Technological Innovation and Institutional Innovation as Dual-Wheel Drive for Converting Old and New Growth Drivers

Currently, China is in a critical period of converting old and new growth drivers. At the Central Economic Work Conference, General Secretary Xi Jinping summarized and refined the Party’s regular understanding of economic work, including the need to “correctly coordinate the relationship between cultivating new growth drivers and upgrading old growth drivers, and develop new quality productive forces in light of local conditions.”[1]1 The Central Economic Work Conference is the annual high-level meeting convened by the CPC Central Committee to set economic policy directions. This is both a theoretical summary and practical summation of China’s economic development experience, as well as scientific guidance for doing economic work well, embodying the latest achievements of Xi Jinping’s economic thought.[2]2 Xi Jinping’s economic thought refers to the economic dimension of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, emphasizing supply-side structural reform, new quality productive forces, and other concepts. Technological innovation is the core element for developing new quality productive forces. To develop new quality productive forces in light of local conditions and promote the conversion of old and new growth drivers, it is necessary not only to continue doing a good job on the subject of innovation, strengthen technological innovation—especially original and disruptive technological innovation—and accelerate the achievement of high-level technological self-reliance, but also to further deepen reforms comprehensively and form a new type of relations of production compatible with it. To implement the spirit of the Central Economic Work Conference, we must deeply study and understand the profound connotation of “correctly coordinate the relationship between cultivating new growth drivers and upgrading old growth drivers,” and, targeting the bottlenecks and constraints of industrial transformation and upgrading, use technological innovation and institutional innovation as a “dual-wheel drive” to promote a smooth and successive conversion of old and new growth drivers, injecting a continuous and powerful impetus into high-quality development.

当前，我国正处于新旧动能转换的关键时期。习近平总书记在中央经济工作会议上，总结提炼我们党对经济工作的规律性认识，其中包括“必须统筹好培育新动能和更新旧动能的关系，因地制宜发展新质生产力”。这既是对我国经济发展经验的理论概括和实践总结，也是做好经济工作的科学指引，体现了习近平经济思想的最新成果。科技创新是发展新质生产力的核心要素。因地制宜发展新质生产力、推动新旧动能转换，既需要继续做好创新这篇大文章，加强科技创新特别是原创性、颠覆性科技创新，加快实现高水平科技自立自强，也需要进一步全面深化改革，形成与之相适应的新型生产关系。贯彻落实中央经济工作会议精神，要深入学习领会“必须统筹好培育新动能和更新旧动能的关系”的深刻内涵，针对产业转型升级的瓶颈制约，以科技创新和制度创新“双轮驱动”推动新旧动能平稳接续转换，为高质量发展注入源源不断的强劲动力。

Scientific understanding of the relationship between cultivating new growth drivers and upgrading old growth drivers

科学认识培育新动能和更新旧动能的关系

Economic development is a process in which old and new growth drivers continuously succeed and convert each other. History and reality both show that new growth drivers and old growth drivers are interconnected and influence each other. New growth drivers are often born from the transformation of old growth drivers, formed in the phoenix-like rebirth of old growth drivers, while the upgrading and iteration of old growth drivers also require the leadership and impetus of new growth drivers. New growth drivers and old growth drivers are dynamic and changing. After transformation and upgrading, old growth drivers can become new growth drivers, and new growth drivers will also become old growth drivers as the times develop and technology changes. Therefore, we must understand the successive conversion of old and new growth drivers with dialectical thinking and a developmental perspective.

