The Exploration Process and Significance of the CPC’s Adherence to Combining Political Work with Economic Work

Political work and economic work, as the two most important social governance practices in human society, their organic combination is conducive to promoting the healthy development of social, political, economic, cultural and other undertakings. The CPC has always attached importance to the issue of combining political work with economic work. In various periods of the Party, it has consistently combined political work with economic work, ensuring the great victory of the New Democratic Revolution, realizing the two miracles of rapid economic development and long-term social stability, and leaving behind valuable historical experience.

政治工作与经济工作作为人类社会最重要的两种社会治理实践活动，二者有机结合有利于促进社会政治经济文化等各项事业健康发展。中国共产党一贯重视政治工作与经济工作的结合问题，在党的各个时期一直把政治工作与经济工作相结合，确保了新民主主义革命的伟大胜利，实现了经济快速发展和社会长期稳定两大奇迹，留下了宝贵的历史经验。

I. The Basic Connotation of the CPC’s Combination of Political Work and Economic Work

一、中国共产党政治工作与经济工作相结合的基本内涵

Political work and economic work are topics that all social governance cannot avoid. Politics in the modern sense refers to the behavior of governments, political parties, etc., in governing the state, and is the sum total of various social activities and social relations centered on state power. Political work in a broad sense refers to various activities carried out by a certain class, political party, or group to realize its program and fundamental tasks. Political work in a narrow sense refers only to ideological work, organizational work, propaganda work, etc., and is basically equivalent to the Party’s ideological and political work, with the main task of activating the human factor in the productive forces. The economy in the modern sense is the sum total of social relations of production in a given historical period, and is the foundation upon which the superstructure, such as politics and ideology, is built. Economic work refers to work carried out in the economic field, mainly activities to promote the development of productive forces and meet the material and cultural needs of human life. Economic work is the foundation of the entire society and also the foundation on which political work depends for its existence and development; political work also affects the healthy development of economic work, and the two are in a dialectical unity. After the emergence of class, state, and political party systems, in order to realize and safeguard the interests of their own class, state, and political party, they have all taken balancing the relationship between political work and economic work as their main theme. Political work and economic work have become the two most important social governance practices that human society cannot avoid.

政治工作与经济工作是一切社会治理绕不开的话题。现代意义上的政治是指政府、政党等治理国家的行为，是以国家权力为核心展开的各种社会活动和社会关系的总和。广泛意义上的政治工作是指一定的阶级、政党、团体为实现自己的纲领和根本任务而进行的各种活动，狭义的政治工作仅指思想工作、组织工作、宣传工作等，基本等同于党的思想政治工作，以激活生产力中人的要素为主要任务。现代意义上的经济是一定历史时期的社会生产关系的总和，是政治、思想意识等上层建筑赖以建立的基础。经济工作指在经济领域开展的工作，主要是促进生产力发展、满足人类物质文化生活需要的活动。经济工作是整个社会的基础，也是政治工作赖以存在和发展的基础；政治工作也影响着经济工作的健康发展，两者是辩证统一的关系。阶级、国家和政党制度产生以后，为了实现和维护本阶级、本国家、本政党的利益，他们都把平衡政治工作与经济工作的关系作为主旋律，政治工作和经济工作成为人类社会绕不开的两种最重要的社会治理实践活动。

The CPC has always focused on the combination of political work and economic work, constantly reflecting on how to balance the relationship between the two. Its understanding of the relationship between political work and economic work has undergone different development processes in different historical periods.

中国共产党始终注重政治工作与经济工作的结合，不断思考如何平衡政治工作与经济工作的关系，在不同历史时期对政治工作与经济工作关系的认识经历了不同的发展历程。

During the revolutionary war years, to adapt to the needs of the war situation and strengthen the Party’s leadership over the military, the Party put forward the concept of “political work” within its own ranks and in military construction, clearly stating that “political work is the lifeline of the Red Army” and “the revolutionary political work led by the Communist Party is the lifeline of the revolutionary army.” The “political work” referred to here actually means “ideological and political work” in the modern sense. At the same time, during its partial governance in the Soviet Areas and the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region, the Party gradually began to reflect on the relationship between political work and economic work. In 1933, Mao Zedong emphasized the necessity of paying attention to economic work and called for mobilizing the masses in economic work and immediately launching a movement on the economic front. He stressed, “We must absolutely not resort to commandism; what we need is to energetically propagate, persuade the masses, and, according to the specific environment and the specifically manifested sentiments of the masses, develop cooperatives, sell public bonds, and do all the work of economic mobilization.” He also clearly stated that “using cultural and educational work to raise the political and cultural level of the masses is also of great importance for developing the national economy.” Here, Mao Zedong raised the importance of mobilizing the masses in economic work. During the War of Resistance Against Japan, Mao Zedong pointed out: “A given culture (as an ideological form) is a reflection of the politics and economy of a given society, and in turn exerts a great influence and effect upon the politics and economy of that society; the economy is the base, and politics is the concentrated expression of the economy.” He emphasized the need to learn to do economic work and proposed that “only by adopting the method of ‘the chief taking responsibility, doing it oneself, and combining the leading cadres with the broad masses, and combining general calls with specific guidance’ can production work be effectively promoted,” further discussing the methods and means of political mobilization in economic work. During the War of Liberation, Mao Zedong clearly stated that the led must be given material benefits while also receiving political education, elucidating the equal importance of economic work and political work. By correctly handling the relationship between political work and economic work, the Party paid attention to the material interests of the masses while carrying out political mobilization among them, winning widespread support from the people, who became the strong backing for the victory of the revolution.

革命战争年代，为了适应战争形势的需要、加强党对军队的领导，党在自身和军队建设中提出了“政治工作”的概念，明确“政治工作是红军的生命线”“共产党领导的革命的政治工作是革命军队的生命线”，这里所讲的“政治工作”实际上是指现代意义上的“思想政治工作”。与此同时，党在苏区和陕甘宁边区局部执政过程中逐步开始思考政治工作与经济工作的关系，1933年毛泽东强调必须注意经济工作，并号召在经济工作中要动员群众、立即开展经济战线上的运动，强调“我们一定不能要命令主义，我们要的是努力宣传，说服群众，按照具体的环境、具体地表现出来的群众情绪，去发展合作社，去推销公债，去做一切经济动员的工作”，他还明确提出“用文化教育工作提高群众的政治和文化的水平，这对于发展国民经济同样有极大的重要性”，这里毛泽东提出了经济工作中动员群众的重要性。抗日战争时期，毛泽东指出：“一定的文化（当作观念形态的文化）是一定社会的政治和经济的反映，又给予伟大影响和作用于一定社会的政治和经济；而经济是基础，政治则是经济的集中的表现。”他强调必须学会做经济工作，并提出“首长负责，自己动手，实行领导骨干和广大群众相结合、一般号召和具体指导相结合的办法，才能有效地推进生产工作”，进一步论述了经济工作中政治动员的方式方法问题。解放战争时期，毛泽东明确提出必须对被领导者给以物质福利，同时对被领导者给以政治教育，阐明了经济工作与政治工作的同等重要性。党正确处理政治工作与经济工作的关系，在对群众开展政治动员的同时关注他们的物质利益，赢得了人民的广泛支持，人民群众成为革命取得胜利的坚强后盾。

After the founding of New China, the CPC became the ruling party. Both the economic base and the superstructure underwent revolutionary changes, and the task of socialist construction was transformed into the main task. The Party’s understanding of the relationship between political work and economic work was further elevated. In 1955, Mao Zedong clearly put forward the scientific thesis that “political work is the lifeline of all economic work” and the view that political work “must be carried out in conjunction with economic work, and cannot be done in isolation.” In 1958, when discussing the relationship between being red and expert, and between politics and professional work, he further emphasized the unity of political work and economic work, stressing that “ideological and political work is the guarantee for the completion of economic and technical work, and it serves the economic base. Ideology and politics are the commander, the soul. As soon as our ideological and political work relaxes even slightly, economic and technical work will inevitably go astray.” Here, “political work” generally refers to the political education work for the masses, and “economic work” refers to activities carried out to develop the economy.

新中国成立后，中国共产党成为执政党，经济基础与上层建筑均发生了革命性变革，社会主义建设事业转化为主要任务，党对政治工作与经济工作关系的认识得到进一步升华。1955年，毛泽东明确提出了“政治工作是一切经济工作的生命线”的科学论断和政治工作“是要结合着经济工作一道去做的，不能孤立地去做”的观点。1958年，他在讲到红与专、政治与业务关系时进一步强调了政治工作与经济工作的统一问题，强调“思想工作和政治工作，是完成经济工作和技术工作的保证，它们是为经济基础服务的。思想和政治又是统帅，是灵魂。只要我们的思想工作和政治工作稍为一放松，经济工作和技术工作就一定会走到邪路上去”，这里“政治工作”泛指对人民群众的政治教育工作，“经济工作”即为发展经济而开展的活动。

During the period of reform and opening up, Deng Xiaoping repeatedly emphasized that taking economic construction as the central task does not mean abandoning political work. As early as October 1979, Deng Xiaoping stated: “Political work must be implemented in the economy, and political issues must be resolved from an economic perspective.” He later clearly proposed that “after the focus of work has shifted to economic construction, the entire Party must study how to adapt to the new conditions, strengthen the Party’s ideological work, and prevent the tendency of burying oneself in economic work while neglecting ideological work.” Jiang Zemin clearly stated that political work “is the lifeline of economic work and all other work,” and explicitly emphasized that “we must prevent and correct the ‘two skins’ phenomenon of ideological and political work being divorced from economic work, and must closely integrate it with economic work and various professional tasks.” He also emphasized the guarantee role of political work for economic work: “Economic development requires a strong political guarantee and sufficient political conditions; otherwise, economic construction cannot be done well. There is politics in economic work and in all other professional tasks.” Hu Jintao clearly stated that “ideological and political work must be combined with economic work and various professional tasks.” He specifically discussed the mutually reinforcing relationship between solving practical problems and ideological and political work: “We must adhere to combining solving practical problems with doing ideological and political work, both improving the effectiveness of ideological and political work by solving practical problems, and reducing the difficulty of solving practical problems by strengthening ideological and political work.” These discussions further deepened the Party’s understanding of the relationship between political work and economic work, providing basic guidelines for our Party in handling the relationship between political work and economic work during the period of reform and opening up. Since the New Era, General Secretary Xi Jinping has attached great importance to the importance of combining political work with economic work, putting forward important views such as the ruling party “must effectively strengthen the Party’s leadership over economic work and solidly do a good job in economic work.”

