Inherit and Carry Forward the Great Spirit of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression in the New Era

This year marks the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War. On the morning of June 24, the State Council Information Office held a press conference to announce the overall arrangements for commemorative activities for the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War. Holding these commemorative activities with due solemnity is of great and far-reaching significance for us to remember history, cherish the memory of martyrs, and carry forward the great spirit of patriotism and the great spirit of the War of Resistance. The great spirit of the War of Resistance was forged in the magnificent War of Resistance. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "The great spirit of the War of Resistance is a precious spiritual treasure for the Chinese people." Over the years, the great spirit of the War of Resistance has stirred in the hearts of the sons and daughters of China, always inspiring us to overcome all difficulties and obstacles and strive for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. The new journey of building a strong country and national rejuvenation is an expedition full of glory and dreams, risks and challenges. On the long journey, we will inevitably encounter various predictable and unpredictable risks, challenges, hardships, and even stormy waves. We must inherit and carry forward the great spirit of the War of Resistance, become more determined in the face of difficulties, more courageous in the face of dangers, and continuously achieve new and greater victories.

今年是中国人民抗日战争暨世界反法西斯战争胜利80周年。国务院新闻办公室6月24日上午举行新闻发布会，公布了中国人民抗日战争暨世界反法西斯战争胜利80周年纪念活动总体安排。隆重举行这些纪念活动，对于我们铭记历史、缅怀先烈，弘扬伟大爱国主义精神、伟大抗战精神，意义重大而深远。伟大抗战精神铸就于波澜壮阔的抗日战争。习近平总书记指出：“伟大抗战精神，是中国人民弥足珍贵的精神财富”。多年来，伟大抗战精神在中华儿女胸中激荡，始终激励着我们克服一切艰难险阻、为实现中华民族伟大复兴而奋斗。强国建设、民族复兴的新征程，是充满光荣和梦想、风险和挑战的远征。漫漫征程，必然会遇到各种可以预料和难以预料的风险挑战、艰难险阻甚至惊涛骇浪，必须继承和弘扬伟大抗战精神，做到愈难愈进、愈险愈进，不断夺取新的更大胜利。

Deeply Understand the Rich Connotation of the Great Spirit of the War of Resistance

深刻领会伟大抗战精神的丰富内涵

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "In the magnificent process of the War of Resistance, the Chinese people gave birth to the great spirit of the War of Resistance, showing the world the patriotic sentiment that 'everyone is responsible for the rise and fall of the country'[1]1 "天下兴亡，匹夫有责" (everyone is responsible for the rise and fall of the country) is a classical saying attributed to Gu Yanwu, a Ming-Qing scholar-official., the national integrity of 'facing death unflinchingly and preferring death to surrender'[2]2 "视死如归" (facing death unflinchingly) and "宁死不屈" (preferring death to surrender) are classical four-character idioms expressing absolute determination., the heroic spirit of 'not fearing brutality and fighting to the death'[3]3 "不畏强暴" (not fearing brutality) and "血战到底" (fighting to the death) are classical four-character idioms., and the unyielding and tenacious belief in victory[4]4 "百折不挠" (unyielding) and "坚忍不拔" (tenacious) are classical four-character idioms.." To inherit and carry forward the great spirit of the War of Resistance in the New Era, we must deeply understand its rich connotation from the development of the Chinese national spirit and the practice of the entire nation united as one to bravely fight against the Japanese.

习近平总书记指出：“中国人民在抗日战争的壮阔进程中孕育出伟大抗战精神，向世界展示了天下兴亡、匹夫有责的爱国情怀，视死如归、宁死不屈的民族气节，不畏强暴、血战到底的英雄气概，百折不挠、坚忍不拔的必胜信念。”在新时代继承和弘扬伟大抗战精神，要从中华民族精神的发展和全民族众志成城奋勇抗战的实践方面深刻领会其丰富内涵。

The patriotic sentiment of 'everyone is responsible for the rise and fall of the country' is a precious spiritual asset for promoting national prosperity and rejuvenation. Since ancient times, the sons and daughters of China have been known for their deep family and national feelings. The iron-blooded passion of Wei Qing and Huo Qubing in fighting against the Xiongnu, willing to die wrapped in horsehide to guard the frontier peace; the sense of responsibility of Fan Zhongyan who 'worried before the world's worries' and implemented new policies to save the national crisis; Gu Yanwu's call of 'everyone is responsible' as a writer awakening the common people's mission to 'protect the country'—all these originate from the patriotic genes in the blood of the Chinese people. Since its founding, the Communist Party of China has always taken seeking happiness for the Chinese people and rejuvenation for the Chinese nation as its original aspiration and founding mission. After the outbreak of the War of Resistance, our Party loudly called for and promoted the Chinese people to save themselves. The patriotic enthusiasm of the entire nation burst out, forming a situation of total national resistance where 'the awakened lion roars, who dares to swallow and annex; the scattered sand coalesces, no longer fearing division and partition.' Zhao Yiman[5]5 Zhao Yiman (1905–1936): a female Chinese communist guerrilla captured and executed by the Japanese. She became a symbol of resistance. endured the cruel torture of the Japanese invaders, never revealing secrets, defending national dignity with iron will; the Five Heroes of Langya Mountain[6]6 The Five Heroes of Langya Mountain: five soldiers of the Eighth Route Army who jumped off a cliff in 1941 rather than surrender. faced danger without fear, jumped off the cliff after running out of ammunition, composing a patriotic song with their blood; the Eight Female Soldiers[7]7 The Eight Female Soldiers: eight female soldiers of the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army who drowned themselves in 1938 to avoid capture., to cover the retreat of their troops, after exhausting ammunition and with no hope of rescue, resolutely threw themselves into the surging river, interpreting patriotic deep affection with their lives... The cries and struggles of countless Chinese people 'preferring death to being a slave without a country' 'raised huge waves of national self-rescue,' converging into a vast ocean that drowned Japanese militarism. The patriotic sentiment of 'everyone is responsible for the rise and fall of the country' is not only a powerful spiritual driving force for the victory of the War of Resistance but also a precious spiritual asset for our today's promotion of building a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation.

