The Contemporary Resonance of the Bandung Spirit and China’s Contribution

Seventy years ago, the Bandung Conference opened a chapter of solidarity and cooperation among Asian, African and developing countries, a groundbreaking achievement in the history of post-war international relations. As an important participant, China made an indispensable contribution to the success of the conference. Over the past seventy years, the Bandung spirit of solidarity, friendship and cooperation has become a shining banner guiding developing countries to change their destinies, achieve common development and participate in global governance. Inspired by the Bandung spirit, the Global South, as a collective of emerging market and developing countries, has increasingly become an important force for maintaining peace, promoting development and deepening cooperation in international and regional affairs. Seventy years on, facing a world of turbulence, transformation and uncertainty, it is of great practical significance to further promote the Bandung spirit and endow it with a new contemporary meaning, to push the Global South to strengthen itself through unity and jointly commit to the great cause of building a community with a shared future for mankind.

70年前，万隆会议开启亚非及发展中国家团结合作的时代篇章，是战后国际关系史上一大创举。中国作为重要参与方，为会议的成功作出了不可或缺的重要贡献。70年来，团结、友谊、合作的万隆精神，成为指引发展中国家改变自身命运、实现共同发展、参与全球治理的一面光辉旗帜。在万隆精神激励下，全球南方作为新兴市场国家和发展中国家的集合体，日益成为在国际和地区事务中维护和平、促进发展、深化合作的一支重要力量。70年后的今天，面对动荡变革、充满不确定性的世界，进一步弘扬万隆精神并赋予其新的时代内涵，推动全球南方联合自强、共同致力于构建人类命运共同体的伟大事业，具有十分重要的现实意义。

I. The Far-reaching Impact of the Bandung Conference

一、万隆会议影响深远

In the 1950s, the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union intensified, and the world fell into bipolar confrontation. At the same time, the wave of decolonization and national independence that began after World War II surged forward. From April 18 to 24, 1955, representatives from 29 countries across Asia and Africa gathered in Bandung, Indonesia, to discuss major issues of common interest to the peoples of Asian and African countries, to voice their common demand for anti-imperialism, anti-colonialism and independence, and to demonstrate the urgent desire of newly independent nation-states for solidarity and cooperation, leaving a brilliant chapter in world history.

20世纪50年代，美苏冷战加剧，世界陷入两极对峙。与此同时，二战后开始的摆脱殖民统治、争取民族独立的浪潮汹涌澎湃。1955年4月18日至24日，亚非两大洲29个国家的代表齐聚印度尼西亚万隆，共商攸关亚非国家人民共同利益的重大问题，发出亚非人民反帝反殖、独立自主的共同诉求，彰显新生的民族独立国家团结合作的迫切愿望，在世界历史上留下浓墨重彩的一笔。

An accelerator of the world national liberation movement. At the Bandung Conference, declarations such as “to eradicate colonialism completely” and “let a new Asia and a new Africa be born” were thunderous, and the call to “unite in support of non-independent regions” greatly inspired the confidence of national liberation movements in Asia, Africa and Latin America. Many colonized and oppressed peoples broke their chains and sought independence, accelerating the collapse of the global colonial system. From 1955 to 1969, the number of independent countries in Asia and Africa increased from 29 to 73. In Africa, seventeen countries gained independence in 1960 alone, which was known as the “Year of Africa.” [1]1 The “Year of Africa” refers to 1960, when 17 African countries gained independence, a key milestone in decolonization. Latin America was also inspired by the Bandung Conference; anti-American, anti-imperialist mass movements and guerrilla wars broke out in several countries. The success of the Bandung Conference accelerated the end of the colonial system built by the West over centuries and ushered in a new epoch in world history.