改革开放时期，邓小平反复强调以经济建设为中心不等于不要政治工作，早在1979年10月，邓小平就讲到：“政治工作要落实到经济上面，政治问题要从经济的角度来解决。”他后来还明确提出“在工作重心转到经济建设以后，全党要研究如何适应新的条件，加强党的思想工作，防止埋头经济工作、忽视思想工作的倾向”。江泽民明确提出政治工作“是经济工作和其他一切工作的生命线”，明确强调“要防止和纠正思想政治工作与经济工作脱节的‘两张皮’现象，一定要紧密结合经济工作和各项业务工作一道去做”。他还强调了政治工作对经济工作的保障作用，“经济发展需要有坚强的政治保证和充分的政治条件，否则经济建设也搞不好。经济工作和其他各项业务工作中都有政治。”胡锦涛明确提出“要把思想政治工作同经济工作和各项业务工作结合起来”，他专门论述了解决实际问题与思想政治工作的互相促进关系：“要坚持解决实际问题和做好思想政治工作相结合，既通过解决实际问题提高思想政治工作成效，又通过加强思想政治工作减少解决实际问题的难度。”这些论述进一步深化了党对政治工作与经济工作关系的认识，为改革开放时期我们党处理政治工作与经济工作的关系提供了基本遵循。新时代以来，习近平总书记非常重视政治工作与经济工作相结合的重要性，提出了执政党“必须切实加强党对经济工作的领导，扎扎实实做好经济工作”等重要观点。

In summary, the Party’s formulations of political work and economic work have varied across different historical periods, but overall, the “political work” emphasized by the Party mainly refers to the Party’s ideological and political work, which falls within the categories of relations of production and superstructure. It performs functions such as political identification, social mobilization, and spiritual construction, encompassing areas like ideological work, political work, and mass work, and focuses on solving problems of cultural-ethical progress, while also containing elements of material civilization. Its relationship with economic work is not one of leadership or guidance, but of service and guarantee—that is, political work serves economic work, concretely manifested in ensuring the socialist nature and direction of economic work, providing spiritual impetus for economic development, and fostering a harmonious social environment. The Party’s concept of “economic work” is relatively clear, mainly referring to work centered on resolving the economic base and developing productive forces, with a focus on meeting the material needs of the people and building material civilization. At the same time, it also contains elements of political work; the Party’s economic work itself can become an effective carrier for political work, the development of economic work can provide strong material guarantees for carrying out political work, and the achievements of economic work help consolidate the foundation of political work. The “Resolution on Certain Historical Issues of the Party since the Founding of the People’s Republic of China” [1]1 A landmark document adopted at the Sixth Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee in 1981, which systematically evaluated Mao Zedong’s historical role and the Party’s history since 1949, affirming the necessity of ideological and political work. fully affirmed the Party’s “important ideas of long-term significance,” such as “ideological and political work is the lifeline of economic work and all other work, and the policy of achieving unity between politics and economics, unity between politics and technology, and being both red and expert.” [2]2 “Both red and expert” (又红又专) was a Mao-era slogan calling for political reliability (redness) combined with professional competence (expertise). In the New Era, our Party has once again emphasized that “ideological and political work is the Party’s fine tradition, distinctive feature, and prominent political advantage, and is the lifeline of all work.” [3]3 This formulation appears in the “Opinions on Strengthening and Improving Ideological and Political Work in the New Era,” issued by the CPC Central Committee in 2021. The “all work” mentioned here naturally includes “economic work,” reflecting both the Party’s consistent basic concept of handling the relationship between political work and economic work and the further sublimation of the Party’s theoretical understanding of this relationship after assuming power. As two main activities of social governance, the Party’s political work can only advance the socialist construction cause onto a track of healthy development when combined with economic work.

综上，不同历史时期党对政治工作和经济工作的表述有所不同，但总体而言，党强调的“政治工作”主要是指党的思想政治工作，属于生产关系、上层建筑范畴，具有政治认同、社会动员、精神构建等功能，涵盖了思想工作、政治工作、群众工作等领域，着力于解决精神文明问题，但也蕴含着物质文明元素，它与经济工作的关系不是领导和指导关系，而是服务和保证关系，即政治工作为经济工作服务，具体体现在保证经济工作的社会主义性质和方向、为经济发展提供精神动力和营造和谐的社会环境等方面。党提到“经济工作”的概念相对比较明确，主要是指围绕解决经济基础、发展生产力而开展的工作，重点满足人民群众的物质需要，着力于打造物质文明，但同时也蕴含着政治工作元素，党的经济工作本身可以成为政治工作的有效载体，经济工作的发展可以为开展政治工作提供有力的物质保障，经济工作的成就有利于夯实政治工作的基础。《关于建国以来党的若干历史问题的决议》充分肯定了党“关于思想政治工作是经济工作和其他一切工作的生命线，要实行政治和经济的统一、政治和技术的统一、又红又专的方针”等“具有长远意义的重要思想”。新时代我们党再次强调“思想政治工作是党的优良传统、鲜明特色和突出政治优势，是一切工作的生命线”，这里讲的“一切工作”当然包括“经济工作”，既体现了党一贯重视政治工作与经济工作关系处理的基本理念，又体现了党执政后对政治工作与经济工作关系理论认识的进一步升华。作为社会治理的两种主要活动，党的政治工作只有与经济工作相结合，才能推进社会主义建设事业走上健康发展的轨道。

II. The Practical Course of Combining Political Work with Economic Work before the 18th National Congress of the CPC

二、党的十八大前关于政治工作与经济工作相结合的实践历程

From the founding of the CPC to before the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party consistently implemented the concept of combining political work with economic work while leading the people in revolution and construction. It put forward views such as the principle of material interests in political education, that political work must be “carried out in conjunction with economic work,” “grasping with both hands, both hands must be firm,” and “the Party’s ideological and political work is the lifeline of economic work and all other work.” By using ideological and political work to organize, lead, and educate the people within socio-economic activities, it raised the people’s ideological and political consciousness, ensured the great victory of the New Democratic Revolution, and laid a solid economic foundation for socialist modernization.

从中国共产党成立到党的十八大以前，党在领导人民群众进行革命和建设过程中始终贯彻政治工作与经济工作相结合的理念，提出了政治教育物质利益原则、政治工作要“结合着经济工作一道去做”“两手抓、两手都要硬”“党的思想政治工作，是经济工作和其他一切工作的生命线”等观点，通过在社会经济活动中利用思想政治工作组织、领导、教育人民，提升了人民的思想政治觉悟，确保了新民主主义革命的伟大胜利，为社会主义现代化建设奠定了坚实的经济基础。

(I) During the New Democratic Revolution period, the Party adhered to the principle of material interests in political work, maximizing the unity and education of people from all walks of life while overcoming economic difficulties.

（一）新民主主义革命时期，党在政治工作中坚持物质利益原则，在克服经济困难的同时最大限度地团结教育了各界群众

Only by serving and obeying the Party’s central work can ideological and political work realize its functions of political identification, political mobilization, and spiritual construction. During the New Democratic Revolution period, the main task of the Party’s ideological and political work was to mobilize the masses around the New Democratic Revolution. The Party insisted on the organic combination of political work and economic work. By organizing, leading, and educating the people in economic activities, it increased their material welfare while raising their political consciousness, greatly mobilizing the people’s enthusiasm and initiative in participating in the revolution.

思想政治工作只有服从和服务于党的中心工作，才能实现其政治认同、政治动员和精神构建等功能。新民主主义革命时期，党的思想政治工作的主要任务就是要围绕新民主主义革命动员人民群众，党坚持政治工作与经济工作的有机结合，通过在经济活动中组织、领导、教育人民，在增加他们物质福利的同时提高其政治觉悟，极大地调动了人民群众参与革命的积极性和主动性。

During the Agrarian Revolutionary War period, class contradiction was the principal contradiction in Chinese society. To enlighten the political consciousness of workers and peasants and mobilize their enthusiasm for participating in the revolution, the Party implemented the land policy of “land to the tiller,” focusing on solving the land issue most concerning to the peasants, and while paying attention to the interests and lives of the masses, it enlightened their class consciousness. As early as in the Jiangxi Soviet Area, Mao Zedong proposed that for the Party’s political appeals to win the support of the masses, “it is necessary to be with the masses, to arouse their enthusiasm, to care about their hardships, to sincerely seek benefits for them, and to solve their problems of production and livelihood.” [4]4 Mao Zedong, “Be Concerned with the Well-Being of the Masses, Pay Attention to Methods of Work” (1934). He demanded attention to methods of educating the masses in specific economic and other work closely related to their interests, stating: “In all work, such as land investigation, economic construction, cultural and educational work, and work in new and border areas, if tasks are merely set forth without attention to work methods at the time of implementation, without opposing bureaucratic work methods and adopting practical and concrete methods, without discarding commandist work methods and adopting patient persuasion methods, then no task can be accomplished.” [5]5 Ibid. While uniting and leading the masses to strive for material benefits in the areas under its leadership, the Party enlightened the class consciousness of the masses, initially exploring the art of “governing the country and securing the people” through combining political work with economic work.

