Vigorously Promote the High-Quality Development of China’s New Energy

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “China has the institutional advantages of the socialist market economy, the demand advantages of a super-large market, the supply advantages of a complete industrial system, and the talent advantages of a large number of high-quality workers and entrepreneurs. Its economic development has strong endogenous momentum, resilience, and potential.” This profoundly reveals the vast space for China’s economic development and identifies the key factors for China’s leapfrog development achievements in the new energy field. To continuously promote the high-quality development of China’s new energy at a higher level, we must fully leverage these important advantages and thoroughly implement the new energy security strategy of the “Four Revolutions and One Cooperation” [1]1 “Four Revolutions and One Cooperation”: A national energy security strategy proposed by Xi Jinping in 2014, encompassing revolution in energy consumption, energy supply, energy technology, and energy institutions, plus comprehensive international cooperation. proposed by General Secretary Xi Jinping, providing safe and reliable energy security for Chinese-path modernization.

习近平总书记指出：“中国具有社会主义市场经济的体制优势、超大规模市场的需求优势、产业体系配套完整的供给优势、大量高素质劳动者和企业家的人才优势，经济发展具备强劲的内生动力、韧性、潜力。”这深刻揭示了我国经济发展的广阔空间，指明了我国在新能源领域取得跨越式发展成就的关键因素。在更高水平上持续推动我国新能源高质量发展，必须充分发挥这一系列重要优势，深入贯彻落实习近平总书记提出的“四个革命、一个合作”能源安全新战略，为中国式现代化建设提供安全可靠的能源保障。

China’s new energy development has achieved remarkable results

我国新能源发展取得显著成就

Since the New Era, China has unswervingly followed a high-quality development path that prioritizes ecological conservation and promotes green and low-carbon growth, with energy transition and development continuously reaching new heights. The new energy field has continuously achieved leapfrog development, injecting new momentum into economic development, contributing new strength to energy security, and providing new solutions for global energy transition.

新时代以来，我国坚定不移走生态优先、绿色低碳的高质量发展之路，能源转型发展不断迈上新台阶。新能源领域不断实现跨越式发展，为经济发展注入了新动能，为能源保供贡献了新力量，为全球能源转型提供了新方案。

Historic breakthroughs have been made in energy structure transformation. As of the end of 2023, the installed capacity of wind and solar power has increased tenfold compared to ten years ago, has ranked first in the world for many consecutive years, accounting for about 40% of the global total. The annual power generation from renewable energy reached about 3 trillion kilowatt-hours, accounting for about one-third of the total electricity consumption of society, of which wind and solar power generation exceeded the total electricity consumption of urban and rural residents nationwide. In 2023, the share of clean energy consumption reached 26.4%, an increase of 10.9 percentage points over ten years ago, and the share of green electricity consumption reached about 36%.

能源结构转型取得历史性突破。截至2023年底，风电、光伏发电装机规模比10年前增长了10倍，连续多年稳居世界第一，约占全球的40%。可再生能源年发电量达到3万亿千瓦时左右，约占全社会用电量的1/3，其中，风电、光伏发电量超过全国城乡居民生活用电量。2023年清洁能源消费比重达到26.4%，比10年前提高10.9个百分点，绿电消费比重达到36%左右。

The competitiveness of the new energy industry has continuously strengthened. In 2023, China’s mass-produced advanced photovoltaic cell conversion efficiency reached 25.5%. Megawatt-class wind turbine complete machines have formed multiple mature technology routes that have reached the international advanced level. New energy vehicle power batteries rank among the world’s top in technical indicators such as energy density, lifespan, and safety. In 2023, new energy vehicle exports increased by 77.6% year-on-year, ranking first in the world in export volume. China’s new energy products, with high quality and low price cost-effectiveness, have obvious competitive advantages in the international market and have won widespread praise and recognition from consumers in different countries and at different levels.