天下兴亡、匹夫有责的爱国情怀，是推动国家富强、民族振兴的宝贵精神财富。自古以来，中华儿女就以深厚的家国情怀著称于世。卫青、霍去病抗击匈奴，马革裹尸也要守护边疆安宁的铁血豪情；范仲淹“先天下之忧而忧”，推行新政力图挽救国家危局的责任担当；顾炎武高呼“匹夫有责”，以笔为刀唤醒布衣百姓“保天下”的使命意识……这些都源于中华儿女血脉里的爱国基因。中国共产党自成立以来，始终把为中国人民谋幸福、为中华民族谋复兴作为自己的初心使命。抗战爆发后，我们党大声疾呼，推动国人奋力自救。全国人民爱国热情迸发，形成“醒狮怒吼，谁敢鲸吞蚕食；散沙凝结，哪怕豆剖瓜分”的全民族抗战局面。赵一曼受尽日寇酷刑，决不吐露机密，以钢铁般的意志捍卫国家尊严；狼牙山五壮士临危不惧，子弹耗尽后纵身跃下悬崖，用热血谱写爱国壮歌；八位女战士为掩护部队转移，弹尽援绝后毅然投身滚滚江水，以生命诠释爱国深情……无数中华儿女“誓死不当亡国奴”的呐喊和斗争，“掀起民族自救的巨浪”，汇成了陷日本帝国主义于灭顶之灾的汪洋大海。天下兴亡、匹夫有责的爱国情怀，不仅是抗战胜利的强大精神动力，也是我们今天推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业的宝贵精神财富。

The national integrity of 'facing death unflinchingly and preferring death to surrender' is the spiritual backbone for safeguarding national interests and national dignity. The Chinese nation has always advocated the spirit of never yielding to enemies and pressure, forming a concept of integrity that 'cannot be made licentious by wealth and rank, cannot be made to waver by poverty and lowliness, and cannot be made to submit by force and might'[8]8 From Mencius: "wealth and rank cannot make him licentious, poverty and lowliness cannot make him waver, power and force cannot make him submit.". Yue Fei[9]9 Yue Fei (1103–1142): a Song dynasty general known for his loyalty and campaigns against the Jurchen. 'looked up to the sky, let out a long roar, with righteous indignation,' even when deeply trapped, still determined to recover lost territory; Wen Tianxiang[10]10 Wen Tianxiang (1236–1283): a Song scholar-official executed by the Yuan, famous for his poem expressing undying loyalty. left the eternal verse 'since ancient times, who has not died? Leave a loyal heart to shine in the annals of history,' facing death generously; Tan Sitong[11]11 Tan Sitong (1865–1898): a reformer executed after the failed Hundred Days' Reform. with the tragic heroism of 'I laugh at the sky with a horizontal sword, leaving behind two great mountains like Kunlun,' willingly gave his life for reform and rejuvenation... This spirit of advancing wave upon wave and dedicating one's life to the future of the country and nation is rooted in the integrity genes in the souls of the Chinese people. In the life-and-death struggle against Japanese militarism, countless tests of life and death highlighted the lofty national integrity of Chinese soldiers and civilians. The Japanese militarist invaders were extremely brutal to the Chinese people, using inhuman acts, bloody scenes, and appalling massacres in an attempt to force the Chinese people to submit. Facing the butcher's knife of the invaders, the Chinese people acted with awe-inspiring righteousness, charging into the smoke of gunfire, even at the cost of precious lives, to resolutely fight for national independence and the liberation of the people, always being 'the strong grass in the storm' and 'the pure gold in the fire.' The heroic deeds of Yang Jingyu[12]12 Yang Jingyu (1905–1940): commander of the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army, killed in action., Zhao Shangzhi[13]13 Zhao Shangzhi (1908–1946): a leader of the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army, executed by the Japanese., Zuo Quan[14]14 Zuo Quan (1905–1942): a senior commander of the Eighth Route Army, killed in action., Peng Xuefeng[15]15 Peng Xuefeng (1907–1944): commander of the New Fourth Army, killed in action., Tong Lin'ge[16]16 Tong Lin'ge (1892–1937): a Kuomintang general killed in the Battle of Beiping-Tianjin., Zhao Dengyu[17]17 Zhao Dengyu (1898–1937): a Kuomintang general killed in the Battle of Nankou., Zhang Zizhong[18]18 Zhang Zizhong (1891–1940): a Kuomintang general killed in the Battle of Zaoyang-Yichang., Dai Anlan[19]19 Dai Anlan (1904–1942): a Kuomintang general killed in the Burma campaign. and other anti-Japanese generals who died for the country moved heaven and earth.

