the Party's leadership is the "anchor" and "compass" for promoting the high-quality development of the new-type rural collective economy. First, strengthen the construction of rural grassroots Party organizations and enhance the effectiveness of Party building in leading grassroots governance. Explore the form of "Party building +" to grasp the direction and quality of collective economic development. Second, strengthen the construction of the Party member team, and give full play to the role of grassroots Party organizations as fighting fortresses and the vanguard and exemplary role of Party members. Utilize assistance mechanisms such as stationing in villages and sinking to the grassroots level to select and strengthen the talent team, establish a reasonable incentive mechanism, and improve the governance capacity and execution of Party organizations in the rural collective economy. Third, consolidate resources through Party building, and play the role of mass organizations and social leadership. Optimize the talent team of collective economic organizations through cultivation, introduction, and selection. For example, Zhejiang Province launched the "Thousand Village CEO Training Program," Yuhang District in Hangzhou recruited rural professional managers, and Guangdong Province selected and sent professional managers to rural collective economic organizations, thereby consolidating more resources for the development of rural collective economies in various regions.

完善基层党建，夯实新型农村集体经济发展的组织基础。坚持党的领导，是推动新型农村集体经济高质量发展的“定盘星”和“指南针”。一是加强农村基层党组织建设，提升党建引领基层治理效能。探索以“党建+”的形式，把握集体经济发展的方向和质量。二是加强党员队伍建设，充分发挥基层党组织战斗堡垒作用和党员先锋模范作用。利用驻村、下沉等帮扶机制，选优配强人才队伍，建立合理的激励机制，提高党组织在农村集体经济中的治理能力和执行力。三是通过党建凝聚资源，发挥群众组织与社会引领作用。通过培育、引进与选派的方式，优化集体经济组织人才队伍。例如，浙江省启动“千名乡村CEO培养计划”，杭州余杭区招聘农村职业经理人，广东省向农村集体经济组织选派职业经理人等，为各地农村集体经济发展凝聚了更多资源。

Promote the transformation and upgrading of the rural industrial system and strengthen the industrial foundation for the development of the new-type rural collective economy. First, deeply explore and cultivate characteristic industries, fully stimulate the development potential of "big agriculture," and cultivate new advantages for collective economic development through horizontal grouping and vertical co-chaining. For example, Zhanqi Village in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, promoted the development of the characteristic industry of "Pixian Douban" (fermented bean paste) through collective stock quantification and other means. Second, promote collective economic organizations to tap the resource endowment advantages of village collectives, adopt diversified development methods such as resource contracting, property leasing, intermediary services, and asset equity participation according to local conditions, and explore new value-added mechanisms for the collective economy. For example, Xinfeng Village in Pudong New Area, Shanghai, evolved from exploring the "property leasing model" to the full industrial chain of "leasing – residence – operation," while Zhejiang's "village-village alliance" expanded collective industries through horizontal cooperation. Third, use emerging digital technologies to build platforms, strengthen two-way communication between rural and urban industries, accelerate the digital transformation of agriculture and non-agricultural industries, and promote the formation of new rural business forms. For example, Xiuwen County in Guizhou built a "Smart Agricultural Wholesale Cloud Platform," monitoring the price dynamics of over 1,600 agricultural products daily, and providing one-stop services such as food testing and cold chain warehousing, serving over 20,000 entities of various types.

推动农村产业体系转型升级，增强新型农村集体经济发展的产业基础。一是深入挖掘和培育特色产业，充分激发“大农业”发展潜力，通过横向组团、纵向共链的方式，培育集体经济发展新优势。例如，四川省成都市战旗村通过集体折股量化等方式，推动“郫县豆瓣”特色产业发展。二是促进集体经济组织挖掘村集体资源禀赋优势，因地制宜推行资源发包、物业出租、居间服务、资产参股等多样化发展方式，探索集体经济新的增值机制。例如，上海浦东新区新丰村，由探索“物业租赁模式”向“租赁—居住—经营”的全产业链发展，浙江的“村村联合”通过横向抱团合作扩大集体产业。三是利用新兴数字技术搭建平台，加强乡村与城镇产业的双向沟通，加快农业和非农产业数字化转型，推动乡村新业态形成。例如，贵州修文县通过搭建起“智慧农批云平台”，每日监控超过1600种农产品的价格动态，并提供食品检测、冷链仓储等一站式服务，服务各类主体超过2万户。

Strengthen institutional optimization and innovation to ensure the sustainability of the development of the new-type rural collective economy. First, deepen property rights reform, establish operational mechanisms with clearly defined property rights and reasonable distribution, fully empower and revitalize rural collective assets, and give farmers more adequate property rights and interests. For example, Songjiang District in Shanghai explored the market entry of rural collective construction land for operational use, expanding new ways to effectively utilize existing rural resources. Second, innovate the governance mechanism of the collective economy and improve the collective interest distribution system. Accelerate the integrated development of the collective economy and the market economy, explore ways to coordinate and promote the social security attributes and market operation attributes of the collective economy, so that farmers truly become beneficiaries of collective economic development, achieving simultaneous resonance and coordinated development of strengthening villages and enriching farmers. Third, on the basis of promoting the implementation of the Rural Collective Economic Organization Law, set up a reasonable regulatory system, optimize internal supervision mechanisms, build a solid external supervision system, strengthen the supervision of collective assets, effectively control operational risks, and ensure that the returns of the collective economy benefit every organizational member fairly.

加强制度优化与创新，保障新型农村集体经济发展的可持续性。一是深化产权改革，构建产权明晰、分配合理的运行机制，充分赋权并盘活农村集体资产，赋予农民更加充分的财产权益。例如，上海市松江区探索农村集体经营性建设用地入市，为农村存量资源的有效利用拓展新的途径。二是创新集体经济治理机制，完善集体利益分配体系。加快集体经济与市场经济融合发展，探索集体经济社会保障属性与市场经营属性的协调共促方式，让农民真正成为集体经济发展的受益者，实现强村与富民同频共振、同向发展。三是在推动农村集体经济组织法实施的基础上，设置合理的监管制度，优化内部监督机制，筑牢外部监督体系，强化集体资产监管，有效控制经营风险，确保集体经济收益公平惠及每一位组织成员。

(Authors: Kang Jiaojiao and Wu Fangwei, respectively Assistant Researcher at the Chinese-Path Modernization Research Institute of Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, and Dean and Professor of the Urban-Rural Development Research Institute of Shanghai University of Finance and Economics)

（作者：康姣姣 吴方卫，分别系上海财经大学中国式现代化研究院助理研究员，上海财经大学城乡发展研究院院长、教授）

Online editor: Huihui

网络编辑：慧慧