土地革命战争时期，阶级矛盾是我国社会的主要矛盾，为启发工农政治觉悟、调动工农参加革命的积极性，党践行了“耕者有其田”的土地政策，着力解决农民最关心的土地问题，并在关注群众利益、关心群众生活的同时启发群众的阶级觉悟。早在江西苏区，毛泽东就提出党的政治号召要得到群众的拥护“就得和群众在一起，就得去发动群众的积极性，就得关心群众的痛痒，就得真心实意地为群众谋利益，解决群众的生产和生活的问题”。他要求在具体的与群众利益密切关联的经济等工作中要注意对群众的教育方法问题，提出：“其他如查田工作、经济建设工作、文化教育工作、新区边区的工作，一切工作，如果仅仅提出任务而不注意实行时候的工作方法，不反对官僚主义的工作方法而采取实际的具体的工作方法，不抛弃命令主义的工作方法而采取耐心说服的工作方法，那末，什么任务也是不能实现的。”党在领导的区域内团结带领人民群众争取物质利益的同时启发了群众的阶级觉悟，初步探索了政治工作与经济工作相结合的“治国安民”艺术。

During the War of Resistance Against Japan, national contradiction rose to become the principal contradiction in Chinese society. Uniting the consensus of the entire nation and mobilizing the people to jointly oppose Japanese imperialist aggression became the most urgent task. Regarding how to maximize the enlightenment of the people’s national consciousness and mobilize their enthusiasm for participating in the War of Resistance, Mao Zedong believed that “satisfying the immediate interests of the masses is the most persuasive, the most appealing, and the most cohesive.” [6]6 Paraphrase of Mao’s views during the Yan’an period, emphasizing the mobilizing power of addressing immediate material needs. To mobilize all positive factors to establish the Anti-Japanese National United Front, the Party changed the “land to the tiller” policy to one of reducing rent and interest. In response to peasants’ lack of understanding of this policy, the Party strengthened education on the national spirit, teaching them to link immediate interests with future interests and partial interests with the interests of the entire nation. The policy of reducing rent and interest ultimately won the common understanding of both landlords and peasants, maximizing the unity of the anti-Japanese forces. Faced with the contradiction in Party-mass relations caused by the economic difficulties in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region resulting from the Kuomintang’s anti-communist upsurge during the stalemate phase, Mao Zedong explicitly discussed the relationship between economic work and political education work: “In the two tasks, education (or study) cannot be carried out in isolation. We are not in an era of ‘learning, and emolument lies therein.’ We cannot ‘uphold righteousness and illuminate the Way’ on an empty stomach. We must find food to eat; we must pay attention to economic work. To talk about education or study apart from economic work is nothing but superfluous empty talk.” [7]7 Mao Zedong, “Economic and Financial Problems during the Anti-Japanese War” (1942). The Party mobilized the Party, government, military, civilian, and student sectors to “rely on our own efforts for ample food and clothing,” launching a vigorous large-scale production movement. Through labor competitions, rewarding labor heroes, and organizing mutual aid teams and cooperatives, it fostered a healthy social trend of honoring labor, mobilizing the enthusiasm of all sectors for production and national salvation in a short period. While increasing production efficiency and overcoming economic difficulties in the base areas, it achieved the effects of educating, mobilizing, and organizing the masses. It was precisely because the Party organically combined economic work with ideological and political work, enlightening the people’s national consciousness and satisfying their material interests, that it maximized the anti-Japanese enthusiasm, initiative, and creativity of the broad masses in the base areas, and the CPC became the mainstay in achieving victory in the War of Resistance Against Japan.

抗日战争时期，民族矛盾上升为我国社会的主要矛盾，凝聚全民族共识、调动人民群众共同反对日本帝国主义侵略成为最紧迫的任务。如何最大限度地启发民众民族觉悟、调动民众参与抗战的积极性，毛泽东认为“满足人民群众的眼前利益是最有说服力、最有号召力的，也是最有凝聚力的”。为了调动一切积极因素建立抗日民族统一战线，党变“耕者有其田”政策为减租减息政策，针对农民对该政策不理解的情况，党加强对民众的民族精神教育，教育他们把眼前利益与将来利益联系起来、把局部利益与全民族利益联系起来，减租减息政策最终赢得了地主和农民的共同理解，最大限度地团结了抗日力量。面对相持阶段国民党发动反共高潮导致陕甘宁边区经济困难引发的党群关系矛盾，毛泽东明确论述了经济工作与政治教育工作的关系：“两项工作中，教育（或学习）是不能孤立地去进行的，我们不是处在‘学也，禄在其中’的时代，我们不能饿着肚子去‘正谊明道’，我们必须弄饭吃，我们必须注意经济工作。离开经济工作而谈教育或学习，不过是多余的空话。”党动员党政军民学“自己动手，丰衣足食”，开展了轰轰烈烈的大生产运动，通过开展劳动竞赛、奖励劳动英雄和组织互助组、合作社等，形成了劳动光荣的良好社会风尚，在短期内调动了各界参与生产救国的积极性，在提高生产效率、克服根据地经济困难的同时起到了教育群众、发动群众、组织群众的效果。正是由于党把经济工作和思想政治工作有机结合，启发了民众的民族觉悟、满足了民众的物质利益，才最大限度地调动了根据地广大人民群众抗日的积极性、主动性、创造性，中国共产党才成为了抗日战争取得胜利的中流砥柱。

During the War of Liberation, class contradictions once again became the principal contradiction in Chinese society. How to mobilize the masses to participate in overthrowing the reactionary rule of the Kuomintang became an urgent issue. The Party, through carrying out ideological and political work in movements such as land reform, awakened the class consciousness of the people and guided the masses to achieve a transformation from economic struggle to political struggle. After the Kuomintang launched an all-out civil war, the Party gradually restored the land reform policy in the economic sphere. On the one hand, it actively educated peasants in class concepts, explaining the Party’s land policy to them in detail so that the land policy was deeply understood and known to all; on the other hand, by organizing the masses to “expose the roots of bitterness” and calculate accounts of exploitation, it enabled peasants to raise their awareness through practical struggle. The combination of political work and economic work awakened the class consciousness of the peasants, ignited their revolutionary fervor, and led them to participate in the land reform movement one after another. In the later period of the War of Liberation, Mao Zedong began to consider the issue of training cadres capable of undertaking the construction of New China, emphasizing that cadres must achieve the unity of leading political work and leading economic work. He proposed that the leading class and political party, in order to realize their leadership, “must provide material benefits to the led, at least not harm their interests, and at the same time provide political education to the led.” The Party permeated ideological and political work into economic work, winning broad support from the masses, who became the solid backing for the victory of the War of Liberation.

解放战争时期，阶级矛盾再次上升为我国社会的主要矛盾，如何调动人民群众参与推翻国民党反动统治的积极性成为迫切话题，党通过在土改等运动中开展思想政治工作启发民众阶级觉悟、引导群众实现了从经济斗争向政治斗争的转变。国民党发动全面内战后，党在经济领域逐步恢复了土改政策，一方面积极对农民进行阶级观念教育，向农民详细解释党的土地政策，使土地政策深入人心、人人皆知；另一方面通过组织群众“挖苦根”、算剥削帐等办法让农民在实际斗争中提高认识，政治工作与经济工作相结合唤醒了农民的阶级意识，激发了他们的革命热忱，使其纷纷参与到土改运动中来。解放战争后期，毛泽东就开始考虑培养能够担当新中国建设事业的干部问题，强调干部要实现领导政治工作与领导经济工作相统一，提出领导的阶级和政党要实现自己的领导，“必须对被领导者给以物质福利，至少不损害其利益，同时对被领导者给以政治教育。”党将思想政治工作渗透到经济工作之中，赢得了人民群众的广泛支持，人民群众成为解放战争胜利的坚强后盾。

During the era of revolutionary war, the Party combined political work with economic work, using ideological and political work to awaken the national and class consciousness of the people, guiding them to link immediate interests with future interests and partial interests with the interests of the entire nation, thereby mobilizing the masses to participate in the revolution. Through economic work, it mobilized and organized the masses, constantly paying attention to their basic needs, bringing them tangible and visible benefits, and winning their recognition and support for the Party’s leadership. Through political work, it guided the masses to recognize their own interests and strive unremittingly for them, laying a solid foundation for the victory of the revolution while also leaving behind valuable historical experience.

革命战争年代，党将政治工作与经济工作相结合，运用思想政治工作启发人们的民族与阶级觉悟，引导其把眼前利益与将来利益联系起来、把局部利益与全民族利益联系起来，调动了人民群众参与革命的积极性；通过经济工作发动群众、组织群众，随时关注人民群众基本需求，给人们带来了看得见、摸得到的实惠，赢得了人民群众对党的领导的认同与支持；通过政治工作引导人民群众认识到了自己的利益并为之不懈奋斗，在为革命胜利奠定坚实基础的同时也留下了宝贵的历史经验。

(II) During the period of socialist revolution and construction, the Party explicitly proposed that political work “must be carried out in conjunction with economic work,” greatly mobilizing the masses’ enthusiasm for production and construction.

（二）社会主义革命和建设时期，党明确提出政治工作“要结合着经济工作一道去做”，极大地调动了人民群众的生产建设积极性

After the founding of New China, the principal contradiction in Chinese society transformed into the contradiction between the people’s demand for building an advanced industrial country and the reality of a backward agricultural country, and between the people’s need for rapid economic and cultural development and the inability of the economy and culture to meet that need. The Party’s focus of work began to gradually shift to socialist construction, and the main tasks of political work and economic work correspondingly changed. Building socialism on the impoverished and blank foundation of a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society required mobilizing the initiative, enthusiasm, and creativity of the masses. In leading the masses in socialist construction, the Party particularly emphasized the issue of combining political work with economic work.

新中国成立后，我国社会的主要矛盾转化为人民对于建立先进的工业国的要求同落后的农业国的现实之间的矛盾、人民对于经济文化迅速发展的需要同经济文化不能满足人民需要的状况之间的矛盾，党的工作重心开始逐步转移到社会主义建设上，政治工作和经济工作的主要任务相应发生转化。在半殖民地半封建社会一穷二白的基础上建设社会主义，离不开对人民群众积极性、主动性、创造性的调动，党在带领人民群众建设社会主义的过程中特别强调政治工作与经济工作相结合的问题。

As early as March 1955, Mao Zedong demanded that leading cadres “on the basis of raising their level of Marxism-Leninism, make themselves experts proficient in both political work and economic work. On the one hand, they must do a good job in ideological and political work; on the other hand, they must do a good job in economic construction.” Through forceful ideological and political work, the Party greatly mobilized the masses’ enthusiasm for production and construction. In 1956, after the Eighth National Congress of the CPC shifted the focus of work to the task of socialist construction, in order to win the masses’ understanding and support for continuing to work hard and live “frugally” during the process of building socialism, the Party carried out vivid and practical socialist ideological education in economic construction, greatly inspiring the masses’ enthusiasm for building socialism. In January 1958, Mao Zedong explicitly pointed out in *Sixty Articles on Work Methods* the need to oppose the tendency of ignoring politics, opposing both empty politicians and practitioners who lose their direction. “The unity of politics and economics, the unity of politics and technology—this is beyond doubt, it is so every year, forever so… If one does not pay attention to thought and politics, and busies oneself with affairs all day long, one will become an economist or technician who has lost direction, and that is very dangerous.” Under these guiding principles, the Party combined political work with economic work, leading the people to establish the socialist political and economic system, educating the broad masses with socialist ideology, stimulating their sense of being masters of the country and their endogenous motivation to participate in socialist construction, and leading them in a difficult exploratory process of socialist construction. It achieved great accomplishments in socialist construction, such as the early completion of the First Five-Year Plan, laying a solid foundation for overcoming New China’s economic difficulties and for socialist industrialization.