世界民族解放运动的加速器。万隆会议上，“彻底铲除殖民主义”、“让新亚洲和新非洲诞生”的宣言振聋发聩，“联合起来支持未独立地区”的号召极大鼓舞了亚非拉民族解放运动的信心，许多被殖民被压迫民族挣脱枷锁，寻求独立自主，加快了全球殖民体系的土崩瓦解。从1955年至1969年，亚非地区的独立国家由29个增至73个。在非洲，仅1960年就有17个国家获得独立，被称为“非洲独立年”。拉丁美洲也受到万隆会议的感召，一些国家陆续爆发反美、反帝群众运动和游击战争。万隆会议的成功促使西方数百年建立的殖民体系加速走向终结，迎来了世界历史的新纪元。

The rallying call that launched South-South cooperation. The Bandung Conference was the first large-scale international conference held entirely by Asian and African countries without the participation of colonial powers, marking the formal start of South-South cooperation [2]2 South-South cooperation refers to economic, technical and political cooperation among developing countries, typically in the Global South. and writing the magnificent prelude to the united struggle of countries on the two continents. The conference elevated the struggles of colonial peoples for national independence and liberation and the efforts of newly independent countries to defend their independence into a common cause of Asian and African peoples united against imperialism and colonialism. At the same time, newly independent nation-states faced difficult conditions of poverty, backwardness, depressed livelihoods, and fragile governance. The Bandung Conference deeply recognized “the urgency of promoting economic development in the Asian-African region,” advocated mutual assistance, collective warmth and support among Asian and African countries, and made common development a core task of South-South cooperation from the very beginning. The Bandung Conference also called for a path of cooperation from understanding to respect, and from respect to collective action, in response to the differences and estrangements among Asian and African countries. On the basis of seeking common ground while reserving differences [3]3 “Seeking common ground while reserving differences” (求同存异) was a diplomatic principle articulated by Zhou Enlai at the 1955 Bandung Conference to manage disagreements and foster unity among participating nations., it generated a powerful momentum and progressive thought of solidarity, friendship and cooperation, which has become the source of continuous development of South-South cooperation over the past decades.

开启南南合作的集结号。万隆会议是第一次没有殖民国家参加、完全由亚非国家自主举行的大型国际会议，标志着南南合作的正式起步，书写了亚非两大洲国家团结奋斗的壮丽序章。会议将各殖民地人民争取民族独立和解放的斗争以及新生国家捍卫本国独立自主的努力，上升为亚非人民团结起来反帝反殖的共同事业。同时，新生的民族独立国家面临贫穷落后、民生凋敝、治理脆弱的艰难局面，万隆会议深刻认识到“促进亚非区域的经济发展的迫切性”，倡导亚非国家互帮互助、抱团取暖、扶携前行，让共谋发展从一开始就成为南南合作的核心任务。万隆会议还针对亚非国家彼此间的差异与隔阂，呼吁实现从谅解到尊重，再从尊重到集体行动的合作路径，在求同存异的基础上形成团结、友谊、合作的强大声势和进步思想，成为数十年来南南合作不断发展的源头活水。

A manifesto for world peace and justice. Facing the Cold War, Asian and African countries were unwilling to be drawn into the two camps led by the United States and the Soviet Union, unwilling to see the world plunge into the vortex of conflict again. They resolutely resisted superpower intervention and penetration, defended their independence, and firmly stood on the side of maintaining world peace. Based on the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence [4]4 The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence (mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence) were first jointly advocated by China, India and Myanmar in 1954 and became a cornerstone of Chinese foreign policy., the participating countries reached the Ten Principles of Bandung [5]5 The Ten Principles of Bandung were adopted at the 1955 conference, covering respect for human rights, sovereignty, equality, non-intervention, peaceful settlement of disputes, and cooperation, later influencing UN Charter principles., including respect for fundamental human rights, respect for the purposes and principles of the UN Charter, respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all nations, recognition of the equality of all races and of all nations large and small, and non-intervention or interference in the internal affairs of other countries. The Ten Principles of Bandung were incorporated into UN documents and became an important cornerstone for regulating international relations and establishing the post-war international order. The Ten Principles of Bandung declared that the newly independent Asian and African nations had stepped onto the international stage as an important political force, demonstrating to the world the wisdom, conviction and action needed to promote a just and reasonable international order.

