Arouse the Good People's Aspiration for and Commitment to Peace

This year marks the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War. The inhumane acts of aggression, heinous massacres, and barbaric plunder and destruction committed by Japanese militarism brought catastrophic disasters to the Chinese people and the people of many Asian countries. "Past experience, if not forgotten, is a guide for the future." [1]1 "Past experience, if not forgotten, is a guide for the future" (前事不忘，后事之师): A classical Chinese idiom from the "Strategies of the Warring States" (Zhan Guo Ce), meaning that remembering past events helps to avoid repeating mistakes. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "Condemning the brutality of the aggressors and emphasizing the need to remember historical experiences and lessons are not about perpetuating hatred, but about arousing the good people's aspiration for and commitment to peace, about taking history as a mirror and facing the future, and jointly cherishing and safeguarding peace." In recent years, the collection, collation, and research of historical evidence of Japan's crimes of aggression against China by domestic and international academic circles have yielded fruitful results, showing unprecedented breadth and depth. From dusty archival documents, from the firm narratives of aging survivors, and from the diligent work of researchers, the history of Japan's crimes of aggression against China is presented to the world in a richer, more precise, and more impactful form. These studies are not only a reconfirmation of the atrocities of past aggressors, but also a profound inquiry into historical justice and an eternal commitment to human peace.

今年是中国人民抗日战争暨世界反法西斯战争胜利80周年。日本军国主义惨无人道的侵略行径、令人发指的屠杀罪行、野蛮疯狂的掠夺破坏，给中国人民和广大亚洲国家人民带来了惨绝人寰的灾难。前事不忘，后事之师。习近平总书记指出：“谴责侵略者的残暴，强调牢记历史经验和教训，不是要延续仇恨，而是要唤起善良的人们对和平的向往和坚守，是要以史为鉴、面向未来，共同珍爱和平、维护和平”。近年来，国内外学界对日本侵华罪证史料的搜集整理和研究成果丰硕，呈现出前所未有的广度与深度。从尘封的档案文献中，从苍老的亲历者坚定的叙述里，从研究者辛勤的耕耘中，日本侵华罪行的历史以更丰富、更精确、更具冲击力的面貌呈现于世。这些研究不仅是对过往侵略者暴行的再确认，更是关乎历史正义的深刻叩问、对人类和平的永恒坚守。

The continuous collection and collation of new historical materials further solidify the historical evidence of Japan's crimes of aggression against China.

不断搜集整理的新史料，进一步固化日本侵华罪证史

Historical materials are the foundation of historical research. Shortly before the end of World War II, the Japanese government organized and systematically destroyed a large number of wartime core confidential archives, resulting in a lack of first-hand core archival documents for the post-war investigation of the crimes of the invading Japanese army and for historical research. In 2015, during the 25th collective study session of the Political Bureau of the 18th CPC Central Committee on the review and reflection of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "To deepen research on the War of Resistance, we need to let the facts speak through various witnesses and physical evidence, such as archives, materials, facts, and testimonies of parties involved. We must strengthen the basic work of data collection and collation, comprehensively organize the war-resistance archives, photos, materials, and physical objects from all over our country, and at the same time collect audio-visual materials, books, newspapers, diaries, letters, and physical objects from around the world." In the past 10 years, through extensive collection and in-depth excavation by domestic and international academic circles, batches of long-dusty original archives of the crimes of the invading Japanese army have been brought to light. Oral history interviews focusing on the perpetrators, victims, and witnesses of the war are in full swing.

史料是史学研究的根基。第二次世界大战结束前夕，日本政府有组织地大规模销毁了战时核心机密档案，导致战后侵华日军罪行追究和历史研究缺乏第一手核心档案文献。2015年，十八届中共中央政治局就中国人民抗日战争的回顾和思考进行第二十五次集体学习时，习近平总书记指出：“抗战研究要深入，就要更多通过档案、资料、事实、当事人证词等各种人证、物证来说话。要加强资料收集和整理这一基础性工作，全面整理我国各地抗战档案、照片、资料、实物等，同时要面向全球征集影像资料、图书报刊、日记信件、实物等。”近10年来，经过国内外学术界广泛搜集、深入挖掘，一批批尘封已久的侵华日军罪行原始档案重见天日，围绕战争加害者、受害者和见证者的口述史访谈方兴未艾。