视死如归、宁死不屈的民族气节，是维护国家利益和民族尊严的精神脊梁。中华民族历来崇尚在敌人和压力面前绝不屈服的精神，形成了“富贵不能淫，贫贱不能移，威武不能屈”的气节观。岳飞“抬望眼，仰天长啸，壮怀激烈”，即便深陷困境仍矢志收复山河；文天祥留下千古绝唱“人生自古谁无死，留取丹心照汗青”，以一身忠骨慷慨赴死；谭嗣同以“我自横刀向天笑，去留肝胆两昆仑”的悲壮豪迈，为变法图强甘愿献出生命……这种为国家和民族的前途命运前赴后继、死而后已的精神，根源于中华儿女灵魂深处的气节基因。在与日本军国主义的殊死较量中，无数次生与死的考验都凸显了中国军民崇高的民族气节。日本军国主义侵略者对中国人民极其残暴，以惨无人道的行径、血雨腥风的场面、令人发指的屠杀，妄图逼迫中国人民屈服。面对侵略者的屠刀，中国人民大义凛然，在炮火硝烟中冲锋陷阵，哪怕献出宝贵的生命也要坚决争取民族独立、人民解放，始终做“疾风劲草”“烈火真金”。杨靖宇、赵尚志、左权、彭雪枫、佟麟阁、赵登禹、张自忠、戴安澜等一批抗日将领以身殉国的壮举感天动地、气壮山河。

The heroic spirit of 'not fearing brutality and fighting to the death' is the spiritual pillar for tenaciously fighting for national self-reliance and self-strengthening. In its long-term survival and development, the Chinese nation has tempered a fearless and vigorous national bloodline, composing a magnificent epic of proactive and unceasing struggle. Ban Chao[20]20 Ban Chao (32–102 AD): a Han dynasty general and diplomat who expanded Chinese influence in Central Asia. The phrase "if you don't enter the tiger's den, how can you capture the tiger cubs" is associated with him. threw aside his writing brush and joined the army, with the decisiveness of 'if you don't enter the tiger's den, how can you capture the tiger cubs,' reshaping the solid frontier of the Han dynasty; Liu Yu[21]21 Liu Yu (363–422): founder of the Liu Song dynasty, known for northern campaigns. led the northern expeditionary army, 'with golden spears and iron horses, swallowing thousands like a tiger,' sweeping across the Central Plains and recovering lost territory; Zheng Chenggong[22]22 Zheng Chenggong (1624–1662): a Ming loyalist who expelled the Dutch from Taiwan., undaunted by the violent wind and waves, 'in white mourning clothes, exiled to the river, vowing to destroy the Hu, with a mighty army of one hundred thousand, swallowing Wu,' crossed the sea to recover Taiwan... So many heroes on the land of China, the bloodline of the Chinese people surges with the genes of national bloodiness. During the War of Resistance, facing the bloody atrocities of the Japanese invaders, no matter how perilous the situation or how cruel the war, Chinese soldiers and civilians always radiated the fearless revolutionary heroism and heroic and tenacious fighting spirit. The Battle of Shanghai[23]23 Battle of Shanghai (August–November 1937): a major battle that delayed the Japanese advance. saw hundreds of thousands of soldiers advance wave upon wave, building a fortress of resistance with their flesh and blood, shattering the Japanese maniacal dream of 'conquering China in three months'; the Battle of Pingxingguan[24]24 Battle of Pingxingguan (September 1937): the first major victory of the Eighth Route Army over the Japanese. saw the Eighth Route Army fight a bloody battle against the Japanese, achieving the first victory; the Battle of Taierzhuang[25]25 Battle of Taierzhuang (March–April 1938): a Chinese victory in the Battle of Xuzhou. saw soldiers charging through a hail of bullets, annihilating a large number of Japanese effective forces, achieving a major victory on the frontal battlefield; the Hundred Regiments Offensive[26]26 Hundred Regiments Offensive (August–December 1940): a large-scale campaign by the Eighth Route Army. saw the anti-Japanese soldiers and civilians maneuver widely, launching full-scale attacks on transportation lines, through continuous fierce fighting severely damaging the enemy's arrogance... On the anti-Japanese battlefield, Chinese soldiers and civilians, with the determination and courage of 'not fearing even if the bones are ground to powder,' threw themselves into heart-stirring struggles, staging one majestic and heroic drama after another.