早在1955年3月，毛泽东就要求领导干部“在提高马克思列宁主义水平的基础上，使自己成为精通政治工作和经济工作的专家。一方面要搞好政治思想工作，一方面要搞好经济建设”，党通过有力的思想政治工作极大地调动了人民群众生产建设的积极性。1956年，党的八大将工作重心转移到社会主义建设任务后，为了赢得人民群众对建设社会主义过程中继续艰苦奋斗、过“紧日子”的理解和支持，党在经济建设中开展了生动切实的社会主义思想教育，极大地激发了人民群众建设社会主义的热忱。1958年1月，毛泽东在《工作方法六十条》中明确指出要反对不问政治的倾向，既反对空头政治家，又反对迷失方向的实际家，“政治和经济的统一，政治和技术的统一，这是毫无疑义的，年年如此，永远如此……不注意思想和政治，成天忙于事务，那会成为迷失方向的经济家和技术家，很危险。”在这些思想的指导下，党将政治工作与经济工作相结合，领导人民确立了社会主义政治经济制度，用社会主义思想教育广大人民，激发了人民群众的主人翁意识和参与社会主义建设的内生动力，带领人民群众开展了艰辛的社会主义建设探索历程，取得了“一五计划”提前完成等社会主义建设的伟大成就，为克服新中国经济困难和社会主义工业化建设奠定了坚实的基础。

During this period, the Party brought into play the superiority of the socialist system. The combination of political work and economic work always adhered to the socialist direction. While stimulating the masses’ sense of being masters of the country, it boosted their confidence in building socialism and ignited their enthusiasm for construction. It strove to meet the masses’ needs for material life, leveraged the advantages of the planned economy to unite efforts and guide people to contribute to socialist industrialization, leaving behind valuable construction experience. Of course, during the socialist exploration led by the Party, there was once an erroneous tendency to overemphasize political work while neglecting economic work, which caused serious damage to various undertakings of the Party and the state, leaving behind painful historical lessons.

这一时期，党发挥社会主义制度的优越性，政治工作与经济工作相结合始终把握社会主义方向，在激发人民群众主人翁意识的同时，提振了人民群众建设社会主义的信心，激发了人们建设社会主义的热情；尽量满足人民群众对于物质生活的需要，发挥计划经济优势凝心聚力、引导人们为实现社会主义工业化贡献力量，留下了宝贵的建设经验。当然，在党领导的社会主义探索过程中，一度也曾出现了过分强调政治工作而忽视经济工作的错误倾向，给党和国家的各项事业带来了严重的损害，留下了惨痛的历史教训。

(III) During the new period of reform and opening up and socialist modernization, the CPC adhered to “grasping with both hands, both hands must be firm,” fully mobilizing the masses’ enthusiasm and initiative to participate in building socialism with Chinese characteristics.

（三）改革开放和社会主义现代化建设新时期，中国共产党坚持“两手抓、两手都要硬”，充分调动了人民群众参与中国特色社会主义建设的积极性和主动性

At the beginning of reform and opening up, the Party explicitly shifted the focus of work to economic construction. On how to ensure that ideological and political work injected strong momentum into economic construction and that economic construction did not deviate from the socialist direction, Deng Xiaoping pointed out: “The extremely arduous and complex task of socialist modernization is before us… We must place ideological and political work in a very important position, do it earnestly and well, and not relax it.” He emphasized: “While fully paying attention to meeting the people’s needs and gradually raising their living standards, we must also pay attention to ideological and political work, the core of which is to build socialist cultural-ethical progress.” In 1983, he again explicitly stressed: “The whole Party must study how to adapt to new conditions, strengthen the Party’s ideological work, and prevent the tendency to bury oneself in economic work while neglecting ideological work.” He repeatedly warned that material progress and cultural-ethical progress must be grasped with both hands, both hands must be firm, emphasizing that “without strengthening cultural-ethical progress, material progress will also be undermined and take detours.” Deng Xiaoping also addressed the methods of mass ideological and political work in economic work, proposing that education must be linked to reality and fully conduct investigation and research. “Only when the masses feel from the facts that the Party and socialism are good will education in ideals and discipline, communist ideology education, and patriotism education be effective.” In response to the negative situation during this period where some areas in practical work once focused only on economic work while neglecting ideological and political work, leading to the spread of bourgeois liberalization trends and the formation of distorted life values such as “money-worship” among some people, Deng Xiaoping stated on several occasions around 1989 that the biggest mistake in the ten years of development was in education, that ideological and political work had been weak: “In the previous period, we were busy with the Four Modernizations and developing the economy, and ideological and political work was weak.” Deng Xiaoping reflected on the problems caused by the lack of coordination between political work and economic work since reform and opening up, and explicitly proposed that “ideological and political work and the ideological and political work contingent must be greatly strengthened, and must never be weakened.”

改革开放之初，党明确将工作重心转移到经济建设上来，如何确保思想政治工作为经济建设注入强劲动力，确保经济建设不偏离社会主义方向，邓小平指出：“社会主义现代化建设的极其艰巨复杂的任务摆在我们的面前……我们一定要把思想政治工作放在非常重要的地位，切实认真做好，不能放松”，他强调：“我们在充分注意满足人民需要，逐步提高人民生活水平的同时，还要注意政治思想工作，其中心就是建设社会主义精神文明。”1983年，他再次明确强调：“全党要研究如何适应新的条件，加强党的思想工作，防止埋头经济工作，忽视思想工作的倾向。”他多次反复警示物质文明建设与精神文明建设要两手抓、两手都要硬，强调“不加强精神文明的建设，物质文明的建设也要受破坏，走弯路”。邓小平还强调了经济工作中群众思想政治工作的方法问题，提出教育一定要联系实际、充分开展调查研究，“群众从事实上感觉到党和社会主义好，这样，理想纪律教育，共产主义思想教育和爱国主义教育，才会有效。”针对这一时期一些领域在实际工作中一度出现的只注重经济工作而忽视思想政治工作导致资产阶级自由化思潮泛滥和一些人形成“一切向钱看”的扭曲人生价值观等消极状况，邓小平在1989年前后多次讲到十年发展中最大的失误是教育、是思想政治工作薄弱了：“前一段我们忙于搞四化建设，发展经济，政治思想工作薄弱了。”邓小平反思了改革开放以来政治工作与经济工作不够协调带来的问题，明确提出“思想政治工作和思想政治工作队伍都必须大大加强，决不能削弱”。

After the Fourth Plenary Session of the 13th Central Committee of the Party [9]9 The Fourth Plenary Session of the 13th Central Committee of the CPC was held in June 1989, marking a shift in leadership and policy direction after the Tian, as the people’s material needs were gradually satisfied, they raised higher demands for spiritual and cultural life. Jiang Zemin explicitly stated that “the Party’s ideological and political work is the lifeline of economic work and all other work,” emphasizing that under no circumstances should the development of material civilization be achieved at the expense of weakening or even sacrificing cultural-ethical progress, and that in economic construction, attention must be paid to promoting people’s all-round development and enhancing the overall quality of the people. Jiang Zemin specifically discussed the relationship between ideological and political work and economic work, stressing the need to “properly handle the relationship between adopting economic, administrative, and other regulatory measures and strengthening ideological and political work. While using various means to regulate distribution, attention must be paid to propaganda and ideological education work, guiding people neither to passively compare personal incomes and blindly pursue excessive consumption, nor to lack initiative, but to work steadfastly and actively, setting material benefit goals that can be achieved through effort under their respective conditions.” He believed that only when political work is carried out together with economic work and combined with improving the people’s living standards can it win the people’s hearts. “We must combine doing ideological work among the masses with helping them solve practical problems, both explaining principles and doing practical things, both convincing people with reason and moving them with emotion, permeating ideological education through practical actions, and guiding the masses to raise their spiritual realm and enhance their trust in the Party and government by solving real problems.” Jiang Zemin regarded ideological and political work as an important means of mobilizing and organizing the masses to participate in socialist construction. “Only by stressing politics can we mobilize, inspire, and unite the people of all ethnic groups across the country.” To this end, he explicitly proposed that doing people’s work and doing ideological and political work well are the central link in unifying the construction of the two civilizations [10]10 The “Four Consciousnesses” (四个意识) refer to the consciousness of the need to maintain political integrity, think in big-picture terms, follow the leadership core, and keep in alignment with the central Party leadership. The “Four Confidences” (四个自信) refer to confidence in the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics. The “Two Upholds” (两个维护) refer to upholding General Secretary Xi Jinping’s core position in the Party Central Committee and the Party as a whole, and upholding the Party Central Committee’s authority and centralized, unified leadership. These are standardized political slogans of the CPC. in the practice of modernization, requiring cadres at all levels to enhance their qualities and capabilities in both economic work and ideological and political work. “Leading cadres, especially senior cadres, must always have politics in mind, and must never focus solely on economic work while neglecting political work… If our leading cadres depart from politics and bury themselves solely in specific economic affairs, they will become unclear-headed leaders.”

党的十三届四中全会以后，伴随着人民群众物质需要的逐步满足，人们对精神文化生活提出了更高的要求，江泽民明确提出“党的思想政治工作，是经济工作和其他一切工作的生命线”，强调在任何时候任何情况下发展物质文明都不应该以削弱甚至牺牲精神文明建设为代价，在经济建设中要注意促进人的全面发展、提升人民整体素质。江泽民专门论述了思想政治工作与经济工作的关系问题，强调要“处理好采取经济、行政等调节手段和加强思想政治工作的关系。在采取各类手段调节分配的同时，要注意抓好宣传和思想教育工作，引导人们既不要消极攀比个人收入、盲目追求超前消费，也不要不求进取，而要脚踏实地积极工作，在各自所处的条件下，确定经过努力能够达到的物质利益目标”。他认为政治工作只有和经济工作一道去做，与改善人民群众生活相结合，才能赢得民心，“要把做群众思想工作与帮助群众解决实际问题结合起来，既讲道理又办实事，既以理服人又以情感人，在办实事中贯穿思想教育，通过解决现实问题引导群众提高精神境界、增强群众对党和政府的信任。”江泽民认为思想政治工作是动员和组织群众参与社会主义建设的重要手段，“只有讲政治，才能动员、鼓舞和团结全国各族人民”，为此，他明确提出做好人的工作、做好思想政治工作是在现代化建设实践中把两个文明建设统一起来的中心环节，要求各级干部要提升经济工作和思想政治工作的素质和能力。“领导干部特别是高级干部，脑子里一定要有政治这根弦，千万不能只顾经济工作而忽略了政治工作……如果我们的领导干部离开了政治，只顾埋头于具体的经济事务，就会变成一个不清醒的领导者。”

