Promoting the modernization of the border governance system and governance capacity is an inherent requirement of Chinese-path modernization.

Border areas are the frontier of our country's opening up to the outside world, a window for displaying national strength and image, and an important barrier for ensuring territorial security and ecological security. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out during the 18th collective study session of the Political Bureau of the 20th Central Committee of the CCP: "Promoting the modernization of the border governance system and governance capacity is an inherent requirement of Chinese-path modernization." This important thesis is a profound summary and major innovation of our country's historical experience in border governance, embodying the fundamental requirements and distinctive features of comprehensively advancing the building of a great modern socialist country and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization. It marks that our Party's understanding of the laws of border governance has reached a new height, providing the correct direction and fundamental guidance for thoroughly carrying out all tasks of border governance under the new situation and promoting high-quality development in border areas.

边疆地区是我国对外开放的前沿，是展示国家实力和形象的窗口，是确保国土安全和生态安全的重要屏障。习近平总书记在二十届中共中央政治局第十八次集体学习时指出：“推进边疆治理体系和治理能力现代化，是中国式现代化的应有之义。”这一重要论断是对我国边疆治理历史经验的深刻总结与重大创新，体现了以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业的根本要求与鲜明特色，标志着我们党对边疆治理的规律性认识达到了新高度，为新形势下深入做好边疆治理各项工作、推动边疆地区高质量发展指明了正确方向、提供了根本遵循。

Deeply understand the practical logic, theoretical logic, and historical logic contained in this important thesis.

深刻理解这一重要论断蕴含的实践逻辑、理论逻辑、历史逻辑

From the perspective of practical logic, in the face of changes unseen in a century in the world and the great cause of building a strong country and national rejuvenation, it is necessary to promote the modernization of the border governance system and governance capacity. From its founding, the CCP incorporated the stabilization and development of border areas into its revolutionary program. Throughout the course of leading revolution, construction, and reform, it has always attached importance to the construction of border areas. The face of border areas has undergone tremendous changes, and the lives of border people have been significantly improved, composing a vivid chapter of "the Party's radiance shines upon the border areas, and the people of the border areas are loyal to the Party." [1]1 "The Party's radiance shines upon the border areas, and the people of the border areas are loyal to the Party" is a popular slogan reflecting the sentiment of border residents toward the CCP. Since the 18th National Congress of the CCP, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, focusing on the overall strategic situation of governing the country, has put forward a series of important theses and major measures such as "to govern the country, we must govern the border areas" [2]2 "To govern the country, we must govern the border areas" is a policy principle emphasizing the strategic importance of border regions. and "revitalizing border areas to enrich the people, stabilizing border areas to consolidate the frontier." It has adhered to and improved the regional coordinated development strategy and major regional strategies, accelerated high-quality development in border areas, promoted border areas to win the battle against poverty together with the rest of the country, to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects, and to embark on a new journey of comprehensively building a modern socialist country. Border governance has achieved historic accomplishments and undergone historic changes. On the new journey, the domestic and international situations have undergone profound changes, the tasks of border governance are unprecedentedly heavy, and the risks and challenges faced are unprecedented, placing higher demands on the systematization, integration, and coordination of border governance. It is necessary to make promoting the modernization of the border governance system and governance capacity a powerful guarantee for responding to risks and challenges and winning the historical initiative.

从实践逻辑看，面对世界百年变局和强国建设、民族复兴伟业，必须推进边疆治理体系和治理能力现代化。中国共产党在成立之初，就把边疆稳固和发展纳入革命纲领，在领导革命、建设、改革的历程中始终重视边疆地区建设，边疆地区面貌发生巨大变化，边疆群众生活得到显著改善，谱写了“党的光辉照边疆，边疆人民心向党”的生动篇章。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央着眼治国理政战略全局，提出“治国必治边”“兴边富民、稳边固边”等一系列重要论断、重大举措，坚持和完善区域协调发展战略、区域重大战略，加快边疆地区高质量发展，推动边疆地区同全国一道打赢脱贫攻坚战、全面建成小康社会、迈上全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程，边疆治理取得历史性成就、发生历史性变革。新征程上，国内外形势发生深刻变化，边疆治理任务之繁重前所未有，面临的风险挑战前所未有，对边疆治理的系统性、整体性、协同性提出更高要求，必须将推进边疆治理体系和治理能力现代化作为应对风险挑战、赢得历史主动的有力保证。