The continuous excavation of archives and documents at home and abroad has further enriched and expanded the sources of evidence for the crimes of the Japanese army. In recent years, academia and domestic archives at all levels have released a series of archival documents exposing the Nanjing Massacre, biological warfare, chemical warfare, the "comfort women" system, indiscriminate bombing, and forced labor by the invading Japanese army. Since 2021, the Federal Archival Agency of Russia has launched the "1949 Khabarovsk Trial Archives" project, declassifying and uploading 370 sets of archival documents. These are core historical materials on Japanese biological warfare and important evidence for a comprehensive understanding of key issues in the Khabarovsk Trial and Unit 731, greatly enhancing overall knowledge of the Khabarovsk Trial with rich historical details. Some justice-minded scholars in Japan have also continuously excavated and published multiple archives related to the biological warfare of the invading Japanese army. For example, researcher Matsuno Seiya from Meiji Gakuin University collected and published primary archival materials such as the "Army Senior Civil Official Register: Army Secretaries, Army Engineers" from the National Archives of Japan, further revealing the inside story of the biological warfare of the invading Japanese army. Diaries of some Japanese soldiers, such as Lieutenant Colonel Kimura, Saijo Eisaku, and Arai Jun, have been successively published, further corroborating the truth of the Nanjing Massacre and the evil of the "comfort women" system. In addition, archives regarding the "counterfeit currency war" launched by the invading Japanese army in South China have also been made public. These archives detail the quantity, locations, processes, distribution channels, and usage regulations of the forged legal tender. The excavation of more and more archival materials has built a more rigorous chain of evidence for the aggressors' crimes.

海内外档案文献的不断挖掘进一步丰富拓展了日军罪行证据来源。近几年来，学术界和国内各级档案馆推出了一系列揭露侵华日军南京大屠杀、细菌战、化学战、“慰安妇”、无差别大轰炸、强制劳工等档案文献。2021年以来，俄罗斯联邦档案局启动“1949年哈巴罗夫斯克（伯力）审判档案”项目，解密上线了370组档案文献，这是日本细菌战的核心史料，是全方位认知伯力审判、731部队关键问题的重要证据，以丰富的历史细节极大提升了有关伯力审判的整体认知。日本国内一些正义学者也不断挖掘、公布侵华日军细菌战多项相关档案，如明治学院大学研究员松野诚也在日本国立公文书馆搜集公布了《陆军高等文官名簿 陆军书记官 陆军技师》等一手档案资料，进一步揭示了侵华日军细菌战的内幕。一些日军士兵如木村中佐、西条荣策、新井淳等的日记相继公布，进一步佐证了南京大屠杀真相和“慰安妇”制度的罪恶。另外，侵华日军在华南发动“伪钞战”的档案也被公开，这些档案详细记录了伪造法币的数量、地点、过程、分赃流向、使用规定等内容。越来越多档案资料的挖掘，构建了侵略者罪证更为严密的证据链。

As a vivid supplement to archival documents, oral history possesses unique emotional power and detail value. Since the survivors are advanced in age, rescue collection work is urgent. In recent years, some domestic universities, research institutions, and civil organizations have conducted oral history research on victims of the atrocities of the invading Japanese army. The testimonies of groups such as survivors of the Nanjing Massacre, victims of biological warfare, victims of the "comfort women" system, and survivors of forced labor have been systematically recorded, collated, verified, and preserved. Scholars in Shandong, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, and other places have organized college students to conduct rural surveys, successively publishing a series of oral materials from victims and witnesses of biological warfare, providing important documents for epidemiological research after the biological warfare launched by the invading Japanese army. Matsuoka Tamaki, founder of the "Continuation of Nanjing Memory Association" and chairperson of the Japanese "Mingxin Hui" (Remembrance Society), and Ono Kenji, a Japanese non-governmental researcher on the Nanjing Massacre, have interviewed Japanese veterans, collating and publishing oral testimonies of Japanese veterans on the Nanjing Massacre. In recent years, oral testimonies from former Unit 731 member Kurumizawa Masakuni, former youth soldier Shimizu Hideo, and others have revealed the crimes of Unit 731 in conducting human dissections, human experiments, and biological warfare. These oral materials not only record specific victim experiences, atrocity details, and geographical environments, but also carry indelible emotional trauma and life experiences, giving cold archives the temperature of life.