After the 16th National Congress of the CPC [11]11 The “18th National Congress of the CPC” was held in 2012, marking the beginning of the New Era under Xi Jinping’s leadership., in the face of the people’s growing material and cultural needs at the turn of the century, Hu Jintao’s Scientific Outlook on Development emphasized the need to be people-oriented, realize people’s all-round development, and fully mobilize the people’s enthusiasm, initiative, and creativity in participating in the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Hu Jintao pointed out: “Facing the new situation, our ideological and political work must be strengthened and must not be weakened in any way; it must be innovated and must not stand still.” He repeatedly stressed that ideological and political work should focus on the vital interests of the common people, attach importance to the principle of material interests in ideological and political education, and proposed that on the basis of continuous social development and progress, more attention should be paid to the people’s economic, political, and cultural interests, and the people’s material and cultural living standards should be further improved and raised. Hu Jintao required that in economic work, regarding hot and difficult issues of general concern to the masses, ideological work should be done to resolve doubts and raise awareness, presenting facts and reasoning to help the people improve their understanding. “Hot issues and sensitive issues should be skillfully guided, paying attention to grasping the ‘degree’ in propaganda,” and “for some decisions that are in line with the direction of economic and social development and the fundamental interests of the masses in the long run but that the masses may not immediately understand or accept, the actual situation and work plans should be proactively explained clearly to the masses, and ideological work among the masses should be done well.” In response to the problem of insufficient coordination between ideological and political work and economic work in some places in the new period, Hu Jintao specifically reminded leading cadres to pay attention to several issues, the first of which was “to combine ideological and political work with economic work and various professional tasks, embedding ideological education work into practical work.” Hu Jintao also required leading cadres to learn to do political work in economic work. “If one is immersed in daily affairs all day, unconcerned about politics, and inattentive to social and ideological and political dynamics, one cannot be a clear-headed and qualified leading cadre, and if this continues, there will be a danger of losing principles and direction in work.” To this end, he specifically proposed a dual standard for evaluating cadres: “We must not only look at the actual achievements and capabilities in leading material civilization construction, but also look at the actual achievements and capabilities in leading cultural-ethical progress.”

党的十六大以后，面对世纪之交人民群众日益增长的物质文化需要，胡锦涛提出的科学发展观强调要以人为本、实现人的全面发展，充分调动人民群众参与中国特色社会主义建设的积极性、主动性、创造性。胡锦涛指出：“面对新的形势，我们的思想政治工作必须加强而不可有任何削弱、必须进行创新而不可裹足不前。”他多次强调思想政治工作要关注老百姓切身利益，重视思想政治教育物质利益原则，提出在社会不断发展进步的基础上，要更加注重人民群众的经济、政治、文化利益，进一步改善和提高人民群众的物质文化生活水平。胡锦涛要求在经济工作中针对群众普遍关心的热点难点问题，要做好解疑释惑、提高认识的思想工作，要摆事实、讲道理，帮助人民群众提高认识，“对热点问题、敏感问题要善于引导，在宣传上注意把‘度’掌握好”，“对一些从长远看符合经济社会发展方向和群众根本利益而群众一时想不通、不理解的决策，要主动把实际情况和工作设想向群众讲清楚，做好群众思想工作。”针对新时期一些地方思想政治工作和经济工作不够协调的问题，胡锦涛特别提醒领导干部要注意几个问题，其中第一个就是“要把思想政治工作同经济工作和各项业务工作结合起来，寓思想教育工作于实际工作之中”。胡锦涛同样要求领导干部在经济工作中要学会做政治工作，“如果整天陷于日常事务，不关心政治，不注意社会思想政治动态，不可能是清醒的合格的领导干部，发展下去就会有在工作中丧失原则和迷失方向的危险。”为此，他还特意提出了考察干部的双重标准：“不仅要看领导物质文明建设的实绩和本领，而且要看领导精神文明建设的实绩和本领。”

It was precisely because, after reform and opening up, the Party, under the guidance of the basic line centered on economic construction, achieved an organic combination of political work and economic work, carried out effective ideological and political work throughout economic work, ensured the healthy development of the socialist market economy, focused on bringing people’s subjectivity into play in economic construction, and enhanced people’s ideological and political qualities while liberating and developing the productive forces, that the people’s enthusiasm, initiative, and creativity in participating in reform and opening up and socialist modernization were maximally mobilized, enabling our country to achieve remarkable great achievements that have attracted worldwide attention in a very short period of time.

正是因为改革开放后党在以经济建设为中心基本路线的指引下实现了政治工作与经济工作的有机结合，在经济工作中贯穿了有效的思想政治工作，确保了社会主义市场经济健康发展，注重在经济建设中发挥人的主体性，在解放和发展社会生产力的同时提升了人们的思想政治素质，才最大限度地调动了人民群众参与改革开放和社会主义现代化建设的积极性、主动性、创造性，使我们国家在很短的时间内取得了举世瞩目的伟大成就。

III. As socialism with Chinese characteristics enters the New Era, the Party adheres to the combination of political work and economic work, injecting new vitality into comprehensively advancing Chinese-path modernization

三、中国特色社会主义进入新时代，党坚持政治工作与经济工作相结合，为全面推进中国式现代化注入了新的活力

In a certain sense, “the century-long process of Chinese-path modernization is also the historical logic of ideological and political education advancing in the same direction, developing continuously, and serving modernization.” Entering the New Era, the Party’s central task is to lead the people of the whole country to achieve the grand goal of comprehensively advancing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization. General Secretary Xi Jinping explicitly put forward views such as “economic work is the central work” and “ideological work is an extremely important work of the Party.” The Party reaffirmed that ideological and political work is the lifeline of economic work and all other work, requiring the Party’s ideological and political work to be coordinated and carried out simultaneously with economic construction and other work. Theoretically, it deepened the understanding of the combination of political work and economic work; practically, it innovated the methods of combining political work and economic work, achieving historic changes and historic achievements, and injecting new vitality into the healthy development of the cause of Chinese-path modernization.

在一定意义上讲，“中国式现代化的百年历程，也是思想政治教育同向同行、接续发展和服务现代化的历史逻辑。”进入新时代，党的中心任务是带领全国人民实现以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴的宏伟目标，习近平总书记明确提出“经济工作是中心工作”“意识形态工作是党的一项极端重要的工作”等观点，党重申思想政治工作是经济工作和其他一切工作的生命线，要求党的思想政治工作与经济建设等工作协调并举，在理论上深化了对政治工作与经济工作相结合的认识，实践上创新了政治工作与经济工作相结合的方式，实现了历史性变革，取得了历史性成就，为中国式现代化事业的健康发展注入了新的活力。

(1) Adhering to the combination of political work and economic work, continuously strengthening the Party’s overall leadership, and grasping the political direction for comprehensively advancing Chinese-path modernization

（一）坚持政治工作与经济工作相结合，不断加强党的全面领导，为全面推进中国式现代化把握了政治方向

Adhering to the Party’s leadership and a firm and correct political direction is the fundamental guarantee for comprehensively advancing the sustained and healthy development of Chinese-path modernization with high-quality development. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC [12]12 The first quotation is from Marx’s 1859 Preface to *A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy*; the second is from Engels’s 1894 letter to W. Borgius., General Secretary Xi Jinping has explicitly pointed out that “advancing Chinese-path modernization must be regarded as the biggest political task,” emphasizing that Chinese-path modernization is “socialist modernization led by the Communist Party of China.” He attaches great importance to the necessity of strengthening Party leadership in economic work, stressing that “as the ruling party, we must effectively strengthen the Party’s leadership over economic work and do a solid job in economic work.” In the process of leading the comprehensive advancement of Chinese-path modernization, the Party has both adhered to the central position of economic construction and explicitly proposed that ideological and political work should be regarded as an important way to govern the Party and the country, serving the Party’s governance of the country. It has strengthened the Party’s ideological, political, and organizational leadership over economic work. By propagating Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, propagating and interpreting the Party’s line, principles, and policies in the New Era, arming minds with the Party’s latest theoretical achievements, and using legal thinking in leading economic work to enhance the consciousness of implementing and executing the Party’s line, principles, and policies in the New Era, it has ensured that the Party’s economic work has always adhered to the correct political direction. By leveraging the propaganda and guidance advantages of the Party’s ideological and political work in economic work, educating and guiding the people to move in the same direction as the Party and the government, and consciously implementing the new development concepts, it has ensured that our country’s economic construction has always advanced along the socialist path, comprehensively advancing the construction of Chinese-path modernization with high-quality development steadily and far.

坚持党的领导和坚定正确的政治方向是以高质量发展全面推进中国式现代化持续健康发展的根本保障。党的十八大以来，习近平总书记明确指出“必须把推进中国式现代化作为最大的政治”，强调中国式现代化是“中国共产党领导的社会主义现代化”。他非常重视经济工作中加强党的领导的重要性，强调“作为执政党，我们必须切实加强党对经济工作的领导，扎扎实实做好经济工作”。党在领导全面推进中国式现代化的过程中既坚持了经济建设的中心地位，又明确提出要把思想政治工作作为治党治国的重要方式，为党治国理政服务，加强了党对经济工作的思想、政治、组织领导，通过宣传习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想，宣传、阐释新时代党的路线、方针、政策，用党的最新理论成果武装头脑，在领导经济工作中运用法治思维提高贯彻、执行新时代党的路线、方针、政策的自觉性，确保了党的经济工作始终坚持了正确的政治方向；通过在经济工作中发挥党的思想政治工作宣传引导优势，教育和引导人民群众与党和政府同向同行，自觉贯彻新发展理念，确保了我国的经济建设始终沿着社会主义道路前进，以高质量发展全面推进中国式现代化建设事业行稳致远。

(2) Adhering to the combination of political work and economic work, continuously enhancing the people’s sense of gain and happiness, and consolidating ideological consensus for comprehensively advancing Chinese-path modernization

（二）坚持政治工作与经济工作相结合，不断提升人民群众的获得感、幸福感，为全面推进中国式现代化凝聚了思想共识

As the ruling party, the Communist Party of China can secure greater popular support for its leadership and the socialist system, and transform its propositions into people’s conscious actions, only by combining political work with economic work to promote the healthy development of social productive forces and continuously enhance the people’s sense of gain and happiness, thereby gathering ideological consensus for comprehensively advancing Chinese-path modernization. In the New Era, the Party regards ideological and political work as an important means of governing the Party and the country, emphasizing that unifying thinking and consolidating strength must be placed in an important position in all Party and state work. In this regard, General Secretary Xi Jinping particularly stresses the need to do a good job of ideological work in economic work, “solving both practical problems and ideological problems, so as to better strengthen confidence, gather people’s hearts, warm people’s hearts, and build consensus.” The Party adheres to using core socialist values to consolidate strength, and gives full play to its traditional advantage of combining economic work with ideological and political work, and combining the solution of ideological problems with the solution of practical problems. It both explains principles through political work and does practical things through economic work. While doing a good job in economic work and satisfying the people’s aspirations for a better material life, it takes advantage of opportunities such as comprehensively summarizing the Party’s century-long historical experience and building a moderately prosperous society in all respects to educate and guide the people to understand the great achievements made by the Party in leading the people through a century of struggle, prompting people to support the Party’s leadership from the bottom of their hearts, continuously strengthen the Four Consciousnesses, firm up the Four Confidences, and achieve the Two Upholds, and work together with one heart and one mind to strive for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization.