经济发展就是一个新旧动能不断接续转换的过程。历史和现实都表明，新动能与旧动能是相互联系、彼此影响的。新动能往往脱胎于旧动能的蜕变、形成于旧动能的凤凰涅槃之中，而旧动能的更新和迭代也需要新动能的引领和推动。新动能与旧动能是动态变化的。旧动能经过转型升级可以成为新动能，新动能随着时代发展和技术变革也会变成旧动能。因此，必须以辩证思维和发展眼光认识新旧动能接续转换。

After more than 40 years of reform and opening up, China’s economy has entered a critical period of converting old and new growth drivers. For example, the real estate industry was an important growth driver for China’s economic development in the past period. However, with profound changes in market supply and demand, the real estate industry is undergoing a deep adjustment. In recent years, China’s “new three items”—new energy vehicles, lithium batteries, and photovoltaic products—have shown strong growth momentum and rapid export growth, but in the short term it is still difficult to offset the demand gap formed by the deep adjustment of real estate.[3]3 “New three items” is a Chinese term referring to new energy vehicles, lithium-ion batteries, and photovoltaic products, which have become major export drivers. Another example: the large-scale expansion of China’s heavy chemical industry is nearing its end, traditional industries have successively peaked and entered a plateau phase, and the space for expanding capacity is gradually narrowing. At the same time, strategic emerging industries have accelerated their growth in recent years, but their share of GDP is only about 13%, which is not enough to offset the loss of momentum caused by the slowdown in the expansion of traditional industries. This requires us to actively promote a smooth successive conversion of old and new growth drivers.

在经历改革开放40多年的发展后，我国经济已步入新旧动能转换的关键期。比如，房地产行业是过去一个时期中国经济发展的一个重要动能。但随着市场供需深刻变化，房地产行业正在经历深度调整。近年来，我国新能源汽车、锂电池、光伏产品等“新三样”增势强劲，出口快速增长，但短期内还难以抵补房地产深度调整形成的需求缺口。再如，我国重化工业大规模扩张已近尾声，传统产业发展陆续达峰并转入平台期，扩大产能的空间逐步收窄。与此同时，战略性新兴产业近年来加快成长，但其占国内生产总值的比重仅约13%，还不足以对冲传统产业扩张放缓带来的动能减损。这要求我们积极推动新旧动能平稳接续转换。

To achieve the conversion of old and new growth drivers, we must scientifically grasp the dialectical relationship between “establishing” and “abolishing,” and adhere to establishing before abolishing. China’s traditional industries are large in scale and widely distributed across sectors, accounting for about 80% of the added value of industries above the designated size. They are the basic plate of China’s real economy. This determines that traditional industries still play an irreplaceable role and hold significant positions in promoting economic growth, absorbing employment, and stabilizing industrial and supply chains. Promoting the conversion of old and new growth drivers cannot neglect the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries. In fact, traditional industries are not necessarily backward industries; through digital transformation and intelligent upgrading, traditional industries can also radiate vitality and vigor. For example, in the past two years, China’s shipbuilding industry has accelerated its digital and intelligent transformation. Not only has it jumped to first place in the world in terms of completed shipbuilding volume, new orders, and orders on hand, but its R&D capacity and technical level have also greatly improved, achieving a simultaneous leap in both the quality and efficiency of shipbuilding.

实现新旧动能转换，必须科学把握“立”与“破”的辩证关系，坚持先立后破。我国传统产业规模大、行业分布广，占规模以上工业增加值比重的80%左右，是我国实体经济的基本盘。这决定了传统产业在促进经济增长、吸纳就业、稳定产业链供应链等方面仍发挥着不可替代的作用，扮演着重要角色，推动新旧动能转换不能忽视改造提升传统产业。事实上，传统产业并不一定是落后产业，通过数字化转型、智能化改造，传统产业同样可以焕发出生机和活力。比如，近两年来，我国造船业加快数字化、智能化转型，不仅造船完工量、新接订单量和手持订单量跃居世界第一，而且研发能力和技术水平也大幅提升，实现了造船质量和效率的同步跃升。

To correctly coordinate the relationship between cultivating new growth drivers and upgrading old growth drivers, we must make concerted efforts in cultivating emerging industries and future industries, as well as transforming and upgrading traditional industries. On the one hand, we must adapt to the new trends of the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation, cultivate strategic emerging industries such as the new generation of information technology, artificial intelligence, aerospace, new energy, new materials, high-end equipment, and biomedicine, making them new engines of economic growth. At the same time, we should make forward-looking arrangements for future industries such as humanoid robots and bio-manufacturing, open up new tracks for industrial development, and win new advantages for future competition. On the other hand, we must take high-end, intelligent, and green development as the strategic direction, transform and upgrade traditional industries, promote equipment renewal, process upgrading, digital empowerment, and management innovation in traditional industries, and achieve a significant leap in the level of productive forces.