From the perspective of theoretical logic, "not a single border area can be left behind" [3]3 "Not a single border area can be left behind" is a phrase derived from China's poverty alleviation campaign, used here to stress inclusiveness. embodies the distinctive features and unique advantages of Chinese-path modernization. Modernization is the common expectation and goal of the people of all countries, but each country should choose its path based on its own actual conditions. Chinese-path modernization is the modernization of a huge population, the modernization of common prosperity for all, the modernization of the coordination between material civilization and cultural-ethical progress, the modernization of harmony between humanity and nature, and the modernization of following a path of peaceful development. These distinctive features are determined by China's unique objective conditions, by China's social system and governance philosophy, and also by the understanding of laws gained from China's long-term practice in achieving modernization. To realize such modernization, not a single border area can be left behind. According to data from the seventh national census, the total population of the nine land border provinces and regions in China is 284.5 million, accounting for about one-fifth of the national population; more than half of the over 140 land border counties were formerly national-level poverty-stricken counties, and over 90 are located in national key ecological function zones; nearly 60% of the ethnic minority population lives in border areas, including some "directly-entering-socialism ethnic groups" [4]4 "Directly-entering-socialism ethnic groups" refers to ethnic groups that transitioned from pre-capitalist social forms directly to socialism after 1949, mainly in remote border areas. that transitioned directly from primitive societies across several social forms to socialist society; China borders 14 countries by land and is connected to 8 countries by sea. These factors determine that one of the most arduous tasks in advancing Chinese-path modernization lies in some border ethnic areas. Only by accelerating the modernization construction of border areas, consolidating the material foundation of border governance, and improving the effectiveness of border governance can we continuously solve the problems in border governance. Incorporating the development of border areas into the overall strategic plan of Chinese-path modernization embodies the distinctive features and unique advantages of Chinese-path modernization.

从理论逻辑看，“边疆地区一个都不能少”体现了中国式现代化的鲜明特色、独特优势。现代化是各国人民的共同期待和目标，但每个国家都应结合自身实际作出路径选择。中国式现代化是人口规模巨大的现代化，是全体人民共同富裕的现代化，是物质文明和精神文明相协调的现代化，是人与自然和谐共生的现代化，是走和平发展道路的现代化。这些鲜明特色是由中国独特的客观条件决定的，是由中国社会制度和治国理政理念决定的，也是由中国在实现现代化长期实践中得出的规律性认识决定的。要实现这样的现代化，边疆地区一个都不能少。根据第七次全国人口普查数据，我国陆地边疆九省区总人口为2.845亿，约占全国总人口的1/5；140多个陆地边境县中超过一半是原国家级贫困县，超过90个位于国家重点生态功能区；近60%的少数民族人口居住在边疆地区，其中包括一些直接由原始社会跨越几种社会形态过渡到社会主义社会的“直过民族”；我国陆地同14个国家接壤，同8个国家海域相连。这些因素决定了，推进中国式现代化，最艰巨的任务之一在一些边疆民族地区。只有加快边疆地区现代化建设，夯实边疆治理的物质基础，提升边疆地区治理效能，才能不断解决边疆治理中的问题。把边疆地区发展纳入中国式现代化战略全局，体现了中国式现代化的鲜明特色和独特优势。

