Further Unleash the Driving Force of the Private Economy for High-Quality Development

Private economy is an important achievement of the development of the socialist market economy. It plays an indispensable role in promoting the two miracles of China's rapid economic development and long-term social stability, and is also an important foundation for high-quality development in the New Era. We must further optimize the environment for the healthy development and high-quality development of the private economy, and consolidate the foundation for high-quality development of China's economy.

民营经济是社会主义市场经济发展的重要成果，在推动我国经济快速发展和社会长期稳定两大奇迹中发挥不可或缺的作用，也是新时代高质量发展的重要基础。要进一步优化推动民营经济健康发展、高质量发展的环境，夯实我国经济高质量发展的基础。

High-quality development is the primary task of building a modern socialist country in all respects, and has become a high consensus and conscious action of the whole society. Private enterprises conform to the general trend of high-quality development and adhere to the path of high-quality development, and have become an important force driving China's high-quality economic development.

高质量发展是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的首要任务，已经成为全社会的高度共识和自觉行动。民营企业顺应高质量发展大势，坚持走高质量发展之路，已经成为推动我国经济高质量发展的重要力量。

Private enterprises are an important force in promoting innovative development. Driven by policies such as optimizing the allocation of innovation resources, opening up major scientific research infrastructure, and promoting efficient circulation of data elements, the innovation capacity of private enterprises has continuously improved, and they have become an important component of China's national innovation system. According to relevant statistics, in 2023, the total R&D expenditure of the top 1,000 private enterprises in R&D investment accounted for 53.6% of the national R&D expenditure of enterprises. As an important subject of scientific and technological innovation, private enterprises contribute 70% of the whole society's technological innovation achievements. 80% of the national specialized and new "little giant" enterprises [1]1 "Specialized and new 'little giant' enterprises" refers to small and medium-sized enterprises that are specialized, refined, unique, and novel, with a focus on innovation and core competitiveness; they are designated at the national level as leaders in their respective niches. and 90% of the national high-tech enterprises come from private enterprises. In recent years, private enterprises have demonstrated outstanding innovation capability, at the forefront of global innovation competition. In 2024, 29 Chinese private enterprises were listed among the Fortune Global 500 [2]2 The Fortune Global 500 is an annual ranking of the world's largest corporations by total revenue, published by Fortune magazine., accounting for 21.8% of the total number of Chinese enterprises on the list.

民营企业是推动创新发展的重要力量。在国家优化创新资源配置方式、开放重大科研基础设施、推动数据要素高效流通等政策推动下，民营企业创新能力持续提升，已经成为我国国家创新体系的重要组成部分。相关统计显示，2023年研发投入前1000位的民营企业研发费用总额占全国企业研发经费支出比重达53.6%。作为科技创新的重要主体，民营企业贡献了全社会70%的技术创新成果。80%的国家专精特新小巨人企业和90%的国家高新技术企业来自于民营企业。近年来，民营企业展现出卓越的创新能力，走在全球创新竞争的前沿。2024年，29家中国民营企业入围世界500强，占我国入围企业总数的21.8%。

Private enterprises are an important force in promoting coordinated development. In recent years, based on the actual situation of agricultural and rural development and focusing on the distinctive advantages of private enterprises, China has deeply advanced the "Ten Thousand Enterprises Assisting Ten Thousand Villages" action [3]3 "Ten Thousand Enterprises Assisting Ten Thousand Villages" is a nationwide campaign launched by the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce in 2021 to encourage private enterprises to participate in rural revitalization., guiding private enterprises to participate in rural revitalization. According to a report by the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce, 29.3% of enterprises participated in the "Ten Thousand Enterprises Assisting Ten Thousand Villages" action, playing an important supporting role in comprehensive rural revitalization. Private enterprises, through means such as extending industrial chains and integrating supply chains, drive the concentration of capital, technology, talent and other factors in rural areas, injecting new momentum into rural revitalization.