不畏强暴、血战到底的英雄气概，是为争取国家自立自强而顽强斗争的精神支柱。中华民族在长期生存发展中砺炼出无所畏惧、刚健有为的民族血性，谱写了积极进取、奋斗不止的壮丽史诗。班超投笔从戎，以“不入虎穴，焉得虎子”的果敢，重塑大汉坚固边疆；刘裕率领北伐大军，“金戈铁马，气吞万里如虎”，纵横中原，收复失地；郑成功不惧狂风恶浪，“缟素临江誓灭胡，雄师十万气吞吴”，挥师东渡收复台湾……中华大地上“一时多少豪杰”，中华儿女血脉中涌动着民族血性的基因。抗战时期，面对日本侵略者的血腥暴行，无论形势多么险恶、战争多么残酷，中国军民始终焕发出大无畏的革命英雄主义精神和英勇顽强的战斗精神。淞沪会战，数十万将士前赴后继，以血肉之躯筑起抵御的堡垒，粉碎了日军“三个月灭亡中国”的狂妄迷梦；平型关伏击战，八路军与日军浴血死拼，取得首战胜利；台儿庄战役，将士们在枪林弹雨中出生入死，歼灭了日军大量有生力量，取得正面战场大捷；百团大战，抗日军民纵横捭阖，在交通干线上全面出击，借持续激战重挫敌人嚣张气焰……抗日战场上，中国军民以“粉骨碎身浑不怕”的决绝和勇毅，投身于一场场惊心动魄的抗争，上演了一幕幕威武雄壮的活剧。

The unyielding and tenacious belief in victory is a lasting driving force for unremitting struggle to achieve national prosperity and strength. Since ancient times, the Chinese nation has not lacked far-sighted people of insight and pillars of society with strong shoulders. Yu the Great[27]27 Yu the Great: legendary ruler who tamed the floods in ancient China, symbolizing perseverance. tamed the floods, 'passing his home three times without entering,' spending thirteen years carving through nine rivers; the Foolish Old Man removed the mountains[28]28 The Foolish Old Man Removes the Mountains: a fable from the Liezi, symbolizing determination to overcome obstacles., 'with his sons and grandsons endlessly, generation after generation,' chipping away at the rocks to move the mountains; Zhang Qian[29]29 Zhang Qian (164–114 BC): Han dynasty envoy who opened the Silk Road to the Western Regions. held his envoy's staff and traveled to the Western Regions, 'thirteen years of wind and sand and frost,' traversing 'ten thousand two thousand li of cities and mountains,' finally crossing the Silk Road of ten thousand li... Their success stemmed from the persistent, long-term efforts of the belief genes deeply rooted in their hearts. Under the heavy pressure of the iron heel of Japanese militarism, the Chinese people did not choose to grovel and survive ignominiously in the dark days, but fought unyieldingly for a bright prospect. The Chinese communists, with Comrade Mao Zedong as the main representative, with a firm belief in victory and outstanding wisdom, scientifically foresaw that the war would go through three stages: strategic defense, strategic stalemate, and strategic counteroffensive[30]30 The three-stage theory of protracted war (strategic defense, strategic stalemate, strategic counteroffensive) was proposed by Mao Zedong in his 1938 work "On Protracted War.", leading the Chinese soldiers and civilians in a long and tenacious resistance, gradually accumulating partial advantages, which superimposed and converged into an overall advantage, enabling the Chinese people and the Chinese nation to change from passivity to initiative strategically, ultimately turning inferiority into superiority, defeating the ferocious Japanese militarist invaders, and achieving the final victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance.

百折不挠、坚忍不拔的必胜信念，是为实现国家繁荣富强而不懈奋斗的恒久动力。中华民族自古就不乏目光高远的有识之士和铁肩担当的栋梁之材。大禹治水“三过家门而不入”，以十三载栉风沐雨凿通九川；愚公移山“子子孙孙无穷匮也”，以世代接力叩石垦壤撼动山岳；张骞持节出使西域，“风沙霜雪十三年”，历经“城郭山川万二千”终穿越万里丝路……他们的成功，源于深植心底的信念基因绵绵用力、久久为功。在日本军国主义铁蹄蹂躏的重压之下，中国人民没有选择在暗无天日中卑躬屈膝、苟且偷生，而是以不屈不挠的抗争去争取光明的前景。以毛泽东同志为主要代表的中国共产党人，以必胜信念和卓绝智慧，科学预见战争将历经战略防御、战略相持、战略反攻三个阶段，引领中国军民长期顽强抗战，一步步积累局部优势，叠加聚变为全局胜势，使中国人民和中华民族在战略上从被动转为主动，最终实现化劣为优、以弱胜强、反败为胜，打败了穷凶极恶的日本军国主义侵略者，取得中国人民抗日战争最后胜利。

Deeply Grasp the Era Value of the Great Spirit of the War of Resistance

深入把握伟大抗战精神的时代价值

In modern China, with long nights of sorrow, the Chinese nation faced 'changes unseen in several thousand years'[31]31 "Changes unseen in several thousand years" (数千年未有之大变局) echoes the late Qing concept of a profound historical crisis, distinct from the current "changes unseen in a century" (百年未有之大变局).. Today's China, cleaving through wind and waves, shows an unprecedentedly bright prospect for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. From deep crisis to great rejuvenation, the Chinese nation has waged many arduous and extraordinary great struggles, among which the historical turning point is the victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the first complete victory in China's resistance to foreign invasion since modern times. The great spirit of the War of Resistance is a spiritual monument standing at this historical turning point, its brilliant light guiding us to temper our national bloodiness, survive national disasters, and write national glory.