From the perspective of historical logic, border governance has always been an important aspect of national governance, and our country has accumulated rich governance concepts and historical experience. China is an ancient civilization with a long history, possessing not only a vast Central Plains hinterland but also extensive land and sea border areas. "The royal domain extends for a thousand li, where the people reside." [5]5 "The royal domain extends for a thousand li, where the people reside" is a line from the Book of Songs (Classic of Poetry), an ancient Chinese text, used here to evoke the traditional scope of the state. All Chinese dynasties placed border governance in an important position. The Qin Dynasty established Nanhai Commandery and Guilin Commandery to govern the Lingnan region, the Han Dynasty established the Western Regions Protectorate to govern Xinjiang, the Tang Dynasty created over 800 Jimi prefectures [6]6 Jimi prefectures were administrative units in the Tang Dynasty that maintained local autonomy under loose central control. to manage the border areas, the Yuan Dynasty set up the Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs to govern Tibet, and the Ming and Qing Dynasties implemented the "replacement of native chieftains with regular officials" [7]7 "Replacement of native chieftains with regular officials" (gaitu guiliu) was a Ming-Qing policy to replace hereditary local rulers with centrally appointed officials. in the southwest, etc. Through thousands of years of exploration and practice, China's border governance has accumulated rich governance concepts and historical experience. For example, respecting the concept of "great unity" [8]8 "Great unity" (da yitong) is a traditional Chinese concept emphasizing the wholeness and inseparability of the realm., emphasizing the inseparability of border areas and the interior, and ensuring the smooth implementation of central government decrees; adhering to the concepts of "ruling according to local customs" [9]9 "Ruling according to local customs" (yin su er zhi) is a principle of adapting governance to local traditions. and "aligning governance with education" [10]10 "Aligning governance with education" (qi zheng xiu jiao) is a Confucian idea of harmonizing administration with moral teaching., emphasizing adapting border governance to local conditions and paying attention to handling ethnic and religious issues; upholding the concepts of "transforming people through culture" [11]11 "Transforming people through culture" (yi wen hua ren) and "educating people through virtue" (yi de yu ren) are Confucian concepts focusing on cultural and moral cultivation. and "educating people through virtue," emphasizing strengthening cultural identity. Guided by these important concepts and experiences, the ancestors of various ethnic groups worked hard and overcame difficulties [12]12 "Worked hard and overcome difficulties" (pian shou zu di) is a four-character idiom describing strenuous effort., jointly opened up the vast territory of the motherland, jointly created a unified multi-ethnic country, jointly wrote the brilliant history of China, jointly created the splendid Chinese culture, and jointly cultivated the great national spirit, shaping Chinese civilization with outstanding continuity, innovation, unity, inclusiveness, and peace. History and practice have proven that when border areas are stable and peaceful, the country is stable and prosperous. In this sense, border governance is an important manifestation of our country's national governance capacity.

从历史逻辑看，边疆治理始终是国家治理的重要方面，我国积累了丰富的治理理念和历史经验。中国是一个历史悠久的文明古国，不但拥有辽阔的中原腹地，而且拥有广袤的海陆边疆。“邦畿千里，维民所止。”我国历朝历代都把边疆治理置于重要位置。秦代设置南海郡、桂林郡管理岭南地区，汉代设立西域都护府统辖新疆，唐代创设了800多个羁縻州府经略边疆，元代设宣政院管理西藏，明代清代在西南地区改土归流，等等。在历经几千年的探索实践中，我国边疆治理积累了丰富的治理理念和历史经验。比如，尊崇“大一统”的理念，强调边疆与内地密不可分，确保中央政令畅通；秉持“因俗而治”“齐政修教”的理念，强调因地制宜推进边疆治理，重视处理好民族和宗教问题；坚持“以文化人”“以德育人”的理念，强调增强文化认同，等等。正是在这些重要理念和经验引领下，各族先民胼手胝足、披荆斩棘，共同开拓了祖国的辽阔疆域，共同缔造了统一的多民族国家，共同书写了辉煌的中国历史，共同创造了灿烂的中华文化，共同培育了伟大的民族精神，塑造出具有突出连续性、创新性、统一性、包容性、和平性的中华文明。历史和实践证明，边疆稳定安宁，则国家稳固昌盛。从这个意义上说，边疆治理是我国国家治理能力的重要体现。

Implementing this important thesis must focus on grasping several relationships.

