Accelerating the Development of New Quality Productive Forces through Deep Industrial Transformation and Upgrading

Deep industrial transformation and upgrading is one of the key forms for the development of new quality productive forces. Deep industrial transformation and upgrading generally refers to promoting the optimization of industrial structure through improvements in technology, market, management and other aspects, making it more conducive to economic and social development. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that the manifestation of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements into actual productive forces is the emergence of new industries and the promotion of deep industrial transformation and upgrading. To accelerate the development of new quality productive forces, it is necessary to take deep industrial transformation and upgrading as the main direction of attack, promote in an integrated manner the deployment of the industrial innovation chain, the industrial development chain, and the industrial talent chain, and on the basis of a modernized industry, develop more pillar industries. By building a complete and sound industrial chain, guide the flow of factors of production to the development of new quality productive forces, and promote a mutual reinforcement and synchronous resonance between deep industrial transformation and upgrading and the cultivation of new quality productive forces.

产业深度转型升级是新质生产力发展的关键形式之一。产业深度转型升级‌一般是指通过技术、市场和管理等多方面的改进，推动产业结构优化，使其更有利于经济和社会发展。习近平总书记指出，科技成果转化为现实生产力，表现形式为催生新产业、推动产业深度转型升级。加快发展新质生产力，必须以产业深度转型升级为主攻方向，一体化推进部署产业创新链、产业发展链、产业人才链，以现代化产业为基础，发展更多支柱产业，通过打造完整、健全的产业链，引导生产要素向发展新质生产力流动，推动产业深度转型升级与培育新质生产力相互促进、同频共振。

At present, the proportion of traditional industries in China's industrial layout is still relatively large, and traditional industries remain the basic stock of China's economy, facing structural problems such as distortion of price factors, being locked into the low end of the value chain, and serious environmental pollution to varying degrees. The key to promoting deep industrial transformation and upgrading is to properly handle the relationship between emerging industries and traditional industries. It is necessary both to consider supporting conditions such as regional resource endowments and formulate differentiated development paths, and to promote the common development of traditional industries and emerging industries based on factor characteristics, thereby avoiding the problem of insufficient factor input that may arise during the deep transformation and upgrading of traditional industries. General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed: "Developing new quality productive forces does not mean ignoring or abandoning traditional industries. We must prevent a rush of activity and bubbling [1]1 "一哄而上" is a four-character idiom meaning a rush headlong into mass action without careful planning, often leading to disorder., nor should we adopt a single model." Deep industrial transformation and upgrading can not only effectively avoid the waste of resources that may result from blindly advancing emerging industry projects, but also greatly expand the development space for traditional industries, thereby enhancing the multiplier effect between emerging industries and traditional industries. This points the way for us to identify the path, adopt targeted measures, and accelerate the development of new quality productive forces.

当前，我国产业布局中传统产业占比仍然较大，传统产业仍然是我国经济的基本盘，面临着不同程度的价格要素扭曲、价值链低端锁定、环境污染严重等结构性问题。推动产业深度转型升级，关键是要处理好新兴产业和传统产业的关系，既要考虑各地区资源禀赋等支撑性条件，制定差异化发展路径，又要依据要素特征，推进传统产业与新兴产业共同发展，以此规避传统产业深度转型升级过程中出现的要素投入不足的问题。习近平总书记强调：“发展新质生产力不是忽视、放弃传统产业，要防止一哄而上、泡沫化，也不要搞一种模式。”产业深度转型升级不仅能有效避免因盲目推进新兴产业项目可能造成的资源浪费，还大大拓展了传统产业发展空间，进而增强新兴产业与传统产业之间发展的乘数效应，这为我们找准路径、靶向施策，加快发展新质生产力指明了方向。

I

一

The development of new quality productive forces does not specifically refer to one or a few specific fields of science and technology, but rather to social activities based on technological progress that increase the scientific and technological added value of unit products. Scientific and technological innovation is the core element of developing new quality productive forces. New quality productive forces are characterized by innovation and marked by a substantial increase in total factor productivity, with the features of high technology, high efficiency, and high quality. For new quality productive forces to transform into a real driving force that promotes social progress, it is necessary to promote deep industrial transformation and upgrading in a timely manner. Through comprehensive upgrading and renovation, inject technological impetus into industrial development, shape the innovation vitality of the entire society with an industrial form condensed from multiple scientific and technological elements, and accumulate more new kinetic energy for driving new quality productive forces.