新能源产业竞争力持续增强。2023年，我国量产先进光伏电池转换效率达到25.5%。兆瓦级风电整机已形成多条达到国际先进水平的成熟技术路线。新能源车用动力电池在电池能量密度、寿命和安全性等技术指标上位居世界前列。2023年新能源汽车出口同比增长77.6%，出口量居全球首位。我国新能源产品以质优价廉的高性价比，在国际市场中具有明显竞争优势，赢得了不同国家、不同层次消费者的广泛赞誉和认可。

The contribution of new energy to green and low-carbon transition has continuously improved. After years of development, many of China’s new energy technologies and equipment manufacturing levels have become globally leading, building the world’s largest clean power supply system, bringing new hope for the global response to climate change. In 2023, the global newly installed renewable energy capacity was 510 million kilowatts, to which China contributed more than half. In 2022, the renewable energy power generation and exported wind and solar products of China jointly contributed to emission reductions of more than 2.8 billion tons of carbon dioxide equivalent, accounting for about 41% of the global carbon emission reductions from renewable energy in the same period. A report by the International Renewable Energy Agency pointed out that over the past ten years, the average cost per kilowatt-hour of global wind and solar power generation projects has cumulatively declined by more than 60% and 80% respectively, a large part of which is attributed to Chinese innovation, Chinese manufacturing, and Chinese engineering.

新能源对绿色低碳转型贡献不断提升。经过多年发展，我国多项新能源技术和装备制造水平已经全球领先，建成了世界上最大的清洁电力供应体系，为全球应对气候变化带来新的希望。2023年，全球可再生能源新增装机5.1亿千瓦，我国贡献超一半。2022年，我国的可再生能源发电量与出口的风电、光伏产品，合计贡献减排量超过28亿吨二氧化碳当量，约占全球同期可再生能源折算碳减排量的41%。国际可再生能源署报告指出，过去10年间，全球风电和光伏发电项目平均度电成本分别累计下降超过60%和80%，其中很大一部分归功于中国创新、中国制造、中国工程。

International cooperation in new energy has steadily advanced. As of now, China has carried out green energy project cooperation with more than 100 countries and regions, and China’s overseas green and low-carbon energy investment has exceeded traditional energy investment. China continues to deepen clean energy technology innovation cooperation with the EU, ASEAN, the Arab League, etc., and the cooperation results have benefited people in many countries. Mechanisms such as the Belt and Road Initiative [2]2 Belt and Road Initiative: A global development strategy launched by China in 2013 focusing on infrastructure and economic cooperation along land and maritime routes. Energy Partnership and the Global Clean Energy Partnership have been established. The overseas clean energy investments of Chinese enterprises cover major fields such as wind power, solar power, and hydropower, helping other countries achieve carbon reduction targets, creating new industries and employment, and promoting common development and prosperity.

新能源国际合作稳步推进。截至目前，我国已与100多个国家和地区开展了绿色能源项目合作，我国在境外的绿色低碳能源投资已经超过传统能源投资。我国与欧盟、东盟、阿盟等持续深化清洁能源技术创新合作，合作成果惠及多国人民。建立“一带一路”能源合作伙伴关系、全球清洁能源合作伙伴关系等机制。我国企业的海外清洁能源投资涵盖风电、光伏发电、水电等主要领域，帮助其他国家实现减碳目标，创造了新的产业与就业，促进了共同发展繁荣。

New energy development fully reflects the significant advantages of China’s economy

新能源发展充分体现中国经济显著优势

The leapfrog development in China’s new energy field since the New Era is a vivid footnote and fresh case of China’s economic institutional advantages, demand advantages, supply advantages, and talent advantages.

新时代以来我国新能源领域取得跨越式发展，是中国经济体制优势、需求优势、供给优势、人才优势的生动注脚和鲜活案例。

The institutional advantage is the fundamental guarantee. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “The strong leadership of the Party, and the institutional advantage of our socialist system in concentrating efforts to accomplish major tasks, are the fundamental guarantees for the stable and long-term development of the economy and social stability.” The key to developing the new energy industry lies in cultivating new quality productive forces, and the socialist market economy system is the economic system that can best stimulate the potential of social productive forces. The development of China’s new energy industry from small to large to strong is inseparable from the strong guarantee of the socialist system in concentrating efforts to accomplish major tasks. Since 2000, China’s R&D investment has grown at an average annual rate of 14.2%, and core technological progress has promoted the continuous high-end, intelligent, and green development of the industry.