贯彻落实这一重要论断必须重点把握几对关系

Grasp the relationship between the whole and the part, closely following the theme of advancing Chinese-path modernization. "He who does not plan for the whole is not fit to plan for a part." [13]13 "He who does not plan for the whole is not fit to plan for a part" is a Chinese saying emphasizing comprehensive planning. We must adhere to systematic thinking, firmly establish a national chessboard mentality, center on the task of comprehensively advancing the building of a strong country and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization, grasp the relationship between "what the whole needs" and "what one part can offer," analyze the advantages and shortcomings of various border regions with a universally connected, comprehensively systematic, and developmentally changing perspective, and accurately locate their strategic positions in the national overall situation. We should incorporate the development of border areas into the overall strategic plan of Chinese-path modernization, into the regional coordinated development strategy and major regional strategies, support border areas to develop characteristic advantageous industries based on their own conditions and endowments, develop new quality productive forces according to local conditions, and achieve their own high-quality development by integrating into the new development pattern and the national unified market. We must adhere to reform and opening up to increase momentum and vitality, leverage the coastal and border advantages of border areas, build open highlands of various forms, and form a comprehensive opening-up pattern of domestic and international linkage, east-west mutual assistance. We must do what is appropriate and refrain from what is not, revere nature, respect nature, follow nature, and protect nature, adhere to the integrated protection and systematic management of mountains, waters, forests, farmlands, grasslands, and deserts, especially in ecologically fragile and protected areas, and firmly take the path of ecological priority and green development. We must focus on the problem of unbalanced and inadequate development, adhere to integrated urban-rural development, steadily promote new urbanization with county towns as the main carriers, consolidate and expand the achievements of poverty alleviation, effectively prevent large-scale return to poverty, and comprehensively promote rural revitalization. We must deeply understand the significance of the prosperity of border people and the stability of border areas, adhere to ensuring and improving people's livelihood through development, continuously improve production and living conditions in border areas, accelerate the filling of shortcomings in infrastructure and basic public services, and promote development achievements to benefit people's livelihood and gather people's hearts.

把握好整体和局部的关系，紧扣推进中国式现代化这个主题。不谋全局者，不足谋一域。要坚持系统观念，牢固树立全国一盘棋思想，围绕以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业这一中心任务，把握好“全局之所需”和“一域之所能”的关系，用普遍联系的、全面系统的、发展变化的观点分析边疆各地区优势和短板，找准在全国大局中的战略定位。要把边疆地区发展纳入中国式现代化战略全局，纳入区域协调发展战略、区域重大战略，支持边疆地区依托自身条件禀赋，大力发展边疆特色优势产业，因地制宜发展新质生产力，在融入新发展格局、融入全国统一大市场中实现自身高质量发展。要坚持以改革开放增动力、添活力，发挥边疆地区沿海、沿边等优势，打造形态多样的开放高地，形成陆海内外联动、东西双向互济的全面开放格局。要坚持有所为有所不为，敬畏自然、尊重自然、顺应自然、保护自然，坚持山水林田湖草沙一体化保护和系统治理，尤其在生态脆弱地区和生态保护地区要坚持走好生态优先、绿色发展之路。要聚焦发展不平衡不充分问题，坚持城乡融合发展，稳步推进以县城为重要载体的新型城镇化建设，巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果，有效防止规模化返贫致贫，全面推进乡村振兴。要深刻理解边民富、边疆稳的重要意义，坚持在发展中保障和改善民生，不断改善边疆地区生产生活条件，加快补齐基础设施和基本公共服务短板，推动发展成果惠及民生、凝聚人心。