促进世界和平与公正的宣言书。面对冷战，亚非国家不愿卷入美苏主导的两大阵营，不愿看到世界再次陷入冲突的漩涡，坚决抵制超级大国的干预和渗透，捍卫自身独立自主，坚定站在维护世界和平的一边。基于和平共处五项原则，与会国家达成万隆会议十项原则，包括尊重基本人权、尊重《联合国宪章》的宗旨和原则，尊重一切国家的主权和领土完整，承认一切种族的平等、承认一切大小国家的平等，不干预或干涉他国内政等。万隆会议十项原则被联合国文件吸收，成为规范国际关系、建立战后国际秩序的重要基石。万隆会议十项原则宣告亚非新兴民族独立国家作为一支重要政治力量登上国际舞台，向世界展现了推动建立公正合理国际秩序的智慧、信念与行动。

A milestone for New China to step onto the international stage. Seventy years ago, Premier Zhou Enlai [6]6 Zhou Enlai (1898–1976) was the first Premier of the People’s Republic of China (1949–1976) and a key diplomat who led the Chinese delegation to the Bandung Conference. broke through obstacles and led a delegation to the conference, holding high the banner of unity against imperialism, adhering to the principles of seeking common ground while reserving differences and reaching consensus through consultation, providing effective solutions for resolving differences among countries, and facilitating a series of conference consensuses. The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence advocated by China became an important component of the Ten Principles of Bandung, expanding China’s influence and voice in international affairs. At that time, New China had been founded for less than six years, facing strong diplomatic encirclement by the United States, and many Asian and African countries had not yet established diplomatic relations with China. Using the Bandung Conference as a platform, the Chinese delegation actively engaged in direct dialogue and exchanges with Asian and African countries, effectively breaking out of a relatively isolated diplomatic situation, initially shaping New China’s international image of seeking common ground while reserving differences, loving peace, upholding justice and friendly cooperation, winning extensive praise and respect from Asian and African countries, and elevating China’s international status.

新中国走上国际舞台的里程碑。70年前，周恩来总理冲破险阻，率团参会，高举团结反帝的旗帜，坚持求同存异、协商一致的原则，为化解国家间分歧提供有效方案，促成一系列会议共识。中国所倡导的和平共处五项原则成为万隆会议十项原则的重要组成部分，扩大了中国在国际事务中的影响力和话语权。彼时，新中国刚成立不到六年，面临美国强势外交围堵，很多亚非国家尚未与中国建交。中国代表团以万隆会议为平台，积极与亚非国家直接对话交流，有效摆脱了相对孤立的外交态势，初步塑造了新中国求同存异、爱好和平、主持正义、友善合作的国际形象，赢得了亚非国家的广泛赞誉和尊重，提升了中国国际地位。

All of these major achievements and historical processes together nourished, enriched and merged into the Bandung spirit. Its core embodies the value pursuit of solidarity, friendship and cooperation among developing countries, reflects the progressive elements of modern norms of international relations such as sovereign equality, peaceful coexistence and multilateralism, and guides developing countries to strengthen themselves through unity and win-win cooperation, playing a lasting and significant positive role in maintaining world peace and promoting common development.

上述所有这些重大成果和历史进程，共同滋养、充实、融合成了万隆精神，其内核承载着广大发展中国家团结、友谊、合作的价值追求，体现了主权平等、和平共处、多边主义等现代国际关系准则的进步元素，指引广大发展中国家联合自强、合作共赢，对维护世界和平、促进共同发展发挥着持久而显著的积极作用。

II. The Bandung Spirit Remains Relevant

二、万隆精神历久弥新

As time passes and circumstances change, the developing countries that had just won national independence decades ago today have risen strongly as a collective of the Global South. Each era has its own opportunities and challenges; each generation has its own dreams and missions. General Secretary Xi Jinping [7]7 Xi Jinping is President of the People’s Republic of China and General Secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee. pointed out, “Under the new circumstances, the Bandung spirit still has strong vitality.” Facing the accelerated evolution of the changes unseen in a century, the Global South needs to revisit the original aspiration that started in Bandung, creatively develop the precious spiritual wealth left by the Bandung Conference, and let the light of the Bandung spirit continue to illuminate the journey of humanity.

