Forming a Powerful Joint Force of Coordinated Efforts — Xi Jinping's Emphasis on 'Two-Wheel Drive'

"Two-wheel drive" means two wheels turning together to provide strong propulsion, signifying that two aspects coordinate with each other, exert joint force, and advance in an integrated manner. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC,[1]1 The 18th National Congress of the CPC was held in November 2012. General Secretary Xi Jinping, focusing on solving practical problems in reform and opening up and socialist modernization in the New Era, has delivered important speeches on building China's strength in cyberspace, integrated urban-rural development, national innovation capacity, a new type of major-country diplomacy, and advancing the work on carbon peak and carbon neutrality,[2]2 "Carbon peak and carbon neutrality" refers to China's goals of reaching a peak in carbon emissions by 2030 and achieving carbon neutrality by 2060. and has clearly put forward and elaborated on various aspects of "two-wheel drive." An in-depth study and understanding of these important expositions has important theoretical and practical significance for persisting in dialectical thinking, applying a systematic approach, coordinating forces, and jointly advancing the great cause of building a great country and national rejuvenation on the new journey of the New Era.

“双轮驱动”，即两个轮子一起转，以提供强大推动力，意指两方面相互协调、共同发力、统筹推进。党的十八大以来，习近平总书记着眼解决新时代改革开放和社会主义现代化建设的实际问题，围绕网络强国建设、城乡融合发展、国家创新能力、新型大国外交、推进“双碳”工作等发表重要讲话，明确提出并阐发了诸多方面的“双轮驱动”。深入学习领会这些重要论述，对于我们新时代新征程上坚持辩证思维、运用系统观念，协同发力、共同推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业具有重要的理论和现实意义。

On February 27, 2014, at the first meeting of the Central Leading Group for Cybersecurity and Informatization,[3]3 The Central Leading Group for Cybersecurity and Informatization was established in 2014; it was later restructured into the Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission in 2018. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that cybersecurity and informatization are two wings of one body and two wheels of one drive, and must be planned, deployed, advanced, and implemented in a unified manner. Cybersecurity and informatization development are a dialectical unity. Security is the guarantee for development, and development is the purpose of security. To do a good job in cybersecurity and informatization work, we must handle the relationship between security and development. Without cybersecurity there is no national security, and without informatization there is no modernization. Paying attention to both development and security is the key to promoting China's transformation from a large cyber country to a strong cyber country. Only by closely combining cybersecurity and informatization and exerting the effect of "1+1>2" can we grasp the future of informatization development and accelerate the pace of building China into a cyber power. The strategy of building a cyber power is a strategy in which cybersecurity and informatization fly on both wings and are driven by two wheels. To build a cyber power, it is necessary to solve the problem of cybersecurity and also accelerate the development of informatization, achieving coordination and progress side by side, ensuring development through security and promoting security through development, and striving to build a situation of lasting peace and a long-term stable enterprise.

2014年2月27日，习近平总书记在中央网络安全和信息化领导小组第一次会议上强调，网络安全和信息化是一体之两翼、驱动之双轮，必须统一谋划、统一部署、统一推进、统一实施。网络安全和信息化发展是辩证统一的关系。安全是发展的保障，发展是安全的目的。做好网络安全和信息化工作，要处理好安全和发展的关系。没有网络安全就没有国家安全，没有信息化就没有现代化。既注重发展又注重安全，是推进我国从网络大国向网络强国转变的关键。只有将网络安全和信息化紧密结合起来，发挥“1+1>2”的效应，才能把握信息化发展的未来，加快我国建设网络强国的步伐。网络强国战略是网络安全与信息化两翼齐飞、双轮驱动的战略。建设网络强国，既要解决网络安全问题，也要加快发展信息化，做到协调一致、齐头并进，以安全保发展、以发展促安全，努力建久安之势、成长治之业。