Grasp the relationship between diversity and unity, running through the main line of promoting the building of a community for the Chinese nation. Our country is a unified multi-ethnic country, and the Chinese nation is formed through continuous exchange, interaction, and integration of many ethnic groups. The diversity in unity of various ethnic groups is an important asset left to us by our ancestors and also an important advantage of our country. Ethnic unity is the lifeline of the people of all ethnic groups. Over 80% of our country's land border lines are in ethnic areas. Doing a good job in ethnic work in border areas is not only related to the overall work of the Party's ethnic work but also an important foundation for border governance. We must always adhere to the main line of promoting the building of a community for the Chinese nation, and economic construction, political construction, cultural construction, social construction, ecological civilization construction, and Party building in border ethnic areas must all closely revolve around this main line without deviation. We must widely practice core socialist values, deepen education in patriotism, collectivism, and socialism, guide the people of all ethnic groups in border areas to firmly establish the community concept of sharing weal and woe, honor and disgrace, life and death, and destiny, continuously enhance their recognition of the great motherland, the Chinese nation, Chinese culture, the CCP, and socialism with Chinese characteristics, promote the forging of a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation, and build a shared spiritual home for the Chinese nation. We must adhere to and improve the system of regional ethnic autonomy, gradually improve relevant laws, regulations, and differentiated regional support policies, protect the legitimate rights and interests of all ethnic groups according to law, and continuously improve the ability and level of ethnic affairs governance. We must highlight the Chinese cultural symbols and Chinese national images shared by all ethnic groups, comprehensively promote and popularize the national common language and script, comprehensively promote the use of nationally unified textbooks, so that the hearts of all ethnic groups converge and their spirits depend on each other, forming a strong spiritual bond that unites people and advances together. Extensive exchanges, interactions, and integration are important ways to promote the building of a community for the Chinese nation. We must continue to deepen the creation of ethnic unity and progress, actively build an inter-embedded social structure and community environment, continuously broaden the practical paths for the all-around embedding of all ethnic groups, and promote the close unity of all ethnic groups like pomegranate seeds.

把握好多元和一体的关系，贯穿推进中华民族共同体建设这条主线。我国是统一的多民族国家，中华民族是多民族不断交流交往交融而形成的。各民族多元一体，是老祖宗留给我们的一笔重要财富，也是我们国家的重要优势。民族团结是各族人民的生命线。我国80%以上的陆地边境线在民族地区。做好边疆地区民族工作，既关乎党的民族工作大局，也是边疆治理的重要基础。要始终坚持推进中华民族共同体建设这条主线，边疆民族地区的经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设、生态文明建设和党的建设等，都要紧紧围绕、毫不偏离这条主线。要广泛践行社会主义核心价值观，深化爱国主义、集体主义、社会主义教育，引导边疆地区各族群众牢固树立休戚与共、荣辱与共、生死与共、命运与共的共同体理念，不断增强对伟大祖国、中华民族、中华文化、中国共产党、中国特色社会主义的认同，促进铸牢中华民族共同体意识，构筑中华民族共有精神家园。要坚持和完善民族区域自治制度，逐步完善相关法律法规和差别化区域支持政策，依法保障各族群众合法权益，不断提高民族事务治理能力和水平。要突出各民族共有共享的中华文化符号和中华民族形象，全面推广普及国家通用语言文字，全面推行使用国家统编教材，使各民族人心归聚、精神相依，形成人心凝聚、团结奋进的强大精神纽带。广泛交往交流交融是推进中华民族共同体建设的重要途径，要持续深化民族团结进步创建工作，积极构建互嵌式社会结构和社区环境，不断拓宽各民族全方位嵌入的实践路径，促进各民族像石榴籽一样紧紧抱在一起。

Grasp the relationship between development and security, keeping to the bottom line requirement of national security and social stability. "If the national gate is safe, the country is safe; if the border is stable, the country is stable." Maintaining security and stability in border areas is not only a prerequisite for border governance and development but also directly related to national security and overall stability. We must unswervingly implement a holistic approach to national security, and resolutely safeguard national security and social stability in border areas. We must strengthen primary-level Party building leadership, improve the social governance system of joint construction, joint governance, and shared benefits, continuously consolidate the primary-level foundation, and improve the effectiveness of social governance in border areas. We must enhance the ability to maintain national security, severely crack down on hostile forces' infiltration, sabotage, subversion, and separatist activities, continuously increase the rectification of cross-border illegal and criminal activities such as gambling, telecommunication network fraud, drugs, smuggling, and violent terrorism, resolutely maintain port and border security and stability and the order of entry and exit management, and resolutely safeguard the safety and legitimate interests of the broad masses. We must strengthen infrastructure construction, strengthen technological empowerment, build a strong and stable modern border and coastal defense, resolutely safeguard territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests, leverage the advantages of the joint efforts of the Party, government, military, police, and people to strengthen the border and consolidate defense, and improve the overall ability to defend the country.

