Vigorously Promote the Interaction and Integration of New Quality Productive Forces and New-Type Industrialization

General Secretary Xi Jinping profoundly pointed out, “New quality productive forces are advanced productive forces driven by innovation, breaking away from traditional economic growth modes and paths of productive forces development, featuring high technology, high efficiency, and high quality, and conforming to the new development philosophy,” and “On the new journey of the New Era, advancing the building of a powerful country and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization, realizing new-type industrialization is a key task.” The interaction and integration of new quality productive forces and new-type industrialization is an inevitable requirement for promoting high-quality economic development, a fundamental pathway for building a modern industrial system by strengthening the strengths and making up for the weaknesses of industries, and a solid guarantee for continuously achieving new breakthroughs and new results in Chinese-path modernization construction.

习近平总书记深刻指出，“新质生产力是创新起主导作用，摆脱传统经济增长方式、生产力发展路径，具有高科技、高效能、高质量特征，符合新发展理念的先进生产力质态”，“新时代新征程，以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业，实现新型工业化是关键任务”。新质生产力与新型工业化契合互动，是推动经济高质量发展的必然要求，是推进产业锻长板、补短板建设现代化产业体系的根本途径，是中国式现代化建设不断取得新突破新成效的坚实保障。

Deeply understand the underlying logic and practical dimensions of the interaction and integration of new quality productive forces and new-type industrialization.

深刻认识新质生产力与新型工业化契合互动的底层逻辑和实践维度

New quality productive forces encompass the new technologies, new fields, and new tracks of the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation, and are the most dynamic revolutionary force accelerating the development of new-type industrialization. The accelerated development of new quality productive forces can lead and drive profound changes in production subjects, production tools, production objects, and production methods, promote the convenient flow, networked sharing, systematic integration, collaborative development, and efficient utilization of factors such as labor, capital, land, knowledge, technology, management, and data, effectively reduce transaction costs, effectively improve resource allocation efficiency, and accelerate the development of new-type industrialization. New-type industrialization is the fundamental support for building a powerful country, and its practical requirements call for accelerating the cultivation and development of new quality productive forces and continuously improving the capacity for industrial innovation and upgrading. In the process of new-type industrialization development, the revolutionary breakthroughs in cutting-edge technologies, the innovative optimal allocation of new production factors such as data with laborers, means of labor, and subjects of labor, as well as the deep transformation and upgrading of traditional industries and the accelerated development of strategic emerging industries and future industries, are the fundamental pathways for continuously spawning and accelerating the development of new quality productive forces.

新质生产力涵盖了新一轮科技革命和产业变革的新技术、新领域、新赛道，是加快发展新型工业化最具活力的革命性力量。新质生产力加快发展，可以引领带动生产主体、生产工具、生产对象和生产方式的深刻变革，推动劳动力、资本、土地、知识、技术、管理、数据等要素便捷化流动、网络化共享、系统化整合、协作化开发和高效化利用，有效降低交易成本，有效提升资源配置效率，促进新型工业化加快发展。新型工业化是强国建设的根本支撑，实践要求加快培育和发展新质生产力，不断提升产业创新与升级能力。新型工业化发展进程中，前沿科技的革命性突破，数据等新生产要素与劳动者、劳动资料、劳动对象的创新性优化配置，以及传统产业深度转型升级和战略性新兴产业、未来产业加速发展，是不断催生和推动新质生产力加快发展的根本途径。

Currently, China’s development has entered a period where strategic opportunities and risks challenges coexist, with increasing uncertainties and unpredictable factors. Promoting the accelerated development of new quality productive forces and new-type industrialization faces a complex and severe internal and external situation. Internationally, the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation will reshape the global industrial division of labor pattern and development landscape, and the increasingly fierce competition and game between major powers is accelerating the reconstruction of global industrial and supply chains, increasing risks to the security and stability of China’s industrial development; domestically, China’s industry has entered a critical period of climbing over hurdles, growing from big to strong, and accelerating its advance toward the middle and high end of the global value chain. The interaction and integration of new quality productive forces and new-type industrialization must completely break away from traditional economic growth modes, focus on improving total factor productivity, continuously shape new drivers and new advantages, support the vision of a manufacturing powerhouse in the context of intense competition between countries, and fundamentally solve the security issue of the autonomous development of China’s modern industrial system.