岁月砥砺，时移世易。当年刚刚赢得民族独立的发展中国家，今天已经以全球南方的群体姿态强势崛起。一个时代有一个时代的机遇与挑战，一代人有一代人的梦想和使命。习近平总书记指出，“新形势下，万隆精神仍然具有强大生命力”。面对世界百年未有之大变局加速演进，全球南方需要重温从万隆一路走来的初心，创造性发展万隆会议留下的宝贵精神财富，让万隆精神的光芒继续照亮人类前进的征程。

Grasp the fundamental trend of the rising strategic status of the Global South and strengthen strategic confidence in promoting the Bandung spirit. During the Bandung Conference era, there were fewer than 30 independent countries in Asia and Africa, and they generally had weak economic foundations and needed to rebuild. Today, these two ancient continents have undergone extensive and profound changes and become regions with enormous development vitality. Looking around the world, the countries of the Global South account for more than two-thirds of the world’s number of countries and population, their combined economic output accounts for over 40% of the global total, and their contribution to world economic growth reaches 80%, making them the main engine driving global economic growth. In recent years, intra-Global South trade has grown rapidly, and the catch-up trend in the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation is clear, indicating enhanced long-term development potential and endogenous momentum. As General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, “The Global South is making a remarkable rise and playing an increasingly important role in advancing human progress.” The Global South is undergoing another political awakening that is shaking the world, playing an increasingly important role in promoting peace, upholding fairness and justice, and cooperating to address global challenges. It is a force for stability, goodness and progress in today’s world. Standing at the forefront of the times, while consolidating the achievements of independence, the Global South is committed to empowering world peace and stability, promoting common prosperity for all countries, and making the Bandung spirit manifest its contemporary value and practical significance.

把握全球南方战略地位上升的根本趋势，强化弘扬万隆精神的战略信心。万隆会议时期，亚非地区独立国家不足30个，而且普遍经济基础薄弱、百废待兴。如今，亚非这两片古老大陆发生了广泛而深刻的变化，成为具有巨大发展活力的地区。环顾世界，全球南方国家数量和人口总数占世界2/3以上，经济总量全球占比超过40%，对世界经济增长的贡献率达到80%，成为拉动世界经济增长的主要引擎。近年来，全球南方内部贸易快速增长，在新一轮科技革命和产业变革中赶超势头明显，表明长期发展潜力和内生动力增强。正如习近平总书记指出的，“‘全球南方’声势卓然壮大，为推动人类进步发挥了举足轻重的作用”。全球南方正迎来又一次震撼全球的政治觉醒，在促进世界和平、维护公道正义、合作应对全球性挑战方面发挥着越来越重要的作用，是当今世界的稳定、向善、进步力量。全球南方挺立时代潮头，在巩固独立成果的同时致力于赋能世界和平稳定，促进各国共同繁荣，推动万隆精神彰显时代价值与现实意义。

Continue the good momentum of leapfrog development in South-South cooperation and expand the broad space for promoting the Bandung spirit. As the world’s largest developing country, China’s participation, leadership and investment have stimulated enormous vitality in South-South cooperation. From a strategic height and a global perspective, General Secretary Xi Jinping has put forward grand ideas and a series of initiatives for South-South cooperation, engaged in close bilateral and multilateral exchanges with Global South countries, drawn up a blueprint for South-South cooperation, and contributed Chinese wisdom and Chinese solutions. With the comprehensive rollout of the Belt and Road Initiative [8]8 The Belt and Road Initiative is a global infrastructure and economic cooperation strategy launched by China in 2013, covering the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road., the establishment of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank [9]9 The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) is a multilateral development bank initiated by China in 2015 to finance infrastructure projects in Asia and beyond. and the New Development Bank [10]10 The New Development Bank (NDB), formerly the BRICS Development Bank, was established in 2014 by BRICS countries to fund infrastructure and sustainable development projects., South-South cooperation has made great strides in policy coordination, infrastructure connectivity and financial integration. The implementation of the Global Development Initiative [11]11 The Global Development Initiative, proposed by Xi Jinping in 2021, focuses on accelerating the implementation of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and promoting stronger, greener and healthier global development. has driven new achievements in South-South cooperation in sustainable development, innovation-driven development and green development. China has put forward the concept of “teaching people how to fish” [12]12 “Teaching people how to fish” (授人以渔) is a Chinese idiom contrasting giving direct aid with enabling self-reliance, often used in China’s foreign aid approach., which is fully reflected in experience-sharing in poverty alleviation, governance and other fields, enhancing the effectiveness of South-South cooperation. Regional cooperation organizations of the Global South are playing an increasingly important role in mediating regional conflicts, maintaining regional stability, counter-terrorism, and combating transnational crime. Global South countries are also using the UN system as their main arena to carry out effective communication and coordination to defend their legitimate rights in economic, social, environmental and health areas.

