Unswervingly Advance High-Quality Joint Construction of the Belt and Road Initiative

The joint construction of the Belt and Road Initiative has moved from a Chinese initiative to international practice, from concept to action, and has entered a new stage of high-quality development. The Central Economic Work Conference held in December 2024 identified key tasks to be focused on in 2025, including “expanding high-standard opening up, stabilizing foreign trade and foreign investment,” with one specific task being “promoting high-quality joint construction of the Belt and Road to be deepened and substantiated, and improving the overseas comprehensive service system.” [1]1 The Central Economic Work Conference is an annual high-level meeting convened by the CPC Central Committee to set economic policy priorities for the following year. Earlier, at the fourth symposium on the construction of the Belt and Road Initiative, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that “opportunities and challenges coexist in promoting the high-quality development of the joint construction of the Belt and Road, but overall, opportunities outweigh challenges.” [2]2 The fourth symposium on the construction of the Belt and Road Initiative was held by the CPC Central Committee in 2024 to review progress and set strategic direction. Facing the current severe and complex international environment, it is necessary to summarize achievements and experiences, analyze and study the new situation, and with innovative thinking and solid actions, unswervingly advance high-quality joint construction of the Belt and Road.

共建“一带一路”从中国倡议走向国际实践，从理念转化为行动，已进入高质量发展新阶段。2024年12月召开的中央经济工作会议明确了2025年要抓好的重点任务，包括“扩大高水平对外开放，稳外贸、稳外资”，其中一项具体工作是“推动高质量共建‘一带一路’走深走实，完善海外综合服务体系”。此前，习近平总书记在第四次“一带一路”建设工作座谈会上强调，“推动共建‘一带一路’高质量发展机遇和挑战并存，但总体上机遇大于挑战”。面对当前严峻复杂的国际环境，需总结成绩和经验、分析研究新形势，以创新思维和扎实行动，坚定不移推进高质量共建“一带一路”。

Of Global Influence and Strategic Significance

具有全球影响和战略意义

As the first global, large-scale, and comprehensive international economic cooperation initiative proposed after China’s reform and opening up, the joint construction of the Belt and Road has achieved remarkable results through years of solid progress. Maintaining strategic focus, promoting high-quality joint construction of the Belt and Road to be deepened and substantiated, and demonstrating strategic foresight are of extraordinary significance.

作为我国改革开放后提出的第一个全球性、大规模、全方位国际经济合作倡议，共建“一带一路”经过多年来的务实推进，已取得显著成效。始终保持战略定力，推动高质量共建“一带一路”走深走实，彰显战略远见，意义非凡。

High-quality joint construction of the Belt and Road is the main pathway for expanding high-standard opening up, creating a favorable external environment for advancing Chinese-path modernization. Reform and opening up is the key move determining the success of Chinese-path modernization. To deeply advance Chinese-path modernization, it is necessary to attract global resource factors through the domestic economic cycle, enhancing the linkage effect of both domestic and international markets and resources. In recent years, China has continuously relaxed foreign investment access. The 2024 edition of the national negative list for foreign investment access reduced restrictive measures to 29 items, achieving a “zeroing out” of restrictive measures on foreign investment access in the manufacturing sector. [3]3 The negative list specifies sectors where foreign investment is restricted or prohibited; “zeroing out” means removing all restrictions in manufacturing. By the end of 2023, Chinese domestic investors had established 48,000 overseas enterprises in 189 countries and regions, including 17,000 in countries jointly building the Belt and Road. Theoretically, an increase in the proportion of reinvested earnings from overseas enterprises can, from one perspective, reflect the value-added capacity of investment and the willingness and confidence of enterprises in long-term investment in the Belt and Road. In 2023, the operations of Chinese overseas enterprises were generally sound, with nearly 70% being profitable or breaking even. That year, reinvested earnings amounted to 78.46 billion US dollars, accounting for 44.2% of China’s outward foreign direct investment flows in the same period.