口述史作为档案文献的鲜活补充，具有独特的情感力量与细节价值。由于亲历者年事已高，抢救性采集工作刻不容缓。近年来，国内一些高校、研究机构及民间团体开展侵华日军暴行受害者口述史研究。南京大屠杀幸存者、细菌战受害者、“慰安妇”制度受害者、强掳劳工幸存者等群体的证言被系统记录、整理、核实并保存。山东、浙江、江苏等地学者组织大学生开展乡村调查，相继出版了细菌战受害者、亲历者的系列口述资料，为侵华日军发动细菌战后的流行病学研究提供了重要文献。“延续南京记忆会”创始人、日本铭心会会长松冈环，日本民间南京大屠杀研究者小野贤二等则通过采访日本老兵，整理出版了南京大屠杀日本老兵的口述证言。近几年来，731部队原队员胡桃泽正邦、少年兵清水英男等口述证言资料，揭示了731部队进行人体解剖和人体实验以及实施细菌战等罪行。这些口述资料不仅记录了具体的受害者经历、暴行细节和地理环境，更承载了难以磨灭的情感创伤与生命体验，赋予冰冷档案以生命的温度。

Online platform databases have become a new platform for exposing evidence of Japanese aggression. In September 2018, the "Documentary Data Platform on the War of Resistance and Modern Sino-Japanese Relations" of the Institute of Modern History, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, was officially launched. The platform's documents include seven categories: books, newspapers, periodicals, archives, audio, pictures, and videos. The online documents total more than 83 million pages of high-definition images and nearly 180 million characters of descriptive text, freely available to the public. In Japan, the Japan Center for Asian Historical Records, established in 2001, has been continuously releasing documents from the National Archives of Japan, the Diplomatic Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and the Library of the National Institute for Defense Studies concerning Asia from the early Meiji period to the end of the Pacific War. These two major data platforms in China and Japan provide a large number of documents and historical materials related to Japan's war atrocities. Additionally, the South Korean "Digital Archive of Japanese Military Sexual Slavery (Comfort Women) Records" has collected and compiled over 80,000 items of data on "comfort women" for academic use. The vast amount of documentary materials gathered on online platforms has greatly broadened the pathways for research on the crimes of the invading Japanese army.

网络平台数据库成为揭露日本侵略罪证的新平台。2018年9月，中国社会科学院近代史研究所“抗日战争与近代中日关系文献数据平台”正式上线，平台文献囊括图书、报纸、期刊、档案、音频、图片、视频七大类资源，上线文献共计8300余万页高清图像和近1.8亿字著录文字，免费向全社会开放。在日本，2001年开始设立的亚洲历史资料中心也在通过互联网持续公布日本国立公文书馆、外务省外交史料馆、防卫厅防卫研究所图书馆收藏的从明治初期到太平洋战争结束的有关亚洲的资料。中日两国这两大数据平台提供了大量涉及日本战争暴行的相关文献史料。另外，韩国《日军慰安妇记录史料数据库》收集整编8万多项“慰安妇”相关资料，供学界使用。网络平台汇聚的海量文献资料，大大拓宽了侵华日军罪行研究的路径。

Interdisciplinary integrated research continuously explores new dimensions for understanding the crimes of the invading Japanese army.

跨学科融合研究，不断发掘认识侵华日军罪行的新维度

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "We must adhere to historical materialism [2]2 Historical materialism (唯物史观): The Marxist view of history that material conditions and economic relations are the primary drivers of historical development. Used here to emphasize a scientific and fact-based approach to history. in understanding and recording history, and base historical conclusions on solid and accurate historical evidence and in-depth and meticulous research and analysis." In the study of evidence of the crimes of the invading Japanese army, academia has continuously collected and enriched first-hand archival documents and oral materials but still requires in-depth and meticulous research to reach scientific historical conclusions, to profoundly expose the crimes of the invading Japanese army, and to restore historical truth. In recent years, the study of evidence of Japan's crimes of aggression against China has gradually taken on a distinct trend of interdisciplinary integration. In particular, with the application of big data, the theories, methods, and perspectives of multiple disciplines are deeply integrated, continuously uncovering new dimensions for understanding the crimes of the invading Japanese army.