民营企业是推动协调发展的重要力量。近年来，我国立足农业农村发展实际、着眼民营企业特色优势，深入推进“万企兴万村”行动，引导民营企业参与乡村振兴。根据全国工商联报告，29.3%的企业参与了“万企兴万村”行动，对乡村全面振兴发挥了重要支撑作用。民营企业通过产业链延伸、供应链整合等方式，带动资金、技术、人才等要素向乡村集聚，为乡村振兴注入新动能。

Private enterprises are an important force in promoting green development. The green development awareness of private enterprises has been continuously increasing, and their green development level has significantly improved. Some private enterprises continue to increase investment in energy saving and carbon reduction, accelerating the transformation and upgrading of traditional production capacity; some private enterprises are the main components of the new energy industry. In 2023, private enterprises accounted for about 60% of wind turbine manufacturers, and the vast majority of photovoltaic equipment manufacturing enterprises are private enterprises, laying a solid foundation for promoting the green transformation of energy. More private enterprises take the initiative to assume responsibility for energy saving and carbon reduction, collaboratively promoting carbon reduction, pollution reduction, green expansion and growth, with remarkable green development results.

民营企业是推动绿色发展的重要力量。民营企业绿色发展意识不断增长，绿色发展水平显著提升。有的民营企业持续加大节能降碳投入，加快改造提升传统产能；有的民营企业是新能源产业的主要组成部分，2023年风电整机制造企业中民营企业约占60%，光伏设备制造企业绝大部分是民营企业，为推动能源绿色转型奠定了坚实基础。更多的民营企业主动承担节能降碳责任，协同推动降碳、减污、扩绿、增长，绿色发展成效显著。

Private enterprises are an important force in promoting open development. The private economy has always played an important role in opening up international markets and participating in international cooperation. From 2012 to 2024, the proportion of private enterprises' import and export volume in the total national import and export volume increased from about 30% to over 50%. Since 2019, private enterprises have become China's largest foreign trade operators, an important force in China's participation in international trade cooperation. With national support in strengthening overseas intellectual property protection, overseas investment operations and rights protection for private enterprises, private enterprises are accelerating their "going global" pace, continuously enhancing international competitiveness and expanding the influence of Chinese brands.

民营企业是推动开放发展的重要力量。民营经济在开拓国际市场和参与国际合作中一直发挥着重要作用。2012至2024年，民营企业进出口额占全国进出口总额比重从30%左右增长至50%以上，2019年以来民营企业成为我国第一大外贸经营主体，是我国参与国际贸易合作的重要力量。在国家加大民营企业海外知识产权保护、海外投资经营和权益保障等支持下，民营企业加快“走出去”步伐，不断增强国际竞争力，扩大中国品牌影响力。

Private enterprises are an important force in promoting shared development. The private economy provides 80% of urban employment, absorbs over 70% of rural transferred labor and 90% of new employment. It is the main field for entrepreneurship and employment in China. By promoting employment and increasing residents' income, it promotes shared development and common prosperity for the whole society. The private economy is also an important contributor to redistribution and the third distribution [4]4 "Third distribution" refers to the distribution of resources through charitable donations and voluntary activities, complementing primary (market) and secondary (government) distribution., providing over 50% of tax revenue, and is an important force in enhancing redistribution capacity. In the past decade, the proportion of private enterprises' donations in total national charitable donations has increased from 50% to nearly 80%, with the average donation scale growing at an average annual rate of about 20%. It has become the backbone of philanthropy.

民营企业是推动共享发展的重要力量。民营经济提供了80%的城镇就业岗位，吸纳了70%以上的农村转移劳动力、90%的新增就业，是我国创业就业的主要领域，通过促进居民就业和增收，促进了全社会共享发展和共同富裕。民营经济还是再分配和第三次分配的重要贡献者，民营经济提供了50%以上的税收，是提升再分配能力的重要力量。近十年来，民营企业捐赠占全国慈善捐赠总量的比重从50％增加到近80％，平均捐赠规模以年均20％左右的速度增长，已成为慈善事业的中坚力量。

At present, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is deepening and evolving. The high-quality development of the private economy faces historic new opportunities and new space. Next, we must focus on solving the difficulties and challenges faced by the private economy in the process of reform and development, industrial transformation and upgrading, and further optimize the environment for the healthy development and high-quality development of the private economy from the aspects of institutions, laws, policies and public opinion.