当前，我国发展进入战略机遇和风险挑战并存、不确定难预料因素增多的时期，推进新质生产力与新型工业化加快发展面临复杂严峻的内外部形势。从国际看，新一轮科技革命和产业变革将重塑全球产业分工格局和发展版图，大国竞争博弈日趋激烈正在加速重构全球产业链供应链，我国产业发展安全稳定风险增多；从国内看，我国产业已进入爬坡过坎、由大变强、加快向全球价值链中高端迈进的关键时期。新质生产力与新型工业化契合互动，要彻底摆脱传统经济增长方式，聚焦提高全要素生产率，持续塑造新动能新优势，支撑国家间强竞争情境下的制造强国愿景，从根本上解决我国现代化产业体系自主发展的安全问题。

On the one hand, adhere to the combination of goal orientation and problem orientation, and use new quality productive forces to make up for the development shortcomings in the innovation chain and industrial chain of new-type industrialization. Use new quality productive forces as a “catalyst” to stimulate the endogenous driving force of traditional industries, break away from the growth path and development mode that relies on large amounts of resource input and excessive consumption of resources and energy, and empower the digital, networked, and intelligent transformation and upgrading of traditional industries. Use new quality productive forces as an “accelerator” to promote the synergistic transformation of the technological paradigm of productive forces development and the digital economy paradigm, establish a new integrated organizational model of upstream-downstream mutual integration, division of labor and cooperation, and benefit sharing, and accelerate the reengineering of the industrial chain and the upgrading of the value chain.

一方面，坚持目标导向和问题导向相结合，以新质生产力补齐新型工业化发展中创新链、产业链的发展短板。以新质生产力为“催化剂”，激发传统工业内生动力，摆脱依靠大量资源投入、过度消耗资源能源的增长路径和发展方式，赋能传统产业数字化、网络化、智能化转型改造升级。以新质生产力为“加速器”，推动生产力发展的技术范式与数字经济范式的协同转换，建立上下游互融共生、分工合作、利益共享的一体化组织新模式，加快推动产业链再造和价值链提升。

On the other hand, utilize the characteristics of personalized development and cross-border integration of new quality productive forces to meet the strategic needs of new-type industrialization development, break through time and space constraints, and forge the strengths of the innovation chain and industrial chain. Strengthen the construction of new-type infrastructure, create a prosperous and orderly industrial development ecosystem, focus on key areas such as advanced process chips, industrial software, high-end equipment, and industrial machine tools [1]1 “Industrial machine tools” (工业母机) refers to machine tools that are used to manufacture other machinery, especially precision and high-end equipment; it is a term commonly used in Chinese industrial policy., accelerate the development of clean energy such as wind power, photovoltaic power, and nuclear power, build an integrated energy base of wind, solar, thermal, nuclear, and storage, and cultivate a number of large enterprises with international competitiveness led by new quality productive forces and dominant enterprises with control over the industrial chain.

另一方面，以新质生产力个性化发展、跨界融合的特征满足新型工业化发展的战略需求，打破时空限制，锻造创新链、产业链的长板。加强新型基础设施建设，营造繁荣有序的产业发展生态，聚焦先进制程芯片、工业软件、高端装备、工业母机等重点领域，加快发展风电、光电、核电等清洁能源，建设风光火核储一体化能源基地，培育一批新质生产力主导的具有国际竞争力的大企业和具有产业链控制力的主导型企业。

Lead the interaction and integration of new quality productive forces and new-type industrialization with scientific and technological innovation.

以科技创新引领新质生产力与新型工业化契合互动

The “new quality” of new quality productive forces is not a gradual incremental evolution of productive forces factors within the traditional framework of productive forces, but a comprehensive leap in the laborers, means of labor, and subjects of labor contained in productive forces led by technological breakthroughs. This includes the leap in the knowledge and skills of laborers, the leap in the technological level of production tools as the most important symbol of advanced productive forces, and the significant expansion of the scope and technological content of the subjects of labor. In particular, scientific and technological innovations with revolutionary and disruptive breakthroughs are not only the fundamental driving force for the development of new quality productive forces but also the key to the “qualitative” leap of productive forces. The “new-type” of new-type industrialization, at the industrial level, is embodied in “new manufacturing” characterized by new scientific discoveries, new production technologies, new production tools, new production factors, and new product structures and uses; “new services” represented by high-value-added producer services; and “new business forms” represented by digitalization, networking, intelligence, and integration. All of these are realized under the leadership of scientific and technological innovation, which is the key force leading the interaction and integration of new quality productive forces and new-type industrialization.