On April 30, 2015, at the 22nd collective study session of the 18th Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee,[4]4 The 22nd collective study session of the 18th Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee was held on April 30, 2015. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that it is necessary to continue to promote the construction of a new countryside, making it develop in coordination with new-type urbanization, mutually beneficial and integrated, forming a two-wheel drive. Promoting integrated urban-rural development and advancing integrated urban-rural development are inevitable requirements and important symbols of Chinese-path modernization. Currently, urban-rural relations have entered a new historical period. To empower integrated urban-rural development with further comprehensive deepening of reform, it is necessary to coordinate new-type industrialization, new-type urbanization, and comprehensive rural revitalization, comprehensively raise the level of integration in urban-rural planning, construction, and governance, promote equal exchange and two-way flow of urban-rural factors, narrow the urban-rural gap, and promote common prosperity and development of both urban and rural areas. Improve the mechanism for unified urban-rural planning, give overall consideration to the compilation of urban-rural development plans, design them as one, integrate multiple plans into one, and promote integrated urban-rural construction. Improve the mechanism for rural infrastructure construction, promote interconnection, joint construction and sharing of urban-rural infrastructure. Promote the formation of a system and mechanism for equalizing basic public services between urban and rural areas, improve the equal employment system for urban and rural workers, so that agricultural transfer population can enter towns, live there, integrate, find jobs, and start businesses, opening up new space for integrated urban-rural development.

2015年4月30日，习近平总书记在十八届中央政治局第二十二次集体学习时指出，要继续推进新农村建设，使之与新型城镇化协调发展、互惠一体，形成双轮驱动。推进城乡发展一体化、推动城乡融合发展，是中国式现代化的必然要求和重要标志。当前，城乡关系已经迈入新的历史时期。以进一步全面深化改革赋能城乡融合发展，必须统筹新型工业化、新型城镇化和乡村全面振兴，全面提高城乡规划、建设、治理融合水平，促进城乡要素平等交换、双向流动，缩小城乡差别，促进城乡共同繁荣发展。健全城乡规划统筹机制，通盘考虑城乡发展规划编制，一体设计，多规合一，促进城乡一体化建设。完善农村基础设施建设机制，推进城乡基础设施互联互通、共建共享。推动形成城乡基本公共服务均等化体制机制，完善城乡劳动者平等就业制度，让农业转移人口在城镇进得来、住得下、融得进、能就业、可创业，打开城乡融合发展新空间。

On May 28, 2018, at the 19th Academician Conference of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the 14th Academician Conference of the Chinese Academy of Engineering,[5]5 The 19th Academician Conference of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the 14th Academician Conference of the Chinese Academy of Engineering were held in Beijing on May 28, 2018. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that it is necessary to adhere to the "two-wheel drive" of scientific and technological innovation and institutional innovation, take problem orientation and demand traction, work hard on practice carriers, institutional arrangements, policy guarantees, and environmental creation, make continuous efforts in innovation entities, innovation foundations, innovation resources, and innovation environment, strengthen the national strategic scientific and technological strength, and improve the overall efficiency of the national innovation system. Innovation is a systematic project, and scientific and technological innovation and institutional innovation must work together. Adhering to the "two-wheel drive" of scientific and technological innovation and institutional innovation means using scientific and technological innovation to open up new fields and new tracks for development, shape new momentum and new advantages for development, use institutional innovation to remove institutional mechanisms that constrain scientific and technological innovation, maximize the enthusiasm of innovation entities, and release innovation vitality to the greatest extent. To promote innovation-driven development and accelerate scientific and technological innovation, it is necessary to adhere to the four orientations: facing the world's scientific and technological frontiers, facing the main battlefield of the economy, facing the nation's major needs, and facing the people's life and health,[6]6 The "four orientations" is a policy slogan urging scientific and technological innovation to face the world's scientific frontiers, the main battlefield of the economy, the nation's major needs, and the people's life and health. connect the innovation chain and the industrial chain, give full play to the advantages of China's ultra-large market conducive to the transformation and application of scientific and technological innovation achievements, and use market demand to drive scientific and technological innovation. The key to promoting scientific and technological innovation and institutional innovation in coordination is to vigorously promote institutional innovation, leverage the role of the new type of national system for mobilizing resources,[7]7 The "new type of national system for mobilizing resources" (新型举国体制) refers to a mechanism that concentrates national resources to achieve breakthroughs in key technologies, adapting the traditional socialist system of concentrating forces to accomplish large undertakings to market conditions. accelerate the transformation of government scientific and technological management functions, give play to organizational advantages, make enterprises truly the main body of scientific and technological innovation, break the institutional mechanisms that constrain the enthusiasm and creativity of scientific and technical personnel, stimulate the innovation passion and vitality of various types of entities, and allow innovation factors to fully surge.