统筹好培育新动能和更新旧动能的关系，必须在培育新兴产业、未来产业和改造提升传统产业上协同发力。一方面，要适应新一轮科技革命和产业变革的新趋势，培育新一代信息技术、人工智能、航空航天、新能源、新材料、高端装备、生物医药等战略性新兴产业，使其成为经济增长新引擎。同时，前瞻布局人形机器人、生物制造等未来产业，开辟产业发展新赛道，赢得未来竞争新优势。另一方面，要以高端化、智能化、绿色化为战略方向，改造提升传统产业，推动传统产业设备更新、工艺升级、数字赋能、管理创新，实现生产力水平的大幅跃升。

The key to promoting a smooth successive conversion of old and new growth drivers lies in technological innovation

推动新旧动能平稳接续转换关键在科技创新

The conversion of old and new growth drivers often originates from revolutionary breakthroughs in technology. Every technological revolution in the history of human development, from the invention of the steam engine, the use of electricity, to the popularization of computers and the internet, has accelerated the conversion of old and new growth drivers.

新旧动能转换往往发端于技术革命性突破。人类发展史上每一次科技革命带来的技术突破，从蒸汽机的发明、电力的使用到计算机和互联网的普及，都会推动新旧动能加快转换。

At present, a new round of technological revolution is developing rapidly, showing a trend of cross-integration and multi-point breakthroughs in fields such as artificial intelligence, quantum technology, and life sciences. At the same time, the paradigm of scientific research is also undergoing profound changes. International competition in science and technology is increasingly shifting toward basic frontier areas, and the importance of original innovation and disruptive innovation is becoming more prominent. Original innovation mainly solves scientific and technological problems from the source and bottom layer through basic research, and is the source of technological innovation; disruptive innovation is mainly based on new scientific principles and new technological architectures, forming “explosive” innovation through continuous technological accumulation, promoting revolutionary changes in industrial technology and models. In the new round of technological revolution, artificial intelligence is the most active frontier field, while quantum computing, quantum communication, genomics, brain-computer interfaces, etc., are also nurturing new technological breakthroughs. These original and disruptive innovations break through the boundaries of production possibilities, give rise to new industries, new business formats, and new models, and are changing the ecology of industrial development.

当前，新一轮科技革命迅猛发展，呈现出以人工智能、量子科技、生命科学等领域交叉融合、多点突破的发展态势。与此同时，科学研究范式也在深刻变革，国际科技竞争日益向基础前沿领域前移，原创性创新、颠覆性创新的重要性日益凸显。原创性创新主要是通过基础研究从源头和底层解决科技问题，是科技创新的源头；颠覆性创新主要是基于新的科学原理和新的技术架构，通过持续科技积累而形成的“爆发式”创新，推动产业技术和模式的革命性变革。在新一轮科技革命中，人工智能是最活跃的前沿领域，同时量子计算、量子通信、基因组学、脑机接口等也在孕育新的技术突破。这些原创性创新、颠覆性创新，突破生产可能性边界，催生新产业新业态新模式，正在改变产业发展生态。