中国共产党作为执政党，只有把政治工作与经济工作相结合促进社会生产力健康发展，不断增强人民群众的获得感、幸福感，人民群众才会更加拥护我们党的领导和社会主义制度，党的主张才能转化为人们的自觉行动，才能为进一步全面推进中国式现代化凝聚思想共识。进入新时代，党把思想政治工作看作治党治国的重要方式，强调必须把统一思想、凝聚力量放在党和国家各项工作的重要位置，对此，习近平总书记特别强调要抓好经济工作中的思想工作，“既解决实际问题又解决思想问题，更好强信心、聚民心、暖人心、筑同心。”党坚持用社会主义核心价值观凝聚力量，发挥党把经济工作与思想政治工作相结合、解决思想问题与解决实际问题相结合的传统优势，既通过政治工作讲道理，又通过经济工作办实事，在做好经济工作、满足人民美好物质生活向往的同时，利用全面总结党百年奋斗的历史经验和全面建成小康社会等机会，教育引导人民群众了解党领导人民群众百年奋斗取得的伟大成就，促使人们发自内心地拥护党的领导，不断增强“四个意识”、坚定“四个自信”、做到“两个维护”，齐心协力为以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴而团结奋斗。

(III) Adhering to the combination of political work and economic work, continuously stimulating the endogenous vitality of the people, and injecting spiritual impetus into the comprehensive advancement of Chinese-path modernization

（三）坚持政治工作与经济工作相结合，不断激发人民群众的内生活力，为全面推进中国式现代化注入了精神动力

The human factor is the decisive factor in productive forces. Stimulating the endogenous vitality of the people to participate in economic construction is an inherent requirement for comprehensively advancing Chinese-path modernization. In the process of comprehensively building a modern socialist country in the New Era, the people remain the main force. However, some Party members and leading cadres are not good at transforming the Party’s correct policies into the conscious actions of the masses, leading to serious “waiting, relying on, and demanding” thinking among the masses in some impoverished areas. In response to these problems, General Secretary Xi Jinping has repeatedly emphasized the need to “adhere to the principal role of the masses and stimulate endogenous motivation.” In the New Era, the Party pays special attention to stimulating the people’s creative potential, vigorous vitality, and endogenous vitality, giving full play to the role of ideological and political work, and educating and guiding the people to realize that improving people’s livelihood is not only the direction of the work of the Party and the government, but also the goal and direction of the masses’ own struggle. In specific practice, the Party implements whole-process people’s democracy in political work, inspiring the people’s awareness of political participation, and enhancing the people’s sense of ownership, belonging, and responsibility in building Chinese-path modernization; the Party combines the conduct of economic work with ideological and political work, and by promoting the spirit of scientists, the spirit of model workers, and the spirit of craftsmanship in the New Era, it encourages the masses to “learn from, catch up with, and surpass each other,” cultivates their work attitude, will to struggle, and innovative spirit, and mobilizes the people’s enthusiasm, initiative, and creativity in participating in the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics; through political work, the Party makes people recognize the intrinsic relationship between Chinese-path modernization, national rejuvenation, and people’s happiness, stimulating the people’s consciousness in participating in the construction of Chinese-path modernization, and injecting strong spiritual impetus into promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization.

人的因素是生产力中起决定作用的因素，激发人民群众参与经济建设的内生活力是全面推进中国式现代化的内在要求。新时代全面建设社会主义现代化国家的过程中，人民群众依然是主体力量，然而，部分党员领导干部不善于把党的正确政策转化为群众的自觉行动，导致一些贫困地区群众“等、靠、要”思想严重。针对这些问题，习近平总书记多次强调要“坚持群众主体，激发内生动力”。新时代党特别注重激发人民群众的创造潜能、蓬勃生机和内生活力，充分发挥思想政治工作的作用，教育引导人民群众认识到改善民生既是党和政府工作的方向，更是群众自身奋斗的目标和努力的方向。在具体的实践中，党在政治工作中贯彻全过程人民民主，启发人民群众的政治参与意识，增强了人民群众建设中国式现代化的主人翁归属感和责任感；党把开展经济工作与思想政治工作相结合，通过宣传新时代科学家精神、劳模精神、工匠精神等，促进群众“比学赶超”，培养他们的劳动态度、奋斗意志和创新精神，调动了人民群众参与中国特色社会主义建设的积极性、主动性、创造性；党通过政治工作让人们认识到中国式现代化与民族复兴、人民幸福的内在关系，激发起了人民群众参与中国式现代化建设的自觉性，为以中国式现代化推进中华民族伟大复兴注入了强劲的精神动力。

(IV) Adhering to the combination of political work and economic work, focusing on promoting the all-round development of people, and providing talent support for the comprehensive advancement of Chinese-path modernization

（四）坚持政治工作与经济工作相结合，着力促进人的全面发展，为全面推进中国式现代化提供了人才支持

The construction of Chinese-path modernization is a systematic project, which includes not only the construction of material civilization, but also the content of promoting the all-round development of people, improving the overall quality and civilization level of the people, and other contents of cultural-ethical progress. Realizing the modernization of people and cultivating citizens with modern consciousness are also important tasks. Since the New Era, along with the transformation of the principal contradiction in our society, the people’s aspiration for a better life is no longer just to stably solve the problem of food and clothing and material needs, but also includes growing demands in spiritual and cultural aspects. General Secretary Xi Jinping put forward the goal of achieving common prosperity for all the people, requiring that ideological and political work be permeated into economic work and various management work, and establishing the work concept of grand propaganda, combining propaganda and ideological work with governance in various fields, “establishing a people-centered work orientation, combining serving the masses with educating and guiding the masses, and combining meeting needs with improving literacy.” In the process of advancing Chinese-path modernization in the New Era, while doing a good job in economic work and meeting the material needs of the people, our Party adheres to the strategy of strengthening the country through talent, guides people to continuously improve their ideological and political quality, absorb scientific and cultural knowledge, and improve labor skills and techniques, and focuses on cultivating high-quality talents with all-round development in morality, intelligence, physique, aesthetics, and labor; it effectively strengthens the ideological, political, and moral guidance of the people, uses core socialist values to guide the people to enhance their spiritual realm and pursue a higher-level lifestyle while pursuing material interests, and boosts their spirit; it adheres to the combination of law-based governance and rule by virtue, gives play to the role of laws and regulations, community conventions, village rules and regulations, and family instructions and family mottos in economic activities, and through multiple channels educates and guides the people to change outdated customs and establish new civilized practices, truly improving people’s civilized literacy and their ability to build socialist modernization.

中国式现代化建设是一个系统性工程，不仅包括物质文明建设内容，也包括促进人的全面发展、提升人民群众整体素质和文明水平等精神文明建设的内容，实现人的现代化、培养具有现代意识的公民也是一项重要的任务。新时代以来，伴随着我国社会主要矛盾转化，人民对美好生活的向往已经不只是要稳定解决温饱问题和物质需要，还包括精神文化方面日益增长的诉求。习近平总书记提出实现全体人民共同富裕的目标，要求经济工作和各项管理工作中都要渗透思想政治工作，树立大宣传的工作理念，把宣传思想工作同各个领域的治理结合起来，“树立以人民为中心的工作导向，把服务群众同教育引导群众结合起来，把满足需求同提高素养结合起来。”新时代我们党在推进中国式现代化的过程中，在做好经济工作、满足人民群众物质需求的同时，坚持人才强国战略，引导人们不断提升思想政治素质、汲取科学文化知识、提高劳动技能技术，着力培养德智体美劳全面发展的高素质人才；切实加强对人民群众的思想政治道德引领，用社会主义核心价值观引导人民群众在追求物质利益的同时提升精神境界、追求更高级的生活方式，提振精气神；坚持依法治国和以德治国相结合，在经济活动中发挥法律法规、社区公约、村规民约、家风家训的作用，通过多种渠道教育和引导人民群众改变陈规陋习、树立文明新风，真正提升了人们的文明素养和建设社会主义现代化的本领。

(V) Adhering to the combination of political work and economic work, creating a safe and stable social order, and providing a good environment for the comprehensive advancement of Chinese-path modernization

（五）坚持政治工作与经济工作相结合，营造安全稳定的社会秩序，为全面推进中国式现代化提供了良好环境

A safe and stable social governance environment is the basic prerequisite for realizing Chinese-path modernization. The combination of political work and economic work is conducive to correcting people’s misunderstandings about the Party’s line, principles, and policies, resolving people’s various negative emotions, and eliminating various unstable factors in the bud. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, our Party has given full play to the advantage of combining political work with economic work, permeating ideological and political work into politics, economy, culture, ecological civilization, and social construction, giving full play to the educational, guiding, and regulating functions of ideological and political work, actively publicizing the Party’s strategy of law-based governance, strengthening education on a holistic approach to national security, guiding people to consciously abide by laws and regulations, promoting social and political stability, and maintaining the overall situation of safety and stability; it educates and guides people to carry out orderly market competition, produce and operate in good faith according to law, obtain material interests through legitimate means, overcome bad tendencies such as caring only for profit that disrupt the order of the socialist market economy, eliminate chronic ills that affect the healthy development of the economy, such as damaging the environment for profit, lack of integrity, and counterfeiting, and build a good order of the socialist market economy; it cultivates people’s rational and peaceful healthy mentality, guides people to reasonably express emotions, alleviate conflicts and contradictions, and devote themselves to the cause of modernization with a peaceful attitude, correct posture, and full enthusiasm. At present, a social relationship characterized by safety and stability, fair competition, reasonable order, and interpersonal harmony has basically taken shape in our country, providing a good social and political environment for further comprehensively deepening reform and advancing Chinese-path modernization.