新质生产力之“新质”并不是生产力要素在传统生产力框架下积微渐进的演变，而是科技突破引领下生产力所包含的劳动者、劳动资料、劳动对象的全面跃升，包括劳动者知识和技能的跃升，作为先进生产力最重要标志的生产工具科技水平的跃升，以及劳动对象的范围和科技含量的极大扩展。特别是具有革命性和颠覆性突破的科技创新，不仅是新质生产力发展的根本动力，也是生产力“质”的跃升的关键。新型工业化之“新型”，在产业层面体现为以新的科学发现、新的生产技术、新的生产工具、新的生产要素以及新的产品结构和用途为特征的“新制造”，以高附加值生产性服务业为代表的“新服务”，以及以数字化、网络化、智能化、融合化为代表的“新业态”，这些都是在科技创新引领下实现的，科技创新是引领新质生产力与新型工业化契合互动的关键力量。

Currently, the industrial boundaries and technological systems of China’s industrial sector are undergoing rapid changes. Emerging technology routes and industrial sectors are emerging rapidly, opening a window of opportunity for the interaction and integration of new quality productive forces and new-type industrialization in China to reshape the industrial ecosystem and strive for greater dominance and stronger competitive advantages within the new ecosystem. The interaction and integration of new quality productive forces and new-type industrialization should be led by scientific and technological innovation, take consistent actions, seize the opportunity of industrial ecosystem reconstruction to promote technological breakthroughs and leadership across the entire industrial chain in the new industrial ecosystem.

当前，我国工业部门的产业边界和技术体系都在发生快速变化，新兴技术路线和产业部门快速涌现，为我国新质生产力与新型工业化契合互动打开了重塑产业生态，在新生态下争取更大主导权和更强竞争优势的机会窗口。新质生产力与新型工业化契合互动，要以科技创新引领，采取一致性行动，抓住产业生态重构机会推动新产业生态中的全产业链技术突破和领先。

Systematically lay out key core technology breakthroughs in key areas. Give full play to the advantages of the new-type nationwide system for mobilizing resources [2]2 “New-type nationwide system for mobilizing resources” (新型举国体制) refers to a state-led institutional mechanism that concentrates national resources and coordinates efforts across sectors to achieve breakthroughs in strategic technologies, combining central planning with market mechanisms., focus on key areas and key technologies related to the accelerated development of new-type industrialization and new quality productive forces, strengthen planning for the entire industrial chain and medium-to long-term systematic layout, and promote in an integrated manner the tackling of key core technologies, iterative application, and ecosystem cultivation for the accelerated development of new quality productive forces and new-type industrialization; formulate a scientific and technological innovation roadmap for promoting the accelerated development of new quality productive forces in the industrial field, work from both the demand-pull and technology-push directions, improve mechanisms such as “open competition for the best candidates” [3]3 “Open competition for the best candidates” (揭榜挂帅) is a mechanism where technological challenges are publicly announced, and teams or individuals compete to solve them, with the winners receiving support., and concentrate superior resources to promote breakthroughs in major strategic technologies and products; vigorously support basic research, strengthen original and leading scientific and technological research, and promote the accelerated development of new quality productive forces and new-type industrialization.

系统布局重点领域关键核心技术攻关。充分发挥新型举国体制优势，围绕事关新型工业化和新质生产力加快发展的关键领域和关键技术，加强全产业链谋划和中长期系统布局，一体推进新质生产力与新型工业化加快发展的关键核心技术攻关、迭代应用、生态培育；制定工业领域推动新质生产力加快发展的科技创新图谱，从需求牵引和技术推动双向发力，健全“揭榜挂帅”等机制，集中优势资源推进重大战略性技术和产品攻关突破；大力支持基础研究，加强原创性引领性科技攻关，推动新质生产力与新型工业化加快发展。

Actively cultivate future industries such as generative artificial intelligence, humanoid robots, 6G, the metaverse, quantum information, and deep sea and aerospace development. Seize the opportunities presented by the technological revolution and industrial transformation, strengthen situation assessment, benchmark against the global industrial innovation frontier, track the development trends of “future intelligence,” “future production,” “future computing power,” and “future business,” and focus on developing future industries that lead and drive the strong growth of the real economy as the key direction for industrial layout. Select tracks with greater potential among them for key development, gradually pilot application scenarios such as artificial intelligence, the metaverse, and quantum information, strengthen content creation matching future industries, accelerate the formation of industrial chains and industrial clusters representing new quality productive forces, and win the initiative in the development of new quality productive forces and new-type industrialization.