高质量共建“一带一路”，是扩大高水平对外开放的主要路径，为推进中国式现代化营造良好外部环境。改革开放是决定中国式现代化成败的关键一招。深入推进中国式现代化，需要以国内大循环吸引全球资源要素，增强国内国际两个市场两种资源联动效应。近年来，中国不断放宽外资准入，2024年版全国外资准入负面清单限制措施减至29条，制造业领域外资准入限制措施实现“清零”。截至2023年底，中国境内投资者共在189个国家和地区设立境外企业4.8万家，其中在共建“一带一路”国家设立境外企业1.7万家。从理论上讲，境外企业收益再投资占比提高，可以从一个侧面体现投资增值能力，反映企业对“一带一路”长期投资的意愿和信心。2023年，中国境外企业的经营情况良好，近七成企业盈利或持平，当年收益再投资784.6亿美元，占同期中国对外直接投资流量的44.2%。

High-quality joint construction of the Belt and Road is the strategic support for major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics, providing an important practical platform for promoting the building of a community with a shared future for mankind. Building a community with a shared future for mankind is the lofty goal pursued by major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics in the New Era. In the process of high-quality joint construction of the Belt and Road, the economic system is coupled with the diplomatic system, better promoting an equal and orderly multipolar world and a universally beneficial and inclusive economic globalization, and building a world of lasting peace, universal security, common prosperity, openness and inclusiveness, clean and beautiful. In the future, China will further inherit and promote the Silk Road spirit of peace and cooperation, openness and inclusiveness, mutual learning, and mutual benefit. By actively constructing a multidimensional connectivity network for the Belt and Road, carrying out practical cooperation projects, and supporting people-to-people exchanges, China will contribute more Chinese wisdom to the great practice of building a community with a shared future for mankind.

高质量共建“一带一路”，是中国特色大国外交的战略支撑，为推动构建人类命运共同体提供重要实践平台。构建人类命运共同体是新时代中国特色大国外交追求的崇高目标。在高质量共建“一带一路”过程中，经济系统同外交系统耦合，更好推动平等有序的世界多极化和普惠包容的经济全球化，建设持久和平、普遍安全、共同繁荣、开放包容、清洁美丽的世界。未来，中国将进一步传承弘扬和平合作、开放包容、互学互鉴、互利共赢的丝路精神，通过积极构建“一带一路”立体互联互通网络、开展务实合作项目、支持民间交往等，为推动构建人类命运共同体的伟大实践贡献更多中国智慧。

Opportunities and Challenges Coexist

面临的机遇和挑战并存

The joint construction of the Belt and Road has moved from a “broad sketch” to a “fine brushwork painting,” becoming a widely welcomed global public good and a new platform for international cooperation in today’s world. It has injected new impetus and opened up new space for the prosperity and development of the world economy, with its international appeal, influence, and cohesion continuously strengthening. In November 2023, the “Vision and Actions for Unswervingly Promoting the Deepening and Substantiation of High-Quality Joint Construction of the Belt and Road – Prospects and Actions for the Next Decade of Joint Construction of the Belt and Road” was released, proposing a series of visions, ideas, and practical action measures, demonstrating a brighter future for the joint construction of the Belt and Road. [4]4 This document, published in 2023, outlines the vision and action plan for the next decade of the Belt and Road Initiative.

共建“一带一路”从“大写意”到“工笔画”，成为当今世界广受欢迎的全球公共产品与国际合作新平台，为世界经济繁荣发展注入了新动力、开辟了新空间，其国际感召力、影响力、凝聚力不断增强。2023年11月，《坚定不移推进共建“一带一路”高质量发展走深走实的愿景与行动——共建“一带一路”未来十年发展展望》发布，提出了一系列愿景思路和务实行动举措，展现出共建“一带一路”更加光明的未来。

An international cooperation initiative has been steadily and persistently pursued for over a decade, demonstrating extremely strong strategic foresight, strategic courage, and strategic focus. Its impact has already shown positive changes from quantitative to qualitative accumulation.

一项国际合作倡议稳扎稳打地坚持十多年，展现了极强的战略远见、战略勇气与战略定力，其影响已经呈现从量变到质变的积极变化。

In terms of project types, the framework for important projects such as infrastructure and production capacity cooperation has been largely completed, and new projects are continuously being added. For example, as a key project of high-quality joint construction of the Belt and Road between China and Peru, the first phase of the Chancay Port project was officially put into use in November 2024. It is the first smart port in South America and has a strong demonstration effect on attracting South American countries to participate in the joint construction of the Belt and Road. [5]5 Chancay Port is a major deep-water port project in Peru, co-financed and built by Chinese and Peruvian entities, inaugurated in November 2024. In terms of enterprise entities, central enterprises and other state-owned enterprises are the main force of the Belt and Road, while private enterprises are the new force. The two complement and support each other, promoting cooperation and project construction in various fields.

