Leveraging the Advantages of the Super-Large Market to Enhance the Resilience of Industrial and Supply Chains

Enhancing the resilience of industrial and supply chains is an important safeguard for maintaining national economic security and promoting high-quality development. In recent years, the competitiveness of China’s industrial and supply chains has continuously strengthened, and their international standing has steadily risen. However, under the adverse influence of anti-globalization sentiments, geopolitical conflicts, and technological blockades, the situation in which China’s key core technologies are “subject to the control of others” has not yet fundamentally changed; the vulnerability and risk of industrial and supply chains still exist. General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out: “China possesses the world’s most complete industrial system and the largest potential domestic demand market; we must effectively enhance the resilience and security level of industrial and supply chains, promptly shore up weaknesses and strengthen strengths.” This important exposition points the direction and provides the guidelines for China to leverage the advantages of its super-large market to comprehensively enhance the resilience of industrial and supply chains.

提升产业链供应链韧性是维护国家经济安全、推动经济高质量发展的重要保障。近年来，我国产业链供应链竞争力不断增强，国际地位持续攀升，但受逆全球化思潮、地缘政治冲突及技术封锁等不利因素影响，我国关键核心技术“受制于人”的局面尚未根本改变，产业链供应链的脆弱性和风险性依然存在。习近平总书记指出：“我国有世界最完整的产业体系和潜力最大的内需市场，要切实提升产业链供应链韧性和安全水平，抓紧补短板、锻长板。”这一重要论述为我国发挥超大规模市场优势、全面提升产业链供应链韧性指明了方向，提供了遵循。

The role of super-large market advantages in enhancing the resilience of industrial and supply chains is mainly reflected in three aspects. First, the technological innovation effect of the super-large market advantage can promote high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening, thereby driving “chain supplementation.” The larger the market size, the higher the expected returns from high-level technological innovation, which will incentivize innovation entities to increase R&D investment, accelerate the achievement of independent and controllable key core technologies, and resolve the “bottleneck” problems [1]1 “Bottleneck” problems (卡脖子问题, literally “stranglehold problems”) refer to key core technologies in which China is dependent on foreign countries and faces potential supply disruptions. in industrial and supply chains. The larger the market size, the richer the application scenarios and the more abundant the trial-and-error opportunities for high-level technological innovation, which not only helps to share R&D costs and form cost advantages but also reduces the risks faced by technological innovation. The larger the market size, the stronger the capacity to attract global innovation resources into the domestic market, which can enhance the linkage effect of innovation resources between the domestic and international markets and advance high-level scientific and technological innovation.

超大规模市场优势对产业链供应链韧性的提升作用主要体现在三个方面。第一，超大规模市场优势的技术创新效应能够推进高水平科技自立自强，推动“补链”。市场规模越大，意味着高水平科技创新的预期收益越高，这将激励创新主体加大研发投入，加快实现关键核心技术自主可控，解决产业链供应链中的“卡脖子”问题。市场规模越大，意味着高水平科技创新的应用场景更丰富、试错机会更充分，不仅有利于分摊研发成本，形成成本优势，还降低了科技创新面临的风险。市场规模越大，意味着吸引全球创新资源进入国内市场的能力越强，能增强国内国际两个市场创新资源的联动效应，推进高水平科技创新。

Second, the economies-of-scale effect of the super-large market advantage can strengthen the core competitiveness of industrial and supply chains, promoting “chain strengthening.” In modern economies, economies of scale are prevalent. A super-large market helps to fully utilize the economies-of-scale effect to improve production efficiency, reduce production costs, and reinforce the core competitiveness of industrial and supply chains. Under the influence of the economies-of-scale effect, a super-large market will also promote the cluster development of industries, enhance the synergy of industrial and supply chains, improve the efficiency of supply-demand matching in industrial and supply chains, further strengthen the leading position of China’s advantageous industries, and enhance the resilience of industrial and supply chains.