延续南南合作跨越式发展的良好势头，拓展弘扬万隆精神的广阔空间。作为最大发展中国家，中国的参与、引领和投入激发了南南合作的巨大活力。习近平总书记从战略高度、全球视野出发，就南南合作提出宏伟思路和系列倡议，与全球南方国家开展密切的双多边交流，为南南合作擘画蓝图，贡献中国智慧和中国方案。随着共建“一带一路”全面铺开、亚洲基础设施投资银行和新开发银行成立，南南合作在政策沟通、设施联通、资金融通方面大踏步前进。全球发展倡议的落实带动了南南合作在可持续发展、创新发展、绿色发展方面的新作为。中国提出“授人以渔”理念，并充分体现在脱贫攻坚、治国理政等方面的经验分享中，提升了南南合作成效。全球南方区域性合作组织在调解地区冲突、维护地区稳定、反恐、打击跨国犯罪等方面发挥着越来越重要的作用。全球南方国家还以联合国系统为主阵地，为捍卫自身经济、社会、环境、健康等正当权利进行着卓有成效的沟通协作。

Promote the construction of Global South cooperation mechanisms and consolidate the supporting safeguards for promoting the Bandung spirit. Cooperation organizations and platforms at various levels are emerging and complementing each other, forming a strong synergy and efficient organizational capacity. At the regional level, international organizations such as ASEAN [13]13 ASEAN: Association of Southeast Asian Nations, founded in 1967, comprising ten Southeast Asian countries., the AU [14]14 AU: African Union, a continental union of 55 member states founded in 2002 (successor to the OAU)., the LAS [15]15 LAS: League of Arab States, a regional organization of 22 Arab countries founded in 1945., CELAC [16]16 CELAC: Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, a regional bloc of 33 countries established in 2011., the SCO [17]17 SCO: Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, a Eurasian political, economic and security alliance founded in 2001 by China, Russia and Central Asian states. and CICA [18]18 CICA: Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia, a multi-state forum founded in 1992 to promote peace and security in Asia. are maturing, and China has achieved full coverage of cooperation mechanisms with developing regions, playing a core role in promoting economic cooperation, political coordination and cultural exchanges among countries within the regions. At the cross-regional level, the BRICS cooperation mechanism [19]19 BRICS is an intergovernmental organization originally comprising Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa; it expanded in 2024 to include several other countries. has become the “backbone” of Global South cooperation. Through the new round of expansion and strengthening the “BRICS+” and BRICS partner country mechanisms, its influence over the Global South has greatly increased. Through regular leaders’ summits, ministerial meetings and cooperation projects in various fields, it plays a role in guiding directions and setting examples for Global South cooperation. At the global level, in addition to traditional mechanisms such as the Group of 77 and China [20]20 The Group of 77 and China is a coalition of 134 developing countries at the UN established in 1964 to promote collective economic interests. and the Non-Aligned Movement [21]21 The Non-Aligned Movement, founded in 1961, is a group of states that are not formally aligned with any major power bloc, advocating for decolonization and development., the communication, consultation and implementation mechanisms newly created around the Belt and Road Initiative and the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative [22]22 The Global Security Initiative, proposed by Xi Jinping in 2022, advocates common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security and opposes Cold War mentality. and the Global Civilization Initiative [23]23 The Global Civilization Initiative, proposed by Xi Jinping in 2023, promotes equality, mutual learning, dialogue and inclusiveness among civilizations. are also strong organizational guarantees for Global South cooperation.