当前，新一轮科技革命和产业变革深化演进，民营经济高质量发展面临历史性新机遇和新空间。下一步，要聚焦解决民营经济在改革发展、产业转型升级过程中面临的困难和挑战，从制度、法律、政策和舆论上进一步优化民营经济健康发展、高质量发展的环境。

We must improve the financing support policy system for private enterprises, improve the credit enhancement system for private small and medium-sized enterprises, and make great efforts to solve the problems of difficult and expensive financing for private enterprises. Strengthen punishment for breach of trust and legal recovery, create a legal environment where there is "no dare to owe" and "no ability to owe", and strive to solve the problem of arrears of payments to private enterprises. Support capable private enterprises to take the lead in undertaking major national technological research tasks, further open up major national scientific research infrastructure to private enterprises, support the open sharing of public research and development platforms and common technology platforms, and promote the private economy to play a greater role in scientific and technological innovation.

要完善民营企业融资支持政策制度，健全民营中小企业增信制度，下大气力解决民营企业融资难融资贵问题。强化失信惩戒和法律追偿，营造“不敢欠”“不能欠”的法治环境，着力解决拖欠民营企业账款问题。支持有能力的民营企业牵头承担国家重大技术攻关任务，向民营企业进一步开放国家重大科研基础设施，支持公共研究开发平台、共性技术平台开放共享，推动民营经济在科技创新中发挥更大作用。

We must continuously improve the basic systems of the market economy such as property rights protection, market access, fair competition, and social credit. Deeply break down market access barriers, continue to promote fair opening of competitive areas of infrastructure to all types of business entities, improve the long-term mechanism for private enterprises to participate in major national project construction, and clean up and abolish various regulations and practices that hinder the unified national market and fair competition.

要不断完善产权保护、市场准入、公平竞争、社会信用等市场经济基础制度。深入破除市场准入壁垒，持续推进基础设施竞争性领域向各类经营主体公平开放，完善民营企业参与国家重大项目建设长效机制，清理和废除妨碍全国统一市场和公平竞争的各种规定和做法。

We must equally and permanently protect the property rights of all forms of ownership according to law, and further strengthen the protection of private enterprise property rights and entrepreneurs' rights. Strengthen law enforcement supervision, and intensively rectify arbitrary charges, fines, inspections, and seizures. Rely on industry associations and chambers of commerce to establish rights protection platforms for private enterprises, strengthen protection of original innovation of private enterprises, and increase enforcement of intellectual property protection. Improve the long-term supervision of enterprise-related fees and the legal system for clearing arrears to enterprises.

要依法平等长久保护各种所有制经济产权，进一步强化对民营企业产权和企业家权益的保护。强化执法监督，集中整治乱收费、乱罚款、乱检查、乱查封。依托行业协会和商会建立民营企业维权平台，加强对民营企业原始创新的保护，加大知识产权保护执法力度。健全涉企收费长效监管和拖欠企业账款清偿法律法规体系。

We must actively create a social atmosphere that promotes the high-quality development of the private economy, tell the stories of enterprise development well, spread the voice of the development of the private economy in the New Era, and vigorously promote the entrepreneurial spirit. Resolutely resist and refute erroneous statements that slander, fabricate rumors and smear private enterprises and entrepreneurs. Deeply implement the new-era training and empowerment plan for private economic personnel, and create a good atmosphere of full respect and care and support for the private economy.

要积极营造促进民营经济高质量发展的社会氛围，讲好企业发展故事，传播新时代民营经济发展声音，大力弘扬企业家精神。坚决抵制和驳斥污蔑、造谣抹黑民营企业和民营企业家的错误言论。深入实施新时代民营经济人士培育赋能计划，营造充分尊重和关心支持民营经济的良好氛围。

(Author: Guo Chunli, Vice President of the China Academy of Macroeconomic Research)

（作者：郭春丽，系中国宏观经济研究院副院长）

Online editor: Huihui

网络编辑：慧慧