第二，超大规模市场优势的规模经济效应能够增强产业链供应链核心竞争力，促进“强链”。在现代经济中，规模经济普遍存在。超大规模市场有助于充分利用规模经济效应以提升生产效率、降低生产成本，强化产业链供应链核心竞争力。在规模经济效应影响下，超大规模市场还会推动产业集群式发展，增强产业链供应链协同，提高产业链供应链供需匹配效率，进一步增强我国优势产业领先地位，提升产业链供应链韧性。

Third, the complete industrial system effect of the super-large market advantage can strengthen the stability of industrial and supply chains, supporting “chain stabilization.” The larger the market size, the more conducive it is to accommodating a complete industrial system. Relying on its own super-large market, China has become the only country in the world that possesses all industrial categories in the United Nations industrial classification. A complete industrial system is a prerequisite for having strong risk-resistance and industrial adjustment capabilities; it is an internal stabilizer of industrial and supply chains, enabling domestic industries to adopt emergency measures during special periods, quickly mobilize and integrate various factor resources, and ensure the normal operation of industrial and supply chains to the greatest extent possible.

第三，超大规模市场优势的产业体系完备效应能够增强产业链供应链稳定性，支持“稳链”。市场规模越大，越有利于容纳完备的产业体系。依托自身超大规模市场，我国已成为全世界唯一拥有联合国产业分类当中全部工业门类的国家。完备的产业体系是具有强大的风险抵御能力和产业调整能力的前提，是产业链供应链的内在稳定器，使国内产业在特殊时期有能力采用应急措施，迅速调动和整合各类要素资源，最大程度地保障产业链供应链正常运转。

At present, China’s super-large market advantage has played a prominent supporting role in enhancing the resilience of industrial and supply chains, but to more fully leverage this advantage, more supportive measures are indispensable.

目前，我国超大规模市场优势对于提升产业链供应链韧性发挥了突出的支撑作用，但要更加充分地发挥这一优势，更多支持举措不可或缺。

First, further expand domestic demand. Improve the income distribution system, increase the proportion of the middle-income group, raise the income of the low-income group, accelerate the formation of an olive-shaped social structure, and expand the scale of the consumer market. Actively develop service consumption, accelerate the cultivation of new types of consumption, vigorously promote green consumption and healthy consumption, and facilitate the optimization and upgrading of the consumption structure. Promote the improvement of quality and efficiency in government-invested projects, and through government investment and policy guidance, stimulate the investment vitality of private enterprises, effectively increase the total scale of social investment, and enhance the economies-of-scale effect. Resolutely prevent and eliminate duplicate construction and low-level investment; establish and improve mechanisms for publishing industrial investment information and policy interpretation; increase investment in projects that shore up weaknesses and in major national projects; further optimize the investment structure; consolidate the advantages of the super-large market; and promote high-level scientific and technological innovation.

第一，进一步扩大内需。完善收入分配制度，扩大中等收入群体比重，增加低收入群体收入，加快形成橄榄型社会结构，扩大消费市场规模。积极发展服务消费，加快培育新型消费，大力倡导绿色消费和健康消费，促进消费结构优化升级。推动政府投资项目提质增效，并通过政府投资和政策引导，激发民营企业投资活力，有效提升全社会投资规模，增强规模经济效应。坚决防范和杜绝重复性建设和低水平投资，建立健全产业投资信息发布和政策解读机制，加大补短板项目建设和国家重大工程投资力度，进一步优化投资结构，巩固超大规模市场优势，促进高水平科技创新。

Second, advance the construction of a modern circulation system. Improve circulation infrastructure such as highways, railways, bridges, ports, and airports; build a national backbone logistics facility network; create a “corridor + hub + network” logistics operation system; expand the coverage of the logistics network; and enhance the operational efficiency of the logistics network. Promote the construction of “Four Good Rural Roads” [2]2 “Four Good Rural Roads” (四好农村路) is a Chinese policy initiative to build, manage, maintain, and operate rural roads to a high standard., smooth the urban and rural transportation network; build a three-level express delivery logistics network at the county, township, and village levels; thoroughly solve the “last mile” problem of rural logistics; and further activate the rural market. Accelerate the intelligent upgrading of transportation infrastructure; strengthen the application of intelligent equipment in transportation; promote the intelligence of logistics facilities and equipment; improve the interconnection and interoperability of logistics information; accelerate the digital transformation of the modern circulation system; reduce circulation costs; and improve circulation efficiency.