安全稳定的社会治理环境是实现中国式现代化的基本前提。政治工作与经济工作相结合有利于纠正人们对党的路线、方针、政策的误解，化解人们的各类消极情绪，把各种不稳定因素消除在萌芽状态。党的十八大以来，我们党发挥政治工作与经济工作相结合的优势，将思想政治工作渗透在政治、经济、文化、生态文明、社会建设之中，发挥思想政治工作的教育、引导、调节功能，积极宣传党的依法治国方略，加强总体国家安全观教育，引导人们自觉遵守法律法规，促进社会政治稳定，维护安全稳定大局；教育引导人们开展有序市场竞争，依法诚信生产经营，通过正当手段获取物质利益，克服唯利是图等扰乱社会主义市场经济秩序的不良倾向，消除破坏环境谋取利益、诚信缺失制假造假等影响经济健康发展的痼疾，构建了良好的社会主义市场经济秩序；培养人们理性平和的健康心态，引导人们合理表达情绪、缓解矛盾冲突，以平和的心态、正确的姿态、饱满的热情投入到现代化建设事业之中。目前，我国安全稳定、公正竞争、合理有序、人际和谐的社会关系基本形成，为进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化提供了良好的社会政治环境。

IV. The Significance of the CPC’s Adherence to Combining Political Work with Economic Work

四、中国共产党坚持政治工作与经济工作相结合的意义

The theory of combining the Party’s political work with economic work is directly derived from Marxist theories on matter and consciousness, productive forces and relations of production, economic base and superstructure, the people as the creators of history, and the all-round development of people. It has also greatly enriched the above content in both theory and practice. It is an innovative development of Marxist historical materialism, provides successful experience for proletarian parties to lead the people in carrying out socialist revolution and construction, and has important theoretical value and practical guiding significance for the theory and practice of scientific socialism.

党的政治工作与经济工作相结合的理论直接源自于马克思主义关于物质与意识、生产力与生产关系、经济基础与上层建筑、人民群众是历史的创造者、人的全面发展等理论，又在理论和实践上极大地丰富了上述内容，是对马克思主义唯物史观的创新性发展，为无产阶级政党带领人民群众开展社会主义革命和建设提供了成功经验，对科学社会主义理论与实践具有重要的理论价值和现实指导意义。

(I) The combination of political work and economic work is conducive to the people’s correct understanding of the basic contradictions of society and the consolidation of the lofty ideal of communism

（一）政治工作与经济工作相结合有利于人民群众正确认识社会基本矛盾、巩固共产主义远大理想

Political work has the function of political identification, but to realize this function, it must consider the basic demands of the masses and satisfy their actual interests. Engaging only in “empty politics,” neglecting economic work, and ignoring people’s basic material needs will ultimately lose popular support. Only by enabling the masses to gain a greater sense of fulfillment while simultaneously improving their ideological and political quality can they be better guided to strengthen their political identification with the Party’s leadership and establish the lofty ideal of communism. Marx and Engels believed that society is composed of many factors: “‘The mode of production of material life conditions the social, political and intellectual life process in general,’” and “The development of politics, law, philosophy, religion, literature, art, etc. is based on economic development. But they all also react upon one another and upon the economic base.” [12]12 The first quotation is from Marx’s 1859 Preface to *A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy*; the second is from Engels’s 1894 letter to W. Borgius. These expositions provide a worldview and methodology for proletarian parties to correctly handle the relationship between political work and economic work. Lenin practiced and developed the Marxist materialist conception of history, emphasizing that “politics is the concentrated expression of economics… politics cannot but take precedence over economics,” and that “we should not only help the workers in their economic struggle, but also help them in their political struggle.” [13]13 The first quotation is from Lenin’s 1920 “Once Again on the Trade Unions, the Current Situation and the Mistakes of Trotsky and Bukharin”; the second is from Lenin’s 1902 *What Is To Be Done?* The historical practice of the CPC in handling the relationship between political work and economic work is precisely built upon and developed from these understandings. Mao Zedong believed that the object of study of political economy is the relations of production, but that relations of production cannot be studied in isolation; they must be studied in connection with the productive forces and the superstructure. On the basis of inheriting the Marxist-Leninist materialist conception of history and integrating it with the realities of China’s revolution and construction, he creatively proposed: “We should take the balance and imbalance between the productive forces and the relations of production, and the balance and imbalance between the relations of production and the superstructure, as the guiding thread for studying the economic problems of socialist society.” [14]14 Mao Zedong, “On the Correct Handling of Contradictions Among the People” (1957), section on the basic contradictions of socialist society. On this basis, Chinese Communists, using a scientific worldview and methodology, correctly understood and profoundly grasped the basic contradictions and principal contradictions of socialism, deeply contemplated the relationship between political work and economic work, and gradually formed the viewpoint of integrating political work with economic work. In practice, the Party has adhered to integrating political work with economic work. While unswervingly doing economic work well to develop socialist productive forces, it has continuously used political work to adjust socialist relations of production, maintain a stable and orderly social order, and ensure the correct direction for economic development. This has resulted in the two miracles of long-term social stability and rapid economic growth, strengthened people’s belief in socialism with Chinese characteristics and the lofty ideal of communism, realized people’s political identification with the Party’s leadership, and consolidated the Party’s governing foundation. The successful practice of the CPC integrating political work with economic work to develop socialism with Chinese characteristics proves that only by profoundly grasping the basic contradictions of socialism and adhering to the integration of political work and economic work in practice can a socialist country promote the healthy development of the socialist cause with high quality, continuously enhance the people’s sense of gain, happiness, and security, win the heartfelt support and endorsement of the masses, gradually consolidate the communist party’s governing foundation, and ultimately realize the lofty ideal of communism.

政治工作具有政治认同功能，但实现这一功能必须考虑人民群众的基本诉求、满足人民群众的实际利益，只搞“空头政治”，不重视经济工作，忽视人们基本的物质诉求，最终会失去民心；只有让人民群众有更多获得感的同时提高思想政治素质，才能更好地引导他们加强对党的领导的政治认同、树立共产主义远大理想。马克思恩格斯认为社会是由诸多因素构成的，“‘物质生活的生产方式制约着整个社会生活、政治生活和精神生活的过程’”，“政治、法、哲学、宗教、文学、艺术等等的发展是以经济发展为基础的。但是，它们又都互相作用并对经济基础发生作用。”这些论述对无产阶级政党正确处理政治工作与经济工作的关系具有世界观和方法论的意义。列宁践行和发展了马克思主义唯物史观，他强调“政治是经济的集中表现……政治同经济相比不能不占首位”，“应当是不仅要帮助工人进行经济斗争，而且要帮助工人进行政治斗争”。中国共产党处理政治工作与经济工作关系的历史实践正是建立在这些认识的基础之上并得以发展的。毛泽东认为政治经济学的研究对象是生产关系，但是不能孤立地研究生产关系，要联系生产力和上层建筑进行研究，他在继承马克思列宁主义唯物史观的基础上，结合中国革命和建设的实际，创造性地提出“我们要以生产力和生产关系的平衡和不平衡，生产关系和上层建筑的平衡和不平衡，作为纲，来研究社会主义社会的经济问题”。中国共产党人在此基础上运用科学的世界观和方法论，正确认识和深刻把握了社会主义的基本矛盾和主要矛盾，深入思考了政治工作与经济工作的关系，逐步形成了政治工作与经济工作相结合的观点。党在实践中坚持将政治工作与经济工作相结合，在坚定不移做好经济工作发展社会主义生产力的同时，不断利用政治工作调整社会主义生产关系，维护安定团结的社会秩序，为经济发展把握正确方向，取得了社会长期稳定和经济快速发展两大奇迹，增强了人们对中国特色社会主义的信念和共产主义远大理想，实现了人们对党的领导的政治认同、夯实了党的执政基础。中国共产党将政治工作与经济工作相结合以发展中国特色社会主义的成功实践证明，社会主义国家只有深刻把握社会主义的基本矛盾，在实践中坚持政治工作与经济工作相结合，才能促进社会主义事业高质量健康发展，不断增强人民群众的获得感、幸福感和安全感，才能赢得人民群众发自内心的拥护和支持，共产党的执政基础才能够日益巩固，共产主义远大理想最终才能得以实现。

(2) The integration of political work and economic work is conducive to mobilizing people’s enthusiasm, initiative, and creativity in participating in socialist revolution and construction.

（二）政治工作与经济工作相结合有利于调动人们参与社会主义革命和建设的积极性、主动性、创造性

As an important tool for adjusting the relations of production and the superstructure, political work has a social mobilization function. It plays a significant role in promoting the development of social productive forces and economic construction, is conducive to stimulating the endogenous vitality of the masses to participate in production and construction, improving labor productivity, and can provide a powerful spiritual driving force for socialist economic construction. Marx and Engels believed that the masses are the creators of history, and that “what people strive for is all related to their interests,” and that “‘ideas’ once divorced from ‘interests’ will surely make themselves look ridiculous.” [15]15 The first quotation is from Marx’s 1842 “Debates on the Law on Thefts of Wood”; the second is from Marx and Engels’s 1845 *The Holy Family*. This provided a theoretical guide for the proletarian party to integrate political work with economic work, enlighten the political consciousness of the masses, and mobilize their enthusiasm, initiative, and creativity in participating in socialist revolution and construction. In his socialist practice, Lenin more explicitly raised the issue of mobilizing the masses’ enthusiasm, initiative, and creativity, emphasizing the need to provide spiritual impetus for economic work through political work: “Whoever pays attention only to the economic struggle and forgets political agitation and propaganda, forgets the necessity of organizing the workers’ movement into a party struggle, will never be able to persistently and effectively attract the least developed sections of the proletariat to the workers’ cause, let alone anything else.” [16]16 Lenin, “What Is To Be Done?” (1902). Stalin inherited and developed Lenin’s thought on the relationship between political work and economic work. He once criticized those Party members who were “intoxicated with economic victories” and neglected the Party’s political work: “The common mistake is: people only want to approach the peasants from the perspective of oral agitation, not understanding that the peasants need material agitation, not oral agitation; they need agitation that provides direct benefits.” [17]17 Stalin, “On the Tasks of the Party in the Countryside” (1924). The CPC further developed the Marxist theory that the masses are the creators of history. In considering how to mobilize the masses’ enthusiasm, initiative, and creativity in participating in revolution and construction, it proposed the method of integrating political work with economic work, and combining material incentives with spiritual incentives. As early as the era of revolutionary war, Mao Zedong pointed out: “Any work that requires the participation of the masses, if it lacks the masses’ consciousness and voluntariness, will end in mere formality and fail.” [18]18 Mao Zedong, “The United Front in Cultural Work” (1944). Combining this with the ideological, political, and living conditions of the Chinese people in a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, he explicitly proposed to educate the masses “so that they recognize their own interests, unite, and fight for their own interests.” [19]19 Mao Zedong, “Talk to the Editorial Staff of the *Shansi-Suiyuan Daily*” (1948). By enlightening the political consciousness of the masses, leading them to overcome economic difficulties, and guiding the workers and peasants to struggle for their own interests, the Party stimulated the subjectivity of the masses in participating in the revolution, achieving the great victory of the New Democratic Revolution. After the founding of New China, the CPC integrated political work with economic work, maximizing the mobilization of the masses’ subjectivity in production and construction, stimulating their endogenous vitality, and injecting a powerful spiritual driving force into socialist construction. The practical process of the CPC integrating political work with economic work to mobilize the subjectivity of the masses shows that the masses are always the main force promoting social development. Whether in revolution or construction, only by integrating political work with economic work can a proletarian party stimulate the endogenous vitality of the masses, enlighten their political consciousness, and guide them to strive for their long-term interests.