发展新质生产力并非特指一个或几个特定的科技领域，而是指基于科技进步提高单位产品科技附加值的社会活动。科技创新是发展新质生产力的核心要素，新质生产力以创新为特点、以全要素生产力大幅度提升为标志，具有高科技、高效能、高质量特征。新质生产力要转化为推动社会进步的现实动力，必须适时推动产业深度转型升级，通过全方位升级改造，为产业发展注入科技动力，以多元科技要素内聚而成的产业形态塑造全社会创新活力，为驱动新质生产力蓄积更多新动能。

Transform and upgrade traditional industries to stimulate new industrial kinetic energy. China's traditional industries have the characteristics of large quantity and wide scope [2]2 "量大面广" is a four-character idiom meaning large in quantity and wide in scope. and a complete industrial chain, and play an important role in national economic construction. However, they also have obvious problems such as being "big but not strong" and "strong but not refined". Traditional industries often lack staying power in the increasingly competitive domestic and international environment. To accelerate the development of new quality productive forces, it is necessary to solidly promote the deep transformation and upgrading of traditional industries and stimulate new kinetic energy in traditional industries. On the one hand, attach importance to the use of new technologies. Because traditional industries have relatively fixed production models and small price elasticity, they are not as sensitive to the application and promotion of new technologies as strategic emerging industries and future industries. Promoting the deep transformation and upgrading of traditional industries should highlight the driving role of new technologies in improving production efficiency, and make full use of technologies such as artificial intelligence and big data to reshape industrial models. On the other hand, accelerate the green transformation of traditional industries. Green development has become a strategic choice for traditional industries to enhance competitiveness and cultivate new kinetic energy. Actively promote energy conservation and carbon reduction, adopt clean energy and renewable energy, effectively reduce the energy consumption ratio of traditional industries, increase industrial added value, and guide traditional industries towards green development.

改造升级传统产业，激发新产业动能。我国传统产业具有量大面广、产业链完整等特征，在国民经济建设中扮演着重要作用，但也存在“大而不强”“强而不精”等显性问题，传统产业在竞争日益激烈的国内国际环境中往往后劲不足。加快发展新质生产力，必须扎实推动传统产业深度转型升级，激发传统产业新动能。一方面，重视对新技术的使用。传统产业因生产模式相对固定、价格弹性较小，对新技术的应用和推广并不像战略性新兴产业和未来产业那样敏感。推动传统产业深度转型升级要彰显新技术对提升生产效率的带动作用，充分利用人工智能、大数据等技术重塑产业模式。另一方面，加快推进传统产业绿色转型。绿色发展已经成为传统产业提升竞争力、培育新动能的战略选择，要积极促进节能降碳，采用清洁能源和可再生能源，有效降低传统产业能耗比，提升产业附加值，引导传统产业迈向绿色发展。

Promote multi-industry coordinated development to empower new quality productive forces. The development of new quality productive forces is a systematic project requiring coordination and cooperation among various industries and fields. Deep industrial transformation and upgrading is closely related to the deep integration of various industries. Without a systematic and complete industrial synergy, it is difficult to promote deep industrial transformation and upgrading. At present, China's industrial layout and industrial forms are diverse, including both traditional industries and emerging industries, as well as weak industries and advantageous industries. The diversity and complementarity of industrial forms determine that any one industry can hardly achieve leapfrog development on its own. Promoting deep coupling and coordinated development of multiple industries becomes an important force for leading the transformation of new quality productive forces. On the one hand, integrate superior resources upstream and downstream of the industrial chain, deeply promote cooperation between upstream and downstream of the industrial chain, build an open data sharing network, enhance the efficient connection and coordination of information flow, technology flow, and capital flow at various links of the industrial chain, and improve the response speed of the entire industrial chain. On the other hand, establish and improve enterprise coordination mechanisms, strengthen enterprises' awareness of independent innovation, shape a pattern of collaborative innovation among enterprises, encourage enterprises to arrange innovation chains around the industrial chain, guide enterprises to continuously optimize industrial cooperation models according to the strategic needs of national construction. While daring to seize the commanding heights of technology-intensive and capital-intensive industries, it is also necessary to focus on key areas and weak links of the industrial chain, build bridges for the flow of factors of production among multiple market entities, and accelerate the integration and development of multiple industries.