体制优势是根本保证。习近平总书记指出：“党的坚强领导，我国社会主义制度能够集中力量办大事的制度优势，是实现经济行稳致远、社会安定的根本保证。”发展新能源产业关键在于培育新质生产力，社会主义市场经济体制是最能激发社会生产力潜能的经济体制。我国新能源产业实现从小到大到强的发展，离不开社会主义制度集中力量办大事的有力保障。2000年以来，中国研发投入平均每年增长14.2%，核心技术进步推动产业不断高端化、智能化、绿色化发展。

The demand advantage is the source of momentum. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “In the coming period, the characteristic of China’s domestic market leading the economic cycle will become more pronounced, and the potential of domestic demand for economic growth will continue to be released.” China, as a huge economy with a population of more than 1.4 billion and a GDP of more than 130 trillion yuan, is one of the most important consumer markets in the world, and there is vast space for the people to pursue high-quality life. The rapid development of China’s new energy is inseparable from the nurturing of strong domestic demand. China’s huge consumer market and diverse vehicle use environment provide soil for the R&D and iterative upgrading of new energy vehicle technology. By effectively leveraging the advantages of the super-large market, China’s new energy industry, after experiencing full competition in the domestic market, has significantly improved its technical and economic level and product cost-performance ratio, ultimately forming a significant competitive advantage in the international market.

需求优势是动力源泉。习近平总书记指出：“未来一个时期，我国国内市场主导经济循环的特征会更加明显，经济增长的内需潜力会不断释放。”我国作为一个具有14亿多人口规模、130多万亿元国内生产总值的庞大经济体，是全球最重要的消费市场之一，人民群众迈向高品质生活的需求空间广阔。我国新能源的迅速发展离不开强大内需的哺育，我国体量巨大的消费市场和丰富多样的用车环境，为新能源汽车技术研发、迭代升级提供了土壤。通过有效发挥超大规模市场优势，我国新能源产业在经历国内市场充分竞争后，大幅提升技术经济水平和产品性价比，最终形成在国际市场中的显著竞争优势。

The supply advantage is a strong support. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “China is the largest market with the greatest potential in the world and has the most complete industrial supporting conditions.” China is the only country in the world that has all industrial categories in the United Nations industrial classification, and its manufacturing scale has ranked first in the world for more than ten consecutive years. It has a complete industrial chain in the new energy industry covering from material R&D and engineering design to manufacturing management and final assembly integration. Thanks to the strong domestic supporting capacity, China’s new energy industry continues to expand its scale and gradually becomes bigger and stronger. As of the end of 2024, China’s installed capacity of new energy power generation, mainly wind and solar power, reached 1.45 billion kilowatts, exceeding the installed capacity of thermal power for the first time.

供给优势是强大支撑。习近平总书记指出：“中国是全球最有潜力的大市场，具有最完备的产业配套条件。”我国是全世界唯一拥有联合国产业分类中全部工业门类的国家，制造业规模连续10多年居全球首位，在新能源产业拥有涵盖从材料研发、工程设计到制造管理、总装集成的全产业链。得益于国内的强大配套能力，我国新能源产业不断扩大规模，逐步做大做强。截至2024年底，我国以风电、太阳能发电为主的新能源发电装机规模达到14.5亿千瓦，首次超过火电装机规模。

The talent advantage is the primary resource. Talent is the primary resource for development. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “China already has a talent team that is large in scale, excellent in quality, continuously optimized in structure, and increasingly prominent in role.” At present, China has built the world’s largest education system, with 250 million people having received higher education, and the average years of education for new labor force exceeding 14 years. The primary driving force for new energy development is innovation, and innovation-driven development is essentially talent-driven. The strong talent dividend provides important support for the sustained and rapid development of China’s new energy. From the perspective of employees, according to statistics from the International Renewable Energy Agency and the International Labour Organization, China had 7.4 million renewable energy jobs in 2023, accounting for 46% of the global total, ranking first in the world. From the perspective of enterprises, as of July 2024, the number of enterprises related to the new energy industry in China exceeded 2 million, a year-on-year increase of 16.4%. From the perspective of industrial talent, according to big data analysis from relevant talent recruitment agencies, China has become one of the top five new energy talent countries in the world in 2023. The large team of high-quality talents has become the backbone supporting the transformation and upgrading of the national energy structure and promoting the improvement of new energy manufacturing and service levels.