把握好发展和安全的关系，守好国家安全和社会稳定这一底线要求。国门安则国安，边境稳则国稳。维护边疆地区安全和稳定，不仅是边疆治理和发展的前提，而且直接关系国家安全和大局稳定，必须坚定不移贯彻总体国家安全观，坚决维护边疆地区国家安全和社会稳定。要加强基层党建引领，完善共建共治共享的社会治理制度，不断夯实基层基础，提升边疆地区社会治理效能。要增强维护国家安全能力，严厉打击敌对势力渗透、破坏、颠覆、分裂活动，持续加大对跨境赌博、电信网络诈骗、毒品、走私、暴恐等涉边违法犯罪活动的整治，坚决维护口岸边境安全稳定和出入境管理秩序，坚决维护广大人民群众安全和合法利益。要加强基础设施建设，强化科技赋能，建设强大稳固的现代边海防，坚决维护领土主权和海洋权益，发挥党政军警民合力强边固防优势，提高卫国戍边整体能力。

Grasp the relationship between theory and practice, accelerating the construction of an independent Chinese knowledge system of border studies. Theory is the condensation and sublimation of practice, and also the guide for promoting practical innovation. The great practice of border governance in the New Era provides fertile soil for theoretical research. We must always adhere to the soul of Marxism and the root of fine traditional Chinese culture, summarize Chinese practice with Chinese reasoning, and elevate Chinese experience to Chinese theory. Discipline construction is the support for theoretical innovation. We must strengthen multidisciplinary research related to border history and border governance, grasp the characteristics of border governance research, such as the interweaving of history and reality, the intersection of time and space, and the equal emphasis on tradition and emerging issues, comprehensively consider major relationships such as border areas and interior, land borders and sea borders, domestic and international, deepen research on major theoretical and practical issues of border governance, break disciplinary barriers, promote disciplinary integration, promote high-quality discipline development, and produce more research results with influence and persuasion. We must make good use of border research results, innovate communication methods, enrich communication content, broaden communication channels, strengthen international communication capacity building, fully demonstrate the tremendous changes and remarkable achievements of accelerating development in border areas, vividly display the good spiritual outlook of the people in border areas who are confident, self-reliant, united, and struggling, and tell the story of New Era Chinese border governance with academic language. We must build a research team on border governance that is politically firm, with strong theoretical cultivation and comprehensive quality. We must pay attention to stimulating the enthusiasm, initiative, and creativity of the vast number of experts and scholars, focus on strengthening the training of young experts and scholars, provide them with direction, build platforms, create opportunities, encourage them to devote themselves to research, accumulate profound knowledge, and put forward more theoretical viewpoints with subjectivity and originality, making due contributions to the construction of an independent Chinese knowledge system of border studies.

把握好理论和实践的关系，加快建构中国自主的边疆学知识体系。理论是对实践的凝练和升华，也是推进实践创新的先导。新时代中国边疆治理伟大实践为理论研究提供了丰厚土壤，要始终坚守马克思主义这个魂脉、中华优秀传统文化这个根脉，用中国道理总结好中国实践，把中国经验提升为中国理论。学科建设是理论创新的依托，要加强边疆史和边疆治理相关的多学科研究，把握边疆治理研究历史与现实交织、时间与空间交错、传统与新兴并重等特点，整体思考边疆与内地、陆疆与海疆、国内与国际等重大关系，深化边疆治理重大理论和现实问题研究，打破学科壁垒、促进学科融合、推动学科高质量发展，推出更多具有影响力、说服力的研究成果。要运用好边疆研究成果，创新传播方式、丰富传播内容，拓宽传播渠道，加强国际传播能力建设，充分展现边疆地区加快发展的巨大变化和显著成绩，生动展示边疆地区人民自信自强、团结奋斗的良好精神风貌，用学术语言讲好新时代中国边疆治理故事。要打造一支政治立场坚定、理论修养和综合素质过硬的边疆治理研究队伍，注重激发广大专家学者的积极性、主动性、创造性，着力加强青年专家学者培养，为他们把好方向、搭建平台、创造机会，鼓励他们潜心钻研、厚积薄发，提出更多具有主体性、原创性的理论观点，为建构中国自主的边疆学知识体系作出应有贡献。

Transform the truth power of this important thesis into vivid practice for promoting high-quality development in border areas.