就项目类型看，基建、产能合作等重要项目搭建基本完成，且新项目不断入列。例如，作为中秘高质量共建“一带一路”的重点项目，钱凯港项目一期工程于2024年11月正式投入使用，是南美首个智慧港口，对吸引南美国家参与共建“一带一路”有极强的示范效应。就企业主体看，中央企业等国有企业是“一带一路”的主力军，民营企业是生力军，两者相辅相成、互为支撑，推动各领域合作和项目建设。

Currently, with the in-depth development of a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation, the world economy is accelerating its digitalization, greening, and intelligentization. Information technology is changing with each passing day, leading new changes in social production. The digital economy has become an important component of the global economy, and green development has become a consensus among countries worldwide. The joint construction of the Belt and Road conforms to the general laws and trends of the world economy, technology, industry, and social development. There is significant space for strengthening cooperation and cultivating new growth points in new fields such as digital and green sectors. Currently, the cooperation achievements of the Digital Silk Road are increasingly remarkable. At the third Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation, many countries expressed their desire to deepen cooperation with China on the Green Silk Road. [6]6 The third Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation was held in Beijing in October 2023.

目前，伴随新一轮科技革命和产业变革深入发展，世界经济数字化、绿色化、智能化进程不断加快，信息技术日新月异，引领社会生产新变革，数字经济成为全球经济重要组成部分，绿色发展成为当今世界各国的共识。共建“一带一路”顺应世界经济、技术、产业、社会发展普遍规律和时代大势，在数字、绿色等新领域加强合作、培育新增长点的空间很大。目前，数字丝绸之路的合作成果日益显著。在第三届“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛上，还有很多国家表示希望与中国深化绿色丝绸之路合作。

However, it must also be recognized that the world has entered a new period of turbulence and transformation. Unilateralism and protectionism have risen markedly, local conflicts and turmoil occur frequently, and the adverse impacts of changes in the external environment have deepened. Against this backdrop, to promote the high-quality development of the joint construction of the Belt and Road, it is necessary to properly address various risks and challenges, effectively overcome the impact of geopolitical conflicts, enhance the capacity for systemic risk prevention and control, promote strengthened communication and coordination among partner countries, reinforce the awareness of a security community, and correctly handle the relationship between enhancing the sense of gain for partner countries and adhering to being beneficial to China. In particular, focus should be placed on areas such as infrastructure construction, health, green ecology, education, and training, which are “visible and tangible” for the people of partner countries and can easily enhance their sense of gain and happiness. The role of “small yet smart” livelihood projects as lubricants and adhesives should be leveraged to deepen friendly mutual trust and interest integration with partner countries. At the same time, attention should be paid to improving the overseas comprehensive service system, exploring the establishment of an all-weather early warning and assessment comprehensive service platform for overseas project risks, providing timely early warnings and regular assessments. Chinese enterprises overseas should strengthen pragmatic cooperation, comply not only with Chinese laws but also with local laws and international rules in the host countries, enhance the capacity for overseas clean governance risk prevention, and strengthen project supervision, management, and risk prevention and control.

但还要看到，世界进入新的动荡变革期，单边主义、保护主义明显上升，局部冲突和动荡频发，外部环境变化带来的不利影响加深。在这样的背景下，推动共建“一带一路”高质量发展，必须妥善应对各种风险挑战，有效克服地缘冲突影响，提升系统性风险防控能力水平，促进共建国家间加强沟通对接，强化安全共同体意识，正确处理增强共建国家获得感和坚持于我有利的关系。特别是聚焦共建国家民众“看得见、摸得着”，容易提升获得感、幸福感的基础设施建设、卫生健康、绿色生态、教育培训等领域，发挥“小而美”惠民生项目润滑剂、黏合剂的作用，深化同共建国家的友好互信和利益融合。同时，重视完善海外综合服务体系，探索建立境外项目风险的全天候预警评估综合服务平台，及时预警、定期评估。在海外的中国企业应加强务实合作，既遵守中国的法律，也遵守所在国当地法律和国际规则，提升海外廉洁风险防范能力，加强项目监督管理和风险防控。