推动全球南方合作机制建设，夯实弘扬万隆精神的支撑保障。各层次合作组织和平台不断涌现，相互补充，正在形成强大合力和高效的组织行动力。在区域层面，东盟、非盟、阿盟、拉共体、上海合作组织、亚信等国际组织日臻完善，中国与发展中区域合作机制实现全覆盖，在促进区域内国家间的经济合作、政治协调、文化交流等方面发挥了核心作用。在跨区域层面，金砖国家合作机制已成为全球南方合作的“主心骨”，经过新一轮扩员和做大做强“金砖+”、金砖伙伴国机制，对全球南方的辐射力大大增加，通过定期举行领导人会晤、部长级会议以及各领域的合作项目，在全球南方合作中发挥着举旗定向、示范带动作用。在全球层面，除“77国集团和中国”、不结盟运动等传统机制外，围绕“一带一路”和全球发展倡议、全球安全倡议、全球文明倡议新创立的沟通协商和落实机制，也是全球南方合作的有力组织保障。

Promote the building of a community with a shared future for mankind [24]24 A community with a shared future for mankind is a Chinese diplomatic vision emphasizing interdependence and win-win cooperation among all nations. and endow the Bandung spirit with new contemporary meaning. In 2015, in his speech at the Asian-African Leaders’ Summit, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, “We should vigorously promote the Bandung spirit, constantly endow it with new meaning, and work to build a new type of international relations based on win-win cooperation, advance the international order and international system in a more just and reasonable direction, and build a community with a shared future for mankind, so as to better benefit the people of Asia, Africa and other regions.” Seventy years ago, faced with the major question of “what kind of world to build and how to build it,” China contributed its wisdom and strength to the successful convening of the Bandung Conference and the establishment and development of the Bandung spirit. Over the past seventy years, inspired by the Bandung spirit, China has always adhered to an independent foreign policy of peace, opposed hegemonism and power politics, actively spoke up for Southern countries, and demonstrated the responsibility of a major country on the international stage. China advocates and practices the concept of global governance based on extensive consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits, and has proposed and worked with the international community to implement the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative and the Global Civilization Initiative, injecting new impetus into South-South cooperation. China has actively improved cooperation platforms such as China-ASEAN relations, the China-Arab States Cooperation Forum [25]25 The China-Arab States Cooperation Forum (CASCF) was established in 2004 to promote dialogue and cooperation between China and Arab states., the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation [26]26 The Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) was founded in 2000 to strengthen economic and political ties between China and African countries., the China-CELAC Forum [27]27 The China-CELAC Forum (China-Community of Latin American and Caribbean States Forum) was launched in 2015 to promote cooperation between China and Latin America and the Caribbean., the BRICS summit, and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. China has actively supported the expansion of BRICS and promoted increasing the representation and voice of emerging market and developing countries in global affairs. As the push to build a community with a shared future for mankind expands from a Chinese initiative to an international consensus and transforms from a beautiful vision into rich practice, it will surely propel the world toward a bright future of peace, security, prosperity and progress.

推动建设人类命运共同体，赋予万隆精神新的时代内涵。2015年，习近平总书记在亚非领导人会议上的讲话中指出，“要大力弘扬万隆精神，不断赋予其新的时代内涵，推动构建以合作共赢为核心的新型国际关系，推动国际秩序和国际体系朝着更加公正合理的方向发展，推动建设人类命运共同体，更好造福亚非人民及其他地区人民”。70年前，面对“建设一个什么样的世界，如何建设这个世界”的重大课题，中国为万隆会议的成功举行和万隆精神的确立发展贡献了自己的智慧力量。70年来，在万隆精神激励下，中国始终坚持独立自主的和平外交政策，反对霸权主义和强权政治，积极为南方国家仗义执言，在国际舞台上展现出负责任大国担当；倡导践行共商共建共享的全球治理观，提出并与国际社会携手落实全球发展倡议、全球安全倡议和全球文明倡议，为南南合作注入新的动力；积极完善中国-东盟、中阿合作论坛、中非合作论坛、中国-拉共体论坛、金砖国家峰会、上海合作组织等合作平台，积极支持金砖扩员，推动增加新兴市场国家和发展中国家在全球事务中的代表性和发言权。随着推动构建人类命运共同体从中国倡议扩大为国际共识，从美好愿景转化为丰富实践，必将有力推动世界走向和平、安全、繁荣、进步的光明前景。

III. Promoting the Bandung Spirit Is Crucial Under the New Circumstances

三、新形势下弘扬万隆精神至关重要

Currently, the international situation is marked by turmoil and complexity, protracted geopolitical conflicts, and a constant stream of challenges, with unstable and uncertain factors rising significantly. People of all countries generally hope to strengthen mutually beneficial cooperation and achieve common development. However, the trend of anti-globalization is rising, unilateralism and protectionism are making a comeback, and some major powers are engaging in power politics, bullying, undermining international rules, creating division and confrontation, and arbitrarily encircling and suppressing emerging forces. The world has once again reached a critical crossroads. At the same time, the East-West and North-South relations are undergoing historic shifts of relative change. To stabilize and improve the world, the Global South is key. Promoting the Bandung spirit is not only an inevitable requirement to follow the correct direction of international relations and the trend of the times, but also an objective necessity to meet current global challenges and build a better world.