From the laws of technological innovation, to transform scientific and technological achievements into new growth drivers, we must not only value the “from 0 to 1” breakthroughs in basic research and the “from 1 to 10” breakthroughs in applied basic research, but also value the “from 10 to 100” transformation of scientific and technological achievements and the “from 100 to N” large-scale industrialization.[7]7 The metaphors “from 0 to 1,” “from 1 to 10,” “from 10 to 100,” and “from 100 to N” are commonly used in Chinese innovation discourse to describe stages from basic research to large-scale industrialization. In this process, not only original and disruptive innovations are needed, but also innovations in key generic technologies, cutting-edge leading technologies, and modern engineering technologies, to achieve a “full-chain” innovation from conceptual design, technology R&D, to pilot testing and then to products. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, under the leadership of the Party Central Committee, China’s scientific and technological undertakings have achieved historic accomplishments and undergone historic changes.[4]4 The 18th National Congress of the CPC was held in 2012, marking the beginning of the Xi Jinping era. At the same time, we must also recognize that insufficient original innovation capacity and a small number of major original achievements are the shortcomings of China’s scientific and technological innovation, and the low conversion rate of scientific and technological achievements and poor conversion channels are the weaknesses of China’s scientific and technological innovation. It should be noted that the process of transforming scientific and technological achievements is essentially a process of docking technological supply with market demand, as well as a process of technological innovation diffusing and penetrating into the industrial field, promoting industrial transformation and upgrading, and improving economic quality and efficiency. The huge value contained in scientific and technological achievements can only be transformed into actual productive forces when they are turned into products and implemented in industrial development.

从科技创新的规律看，要把科技成果转化为新动能，不仅要重视“从0到1”的基础研究突破和“从1到10”的应用基础研究突破，同样要重视“从10到100”的科技成果转化和“从100到N”的大规模产业化。在这个过程中，不仅需要原创性创新、颠覆性创新，还需要关键共性技术、前沿引领技术、现代工程技术创新，实现从概念设计、技术研发到中试再到产品的“全链条”创新。党的十八大以来，在党中央领导下，我国科技事业取得历史性成就、发生历史性变革。同时也要认识到，原始创新能力不足、重大原创性成果偏少是我国科技创新的短板，科技成果转化率低、转化渠道不畅是我国科技创新的弱项。应当看到，科技成果转化的过程，本质上是科技供给与市场需求对接的过程，也是科技创新向产业领域扩散渗透、推动产业转型升级和经济提质增效的过程。科技成果蕴含的巨大价值，只有转化为产品，落到产业发展上，才能转化为现实生产力。

For this reason, to correctly coordinate the relationship between cultivating new growth drivers and upgrading old growth drivers, we must make concerted efforts in technological innovation and the transformation of scientific and technological achievements. On the one hand, we should encourage and guide universities and research institutes to strengthen the construction of original innovation capacity in the field of basic research, achieving major breakthroughs in strategic key core technologies through major original and disruptive innovations. On the other hand, we should accelerate the expansion of channels for transforming scientific and technological achievements, establish specialized institutions for transforming scientific and technological achievements, build a professional team of technology brokers, construct a full-chain system for transforming scientific and technological achievements, and form a good ecosystem that supports the transformation of scientific and technological achievements. We should leverage China’s advantages of a mega-scale market, a complete industrial system, and rich application scenarios, promote better docking and rational matching between technological innovation and industrial supply and demand, and layout and build a batch of concept verification and pilot testing platforms, so that more scientific and technological achievements can be transformed into actual productive forces.[6]6 Concept verification and pilot testing platforms are facilities that help bridge the gap between lab research and commercial production.

正因如此，统筹好培育新动能和更新旧动能的关系，必须在科技创新与科技成果转化上协同发力。一方面，要鼓励和引导高校、科研院所在基础研究领域加强原始创新能力建设，以重大原创性创新、颠覆性创新实现战略性关键核心技术的重大突破。另一方面，要加快拓展科技成果转化渠道，建立专门科技成果转化机构，建设专业化技术经纪人队伍，构建全链条科技成果转化体系，形成支持科技成果转化的良好生态。要发挥我国超大规模市场优势、产业体系完备优势、应用场景丰富优势等，推动科技创新与产业供需更好对接和合理匹配，布局建设一批概念验证、中试验证平台，让更多科技成果转化为现实生产力。