近代中国，长夜悲歌，中华民族面临“数千年未有之大变局”。当今中国，长风破浪，中华民族伟大复兴展现出前所未有的光明前景。从陷入深重危机到走向伟大复兴，中华民族进行了许多艰苦卓绝的伟大斗争，其中的历史转折点是中国人民抗日战争的胜利，这是近代以来中国反抗外敌入侵的第一次完全胜利。伟大抗战精神，是矗立在这一历史转折点的精神丰碑，它所放射出的耀眼光芒，指引着我们淬砺民族血性、度尽民族劫难、书写民族荣光。

The great spirit of the War of Resistance is a towering spiritual monument that our Party led and forged in arduous and extraordinary struggles. The Communist Party of China was the national vanguard in winning the victory of the War of Resistance and the leading force in cultivating and promoting the great spirit of the War of Resistance. After modern times, an important reason for the failure of the Chinese people's successive anti-aggression wars was the corruption and incompetence of the ruling class and the weakness and disunity within the nation. From the day it was born, our Party has undertaken the lofty mission of uniting and leading the Chinese people to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, vigorously eliminating negative spiritual factors in the national body, and striving to awaken and stimulate positive spiritual factors, especially during the War of Resistance, with the spirit of being the most resolute in defending national independence, the most determined in safeguarding national interests, and the bravest in resisting foreign aggression, driving the whole nation to forge the great spirit of the War of Resistance. Our Party was the first to hold high the banner of total national resistance, actively advocated the establishment of the Anti-Japanese National United Front, proposed and implemented the general line of total resistance, the general policy of protracted war, the strategy and tactics of guerrilla warfare, created anti-Japanese democratic base areas, opened up vast enemy rear battlefield areas, always insisted on resistance, opposed surrender, insisted on unity, opposed division, insisted on progress, opposed retrogression, becoming the mainstay of the entire nation's War of Resistance and the main cultivator and model practitioner of the great spirit of the War of Resistance. Under the guidance, inspiration, and encouragement of the great spirit of the War of Resistance, more and more outstanding sons and daughters of China joined the Party organization and the anti-Japanese ranks, making outstanding contributions to the final victory of the War of Resistance.

伟大抗战精神是我们党在艰苦卓绝斗争中领导铸就的巍巍精神丰碑。中国共产党是夺取抗日战争胜利的民族先锋，是培塑和弘扬伟大抗战精神的主导力量。近代以后，中国人民历次反侵略战争失败的一个重要原因，是统治集团的腐朽无能和民族内部的软弱涣散。我们党从诞生那一天起，就担负起团结带领中国人民实现中华民族伟大复兴的崇高使命，大力清除民族肌体中的消极精神因素，努力唤醒和激发积极精神因素，特别是在抗战中，以捍卫民族独立最坚定、维护民族利益最坚决、反抗外来侵略最勇敢的精神风貌，带动全民族铸就了伟大抗战精神。我们党率先高举全民族抗战旗帜，积极倡导建立抗日民族统一战线，提出和实行全面抗战路线、持久战战略总方针、游击战争的战略战术，创建抗日民主根据地，开辟广大敌后战场，始终坚持抗战、反对投降，坚持团结、反对分裂，坚持进步、反对倒退，成为全民族抗战的中流砥柱，也成为伟大抗战精神的主要培育者和模范践行者。在伟大抗战精神的引领、感召和激励下，越来越多优秀的中华儿女加入党的组织和抗战队伍，为抗战的最终胜利作出卓越贡献。

The great spirit of the War of Resistance is a powerful spiritual pillar forged by the Chinese people in their tenacious struggles since modern times. The War of Resistance is called 'a wonder in the history of war, a heroic feat of the Chinese nation, and a great cause that shook heaven and earth,' not only because it wrote a page full of vicissitudes in the history of the Chinese people's struggle for national independence and people's liberation since modern times, but also because it wrote a memorable spiritual epic in the historical development of the Chinese nation. 'When the Yellow River passes through Tongguan, because of the resistance of Taihua Mountain, the force of the water increases its surging ferocity. When the wind swirls around the Three Gorges, because of the obstruction of Wushan Mountain, the power of the wind increases its roar.'[32]32 A classical literary allusion describing how obstacles intensify power; the source is likely a Ming dynasty essay or poem. The conditions of the seemingly desperate era often become the 'grindstone' for tempering the great spirit. Japan's reckless act of 'staking the nation's fortune' and 'fighting small against big,' and the Japanese army's killing spirit of 'praying for death in battle' and 'not returning alive,' while pushing the Chinese people to the most dangerous situation of 'the building about to collapse' and 'the wave about to fall,' also forced Chinese soldiers and civilians to forge the great spirit of the War of Resistance. The Chinese people united in hatred against the enemy, shared national calamity, with iron bones and unflinching spirit, composing a magnificent song of national salvation. One after another, heroic sons and daughters, group after group of heroic collectives, unafraid of brutality, sacrificing for the country, truly as the ancient poem says: 'Truly brave and martial, finally strong and unyielding. Though the body dies, the spirit lives on; the soul is firm, and becomes a hero among ghosts.'[33]33 From Qu Yuan's "The State Sacrifice" (Guo Shang), a poem eulogizing fallen warriors. In the face of such resolute and solemn heroic spirit, no matter how arrogant the enemy, they will be defeated; no matter how vicious the foe, they will be annihilated!