将这一重要论断的真理力量转化为推动边疆地区高质量发展的生动实践

Apply the Party's overall leadership to all aspects and processes of border governance. Border governance is a systematic project involving reform, development, stability, internal affairs, foreign affairs, national defense, and Party governance, with high political nature, complex policy nature, and prominent security nature. We must deeply understand that the Party's leadership is the fundamental guarantee for advancing Chinese-path modernization. In border governance, we must always adhere to and strengthen the Party's overall leadership, give full play to the Party's role as the core leadership in commanding the overall situation and coordinating all parties, and resolutely safeguard the authority of the Party Central Committee and its centralized, unified leadership. We must accurately grasp the strategic considerations of the Party Central Committee's major decisions on border governance, strengthen strategic planning and overall coordination, and organically integrate border governance into the development of various undertakings. Relevant departments should assume their responsibilities, be brave in taking on tasks, and closely cooperate to form a joint force. Party organizations at all levels in border areas must consistently align themselves with the spirit of the Party Central Committee and implement it in the specific planning and implementation of various plans, regulations, policies, and projects, ensuring that the Party's theories, lines, principles, policies, and decisions and deployments are fully implemented and effectively executed. The vast number of Party members and cadres are the important force for border governance. They must strengthen their mission, boost their spirit of doing business and making achievements, be brave in innovation and persistently implement, be daring and good at cooperation, and strive to create achievements in border governance that stand the test of history, practice, and the people.

把党的全面领导落实到边疆治理各方面全过程。边疆治理是一项系统工程，涉及改革发展稳定、内政外交国防、治党治国治军等方方面面，具有高度的政治性、复杂的政策性、突出的安全性。必须深刻认识党的领导是推进中国式现代化的根本保证，在边疆治理中始终坚持和加强党的全面领导，充分发挥党总揽全局、协调各方的领导核心作用，坚决维护党中央权威和集中统一领导。要准确把握党中央关于边疆治理重大决策的战略考量，加强战略规划和统筹协调，把边疆治理有机融入各方面事业发展。有关部门要各负其责、勇于担当，密切配合、形成合力。边疆地区各级党组织要一以贯之同党中央精神对标对表，并落实到各项规划、法规、政策、项目的具体谋划和实施中，确保党的理论、路线、方针政策和决策部署得到全面贯彻和有效执行。广大党员、干部是边疆治理的重要力量，要强化使命担当，提振干事创业精气神，既勇于开拓创新又持之以恒抓好落实，既敢拼敢闯又善于团结协作，在边疆治理中努力创造经得起历史、实践和人民检验的业绩。

Adhere to systematic governance, law-based governance, comprehensive governance, and source governance, transforming institutional advantages into governance effectiveness. Border governance is a science. We must deepen the understanding of the laws of border governance, grasp its important characteristics running through national governance from macro to micro, current to long-term, and specific to general, pay more attention to system integration, focus on key points, and emphasize reform effectiveness, achieving a positive interaction between high-quality development and high-level security. We must make efforts in systematic governance, focus on strengthening strategic synergy, policy coordination, mechanism coordination, and action coordination, strengthen the overall planning of border governance in areas such as organizational management, policy planning, major reforms, infrastructure construction, and pilot demonstration, and better promote cross-department, cross-field, cross-regional, and cross-level linkage, achieving "reaching the vast and fulfilling the subtle." [14]14 "Reaching the vast and fulfilling the subtle" (zhi guang da er jin jing wei) is a phrase from the Doctrine of the Mean, meaning to achieve both broad scope and fine detail. We must make efforts in law-based governance, focus on using the rule of law thinking and methods to promote border governance, accelerate the work of enacting, amending, abolishing, and interpreting laws and regulations related to border governance, further improve the "four beams and eight pillars" [15]15 "Four beams and eight pillars" (si liang ba zhu) is a metaphor for the main supporting framework of a system. of the border governance system, give full play to the normative, guiding, and guaranteeing role of laws and regulations, and strive to achieve "law pacifies the world, virtue moistens people's hearts." We must make efforts in comprehensive governance, focus on taking problems as targets, technology as support, and effectiveness as the standard, adapt to the new trend of increased cross-boundary, correlation, and penetration of contradictions and risks in the field of border governance, improve the linkage mechanism of mutual support, close cooperation, and information sharing, and form a good situation of joint problem-solving, joint shortcoming-filling, and joint risk prevention. We must make efforts in source governance, focus on adhering to and developing the "Fengqiao Experience" [16]16 "Fengqiao Experience" (Fengqiao jingyan) is a model of grassroots social governance originating in Fengqiao, Zhejiang Province, emphasizing conflict resolution through mediation. in the New Era, always adhere to the Party's mass line, promote the shift of the center of gravity of social governance and services to the primary level, sink more resources to the primary level, build a strong barrier for maintaining national unity, ethnic unity, and border stability, and make the situation of stability and harmony in border areas more consolidated.