Strengthen Institutional Building and Overall Planning

加强机制建设和统筹谋划

Institutional building can play an important role in effectively responding to external risks and challenges and actively shaping a favorable external environment, providing direction and long-term stability. To promote the steady and sustained progress of high-quality joint construction of the Belt and Road, it is necessary to improve mechanisms such as the overall planning and management mechanism for joint construction of the Belt and Road cooperation plans, the coordinated promotion mechanism for “hard connectivity,” “soft connectivity,” and “people-to-people connectivity,” the pragmatic cooperation mechanism for industrial and supply chains, the international exchange and cooperation mechanism for emerging fields, the diversified investment and financing guarantee mechanism, the internal and external coordination mechanism for risk prevention and control, and the cooperation mechanism for a Clean Silk Road. All cooperation must always be conducted transparently, removing obstacles to foreign economic cooperation.

机制建设对于有效应对外部风险挑战、主动塑造有利外部环境能够发挥重要作用，管方向、管长远。推进高质量共建“一带一路”行稳致远，需要完善共建“一带一路”合作规划统筹管理机制、“硬联通”“软联通”“心联通”协调推进机制、产业链供应链务实合作机制、新兴领域国际交流合作机制、投融资多元化保障机制、风险防控内外协同机制、廉洁丝绸之路合作机制等，始终坚持一切合作在阳光下运行，消除对外经济合作的阻碍。

The joint construction of the Belt and Road is a systematic project. Having entered a new stage of high-quality development, its systematic nature is even more prominent. To continuously expand new spaces for win-win development at a higher level, with greater resilience and sustainability, it is necessary to attach importance to doing a good job in relevant aspects of overall planning.

共建“一带一路”是一项系统工程，进入高质量发展新阶段，其系统性更加突出。不断拓展更高水平、更具韧性、更可持续的共赢发展新空间，必须重视做好相关方面的统筹谋划。

Coordinate the deepening of “hard connectivity” in infrastructure, “soft connectivity” in rules and standards, and “people-to-people connectivity” with the people of partner countries. In recent years, landmark projects in the “hard connectivity” field have been launched or achieved major progress every year. The joint construction of the Belt and Road takes the “six corridors, six routes, multiple countries and multiple ports” [7]7 The “six corridors, six routes, multiple countries and multiple ports” refers to the basic framework of the Belt and Road Initiative, encompassing six major economic corridors (e.g., the China–Mongolia–Russia Economic Corridor, the New Eurasian Land Bridge), six types of routes (land, sea, air, etc.), multiple partner countries, and multiple key ports. as its basic framework, accelerating the construction of a multi-tiered and composite infrastructure network, playing an important role in promoting economic and trade cooperation and production capacity cooperation, and strengthening cultural exchanges and personnel flows. In October 2023, the Jakarta-Bandung High-Speed Railway, a flagship project of the joint construction of the Belt and Road by China and Indonesia, was officially opened and put into operation; in December 2024, the launching ceremony of the China–Kyrgyzstan–Uzbekistan railway project was held. The China–Kyrgyzstan–Uzbekistan railway is a landmark project of the tripartite joint construction of the Belt and Road, which will greatly change the constraints on the geographical development conditions of Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan. “Soft connectivity” can introduce rules and standards widely supported by all parties, advocate alignment with international rules and standards, and encourage developing countries to adopt rules and standards suitable for themselves. “People-to-people connectivity” helps build a closer global partnership network. For example, in June 2024, the China-Laos-Thailand-Malaysia cross-border railway train of the New Western Land-Sea Corridor departed from Chongqing, which will promote economic and trade cooperation and industrial linkage between regions along the corridor and ASEAN countries. 2024 was designated as the “China-ASEAN Year of People-to-People Exchanges,” promoting people-to-people exchanges and cooperation between China and ASEAN countries through the holding of diverse activities in fields such as education, culture, tourism, and sports. Taking “hard connectivity” as an important direction, “soft connectivity” as an important support, and “people-to-people connectivity” as an important foundation will further deepen and solidify connectivity, achieving development linkage and the sharing of outcomes.