人才优势是第一资源。人才是发展的第一资源。习近平总书记指出：“我国已经拥有一支规模宏大、素质优良、结构不断优化、作用日益突出的人才队伍”。目前，我国建成世界上规模最大的教育体系，接受高等教育的人口已达2.5亿，新增劳动力平均受教育年限超过14年。新能源发展的第一驱动力是创新，创新驱动本质上是人才驱动，强大的人才红利为我国新能源的持续快速发展提供了重要支撑。从从业人员看，据国际可再生能源署和国际劳工组织统计，2023年我国有740万个可再生能源工作岗位，占全球总数的46%，居世界首位。从企业看，截至2024年7月，我国新能源产业相关企业数量超过200万家，同比增长16.4%。从产业人才看，根据有关人才招聘机构大数据分析，我国2023年已成为全球前五的新能源人才大国。庞大的高素质人才大军，已经成为支撑国家能源结构转型升级、推进新能源制造和服务水平提升的中坚力量。

Leverage advantages to implement the new energy security strategy of “Four Revolutions and One Cooperation”

依托优势贯彻落实“四个革命、一个合作”能源安全新战略

General Secretary Xi Jinping proposed the new energy security strategy of “Four Revolutions and One Cooperation”, namely promoting energy consumption revolution, energy supply revolution, energy technology revolution, and energy system revolution, and comprehensively strengthening international cooperation, pointing out the direction for China’s energy transition and development in the New Era. It is necessary to further leverage the significant advantages of China’s economy, implement the “Four Revolutions and One Cooperation” new energy security strategy with greater efforts, and accelerate the high-quality development of new energy.

习近平总书记提出“四个革命、一个合作”能源安全新战略，即推动能源消费革命、能源供给革命、能源技术革命、能源体制革命，全方位加强国际合作，为新时代我国能源转型发展指明了方向。要进一步发挥好中国经济的显著优势，以更大力度贯彻落实“四个革命、一个合作”能源安全新战略，加快推动新能源高质量发展。

Rely on the supply advantage to strengthen the new energy industry chain and supply chain. Standardize the development order of the new energy industry chain and supply chain, and resolutely crack down on market-disrupting behaviors. Support leading new energy enterprises and industry associations to use their own advantages to guide the coordinated development between supply chains and between supply chains and the market. Encourage upstream and downstream enterprises in the power and photovoltaic industry chains to establish long-term and stable cooperative relationships through strategic alliances, signing long-term orders, mutual shareholding, etc., promote chain supplementation and chain strengthening, and strengthen the supply chain security guarantee capability.

依托供给优势，强化新能源产业链供应链。规范新能源产业链供应链发展秩序，坚决打击扰乱市场行为。支持新能源龙头企业、行业协会利用自身优势，引导供应链之间、供应链与市场之间协调发展。鼓励电力、光伏产业链上下游企业通过战略联盟、签订长单、互相参股等方式，确立长期稳定的合作关系，推动补链强链，强化供应链安全保障能力。

Make good use of the demand advantage to improve the new energy market. Improve the market system and market mechanisms to promote the development of the new energy industry and promote the sharing and optimal allocation of energy and power resources on a larger scale. Accelerate the construction and improvement of a power market system that organically links medium- and long-term markets, spot markets, and ancillary service markets. Improve the new energy price formation mechanism, and innovate and improve the price mechanism for promoting green development.

用好需求优势，完善新能源市场。健全市场体系、完善市场机制，促进新能源产业发展，促进能源电力资源在更大范围共享互济和优化配置。加快构建和完善中长期市场、现货市场和辅助服务市场有机衔接的电力市场体系。健全新能源价格形成机制，创新完善促进绿色发展的价格机制。

Strengthen the institutional advantage to improve the systems and mechanisms for promoting high-quality development of new energy. Establish and improve fair, open, and transparent market rules, and further reduce market access restrictions for social capital in the new energy field. Focus on system flexibility adjustment capacity, green energy consumption, integrated energy services, and the development of new models and new business forms, and achieve new breakthroughs in mechanism construction. Promote the establishment and improvement of the renewable energy green electricity certificate system [3]3 green electricity certificate system: A Chinese market mechanism that certifies renewable energy generation and allows trading of green attributes for consumption credits., continuously promote green certificate and green electricity trading, actively guide green electricity consumption, improve the green electricity market operation system, and promote the formation of green and low-carbon production methods and lifestyles throughout society.