推动多产业协同发展，为新质生产力赋能。发展新质生产力是各产业和各领域相互协调配合的系统工程，产业深度转型升级与各产业的深度融合存在密切关系，没有系统完备的产业协同，就很难推动产业深度转型升级。当前，我国产业布局和产业业态多样，既有传统产业、新兴产业，也有短板产业、优势产业，产业形态的多样性和互补性决定任何一种产业难以仅凭一己之力实现跨越式发展，推动多产业深度耦合与协同发展成为引领新质生产力变革的重要力量。一方面，整合产业链上下游优势资源，深入促进产业链上下游合作，建设开放的数据共享网络，增强产业链各环节信息流、技术流、资金流高效对接和协同配合，提升整个产业链响应速度。另一方面，建立健全企业协同机制，强化企业自主创新意识，塑造企业协同创新格局，鼓励企业围绕产业链布局创新链，引导企业根据国家建设战略需要持续优化产业合作模式，既要勇于抢占技术密集型、资金密集型产业制高点，又要聚焦产业链的关键领域和薄弱环节，构筑多元市场主体生产要素流动桥梁，加速多产业融合与发展。

II

二

Accelerating the development of new quality productive forces is both a development proposition and a reform proposition. It is necessary to further comprehensively deepen reform and improve the systems and mechanisms for developing new quality productive forces according to local conditions. Deepening the reform of systems and mechanisms in various fields requires further centering on "what, what to reform, and how to reform", adhering to a problem orientation, focusing on key areas, and concentrating valuable strategic resources on enhancing institutional effectiveness and stimulating innovation vitality. The key to promoting deep industrial transformation and upgrading lies in breaking the bottlenecks and obstacles that restrict the flow of production factors, and taking the construction of a complete and sound industrial institutional system as a starting point to empower the construction of systems and mechanisms for new quality productive forces.

加快发展新质生产力，既是发展命题也是改革命题，必须进一步全面深化改革，健全因地制宜发展新质生产力的体制机制。深化各领域体制机制改革，需要进一步围绕“是什么、改什么、怎么改”，坚持问题导向，聚焦关键领域，将宝贵的战略资源集中到提升制度效能和激发创新活力上来。推动产业深度转型升级，关键在于打破束缚生产要素流动的堵点、卡点，以构建完备健全的产业制度体系为抓手，赋能新质生产力体制机制建设。

To meet the needs of deep industrial transformation and upgrading, strengthen the institutional supply for new fields and new tracks. General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed, "Actively cultivate strategic emerging industries such as new energy, new materials, advanced manufacturing, and electronic information, actively cultivate future industries, accelerate the formation of new quality productive forces, and enhance development momentum." Strategic emerging industries and future industries, because of their intensive knowledge and technology, great growth potential, and comprehensive benefits, are the main battlefields for developing new quality productive forces. However, they are still two different industrial forms. Strategic emerging industries are new economic industrial forms that emerge with the breakthrough and application of scientific research results, while future industries are industrial forms in the budding and incubation stage with market potential. For strategic emerging industries, it is necessary to focus on leveraging the supporting role of existing advantages, improve industrial policies and governance systems for promoting the development of industries such as information technology, artificial intelligence, aerospace, new energy, and new materials, and guide the healthy development of strategic emerging industries. For future industries, it is necessary to strive to build a policy support system, encourage enterprises to boldly explore and pilot and learn through trial and error, respect market laws and the autonomous role of enterprises, support localities in establishing pilot and testing zones for future industries according to local conditions, and release the development potential of future industries from aspects such as financial support, government procurement, and qualification issuance.