伟大抗战精神是中国人民近代以来顽强抗争砺炼的强大精神支柱。抗日战争之所以被称为“战争史上的奇观，中华民族的壮举，惊天动地的伟业”，不仅在于它写下了中国人民近代以来争取民族独立、人民解放史册上饱经沧桑的一页，还在于它写下了中华民族历史发展进程中可歌可泣的精神史诗。“河出潼关，因有太华抵抗，而水力益增其奔猛。风回三峡，因有巫山为隔，而风力益增其怒号。”看似绝境的时代条件，往往成为砥砺伟大精神的“磨刀石”。日本“国运相赌”“以小搏大”的猖狂之举、日军“祈战死”“勿生还”的杀伐之气，在把中国人民逼到“大厦将倾”“狂澜既倒”的最危险境地的同时，也迫使中国军民铸就了伟大抗战精神。中国人民同仇敌忾、共赴国难，铁骨铮铮、视死如归，奏响了气壮山河的救亡之歌。一位又一位英雄儿女、一批又一批英雄群体，不畏强暴、以身殉国，正所谓“诚既勇兮又以武，终刚强兮不可凌。身既死兮神以灵，魂魄毅兮为鬼雄”。在这样刚毅壮烈的英雄之气面前，再狂妄的敌人也会被打倒，再凶狠的敌寇也会被歼灭！

The great spirit of the War of Resistance is a distinct spiritual symbol of the Chinese nation's rebirth through overcoming hardships and challenges. The great spirit of the War of Resistance is the concrete embodiment of the great national spirit during the War of Resistance; the great national spirit is the strong foundation and profound foundation of the great spirit of the War of Resistance. The Chinese nation is a great peace-loving, hardworking, brave, and self-reliant nation. The Chinese people are a people with great creative spirit, great fighting spirit, great unity spirit, and great dream spirit. The great spirit of the War of Resistance enriched, condensed, and sublimated the great national spirit. Since ancient times, the bloodline of the Chinese nation has passed on the spiritual genes of bravery and self-reliance, as seen in legends such as Pangu creating the world, Kuafu chasing the sun, Nuwa mending the sky, and Jingwei filling the sea[34]34 Four figures from Chinese mythology: Pangu (creator of the world), Kuafu (giant who chased the sun), Nuwa (goddess who mended the sky), and Jingwei (bird that tries to fill the sea) – all symbolizing perseverance and sacrifice., and in the deeds of heroes with lofty aspirations in history. However, the severe shackles of long-term feudal indoctrination and the deep-rooted maladies of the patriarchal system gradually turned these spiritual genes from dominant to recessive. The Eastern lion became a sleeping lion, suffering severely and scarred in the 'changes unseen in several thousand years.' The great spirit of the War of Resistance reversed the originally recessive spiritual genes of bravery and self-reliance back to dominant, cleansing the spiritual accumulated weaknesses and pessimistic gloom of repeated defeats since modern times with great power. The Chinese nation achieved phoenix nirvana and rebirth from the spirit[35]35 "Phoenix nirvana" (凤凰涅槃) is a modern Chinese idiom meaning rebirth after ordeal..

伟大抗战精神是中华民族在战胜磨难挑战中浴火重生的鲜明精神标识。伟大抗战精神是伟大民族精神在抗战中的具体体现，伟大民族精神是伟大抗战精神的强大依托和深厚底蕴。中华民族是爱好和平、勤劳勇敢、自强不息的伟大民族，中国人民是具有伟大创造精神、伟大奋斗精神、伟大团结精神、伟大梦想精神的人民。伟大抗战精神，丰富、凝练和升华了伟大民族精神。自古以来，中华民族的血脉里就传承着勇敢和自强的精神基因，盘古开天、夸父追日、女娲补天、精卫填海等传说张扬着这种精神，历史上慷慨悲歌、侠肝义胆之士的壮举印证着这种精神。然而，长期封建奴化教育的严重桎梏和宗法制度的沉疴痼疾，使这种精神基因渐渐由显性转为隐性，东方雄狮成为睡狮，在“数千年未有之大变局”中饱受摧残、伤痕累累。伟大抗战精神，将我们民族原本就有的勇敢和自强的精神基因由隐性逆转为显性，以强大伟力荡涤近代以后屡战屡败的精神积弊和悲观阴霾，中华民族从精神上实现了凤凰涅槃、浴火重生。

Vigorously Carry Forward the Great Spirit of the War of Resistance on the New Journey of Building a Strong Country and National Rejuvenation

在强国建设、民族复兴新征程上大力弘扬伟大抗战精神

Realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation requires both strong strength guarantees and strong spiritual support. The great spirit of the War of Resistance manifests the character in the bones and the genes in the blood of the Chinese nation, and is a powerful driving force for building a strong country and national rejuvenation. We must embody the carrying forward of the great spirit of the War of Resistance in all fields and the entire process of comprehensively advancing the great cause of building a strong country and national rejuvenation through Chinese-path modernization, overcome all difficulties and obstacles on the new journey, and unswervingly open up new horizons and create new miracles.