习近平总书记指出：“要坚持用唯物史观来认识和记述历史，把历史结论建立在翔实准确的史料支撑和深入细致的研究分析的基础之上。”在侵华日军罪证研究中，学界不断搜集、丰富了第一手档案文献和口述资料，但还需要进行深入细致研究，才能得出科学的历史结论，才能深刻揭露侵华日军罪行、还原历史真相。近几年来，日本侵华罪证研究已逐渐呈现出鲜明的跨学科融合研究趋向，特别是随着大数据应用，多学科的理论、方法与视角深度交融，不断发掘认识侵华日军罪行的新维度。

The deepening of historical micro-studies and global macro-studies has greatly enriched the layers of research. Micro-history focuses on specific regions, events, groups, and even individual life histories. For example, in-depth investigations into villages such as Hushan Village and Xigangtou Village in Tangshan Town on the outskirts of Nanjing during the Nanjing Massacre, using multiple sources including Japanese military field diaries, local gazetteers, genealogies, and especially survivor testimonies, reconstruct the specific process of the massacres, the collapse of village social structures under violence, and the difficult post-war survival trajectories of the survivors. This "thick description" approach returns the abstract numbers of grand narratives to named and flesh-and-blood individuals, revealing the devastating impact of war violence on the most grassroots social units of villages. At the same time, a global historical perspective places Japan's crimes of aggression against China within the broader context of imperialist expansion, colonial systems, and the global spread of fascism. Researchers have conducted in-depth analysis of the internal connections and pattern commonalities among Japan's war crimes in the Korean Peninsula, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific region, and have also conducted comparative studies of the Nazi Holocaust and the Japanese massacres in the Far East. This perspective breaks through the limitations of nation-state historical views, revealing both the uniqueness and commonalities of Japan's war crimes of aggression against China.

历史学个案微观史与全球宏观史的深化，极大地丰富了研究的层次。微观史研究聚焦于具体地域、具体事件、具体群体甚至个体生命史。如对南京大屠杀期间城郊汤山镇的湖山村、西岗头村等遭日军屠戮村庄的深入考证，利用日军阵中日记、地方志、族谱，特别是幸存者口述等多重证据，复原惨案发生的具体过程、村庄社会结构在暴力下的瓦解以及幸存者艰难的战后生存轨迹。这种“深描”式研究，使宏大叙事下的抽象数字回归为有名有姓、有血有肉的生命个体，揭示了战争暴力对最基层社会村庄的摧毁性打击。同时，全球史视角将日本侵华罪行置于更广阔的帝国主义扩张、殖民主义体系、法西斯主义全球蔓延的脉络中考量。研究者深入分析战争期间日本在朝鲜半岛、东南亚、太平洋地区侵略罪行之间的内在关联性与模式共性，还进行了德国纳粹大屠杀暴行和日本在远东大屠杀暴行的比较研究，这种视角打破了民族国家史观的局限，揭示了日本侵华战争罪行的独特性和共通性。