坚持系统治理、依法治理、综合治理、源头治理，把制度优势转化为治理效能。边疆治理是一门科学，要深化边疆治理规律性认识，把握其贯穿国家治理宏观和微观、当前和长远、特殊和一般的重要特点，更加注重系统集成、更加注重突出重点、更加注重改革实效，实现高质量发展和高水平安全良性互动。要在系统治理上下功夫，注重强化战略协作、政策协同、机制协同、行动协同，加强边疆治理在组织管理、政策规划、重大改革、基础建设、试点示范等方面的统筹力度，更好推动跨部门、跨领域、跨区域、跨层级联动，实现“致广大而尽精微”。要在依法治理上下功夫，注重运用法治思维和法治方式推动边疆治理，加快推进边疆治理相关法律法规立改废释工作，进一步完善边疆治理体系的“四梁八柱”，发挥好法律法规的规范、引导、保障作用，努力实现法安天下、德润人心。要在综合治理上下功夫，注重以问题为靶向、以技术为支撑、以效果为标准，适应边疆治理领域矛盾风险跨界性、关联性、穿透性增强的新趋势，完善相互支持、密切配合、信息共享的联动机制，形成问题联治、短板联补、风险联防的良好局面。要在源头治理上下功夫，注重坚持好、发展好新时代“枫桥经验”，始终坚持党的群众路线，推动社会治理和服务重心向基层下移，把更多资源下沉到基层，筑牢维护国家统一、民族团结、边疆稳固的坚强屏障，让边疆地区安定和谐局面更加巩固。

"The long wind blows past the Yumen Pass, the vast border areas take on a new look." [17]17 "The long wind blows past the Yumen Pass" (chang feng chui du Yumen guan) is a poetic reference to Yumen Pass, a historic frontier outpost in the Silk Road, symbolizing the border region. On the new journey of the New Era, strengthening border governance is crucial to the fundamental interests of the Party and the people, the future and destiny of the country and the nation, and must never be relaxed. In the great practice of advancing Chinese-path modernization, we must deeply study and understand, resolutely implement the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's important expositions on border governance, strive to promote the modernization of the border governance system and governance capacity, continuously improve various institutional mechanisms, consolidate foundations, leverage advantages, fill shortcomings, strengthen weak links, prevent and resolve risks, effectively respond to challenges, promote high-quality development in border areas, unite the people of all ethnic groups in border areas to jointly defend the motherland's frontiers, and jointly create a bright future of Chinese-path modernization.

长风吹度玉门关，万里边疆展新颜。新时代新征程，加强边疆治理攸关党和人民根本利益、国家和民族前途命运，须臾不可放松。在推进中国式现代化的伟大实践中，我们必须深入学习领会、坚决贯彻落实习近平总书记关于边疆治理的重要论述精神，努力推进边疆治理体系和治理能力现代化，不断完善各方面制度机制，固根基、扬优势、补短板、强弱项，防范化解风险、有效应对挑战，推动边疆地区高质量发展，团结边疆各族群众共守祖国边防，共创中国式现代化美好未来。

(The author is a researcher at the Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era Research Institute, Renmin University of China.)

（作者为中国人民大学习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究院研究员）

Online editor: Huihui

网络编辑：慧慧