积极培育生成式人工智能、人形机器人、6G、元宇宙、量子信息、深海空天开发等未来产业。把握科技革命和产业变革先机，加强形势研判，对标全球产业创新前沿，跟踪“未来智力”“未来生产”“未来算力”“未来商业”的发展趋势，着力发展引领、带动实体经济强劲增长的未来产业作为产业重点布局方向，选择其中潜力较大的赛道重点发展，逐步试点人工智能、元宇宙、量子信息等应用场景，强化匹配未来产业的内容创造，加快形成代表新质生产力的产业链和产业集群，赢得新质生产力与新型工业化发展的主动权。

Actively cultivate strategic emerging industries such as new energy, new materials, advanced manufacturing, and electronic information. By improving the government’s support system for the interaction and integration of new quality productive forces and new-type industrialization, especially promoting long-term mechanism reform in areas such as policy support, factor input, incentive guarantees, and service supervision, better play the guiding role of the market in technology research and development directions, route selection, and allocation of various scientific and technological innovation factors, promote enterprises to become the main body of technological innovation decision-making, R&D investment, scientific research organization, and achievement transformation, cultivate a number of digital innovation leading enterprises with prominent core technology capabilities and strong integrated innovation capabilities, and create conditions for the accelerated development of strategic emerging industries. In particular, accelerate the transformation and application of scientific and technological innovation achievements, break through various barriers to the interaction and integration of new quality productive forces and new-type industrialization, realize a “one-stop” leap in strategic emerging industries in terms of technological breakthroughs, product manufacturing, and market models, and form a new situation where new technologies, new products, and new business forms representing new quality productive forces flourish.

积极培育新能源、新材料、先进制造、电子信息等战略性新兴产业。通过完善政府对新质生产力与新型工业化契合互动支持体系，特别是推进政策支持、要素投入、激励保障、服务监管等领域长效机制改革，更好地发挥市场对技术研发方向、路线选择、各类科技创新要素配置的导向作用，推动企业成为技术创新决策、研发投入、科研组织和成果转化的主体，培育一批核心技术能力突出、集成创新能力强的数字创新领军企业，为战略性新兴产业加快发展创造条件。特别是加快科技创新成果转化应用，打通新质生产力与新型工业化契合互动的各种关卡，实现战略性新兴产业在技术突破、产品制造、市场模式等方面的“一条龙”跃升，形成代表新质生产力新技术、新产品、新业态蓬勃发展的新局面。

Current focal points for promoting the interaction and integration of new quality productive forces and new-type industrialization.

当前推动新质生产力与新型工业化契合互动的着力点

The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC proposed basically realizing new-type industrialization by 2035. The interaction and integration of new quality productive forces and new-type industrialization should revolve around this goal, take General Secretary Xi Jinping’s series of important expositions on developing new quality productive forces as the fundamental guidance and action guide, deeply understand the significance of accelerating the development of new quality productive forces for deeply promoting new-type industrialization, clarify the timetable and roadmap, highlight priorities, and grasp the key points.

党的二十大报告提出，到2035年基本实现新型工业化。新质生产力与新型工业化的契合互动要围绕这一目标，以习近平总书记就发展新质生产力作出的一系列重要论述为根本遵循和行动指南，深刻认识加快发展新质生产力对深入推进新型工业化的重要意义，明确时间表、路线图，突出重点、抓住关键。

Optimize the policy environment and activate the endogenous vitality of the market and enterprises. Due to factors such as technological and market uncertainty, the interaction and integration of new quality productive forces and new-type industrialization cannot proceed along a predetermined route sequentially. This requires strengthening the pre-positioning and foundational status of competition policy in the policy system, providing stable expectations for fair competition among various types of enterprises, especially by improving the efficiency of the implementation of intellectual property protection laws and regulations, maintaining a fair competition environment, forcing strategic emerging industries and future industries to achieve innovation-driven development, and forming an endogenous market motivation for the interaction and integration of new quality productive forces and new-type industrialization. Further clarify the “superior policy” status of industrial security policies and competition policies relative to general industrial policies, define the authority and responsibility interfaces and work interfaces between industrial development policy formulation and implementation departments, industrial security management departments, and competition policy implementation departments, so that development goals and security goals achieve comprehensive optimization and reasonable balance, avoiding target conflicts, mutual constraints, and the fallacy of composition [4]4 “Fallacy of composition” (合成谬误) here refers to the logical error of assuming that what is beneficial for one part is necessarily beneficial for the whole, a risk in policy coordination. in policy implementation.