2018年5月28日，习近平总书记在中国科学院第十九次院士大会、中国工程院第十四次院士大会上强调，要坚持科技创新和制度创新“双轮驱动”，以问题为导向，以需求为牵引，在实践载体、制度安排、政策保障、环境营造上下功夫，在创新主体、创新基础、创新资源、创新环境等方面持续用力，强化国家战略科技力量，提升国家创新体系整体效能。创新是一个系统工程，科技创新、制度创新要协同发挥作用。坚持科技创新和制度创新“双轮驱动”，就是要以科技创新开辟发展的新领域新赛道，塑造发展的新动能新优势，以制度创新破除制约科技创新的体制机制障碍，最大程度调动创新主体的积极性，最大限度释放创新活力。推动创新驱动发展、加快科技创新，要坚持面向世界科技前沿、面向经济主战场、面向国家重大需求、面向人民生命健康，打通创新链和产业链，充分发挥我国超大规模市场有利于科技创新成果转化应用的优势，以市场需求拉动科技创新。协同推进科技创新和制度创新，关键是要通过大力推进制度创新，发挥新型举国体制作用，加快转变政府科技管理职能，发挥好组织优势，让企业真正成为科技创新的主体，打破束缚科技人员积极性和创造性的体制机制障碍，激发各类主体创新激情和活力，让创新要素充分涌流。

On November 11, 2019, at a welcome banquet hosted by Greek President Prokopios Pavlopoulos,[8]8 Prokopios Pavlopoulos served as President of Greece from 2015 to 2020. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that he hoped the two sides would use pragmatic cooperation and civilizational dialogue as the "two wheels" to drive the development of the comprehensive strategic partnership and make new contributions to world peace and common prosperity. Exchange and mutual learning are the essential requirements of civilization development. China-Greece friendship is not only cooperation between the two countries, but also a dialogue between two major civilizations. In recent years, cooperation and exchanges between China and Greece in fields such as economy and trade, transportation, sports, education, and tourism have flourished. Civilization exchanges and mutually beneficial cooperation are the two bonds of China-Greece relations. China-Greece relations are becoming a model of peaceful coexistence and win-win cooperation between countries with different systems and cultures. The world today is undergoing changes unseen in a century, and mankind faces more severe global challenges, which gives China-Greece relations more profound significance of the times and a broad world stage. China and Greece will jointly demonstrate the responsibility of ancient civilizations, contribute the wisdom that ancient civilizations should have to improve the global governance system, create a way for different civilizations and people of all countries to coexist harmoniously, and make due contributions to jointly building a community with a shared future for mankind.

2019年11月11日，习近平总书记在出席希腊总统帕夫洛普洛斯举行的欢迎宴会上强调，希望双方以务实合作和文明对话“双轮”驱动全面战略伙伴关系发展，为世界和平、共同繁荣作出新贡献。交流互鉴是文明发展的本质要求。中希友好不仅是两国的合作，更是两大文明的对话。近年来，中希两国在经贸、交通、体育、教育、旅游等领域的合作交流蓬勃发展。文明交流、互利合作是中希关系的两大纽带，中希关系正成为不同制度、不同文化国家之间和平相处、合作共赢的典范。当今世界正经历百年未有之大变局，人类面临更加严峻的全球性挑战，这赋予了中希关系更加深远的时代意义和广阔的世界舞台。中希两国将共同展现文明古国的责任担当，为完善全球治理体系贡献古老文明应有的智慧，打造不同文明以及各国人民和谐共处之道，为携手构建人类命运共同体作出应有贡献。

On March 5, 2023, when participating in the deliberation of the Jiangsu delegation at the first session of the 14th National People's Congress,[9]9 The first session of the 14th National People's Congress was held in Beijing from March 5, 2023. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that it is necessary to strengthen the two-wheel drive of science and technology and reform, deepen the reform of the rural land system, consolidate and improve the basic rural operation system, develop new types of rural collective economies, develop new types of agricultural business entities and socialized services, develop moderate-scale rural management, and increase momentum and vitality for agricultural and rural development. Strengthening the two-wheel drive of science and technology and reform is an important method and path to promote comprehensive rural revitalization and achieve agricultural modernization. The key to agricultural modernization lies in scientific and technological progress and innovation. Science and technology should be regarded as an important support for China's agriculture to break through upward, and self-reliance and self-improvement in science and technology should be taken as the strategic support for building a strong agricultural country. Strengthen the integration of agriculture and rural areas with science and technology, take the research of key core agricultural technologies as the guide, focus on fields such as chassis technology, core germplasm resources, key agricultural machinery equipment, and build a agricultural science and technology innovation system with clear echelons, division of labor and cooperation, and moderate competition. The more rural revitalization advances, the more reform is needed to increase momentum and vitality. We must always regard deepening rural reform as an important magic weapon for rural revitalization. To further deepen rural reform, it is necessary to reform and improve the basic rural operation system, improve the support system for strengthening agriculture, benefiting farmers, and enriching farmers, deepen land system reform, make good use of the experience of the "Thousand Villages Demonstration, Ten Thousand Villages Renovation" project,[10]10 The "Thousand Villages Demonstration, Ten Thousand Villages Renovation" project is a rural improvement initiative launched in Zhejiang province in 2003, later promoted nationwide. and promote comprehensive rural revitalization.