第二，推进现代流通体系建设。完善公路、铁路、桥梁、港口、机场等流通基础设施，构建全国骨干物流设施网络，打造“通道+枢纽+网络”物流运行体系，扩大物流网络的覆盖范围，提升物流网络的运行效率。推进“四好农村路”建设，畅通城乡交通网络，建设县镇村三级快递物流网络，彻底解决农村物流“最后一公里”问题，进一步激活农村市场。加快交通基础设施智能化升级，加强交通运输智能装备应用，推进物流设施设备智能化，完善物流信息互联互通，加快现代流通体系数字化转型，降低流通成本，提高流通效率。

Third, accelerate the construction of a unified national market. Strictly implement the “national single list” [3]3 The “national single list” (全国一张清单) management model refers to a unified negative list for market access applied across the entire country, with no local variations. management model; break down regional segmentation; and enhance the economies-of-scale effect brought by the advantages of the super-large market. Deepen market-oriented reforms of factors; minimize undue administrative intervention in factor price formation to the greatest extent; comprehensively improve factor allocation efficiency; consolidate the advantages of the super-large market; and strengthen the competitiveness of industrial and supply chains. Establish and improve a modern property rights system with clear ownership, well-defined rights and responsibilities, strict protection, and smooth transfer; strengthen the protection of intellectual property rights and data factor property rights; better leverage the market’s decisive role in allocating new types of factors; and stimulate innovation and technological progress. Create a market-oriented, law-based, and internationalized business environment; improve the system for access and licensing; deepen the reforms of “separating permits from business licenses” [4]4 “Separating permits from business licenses” (证照分离) is a reform that separates the administrative licensing requirements for business activities from the business license registration process, simplifying market entry. and “reducing permits after obtaining licenses” [5]5 “Reducing permits after obtaining licenses” (照后减证) is a reform that, after a business obtains its license, reduces the number of permits or certifications required to operate.; promote the “one thing” reform [6]6 The “one thing” reform (一件事改革) is an administrative streamlining measure that allows entrepreneurs to complete all procedures for starting a business as a single integrated process. for establishing enterprises; stimulate the vitality of various market entities; consolidate the advantages of the super-large market; enhance the diversity and completeness of the industrial system; and increase the attractiveness to global innovation resources.

第三，加快建设全国统一大市场。严格落实“全国一张清单”管理模式，破除区域分割，增强超大规模市场优势带来的规模经济效应。深化要素市场化改革，最大限度减少对要素价格形成的不当行政干预，全面提升要素配置效率，巩固超大规模市场优势，强化产业链供应链竞争力。建立健全归属清晰、权责明确、保护严格、流转顺畅的现代产权制度，强化知识产权和数据要素产权的保护，更好发挥市场在配置新型要素上的决定性作用，刺激创新和技术进步。打造市场化法治化国际化营商环境，完善准入准营制度体系，深化“证照分离”和“照后减证”改革，推进企业开办“一件事”改革，激发各类市场主体活力，巩固超大规模市场优势，增强产业体系的多样性和完备性，提升对全球创新资源的吸引力。

(This article is a phased result of the key project of the National Social Science Fund, “The Mechanism and Policy Research on How the Advantages of the Super-Large Market Enhance the Resilience of Industrial and Supply Chains” (23AJL012).)

（本文系国家社科基金重点项目“超大规模市场优势提升产业链供应链韧性的机理及政策研究”（23AJL012）阶段性成果）

(The authors are Dean and Professor of the Institute of Industrial High-Quality Development at Changsha University of Science and Technology; and Professor of the School of Economics at Jiaxing University.)

（作者系长沙理工大学产业高质量发展研究院院长、教授；嘉兴大学经济学院教授）

Online editor: Huihui

网络编辑：慧慧