优化政策环境，激活市场和企业内生活力。由于技术和市场不确定性等因素影响，新质生产力与新型工业化契合互动不可能按照既定的路线依次推进。这需要强化竞争政策在政策体系中的前置作用和基础性地位，为各类企业公平竞争提供稳定预期，尤其是通过提高知识产权保护法律法规实施的效率，维护公平竞争环境，倒逼战略性新兴产业和未来产业实现创新驱动发展，形成新质生产力与新型工业化契合互动内生的市场动力。进一步明确产业安全政策和竞争政策相对于一般性产业政策的“上位政策”地位，界定产业发展政策制定和实施部门、产业安全管理部门与竞争政策实施部门之间的权责界面和工作接口，使发展目标与安全目标达到综合优化和合理兼顾，避免政策实施中的目标冲突、相互掣肘和合成谬误。

Consolidate the institutional strengths and give full play to the dual advantages of the new-type nationwide system for mobilizing resources and local creative vitality. The implementation of the new-type nationwide system for mobilizing resources at the central level should be more focused, ensuring that in the appropriate fields of new quality productive forces and specific stages of new-type industrialization, overall coordination of the entire industrial chain is carried out, making it an important supplement to the effective market. Currently, it is particularly necessary to strengthen communication and collaboration among various government departments, strengthen top-level design and overall planning, strengthen evaluation, weaken process supervision, and establish a flatter organizational and implementation mechanism for the nationwide system. Give full play to the creativity and initiative of local governments, on the basis of deepening the reform of the fiscal and taxation system, strengthen the innovation performance assessment of local governments, fundamentally guide local governments to focus industrial policies on original and disruptive technological innovation and its industrial transformation, constrain the space for distorting productive investment, and avoid falling into the vicious cycle of “repeated introduction” and “overcapacity.”

筑牢体制长板，发挥新型举国体制和地方创造活力双优势。中央层面实施新型举国体制要更加聚焦，确保在恰当的新质生产力领域和新型工业化的特定阶段，对全产业链进行全局协调，使其成为有效市场重要补充。当前，特别需要加强各政府部门的沟通协作，加强顶层设计和总体规划，强化评估，弱化过程监管，建立更加扁平的举国体制组织实施机制。充分发挥地方政府的创造性和积极性，在深化财政税收体制改革的基础上，强化地方政府的创新绩效考核，从根本上引导地方将产业政策聚焦于原创性、颠覆性技术创新及其产业转化，约束扭曲生产性投资的空间，避免陷入“重复引进”和“产能过剩”的怪圈。

Lead accelerated development and strive to promote the industrialization process in fields with high maturity and high readiness. Accelerate the interaction and integration of new quality productive forces and new-type industrialization during the large-scale industrialization of emerging industries with high technological maturity, good market readiness, and strong industrial correlation, making them quickly become the leading wave [5]5 “Leading wave” (前浪) is a metaphor for the earlier, pioneering wave of development that paves the way for subsequent progress. of new quality productive forces development and new-type industrialization, promote confidence and expectation in the whole society, drive investment and boost consumption in the short term, lead the breakthrough of key core technologies in the industrial chain in the long term, and take this as a starting point to lead the interaction and integration of new quality productive forces and new-type industrialization on a larger scale.

引领加快发展，努力推动高成熟度和高准备度领域的产业化进程。加快推动在技术成熟度高、市场准备度好、产业关联度强的新兴产业大规模产业化过程中新质生产力与新型工业化契合互动，使之尽快成为新质生产力发展与新型工业化的前浪，推动全社会增强信心和期待，短期带动投资、提振消费，长期牵引产业链关键核心技术突破，并以此为抓手，引领更大范围内的新质生产力与新型工业化契合互动。

(The author is Secretary of the Party Committee and Researcher of the Institute of Industrial Economics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)

（作者系中国社会科学院工业经济研究所党委书记、研究员）

Online editor: Huihui

网络编辑：慧慧