2023年3月5日，习近平总书记在参加十四届全国人大一次会议江苏代表团审议时强调，要强化科技和改革双轮驱动，深化农村土地制度改革，巩固和完善农村基本经营制度，发展新型农村集体经济，发展新型农业经营主体和社会化服务，发展农村适度规模经营，为农业农村发展增动力、添活力。强化科技和改革双轮驱动，是推进乡村全面振兴、实现农业现代化的重要方法路径。农业现代化的关键在科技进步和创新。要将科技作为我国农业向上突围的重要依托，把科技自立自强作为农业强国建设的战略支撑。加强农业农村与科技融合，以农业关键核心技术攻关为引领，聚焦底盘技术、核心种源、关键农机装备等领域，构建梯次分明、分工协作、适度竞争的农业科技创新体系。乡村振兴越往前推进，越需要改革增动力、添活力。要始终把深化农村改革作为乡村振兴的重要法宝。进一步深化农村改革，要改革和完善农村基本经营制度，完善强农惠农富农支持制度，深化土地制度改革，用好“千万工程”经验，推动乡村全面振兴。

From July 17 to 18, 2023, at the National Conference on Ecological and Environmental Protection, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that it is necessary to actively and steadily advance carbon peak and carbon neutrality, adhere to the principles of national coordination, conservation priority, two-wheel drive, smooth internal and external channels, and risk prevention, implement the "1+N" policy system for carbon peak and carbon neutrality,[11]11 The "1+N" policy system for carbon peak and carbon neutrality consists of a top-level guiding document (the "1") and a series of implementation plans for specific sectors and regions (the "N"). build a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient energy system, accelerate the construction of a new type of power system, and enhance the national capacity to ensure oil and gas security. Achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality is a multi-dimensional, three-dimensional, and systematic project, and a process of continuously optimizing resource allocation. To achieve optimal allocation of resources, it is necessary to adhere to dialectical thinking, emphasize the theory of two points, need both an "active government" and an "effective market," adhere to two-wheel drive, and use both hands to actively and steadily advance the "dual carbon" work. Give full play to the leading role of the government and its role in overall planning and regulation, actively build a new type of national system for mobilizing resources that takes achieving the "dual carbon" goals as the mainstay, with scientific coordination, concentration of strength, optimization of mechanisms, and collaborative research, optimize government service functions, strengthen scientific and technological and institutional innovation, and accelerate the green and low-carbon scientific and technological revolution. At the same time, it is necessary to give full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, deepen reforms in the energy and related fields, scientifically construct pricing mechanisms, reduce the cost of pollution reduction and carbon reduction, strive to improve energy efficiency, seize the commanding heights of the new energy industry, strengthen international green cooperation, and advance the "dual carbon" process through market-based construction.

2023年7月17日至18日，习近平总书记在全国生态环境保护大会上强调，要积极稳妥推进碳达峰碳中和，坚持全国统筹、节约优先、双轮驱动、内外畅通、防范风险的原则，落实好碳达峰碳中和“1+ N”政策体系，构建清洁低碳安全高效的能源体系，加快构建新型电力系统，提升国家油气安全保障能力。实现碳达峰碳中和是一项多维、立体、系统的工程，是一个不断优化资源配置的过程。实现资源的优化配置，就要坚持辩证思维，讲两点论，既要“有为政府”，也要“有效市场”，坚持双轮驱动、两手发力积极稳妥推进“双碳”工作。充分发挥政府主导作用和统筹调控作用，积极构建以实现“双碳”目标为主的科学统筹、集中力量、优化机制、协同攻关的新型举国体制，优化政府服务职能，强化科技和制度创新，加快绿色低碳科技革命。同时，要充分发挥市场配置资源的决定性作用，深化能源和相关领域改革，科学构建定价机制，降低减污降碳成本，着力提升能源使用效率，抢占新能源产业制高点，加强国际绿色合作，以市场化建设推进“双碳”进程。

Online editor: Huihui

网络编辑：慧慧