实现中华民族伟大复兴，既需要强大的实力保障，也需要强大的精神支撑。伟大抗战精神彰显着中华民族骨子里的性格、血脉里的基因，是强国建设、民族复兴的强劲动力。我们必须把弘扬伟大抗战精神体现在以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业的各领域、全过程，战胜新征程上的一切艰难险阻，坚定不移开辟新天地、创造新奇迹。

Transform the great spirit of the War of Resistance into strategic initiative to overcome risks and challenges. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "Whether a country can become prosperous and strong, and whether a nation can become revitalized, the most important thing is to see whether this country and this nation can follow the trend of the times and grasp the initiative in historical progress." The patriotic sentiment, national integrity, heroic spirit, and belief in victory contained in the great spirit of the War of Resistance demonstrate the historical and strategic initiative of the Party and the people to firmly grasp the fate of China's development and progress in their own hands. The history of the War of Resistance tells us that in the face of major risks and powerful opponents, only by actively engaging and fighting resolutely can there be a way out, and only then can we win dignity and achieve development. On the new journey, we must deeply study, thoroughly understand, and sincerely practice Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, especially General Secretary Xi Jinping's important discussions on great struggle, thoroughly understand and master the strategic judgments, strategic layouts, and strategic choices made by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core to grasp the initiative in China's future development, and implement them in practice, grasping the initiative and winning the future in the trend of the times. Adhere to placing the country's and the nation's development on its own foundation of strength, continuously strengthen and enlarge ourselves, strive to forge an indestructible body that remains as stable as Mount Tai no matter how the international situation changes, always survive and develop with vigor, and firmly grasp the development initiative in the hands of the Party and the people ourselves.

把伟大抗战精神转化为战胜风险挑战的战略主动。习近平总书记指出：“一个国家能不能富强，一个民族能不能振兴，最重要的就是看这个国家、这个民族能不能顺应时代潮流，掌握历史前进的主动权。”伟大抗战精神所蕴含的爱国情怀、民族气节、英雄气概、必胜信念，彰显了党和人民把中国发展进步的命运牢牢掌握在自己手中的历史主动和战略主动。抗战史告诉我们，在重大风险、强大对手面前，唯有主动迎战、坚决斗争才有生路出路，才能赢得尊严、求得发展。新征程上，我们要深学细悟笃行习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想特别是习近平总书记关于伟大斗争的重要论述，透彻理解掌握以习近平同志为核心的党中央为把握我国未来发展主动权所作出的战略判断、战略布局和战略抉择，并将其贯彻到实践中去，在时代前进的潮流中把握主动、赢得未来。坚持把国家和民族发展放在自己力量的基点上，不断做大做强自己，努力炼就任由国际风云变幻、我自稳如泰山的金刚不坏之身，始终生机勃勃地生存和发展下去，把发展主动权牢牢掌握在党和人民自己手中。

Transform the great spirit of the War of Resistance into extraordinary courage to overcome risks and challenges. The national integrity of facing death unflinchingly and preferring death to surrender, and the heroic spirit of not fearing brutality and fighting to the death, contained in the great spirit of the War of Resistance, are a clear manifestation of our national bloodiness and courage. On the new journey of advancing the great cause of building a strong country and national rejuvenation, we must spread the national bloodiness that regards death as going home and is determined to die, so that the great spirit of the War of Resistance can be greatly developed. To comprehensively build a modern socialist country, we must demonstrate national bloodiness and courage: no matter how powerful the enemy, how dangerous the road, how severe the challenge, we must never fear or retreat, and be brave to race through rapids and sail far in the 'Three Gorges of History'[36]36 "Three Gorges of History" (历史的三峡) is a metaphor coined by historian Tang Degong for a period of turbulent transition in modern Chinese history.. To comprehensively deepen reform, we must strive to break through ideological and conceptual obstacles, break through the barriers of solidified interests, and overcome the stubborn diseases of institutions and mechanisms. To comprehensively govern the country according to law, we must shoulder the scales of fairness, hold the sword of justice, and dare to fight against acts that 'break, bend, and override the law' with power, bravely correct unjust and wrongful cases according to law, and strive to make the people feel fairness and justice. To govern the Party comprehensively and strictly, we must fight against corruption with zero tolerance, the determination to use strong medicine to cure the disease, the courage to scrape the poison off the bone, and the severity of punishment, without stopping for a moment, without retreating half a step, and resolutely fight the battle against corruption as a tough, protracted, and comprehensive war.