Interdisciplinary research demonstrates strong explanatory power for the atrocities of the Japanese army. The involvement of law (especially international law and the laws of war) provides a rigorous legal analytical framework for determining the nature of specific atrocities of the invading Japanese army (crimes against peace, war crimes, crimes against humanity). Scholars use legal theory to meticulously analyze the illegality elements of actions such as the Nanjing Massacre, the "comfort women" system, indiscriminate bombing, and the use of biological and chemical weapons, exploring accountability mechanisms for Japan's state responsibility and the personal responsibility of war criminals. Their research results directly serve the pursuit of historical justice in reality. Sociological perspectives focus on issues such as the social structural changes caused by war, population mobility, family relationships, and intergenerational trauma. Through social surveys and data analysis, they study the refugee waves caused by war, the orphan problem, the lingering effects of sexual violence, and the post-war crisis of social trust, revealing how war atrocities have persistently impacted the social psychology of the populace, especially young people. Emerging fields such as medical history and environmental history have also contributed unique insights. Medical history research focuses on Unit 731 and other biological and chemical warfare units of the Japanese army, exposing the essence of their anti-human atrocities—such as vivisection, bacterial infection, frostbite experiments, and biological warfare—conducted under the pretext of "science" and "medical progress." The research critically analyzes how wartime Japanese science and technology were hijacked by militarism, completely abandoning medical ethics of saving lives and becoming a killing machine. The environmental history perspective focuses on the systematic damage caused by the invasion war to China's ecological environment: the long-term poisoning of regional ecosystems by the Japanese army's biological warfare for military purposes, the ongoing contamination of soil and water by abandoned chemical weapons, and the predatory extraction of forest and mineral resources. These studies reveal that war is not only a disaster for human society but also an ecological catastrophe.

跨学科研究对日军暴行展现出强大的解释力。法学（尤其是国际法、战争法）的介入，为判定侵华日军具体暴行的性质（反和平罪、战争罪、反人类罪）提供了严谨的法理分析框架。学者们运用法理细致剖析南京大屠杀、“慰安妇”制度、无差别轰炸、使用生化武器等行为的违法性构成要素，探讨日本的国家责任与战犯个人责任的追究机制，其研究成果直接服务于现实中对历史正义的诉求。社会学视角关注战争导致的社会结构、人口流动、家庭关系、代际性创伤等课题。通过社会调查与数据分析，研究战争导致的难民潮、孤儿问题、性暴力遗留影响、战后社会信任危机等，揭示战争暴行如何持久影响社会民众特别是年轻人的社会心理。医学史、环境史等新兴领域也贡献了独特洞见。医学史研究聚焦731部队等日军生化部队，揭露其以“科学”和“医学进步”为名，进行活体解剖、细菌感染、冻伤实验、生化战等反人类暴行的本质。研究成果批判性地分析了战时日本科技如何被军国主义绑架，彻底背离了救死扶伤的医学伦理，沦为杀人机器。环境史视角则关注侵华战争对中国生态环境造成的系统性破坏：日军为军事目的所进行的细菌战对区域生态系统的长期毒害、遗留化学武器对土壤水源的持续污染，以及对森林矿产资源的掠夺性开采等。这些研究揭示了战争不仅是人类社会的灾难，也是生态环境的浩劫。

The use of big data aids the analysis of new areas of research on the crimes of the Japanese army. Some scholars, based on oral history materials of biological warfare, use GIS and statistical tools to conduct quantitative analysis of oral materials, and combine Chinese and Japanese archives, local gazetteers, and literary and historical materials to achieve multi-source cross-verification. On the basis of spatiotemporal analysis, they restore wartime rural historical scenes, analyze the directions and destinations of wartime population movements, and construct a chain of evidence connecting the activities of the invading Japanese army and local disease outbreaks. Other scholars, based on pre-trained models, conduct sentiment polarity recognition on a sentence-by-sentence basis for "The Diaries of John Rabe," and use time-series statistics, map mapping, and historical source comparison to explore the distribution characteristics of Rabe's emotions, their changing trends, and his emotional tendencies toward different people around the time of the Nanjing Massacre from an overall perspective. The research shows that Rabe did not have the narrative intention to exaggerate the atrocities of the Japanese army, nor did he display obvious national or ethnic bias, refuting the questioning by Japanese right-wing forces of the objectivity of Rabe's diary as a third-party source.

大数据的运用助力分析日军罪行研究新领域。有学者基于细菌战口述史资料，通过地理信息系统和统计学工具对口述材料进行定量分析，并结合中日两国档案、地方志和文史资料实现多方参证，在时空分析的基础上，还原了战时乡村历史场景，解析出战时民众流徙方向和目的地选择，构建了侵华日军活动与当地疾病流行的证据链。还有学者基于预训练模型对《拉贝日记》进行分句情感极性识别，并通过时序统计、地图映射和史料对照，从整体视角探索南京大屠杀前后拉贝的情感分布特征、变化趋势和对不同人物的情感倾向。研究表明，拉贝没有强化日军暴行的叙事意图，也没有明显的国族偏见等，反驳了日本右翼对第三方人士拉贝日记客观性的质疑。

Guard historical truth and jointly build a peaceful future for humanity.