当前，国际形势变乱交织，地缘冲突延宕不绝，各种挑战层出不穷，不稳定不确定因素显著上升。各国人民普遍期望加强互利合作，实现共同发展，但逆全球化思潮抬头，单边主义、保护主义卷土重来，个别大国大搞强权霸凌，破坏国际规则，制造分裂对立，肆意围堵打压新兴力量，世界再次走到关键十字路口。与此同时，东西南北关系出现此消彼长的历史性变化，要让世界稳下来、好起来，全球南方是关键。弘扬万隆精神，既是顺应国际关系发展正确方向和时代潮流的必然要求，也是应对当前全球性挑战、共建更加美好世界的客观需要。

Uphold international fairness and justice. How major powers treat small countries and how strong countries treat weak ones is the best “touchstone” of international justice. Some major powers, believing in supremacy of power and putting themselves first, engage in unilateral bullying, leading to international unrest and chaos. The Global South should take the opportunity of the 80th anniversary of the victory in the World Anti-Fascist War and the founding of the United Nations to unequivocally voice the call of the times: unity, not division; cooperation, not confrontation; justice, not hegemony; jointly resist all regressive actions; jointly uphold the UN-centered international system and the international order based on international law; jointly promote global governance based on extensive consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits; and prevent humanity from returning to the law-of-the-jungle world where the strong prey on the weak.

捍卫国际公平正义。大国如何对待小国、强国如何对待弱国是检验国际公义最好的“试金石”。个别大国迷信实力至上、本国优先，大搞单边霸凌，导致国际局势动荡不安、乱象频出。全球南方要以纪念反法西斯战争胜利和联合国成立80周年为契机，旗帜鲜明发出要团结不要分裂、要合作不要对抗、要公正不要霸权的时代强音，共同抵制一切倒行逆施，共同维护以联合国为核心的国际体系和以国际法为基础的国际秩序，共同推动共商共建共享的全球治理，避免人类重回弱肉强食的丛林世界。

Maintain an open and cooperative environment. In recent years, the global development process has suffered severe shocks, and the momentum of international development cooperation has weakened. Southern countries, which are in the “fragile zone” of the world economy and have weak risk-resistance capabilities, have borne the brunt. There are no winners in trade wars or tariff wars. Decoupling and severing supply chains harms others and oneself, and protectionism leads nowhere. Politicizing, instrumentalizing, weaponizing, and securitizing economic and trade issues violates economic laws and harms the well-being of people in all countries. The Global South should actively participate in mechanisms such as the Belt and Road Initiative and the Global Development Initiative, promote inclusive and beneficial economic globalization, firmly uphold the multilateral trading system, maintain the stability of global industrial and supply chains, enlarge the “cake” of common development, form an open, diverse and stable world economic order, and promote win-win cooperation among all countries.

维护开放合作环境。近年来，全球发展进程遭受严重冲击，国际发展合作动能减弱。处于世界经济“脆弱地带”、抗风险能力较弱的南方国家首当其冲。贸易战、关税战没有赢家，搞“脱钩断链”损人害己，保护主义没有出路。将经贸问题政治化、工具化、武器化、泛安全化，违背经济规律，损害各国人民福祉。全球南方要积极参与共建“一带一路”和全球发展倡议等机制，推动普惠包容的经济全球化，坚定维护多边贸易体制，维护全球产业链供应链稳定，做大共同发展的“蛋糕”，形成开放、多元、稳定的世界经济秩序，促进世界各国合作共赢。