政治工作作为调整生产关系和上层建筑的重要工具，具有社会动员功能，在推动社会生产力发展和经济建设方面具有重大作用，有利于激发人民群众参与生产建设的内生活力，提高劳动生产率，可以为社会主义经济建设提供强大的精神动力。马克思、恩格斯认为人民群众是历史的创造者，而“人们奋斗所争取的一切，都同他们的利益有关”，“‘思想’一旦离开‘利益’，就一定会使自己出丑”，为无产阶级政党将政治工作与经济工作相结合、启发人民群众政治觉悟和调动他们参与社会主义革命与建设的积极性、主动性、创造性提供了理论指南。列宁在社会主义实践中更加明确地提出了调动人民群众积极性、主动性、创造性的问题，强调要通过政治工作为经济工作提供精神动力，“谁只注意经济斗争而忘记政治鼓动和宣传，忘记把工人运动组织成政党的斗争的必要性，谁就根本不可能坚持不懈和卓有成效地把无产阶级中水平最低的部分吸引到工人事业方面来，别的就更谈不到了。”斯大林继承和发展了列宁关于政治工作与经济工作关系的思想，他曾批判那些“陶醉于经济上的胜利”而不注意党的政治工作的党员：“一般的错误是：人们只想从口头鼓动方面去接近农民，不了解农民需要的是实物鼓动，而不是口头鼓动，需要的是提供直接利益的鼓动。”中国共产党进一步发展了马克思主义关于人民群众是历史创造者的理论，在思考如何调动人民群众参与革命和建设的积极性、主动性、创造性方面，提出了政治工作与经济工作相结合、物质激励与精神激励相结合的方式。早在革命战争年代，毛泽东就指出：“凡是需要群众参加的工作，如果没有群众的自觉和自愿，就会流于徒有形式而失败。”他结合半殖民地半封建社会中国民众的思想政治和生活状况，明确提出要通过教育“使群众认识自己的利益，并且团结起来，为自己的利益而奋斗”，党通过启发民众政治觉悟、领导群众克服经济困难，引导工农群众为争取自己的利益而斗争，激发了人民群众参与革命的主体性，取得了新民主主义革命的伟大胜利。新中国成立后，中国共产党将政治工作和经济工作相结合，最大限度地调动了人民群众生产建设的主体性，激发了人民群众的内生活力，为社会主义建设注入强大的精神动力。中国共产党将政治工作与经济工作相结合调动人民群众主体性的实践历程表明，人民群众始终是促进社会发展的主体力量，无论在革命还是建设过程中，无产阶级政党只有将政治工作与经济工作相结合，才能激发人民群众的内生活力，在启发他们政治觉悟的同时引导他们为实现自己的长远利益而奋斗。

(3) The integration of political work and economic work is conducive to promoting the comprehensive development of people and cultivating qualified builders and successors for the socialist cause.

（三）政治工作与经济工作相结合有利于促进人的全面发展、为社会主义事业培养合格的建设者和接班人

Ideological and political work possesses the function of spiritual construction. Integrating political work with economic work facilitates the embedding of ideological and political education content into people’s daily economic life, enhancing the sense of gain and closeness of ideological and political work. While meeting the material needs of the masses, it elevates their spiritual realm and ideological-cognitive level, thereby boosting people’s confidence in scientific socialism. The ultimate goal of communist society is to realize the free and comprehensive development of the individual, where each person’s spirit and body, individuality and sociality, can all develop universally, fully, and freely. However, the direction, mode, and degree of human development are constrained by social conditions. Only in communist society can the comprehensive development of humanity be truly realized, and the combination of education with productive labor is the sole path to achieving this comprehensive development. As the primary stage of communism, socialism must not only enable people to lead a good material life but also enrich their spiritual life. The superiority of socialist society includes not only the content of material civilization construction but also the content of cultural-ethical progress, such as promoting the comprehensive development of people and raising the level of civilization among the masses. Therefore, developing socialism requires avoiding both an excessive politicization tendency and a tendency to one-sidedly emphasize economic interests. Mao Zedong stated that we cannot “uphold righteousness and illuminate the Way” on an empty stomach [20]20 A reference to Mao Zedong’s criticism of empty moralizing divorced from material conditions, drawing on a classical Confucian phrase from Dong Zhongshu.; Deng Xiaoping emphasized “grasping with both hands” material civilization and cultural-ethical progress [21]21 A reference to Deng Xiaoping’s formulation that socialist construction must simultaneously develop material civilization and cultural-ethical progress.; and General Secretary Xi Jinping’s Chinese-path modernization is a modernization where material civilization and cultural-ethical progress are coordinated—all speak to this principle. The success of China’s socialist revolution and construction has created basic conditions for promoting the comprehensive development of people. In practice, the CPC has integrated political work with economic work and combined education with productive labor, continuously advancing the common progress of material civilization and cultural-ethical progress. It has always placed political work in the position of the lifeline of economic work [22]22 A classic CPC formulation from the Mao era, meaning that political work is the fundamental guarantee and guiding force for economic work, without which the latter would lose its direction., using fine traditional Chinese culture, revolutionary culture, and advanced socialist culture to unite the strength of the Chinese nation, focusing on achieving common prosperity for all the people. While meeting the material needs of the masses, it continuously satisfies their needs for spiritual and cultural life, building a socialist ideology with strong cohesion and guiding force, and cultivating a large number of high-quality talents who selflessly dedicate themselves to the socialist cause and develop comprehensively in morality, intelligence, physique, aesthetics, and labor. The successful practice of the CPC integrating political work with economic work to promote the comprehensive development of people proves that only by organically combining political work with economic work and other various tasks under the leadership of the Party can a socialist country promote the comprehensive development of people, raise their ideological and political quality, elevate their spiritual realm and moral level, and cultivate qualified builders and successors for the socialist cause.

思想政治工作具有精神构建功能，将政治工作和经济工作相结合，有利于将思想政治教育内容融入人们的日常经济生活，增强思想政治工作的获得感和贴近感，在满足人民群众物质需求的同时提升他们的精神境界和思想认识水平，进而提振人们对科学社会主义的信心。共产主义社会的最终目标是要实现人的自由全面发展，每个人的精神和身体、个体性和社会性都能得到普遍、充分而自由的发展，而人的发展方向、发展方式和发展程度受社会条件的制约，只有在共产主义社会，人类的全面发展才能真正实现，教育与生产劳动相结合是实现人的全面发展的唯一途径。社会主义作为共产主义的初级阶段，既要让人们过上美好的物质生活，也要让人们精神生活富裕，社会主义社会的优越性不仅仅包括物质文明建设内容，也包括促进人的全面发展、提升人民群众文明水平等精神文明建设的内容。因此，发展社会主义既要避免过分政治化倾向，也要避免片面注重经济利益的倾向，毛泽东讲我们不能饿着肚子去“正谊明道”，邓小平强调物质文明与精神文明“两手抓”，习近平总书记讲的中国式现代化是物质文明与精神文明相协调的现代化，说的都是这个道理。中国社会主义革命和建设的成功为促进人的全面发展创造了基本条件，中国共产党在实践中将政治工作和经济工作相结合、教育与生产劳动相结合，不断推进物质文明与精神文明建设共同进步，始终把政治工作放在经济工作生命线的地位，运用中华优秀传统文化、革命文化和社会主义先进文化凝聚中华民族力量，着力于实现全体人民共同富裕，在满足人民群众物质需要的同时不断满足其精神文化生活需要，建设了具有强大凝聚力和引领力的社会主义意识形态，培养了大批为社会主义事业无私奉献的德智体美劳全面发展的高素质人才。中国共产党将政治工作与经济工作相结合促进人的全面发展的成功实践证明，社会主义国家只有在党的领导下把政治工作与经济工作和其他各项工作有机结合起来，才能促进人的全面发展，提高人们的思想政治素质，提升人们的精神境界和道德水平，为社会主义事业培养合格的建设者和接班人。

In summary, the CPC’s integration of political work with economic work has achieved great successes in revolution and construction. It has not only fundamentally changed the future and destiny of the Chinese people and exerted a positive impact on the CPC’s enduring governance, but also demonstrated the powerful vitality of Marxism, providing a positive reference for socialist revolution and construction worldwide. Socialist countries must properly handle the relationship between political work and economic work, avoiding both an excessive politicization tendency and a tendency to one-sidedly pursue economic interests. Only by integrating political work with economic work under the leadership of the Party can a proletarian party strengthen the masses’ identification with Marxism and communism, boost people’s confidence in socialism, mobilize their initiative, enthusiasm, and creativity in participating in socialist revolution and construction, and enable scientific socialism to radiate new vitality and vigor across the world.

总之，中国共产党把政治工作与经济工作相结合，取得了革命和建设的伟大成就，不仅从根本上改变了中国人民的前途命运、对中国共产党持久执政产生积极影响，而且展示了马克思主义的强大生命力，对世界范围内社会主义革命和建设具有积极借鉴作用。社会主义国家要处理好政治工作与经济工作的关系，既要避免过分政治化倾向，也要避免片面追求经济利益的倾向，无产阶级政党只有在党的领导下把政治工作与经济工作相结合，才能增强人民群众对马克思主义和共产主义的认同，提振人们对社会主义的信心，调动其参与社会主义革命和建设的积极性、主动性、创造性，让科学社会主义在全世界范围内焕发出新的生机和活力。

(The authors are: a doctoral student at the School of Marxism, Shaanxi Normal University; and the Dean of the School of Marxism, Shaanxi Normal University, professor, and doctoral supervisor.)

（作者系陕西师范大学马克思主义学院博士研究生；陕西师范大学马克思主义学院院长，教授、博士生导师）

Online editor: Ma Jingren

网络编辑：马京仁