把伟大抗战精神转化为战胜风险挑战的非凡勇气。伟大抗战精神内蕴的视死如归、宁死不屈的民族气节，不畏强暴、血战到底的英雄气概，是我们民族血性和勇气的鲜明体现。新征程上推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业，必须把舍生忘死、向死而生的民族血性张扬出来，使伟大抗战精神得以光大发扬。全面建设社会主义现代化国家，要彰显民族血性和勇气，无论敌人如何强大、道路如何艰险、挑战如何严峻，始终绝不畏惧、绝不退缩，勇于在“历史的三峡”中险滩竞渡、扬帆远航。全面深化改革，要努力冲破思想观念障碍、突破利益固化藩篱、攻克体制机制的顽瘴痼疾。全面依法治国，要肩扛公正天平，手持正义之剑，敢于同以权“犯法、代法、压法”的行径作斗争，依法勇纠冤错案件，努力让人民群众感受到公平正义。全面从严治党，要以零容忍的态度、猛药去疴的决心、刮骨疗毒的勇气、严厉惩处的尺度铁腕反腐，一步不停歇、半步不退让，坚决打好反腐败斗争攻坚战持久战总体战。

Transform the great spirit of the War of Resistance into strong stability to overcome risks and challenges. The unyielding and tenacious belief in victory contained in the great spirit of the War of Resistance fully demonstrates the powerful strategic stability of the Chinese nation. On the new journey of building a strong country and national rejuvenation, we not only need to face the 'ambush on all sides' formed by hostile forces' containment and encirclement, but also need to identify the enemy's 'feint' and discern the real cards in their hands; we need both the dauntless spirit of not bending even when Mount Tai presses down, and the spiritual foundation of always 'biting the green mountain'[37]37 "Biting the green mountain" (咬定青山) is from a poem by Zheng Banqiao (Qing dynasty), symbolizing unyielding resolve. in the face of 'winds from all directions'; we need both the mission to always serve as the mainstay in major tests concerning the survival of the Party and the country and the success or failure of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and the firm will not to be shaken by the gains or losses of the moment or by partial and temporary difficulties. Facing the condescending preaching of 'self-appointed teachers' and the 'barrage' of bullying acts, we must be able to withstand pressure, stabilize our mind, have the calm confidence that 'the sky will not fall,' the firm attitude of 'do not want to fight, but are not afraid to fight,' the strong confidence of 'see it through to the end,' and even more the strategic wisdom that 'time and situation are on our side,' anchor on the central task of comprehensively advancing the great cause of building a strong country and national rejuvenation through Chinese-path modernization, unswervingly do our own things well, continuously enhance comprehensive national power, and constantly open up new prospects for the development of our cause.

把伟大抗战精神转化为战胜风险挑战的强大定力。伟大抗战精神内蕴的百折不挠、坚忍不拔的必胜信念，充分彰显了中华民族的强大战略定力。在强国建设、民族复兴的新征程上，我们不仅需要直面敌对势力遏制围堵形成的“十面埋伏”，还需要辨明敌人的“虚晃一枪”、洞察其手中的真实底牌；既需要有泰山压顶不弯腰的大无畏气概，又需要有面临“八面来风”始终“咬定青山”的精神根基；既需要有在关系党和国家生死存亡、中国特色社会主义兴衰成败的重大考验面前始终作为中流砥柱的使命担当，又需要有不拘泥于一时一事得失、不为局部和暂时困难动摇和折服的坚定毅力。面对“教师爷”般颐指气使的说教、“狂轰滥炸”式的霸凌行径，要能抗得住压力、稳得住心神，有“天塌不下来”的自信从容，有“不愿打，但也不怕打”的坚定态度，有“奉陪到底”的强大底气，更要有“时与势在我们这边”的战略睿智，锚定以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业这个中心任务，坚定不移办好自己的事，持续提升综合国力，不断打开事业发展新局面。

Looking back at the road we have traveled, the smoke of the War of Resistance is already distant; looking forward, the light of the great spirit of the War of Resistance shines like a torch. At the important historical node of the 80th anniversary, commemorating the great victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance means inheriting and carrying forward the great spirit of the War of Resistance in the New Era, using the light of the spirit to illuminate the great journey of building a strong country and national rejuvenation, winning new victories in the great struggle with many new historical features, writing a magnificent new chapter in the historical great cause, and presenting an excellent answer worthy of the times, the people, and the ancestors!

回望来路，抗战的硝烟已经远去；瞻望前方，伟大抗战精神光芒如炬。在80周年的重要历史节点上，纪念中国人民抗日战争的伟大胜利，就是要在新时代继承和弘扬伟大抗战精神，以精神之光照亮强国建设、民族复兴伟大征程，夺取具有许多新的历史特点的伟大斗争新胜利，书写历史伟业的壮丽新篇章，交出无愧于时代、无愧于人民、无愧于先辈的优异答卷！

(The author is a researcher at the Research Center for Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, National Defense University)

（作者为国防大学习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究中心研究员）

Online Editor: Tongxin

网络编辑：同心