Safeguard world peace and tranquility. Peace is humanity’s most enduring aspiration. Most Global South countries have suffered from foreign aggression and internal strife, so they deeply understand the value of peace and cherish a tranquil life. Faced with intensified major-power rivalry and frequent flashpoints, the Global South should work together to promote the implementation of the Global Security Initiative, oppose the formation of camp-based confrontation and military coercion, advocate bridging differences through dialogue and resolving disputes through cooperation, promote the political settlement of international and regional hot-spot issues, and contribute the wisdom and strength of the Global South to maintaining world peace and stability. In the face of external interference and the spillover effects of conflicts, it is necessary for the Global South to strengthen strategic communication, enhance mutual trust in security, support each other on issues concerning core interests, strengthen coordination on major international and regional issues, and jointly create a secure and stable international environment.

守护世界和平安宁。和平是人类最持久的夙愿。全球南方国家大多蒙受过外国侵略和内部战乱的苦难，深知和平的宝贵，珍视安宁的生活。面对大国博弈加剧、热点此起彼伏，全球南方要一道推动落实全球安全倡议，反对搞阵营对立和军事胁迫，倡导以对话弥合分歧、以合作化解争端，推动政治解决国际和地区热点问题，在维护世界和平稳定中贡献全球南方的智慧和力量。面对外部干涉和冲突外溢影响，全球南方有必要加强战略沟通，增进安全互信，在涉及彼此核心利益问题上相互支持，就重大国际和地区问题加强协调，共同营造安全稳定的国际环境。

Promote the diversity of human civilizations. Although arguments such as clash of civilizations and civilizational superiority occasionally reemerge, human history proves that the diversity of civilizations is an inexhaustible driving force for human progress, and exchanges and mutual learning among different civilizations are the common aspiration of all peoples. The Global South includes more than 160 countries, with vastly different social systems, historical cultures, and values, together forming a splendid picture of diverse civilizations. Faced with various forms of civilizational discrimination and suppression, the Global South should implement the Global Civilization Initiative together, take the common values of all humanity as a universal guide, support each country in exploring a modernization path suited to its national conditions, strengthen exchanges on governance, promote mutual understanding and affinity among peoples, and encourage tolerance and mutual learning among different civilizations.

促进人类多样文明。尽管文明冲突、文明优越等论调不时沉渣泛起，但人类历史证明，文明多样性是人类进步的不竭动力，不同文明交流互鉴是各国人民共同愿望。全球南方包括160多个国家，社会制度、历史文化、价值观念千差万别，共同构成异彩纷呈的文明画卷。面对不同形式的文明歧视和打压，全球南方应一道践行全球文明倡议，以全人类共同价值为普遍遵循，支持各国探索符合本国国情的现代化道路，加强治国理政交流，促进各国人民相知相亲，推动各种文明包容互鉴。

The wheel of history rolls forward; some spirits always transcend time and remain fresh. Seventy years ago, Premier Zhou Enlai declared to Asian and African countries that the Chinese delegation “came here to seek common ground, not to create differences.” Ten years ago, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized, “No matter how much China develops or how the international situation changes, China will always be a reliable friend and sincere partner of developing countries.” History has witnessed the hardships and glories of China and Asian and African countries walking hand in hand and shoulder to shoulder, and it will continue to witness China and the Global South countries moving toward modernization together and jointly making new achievements and contributions to building a community with a shared future for mankind.

历史车轮滚滚向前，总有一些精神穿越时空、历久弥新。70年前，周恩来总理向亚非各国申明，中国代表团“是来求同而不是来立异的”；10年前，习近平总书记强调，“无论发展到哪一步，无论国际风云如何变幻，中国都永远做发展中国家的可靠朋友和真诚伙伴”。历史见证了中国和亚非国家手拉手、肩并肩一路走来的艰辛和辉煌，也必将继续见证中国与全球南方国家共同迈向现代化、携手为构建人类命运共同体作出的新成就、新贡献。

(The author is Deputy Secretary-General (full-time) of the Research Center for Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy and Vice President of the China Institute of International Studies) [28]28 The Research Center for Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy is a think tank under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China, established to study and propagate Xi Jinping’s diplomatic thought.

（作者系习近平外交思想研究中心专职副秘书长、中国国际问题研究院副院长）

Online Editor: Ma Jingren

网络编辑：马京仁