The fundamental driver for promoting a smooth successive conversion of old and new growth drivers lies in institutional innovation

推动新旧动能平稳接续转换根本在制度创新

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “Innovation is a systematic project; the innovation chain, industrial chain, capital chain, and policy chain are intertwined and mutually supportive.” “Technological innovation and institutional innovation must work together in a coordinated manner, with both wheels turning.” Institutional innovation can stimulate the huge potential of technological innovation. To promote a smooth successive conversion of old and new growth drivers, we must strengthen institutional innovation to provide strong guarantees for technological innovation.

习近平总书记指出：“创新是一个系统工程，创新链、产业链、资金链、政策链相互交织、相互支撑”“科技创新、制度创新要协同发挥作用，两个轮子一起转”。制度创新能够激发科技创新的巨大潜能。推动新旧动能平稳接续转换，必须加强制度创新，为科技创新提供有力保障。

To promote a smooth successive conversion of old and new growth drivers, it is necessary to create a good innovation ecosystem. The successive conversion of old and new growth drivers requires government planning and promotion, but this does not mean that administrative forces should be used to directly allocate resources. If resources are indiscriminately poured into areas identified as new growth drivers, it often leads to resource misallocation, redundant construction, and overcapacity. Strategic emerging industries and future industries have high technological content, rapid technology iteration, and large capital investment. Redundant construction in these areas will cause greater waste of resources. Therefore, the government must do what it should do and not do what it should not do; it must shift from relying on administrative forces to secure factor supply and project construction to cultivating a good innovation ecosystem, focusing on institutional supply and service innovation. Practice has proven that the innovation ecosystem is more important than innovation resources. Because resources can flow, with a good innovation ecosystem, innovation resources will continuously converge, and the potential of innovation will be fully unleashed. What the government should do is mainly reflected in: increasing investment in basic research, supporting long-cycle, high-risk scientific engineering and research projects; strengthening policy support for enterprises’ R&D investment in the pre-competitive stage, implementing the policy of additional deduction for R&D investment; smoothing the channels for transforming and industrializing scientific and technological achievements; adhering to inclusive and prudent regulation, relaxing market access for new industries, new business formats, and new models; increasing the construction of new infrastructure such as big data and large computing power, reducing the external costs of business entities; and so on. To create a good innovation ecosystem, the most important thing is to strictly protect property rights and intellectual property rights, form transparent business rules and a market order of fair competition, have a good innovation financial ecosystem such as venture capital and angel investment, and have sufficient human capital investment and talent supply, thereby ensuring that the market plays a decisive role in allocating resources. As long as the innovation ecosystem is improved, enterprises nurturing new growth drivers will spring up like bamboo shoots after rain, new economic growth points will continue to emerge, and the conversion of old and new growth drivers will accelerate.

推动新旧动能平稳接续转换，需要营造良好创新生态。新旧动能接续转换，需要政府谋划和推动，但这并不意味着要通过行政力量来直接配置资源。如果对认定为新动能的领域“一哄而上”，往往会造成资源错配、重复建设和产能过剩。战略性新兴产业和未来产业，科技含量高、技术迭代快、资金投入大。在这些领域出现重复建设，带来的资源浪费会更大。因此，政府必须有所为、有所不为，要从过去依靠行政力量抓要素供给和项目建设转向培育良好创新生态、抓制度供给和服务创新。实践证明，创新生态比创新资源更重要。因为资源是可以流动的，有了良好创新生态，创新资源就会源源不断地汇聚，创新潜力就会充分迸发。政府的有所为主要体现在：加大基础研究投入，支持长周期、高风险的科学工程和研究项目；加强对企业在竞争前环节研发投入的政策支持，落实好研发投入加计扣除的政策；畅通科技成果转化和产业化的渠道；坚持包容审慎监管，放宽新产业新业态新模式的市场准入；加大大数据、大算力等新型基础设施建设，降低经营主体的外部成本；等等。营造良好创新生态环境，最重要的是严格产权和知识产权保护，形成透明的商业规则、公平竞争的市场秩序，良好的创投、风投等创新金融业态，充足的人力资本投资和人才供给，进而保障市场在配置资源中的决定性作用得到发挥。只要创新生态环境改善了，孕育新动能的企业就会如雨后春笋般生长，新的经济增长点就会不断涌现，新旧动能转换就会加快推进。