强化体制优势，健全推动新能源高质量发展体制机制。建立完善公平开放透明的市场规则，进一步减少新能源领域社会资本市场准入限制。聚焦系统灵活调节能力、绿色能源消费、综合能源服务和新模式新业态发展等方面，推动机制建设取得新突破。推动建立健全可再生能源绿色电力证书制度，持续推广绿证绿电交易，积极引导绿色电力消费，完善绿电市场运营体系，推动全社会形成绿色低碳生产方式和生活方式。

Tap the talent advantage to lead the innovation of key new energy technologies through talent team building. Promote universities to add new energy-related majors, actively encourage school-enterprise joint training of composite talents for the new energy industry, and increase the number of reserve talents. Set up special funds for talent introduction and funds for high-end talent introduction projects, use project funds to focus on introducing high-level innovative talents and teams, and increase support. Promote breakthroughs in key core technology equipment, devices, and materials, and continuously improve the industry’s independent innovation level. Accelerate the integrated development of information technology and the energy industry, promote the digital upgrading of the new energy industry, and strengthen the promotion and application of new-generation information technology, artificial intelligence, cloud computing, blockchain, the Internet of Things, and big data in the new energy field.

挖掘人才优势，以人才队伍建设引领新能源关键技术创新。推动高校增设新能源相关专业，积极鼓励校企联合培养新能源产业复合人才，提升产业后备人才数量。设立人才引进专项资金与高端人才引进项目资金，通过项目资金着重引进高层次创新型人才和团队，并加大扶持力度。推动实现关键核心技术装备、器件、材料突破，持续提高行业自主创新水平。加快信息技术和能源产业融合发展，推动新能源产业数字化升级，加强新一代信息技术、人工智能、云计算、区块链、物联网、大数据等在新能源领域的推广应用。

Promote complementary advantages and comprehensively strengthen international cooperation in the new energy field. Adhere to ensuring energy security under open conditions, continuously implement the Belt and Road Initiative, promote the implementation of the Global Development Initiative [4]4 Global Development Initiative: A Chinese initiative put forward in 2021 to accelerate the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development through international cooperation., the Global Security Initiative [5]5 Global Security Initiative: A Chinese security concept proposed in 2022 emphasizing common, comprehensive, cooperative, and sustainable security., and the Global Civilization Initiative [6]6 Global Civilization Initiative: A Chinese initiative proposed in 2023 calling for respect for the diversity of civilizations and enhanced exchanges., promote the construction of the Global Energy Internet [7]7 Global Energy Internet: A concept promoted by China for a globally interconnected smart grid based on clean energy generation and transmission., and strengthen connectivity with neighboring countries in new energy infrastructure. Deepen green production capacity cooperation with developing countries, and actively promote cooperation in wind power, solar power, energy storage, smart grids, and other fields. Strengthen practical cooperation with relevant countries in advanced new energy technologies, actively participate in the formulation of international standards for new energy, and lead international cooperation in the new energy field to address climate change.

促进优势互补，全方位加强新能源领域国际合作。坚持在开放条件下保障能源安全，持续落实共建“一带一路”倡议，推动践行全球发展倡议、全球安全倡议、全球文明倡议，推动全球能源互联网建设，加强与周边国家在新能源基础设施方面的互联互通。深化与发展中国家绿色产能合作，积极推动风电、太阳能发电、储能、智慧电网等领域合作。加强与有关国家在先进新能源技术等方面的务实合作，积极参与新能源国际标准制定，引领新能源领域应对气候变化国际合作。

(The author is the Cooperation Director of the Global Energy Interconnection Development and Cooperation Organization)

（作者为全球能源互联网发展合作组织合作总监）

Online Editor: Huihui

网络编辑：慧慧