对接产业深度转型升级需要，加强新领域新赛道制度供给。习近平总书记强调，“积极培育新能源、新材料、先进制造、电子信息等战略性新兴产业，积极培育未来产业，加快形成新质生产力，增强发展新动能”。战略性新兴产业和未来产业因其知识技术密集、成长潜力大、综合效益好，是发展新质生产力的主阵地。但是它们仍然是两种不同产业形态，战略性新兴产业是随着科研成果突破应用而出现的新的经济产业形态，而未来产业则是处于萌芽期和孵化期，富有市场潜力的产业形态。对于战略性新兴产业，要注重发挥存量优势的支撑作用，完善推动信息技术、人工智能、航空航天、新能源、新材料等产业发展的产业政策和治理体系，引导战略性新兴产业健康发展。对于未来产业，要着力构建政策支持体系，鼓励企业大胆探索和先行试错，尊重市场规律和企业自主作用，支持各地因地制宜建立未来产业试验先导区，从资金支持、政府采购、资质发放等方面释放未来产业发展潜能。

Strengthen the top-level design for deep industrial transformation and upgrading, and build a complete industrial development policy system. Deep industrial transformation and upgrading involves many contents and a wide range of fields, and multiple factors should be comprehensively considered. This requires strengthening top-level design work. First, accelerate the improvement of the new nationwide system for mobilizing resources [3]3 The "new nationwide system for mobilizing resources" (新型举国体制) refers to an upgraded version of the traditional state-led system that concentrates national resources on strategic scientific and technological tasks, adapted to market mechanisms. and concentrate the strength of industrial and technological innovation. Strengthen the unified leadership of the Party Central Committee in promoting deep industrial transformation and upgrading, give full play to the advantage of socialism in concentrating resources to accomplish large undertakings [4]4 "Concentrate resources to accomplish large undertakings" (集中力量办大事) is a slogan emphasizing the advantage of the socialist system in mobilizing national strength for major projects., organize scientific research forces and enterprise groups to make precise judgments on deep industrial transformation and upgrading, and formulate feasible decision-making plans. Adopt a market orientation, promote the timely application of innovation results in the market, and form a virtuous cycle of the industrial chain and innovation chain. Second, optimize the spatial layout of industries and establish a unified national market. Implement a unified national system of property rights protection, market access system, and fair competition system, smooth the mechanism for the flow of factors, and ensure that industries can achieve orderly transfer across regions. Third, create a transparent and predictable policy environment. Macro-industrial policies should remain stable, meso-industrial policies should continue to exert force, and micro-industrial policies should be active and effective. Strengthen the rule of law, strengthen positive market expectations, and strive to achieve coordination and cooperation between different industrial policies in an open, transparent, and stable market environment, forming a synergy.

强化产业深度转型升级顶层设计，构筑完备的产业发展政策体系。产业深度转型升级涉及的内容多、领域广，应综合考虑多方面因素，这就要强化顶层设计工作。第一，加快完善新型举国体制，凝聚产业技术创新合力。强化党中央对推动产业深度转型升级的统一领导，充分发挥社会主义集中力量办大事的优势，组织科研力量、企业团体对产业深度转型升级进行精准研判，制定切实可行的决策方案。以市场为导向，推动创新成果及时运用到市场中，形成产业链创业链的良性循环。第二，优化产业空间布局，建立全国统一大市场。实施全国统一的产权保护制度、市场准入制度、公平竞争制度，畅通要素流动机制，保证产业能够在全国区域间实现有序转移。第三，营造透明可预期的政策环境。宏观产业政策要保持稳定，中观产业政策要持续发力，微观产业政策要积极有效，加强法治化建设，强化市场积极预期，力争在公开、透明、稳健的市场环境中实现不同产业政策之间协调配合，形成合力。

(The author: Cao Wenhong, specially appointed researcher at the Fujian Provincial Research Center for Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, Dean of the School of Marxism at Huaqiao University)

（作者：曹文宏，系福建省习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究中心特约研究员、华侨大学马克思主义学院院长）

Online Editor: Huihui

网络编辑：慧慧