To promote a smooth successive conversion of old and new growth drivers, it is necessary to form a virtuous cycle mechanism of technology-industry-finance. In promoting the conversion of old and new growth drivers, technological innovation is the source power, industrial innovation is the main channel, and financial innovation is the catalyst. At present, China’s financial system, dominated by indirect financing, has a relatively mature financing model for traditional industries, but in supporting technological innovation and industrial innovation, it still faces problems such as the mismatch between financial services and the financing needs and risks of technological innovation and industrial innovation. For example, technological innovation risks are usually large, while financial institutions tend to seek stable returns; technology enterprises need “long money,” while financial institutions prefer to give “short money”; technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises need “small money,” while financial institutions are accustomed to giving “big money”; technology enterprises have “heavy R&D, light assets,” while financial institutions tend to provide mortgage financing.[8]8 “Long money,” “short money,” “small money,” and “big money” are metaphors in Chinese financial discourse: long money refers to patient capital (long-term investment), short money to short-term loans, small money to small-ticket investments, and big money to large loans. The Decision of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC proposed “building a science and technology financial system that adapts to technological innovation.”[5]5 The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee, held in July 2024, adopted a Decision on further deepening reform comprehensively to advance Chinese modernization. To implement this deployment requirement, we should encourage the development of venture capital, equity investment, and angel investment funds to meet the funding needs of technology enterprises at different life cycles, support long-term capital, patient capital, and strategic capital to invest more in technological innovation; actively explore new models of credit financing to support technological innovation, expand the space for commercial banks to participate in equity investment to support technological innovation; use technologies such as blockchain, big data, and artificial intelligence to reduce the implicit costs and risks of financial services for technology enterprises. In short, we must increase the intensity, breadth, and precision of financial support for technological innovation, and form an all-round, multi-level science and technology financial service system.

推动新旧动能平稳接续转换，需要形成科技—产业—金融的良性循环机制。推动新旧动能转换，科技创新是源动力，产业创新是主渠道，金融创新是催化剂。当前，我国以间接融资为主体的金融体系，对传统产业有较为成熟的融资模式，但在对科技创新和产业创新支持方面，仍面临金融服务不适应科技创新、产业创新的融资需求和风险匹配问题。比如，科技创新风险通常较大而金融机构往往追求稳定收益，科技企业需要“长钱”而金融机构倾向于给“短钱”，科技型中小企业需要“小钱”而金融机构习惯于给“大钱”，科技企业“重研发、轻资产”而金融机构倾向于提供抵押融资。党的二十届三中全会《决定》提出“构建同科技创新相适应的科技金融体制”。贯彻落实这一部署要求，就要鼓励发展创业投资、股权投资和天使投资基金，满足处于不同生命周期科技企业的资金需求，支持长期资本、耐心资本、战略资本更多地投向科技创新；积极探索信贷融资支持科技创新的新模式，拓展商业银行参与股权投资支持科技创新的空间；运用区块链、大数据和人工智能等技术，降低金融服务科技企业的隐性成本和风险。总之，要提高金融支持科技创新的力度、广度和精度，形成全方位、多层次科技金融服务体系。