统筹深化基础设施“硬联通”、规则标准“软联通”和同共建国家人民“心联通”。这些年来，“硬联通”领域每年都有标志性项目落地或取得重大进展。共建“一带一路”以“六廊六路多国多港”为基本架构，加快推进多层次、复合型基础设施网络建设，为促进经贸和产能合作、加强文化交流和人员往来发挥了重要作用。2023年10月，中国和印尼共建“一带一路”的金字招牌——雅万高铁正式开通运营；2024年12月，中国—吉尔吉斯斯坦—乌兹别克斯坦铁路项目启动仪式举行。中吉乌铁路是三国共建“一带一路”合作的标志性工程，将大大改变吉尔吉斯斯坦和乌兹别克斯坦在地理发展条件方面的约束。“软联通”可引入各方普遍支持的规则标准，倡导对接国际规则标准，鼓励发展中国家采用适合自己的规则标准。“心联通”有助于打造更加紧密的全球伙伴关系网络。例如，2024年6月，西部陆海新通道中老泰马跨境铁路班列在重庆启程，将促进通道沿线地区与东盟国家的经贸合作和产业联动。2024年被确定为“中国—东盟人文交流年”，通过举办教育、文化、旅游、体育等领域丰富多彩的活动，促进我国与东盟国家的人文交流合作。把“硬联通”作为重要方向，把“软联通”作为重要支撑，把“心联通”作为重要基础，将进一步促进互联互通走深走实，实现发展联动和成果共享。

Coordinate the advancement of major landmark projects and “small yet beautiful” livelihood projects. The joint construction of the Belt and Road takes high standards, sustainability, and benefiting people’s livelihoods as its goals, focusing on eradicating poverty, increasing employment, and improving people’s livelihoods, so that the fruits of cooperation better benefit all the people. If major landmark projects are like arterial blood vessels, then “small yet beautiful” livelihood projects are like capillaries; coordinating the two can better enhance the sense of gain and happiness of the people in partner countries, and increase broad recognition of the Belt and Road Initiative. Livelihoods are linked to people’s hearts. Most countries jointly building the Belt and Road are developing countries, generally lacking the vocational and skilled personnel needed to advance industrialization and modernization. Currently, China has cooperated to build more than 30 Luban Workshops [8]8 Luban Workshops are Chinese vocational education and training programs established abroad, named after the ancient Chinese craftsman Lu Ban, aimed at providing skill training to local youth in partner countries. across Asia, Europe, and Africa, with degree education cumulatively training nearly 10,000 students and implementing vocational training for over 31,000 person-times. The construction of Luban Workshops adheres to a demand-oriented approach, offering more than 70 majors in partner countries, including industrial robotics, new energy, and the Internet of Things, helping more young people achieve employment. Practice has proven that high-quality joint construction of the Belt and Road requires not only “building roads” but also “connecting hearts.” Warm livelihood projects are the most effective at connecting hearts and are the most efficient at achieving resonance.

统筹推进重大标志性工程和“小而美”民生项目建设。共建“一带一路”以高标准、可持续、惠民生为目标，聚焦消除贫困、增加就业、改善民生，让合作成果更好惠及全体人民。如果说重大标志性工程像是动脉血管，那么“小而美”民生项目就像是毛细血管，两者统筹推进，可以更好增强共建国家民众的获得感和幸福感，增进对共建“一带一路”倡议的广泛认同。民生连着民心。共建“一带一路”国家多为发展中国家，普遍缺乏推进工业化、现代化的职业技能人才。目前，中国已在亚欧非三大洲合作建成30余个鲁班工坊，学历教育累计培养学生近万人，实施职业培训超过3.1万人次。鲁班工坊建设坚持需求导向，在共建国家开设了工业机器人、新能源、物联网等70多个专业，帮助更多年轻人实现就业。实践证明，高质量共建“一带一路”不仅要“通路”，更要“通心”。有温度的民生项目是最通民心的，是最有效力最能够实现共振的。