To promote a smooth successive conversion of old and new growth drivers, it is necessary to further deepen reforms in related fields. The conversion of old and new growth drivers is dynamic, and reforms must keep pace with the times. We must further deepen reforms on the empowerment of job-related scientific and technological achievements, establish a system for managing job-related scientific and technological achievement assets on a separate ledger, allow scientific and technological personnel greater autonomy in the distribution of income from the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and fully release the innovation and creativity of scientific and technological talents. Deepen the reform of market-based allocation of factors, establish and improve basic data systems for data property rights, circulation and trading, income distribution, and security governance, accelerate the cultivation of the data factor market, and better release the potential of data factors to drive the conversion of old and new growth drivers; improve the technology factor market, and smooth the channel for transforming scientific and technological achievements into actual productive forces. Deepen the reform of the science and technology system, improve the management of government science and technology plans, strengthen forward-looking and leading layout in the fields of basic research, cross-frontier fields, and key areas, and increase the proportion of science and technology expenditures used for basic research. Strengthen the primary role of enterprises in technological innovation, establish and improve mechanisms for cultivating and strengthening leading science and technology enterprises, and strengthen enterprise-led deep integration of industry, academia, and research. Deepen the reform of the personnel system, accelerate the cultivation of strategic scientists, first-class leading science and technology talents, and innovation teams, establish a talent evaluation system oriented by innovation capacity, quality, effectiveness, and contribution, and build an income distribution mechanism that fully reflects the value of knowledge and technology. Improve the mechanism for supporting and guaranteeing the introduction of overseas talents, and form a talent system with international competitiveness. In short, through reform, we must unite the forces of the government, the market, and society into one rope, forming a powerful synergy to promote the conversion of old and new growth drivers.

推动新旧动能平稳接续转换，需要进一步深化相关领域改革。新旧动能转换是动态的，改革也要与时俱进。要进一步深化职务科技成果赋权改革，建立职务科技成果资产单列管理制度，允许科技人员在科技成果转化收益分配上有更大自主权，充分释放科技人才创新创造活力。深化要素市场化配置改革，建立健全数据产权、流通交易、收益分配、安全治理等数据基础制度，加快培育数据要素市场，更好释放数据要素推动新旧动能转换的潜能；完善技术要素市场，畅通科技成果向现实生产力的转化通道。深化科技体制改革，改进政府科技计划管理，加强基础研究领域、交叉前沿领域、重点领域前瞻性、引领性布局，提高科技支出用于基础研究比重。强化企业科技创新主体作用，建立培育壮大科技领军企业机制，加强企业主导的产学研深度融合。深化人才体制改革，加快培养造就战略科学家、一流科技领军人才和创新团队，建立以创新能力、质量、实效、贡献为导向的人才评价体系，构建充分体现知识、技术价值的收入分配机制。完善海外引进人才支持保障机制，形成具有国际竞争力的人才制度。总之，要通过改革，把政府、市场、社会等各方面力量拧成一股绳，形成推进新旧动能转换的强大合力。

Promoting a smooth successive conversion of old and new growth drivers provides a path guide for promoting high-quality development. Facing pressures and challenges, we must correctly coordinate the relationship between cultivating new growth drivers and upgrading old growth drivers, promote a smooth successive conversion of old and new growth drivers with strategic focus, a global vision, and systematic thinking, adhere to the “dual-wheel drive” of technological innovation and institutional innovation, let traditional industries radiate new vitality and new dynamism, let emerging industries release new growth drivers and new advantages, let future industries open up new domains and new tracks, and better gather the surging momentum to promote high-quality development.

推动新旧动能平稳接续转换，为推动高质量发展提供了路径指引。面对压力与挑战，必须统筹好培育新动能和更新旧动能的关系，以战略定力、全球视野、系统思维推动新旧动能平稳接续转换，坚持科技创新和制度创新“双轮驱动”，让传统产业焕发新生机新活力，让新兴产业释放新动能新优势，让未来产业开辟新领域新赛道，更好汇聚起推动高质量发展的磅礴动力。

(The author is Vice Chairman of the China Center for International Economic Exchanges)

（作者为中国国际经济交流中心副理事长）

Online Editor: Huihui

网络编辑：慧慧