Coordinate the consolidation of cooperation in traditional fields and the steady expansion of cooperation in emerging fields. To deepen and solidify high-quality joint construction of the Belt and Road, it is necessary to optimize the existing stock and create new increments. If cooperation in traditional fields is compared to the stock, then cooperation in emerging fields can be said to be the increment. The “Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Promoting Chinese-Path Modernization” adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee [9]9 The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC was held in July 2024, focusing on further comprehensively deepening reform and promoting Chinese-path modernization. proposes to continue implementing the Belt and Road Science, Technology and Innovation Cooperation Action Plan, strengthening the construction of multilateral cooperation platforms in fields such as green development, the digital economy, artificial intelligence, energy, taxation, finance, and disaster reduction. In the era of the digital economy, deepening and solidifying high-quality joint construction of the Belt and Road is inseparable from digital empowerment. In 2024, the first meeting of the China-Singapore Digital Policy Dialogue Mechanism exchanged views on cooperation in the field of cross-border data; through mechanism building, the two sides will facilitate the cross-border flow of enterprise data, cultivate and strengthen new business forms and models of the digital economy, and promote high-quality development of digital trade. Currently, artificial intelligence is developing rapidly worldwide. In October 2023, President Xi Jinping pointed out in his keynote speech at the opening ceremony of the Third Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation that China is “willing to strengthen exchanges and dialogue with all countries to jointly promote the healthy, orderly, and safe development of global artificial intelligence.” In addition, green development and health are also emerging fields with great development potential for the joint construction of the Belt and Road. Regarding the Health Silk Road, traditional Chinese medicine is a great creation of the Chinese nation and a typical representative and important component of world traditional medicine, exhibiting rich and diverse values in the joint construction of the Belt and Road. To promote the orderly development of international cooperation in the field of traditional Chinese medicine for the joint construction of the Belt and Road, relevant departments issued the “Plan for Promoting the High-Quality Integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine into the Joint Construction of the Belt and Road (2021–2025).”

统筹巩固传统领域合作和稳步拓展新兴领域合作。推动高质量共建“一带一路”走深走实，需要优化存量、创造增量。如果把传统领域合作比作存量，那么新兴领域合作就可以说是增量。党的二十届三中全会通过的《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的决定》提出，继续实施“一带一路”科技创新行动计划，加强绿色发展、数字经济、人工智能、能源、税收、金融、减灾等领域的多边合作平台建设。数字经济时代，推动高质量共建“一带一路”走深走实，离不开数字赋能。2024年，中国与新加坡数字政策对话机制首次会议就数据跨境领域合作展开交流，双方将通过机制建设，便利企业数据跨境流动，培育壮大数字经济新业态新模式，推动数字贸易高质量发展。当前，人工智能正在世界范围内迅猛发展。2023年10月，习近平主席在第三届“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛开幕式上的主旨演讲中指出，“愿同各国加强交流和对话，共同促进全球人工智能健康有序安全发展”。此外，绿色、健康等也都是共建“一带一路”极有发展潜力的新兴领域。就健康丝绸之路而言，中医药是中华民族的伟大创造，也是世界传统医药的典型代表和重要组成部分，在共建“一带一路”中展现出丰富的多元价值。为推动共建“一带一路”在中医药领域的国际合作有序发展，有关部门印发了《推进中医药高质量融入共建“一带一路”发展规划（2021—2025年）》。

Openness is a distinctive marker of Chinese-path modernization. Unswervingly advancing the high-quality joint construction of the Belt and Road, continuously promoting the coordinated development of imports and exports, trade in goods and trade in services, bilateral trade and two-way investment, and trade and industry, and facilitating the orderly and free flow of international and domestic factors, efficient allocation of resources, and deep integration of markets, will inevitably create more development opportunities and greater development space, providing more impetus for advancing Chinese-path modernization and global common development.

开放是中国式现代化的鲜明标识，坚定不移推进高质量共建“一带一路”，不断推动进口和出口、货物贸易和服务贸易、双边贸易和双向投资、贸易和产业协调发展，促进国际国内要素有序自由流动、资源高效配置、市场深度融合，必将创造更多发展机遇和更大发展空间，为推进中国式现代化和全球共同发展提供更多动力。

[The author is a researcher at the Research Center for Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era of the Party School of the Central Committee of the CPC (National Academy of Governance) and Deputy Director of its Research Office.]

【作者系中央党校（国家行政学院）习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究中心研究员、研究室副主任】

Online editor: Huihui

网络编辑：慧慧