守护历史真相，共筑人类和平未来

"History is the best textbook and the best sobering agent." The in-depth and systematic study of evidence of Japan's crimes of aggression against China has significance far beyond restoring history itself. It transcends national boundaries and concerns the common conscience and future of humanity. On May 7 this year, General Secretary Xi Jinping published a signed article titled "Learning from History and Creating a Better Future" in Rossiyskaya Gazeta, pointing out: "The memory and truth of history will not fade with the passage of time. The enlightenment they bring will forever reflect reality and illuminate the future." History is a beacon that illuminates reality and inspires the future, carrying irreplaceable contemporary value.

“历史是最好的教科书，也是最好的清醒剂。”深入系统的日本侵华罪证研究，其意义远不止于还原历史本身。它超越国界，关乎人类共同的良知与未来。今年5月7日，习近平总书记在《俄罗斯报》发表题为《以史为鉴 共创未来》的署名文章指出：“历史的记忆和真相不会随着岁月流逝而褪色，带给我们的启迪永远映照现实、昭示未来。”历史是照亮现实、启迪未来的明灯，承载着不可替代的时代价值。

Counter the adverse currents of historical nihilism. [3]3 Historical nihilism (历史虚无主义): A term used by the CPC to describe ideological trends that deny or distort key events in Chinese history, especially the role of the Party and the revolutionary tradition. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "All attitudes that disregard the history of aggressive wars and all statements that beautify the nature of aggressive wars, no matter how many times they are repeated or how high-sounding they sound, are harmful to human peace and justice." Research results with ironclad evidence are the most powerful weapon to counter the systematic denial of the history of aggression, the glorification of colonial rule, the questioning of atrocities such as the Nanjing Massacre, and the denial of the coercive nature of the "comfort women" system by Japanese right-wing forces. After the end of World War II, the crimes of Japan's war of aggression against China were subjected to a just trial and forever nailed to the pillar of shame of history. History will not change with the passage of time, and facts will not disappear because of glib denials. A solid chain of archival evidence, named testimonies from victims, and rigorous academic argumentation constitute an unshakable historical fortress. Every discovery of new archives and every deepening of research reinforces the fortress of historical truth, leaving any attempt to distort or whitewash history nowhere to hide in the face of facts. This defense is not only a lashing against the aggressors, but also a comfort to the deceased, a protection of national dignity, and a steadfast upholding of the basic moral bottom line of human society.

反击历史虚无主义逆流。习近平总书记指出：“一切罔顾侵略战争历史的态度，一切美化侵略战争性质的言论，不论说了多少遍，不论说得多么冠冕堂皇，都是对人类和平和正义的危害。”铁证如山的研究成果，是回击日本国内右翼势力系统性否定侵略历史、美化殖民统治、质疑南京大屠杀等暴行、否认“慰安妇”制度强制性的最有力武器。第二次世界大战结束后，日本侵华战争的罪行受到了正义审判，永远被钉在了历史的耻辱柱上。历史不会因时代变迁而改变，事实也不会因巧舌抵赖而消失。扎实的档案证据链、受害者具名具姓的证言、严谨的学术论证，构成了无法撼动的历史堡垒。每一件新档案的发现、每一次研究的深化，都是对历史真相堡垒的加固，使任何企图歪曲、粉饰历史的言行在事实面前都无所遁形。这种捍卫，不仅是对侵略者的鞭挞，更是对死难者的告慰、对民族尊严的维护、对人类社会基本道德底线的坚守。

Cultivate national spirit and solidify collective memory. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "Facing the butcher's knife of the aggressors, the Chinese people built a new Great Wall with their flesh and blood. Every one of them was determined to die. Thousands of heroes advanced amidst the artillery fire of the aggressors and died heroically under their butcher's knife, demonstrating the unyielding noble spirit of the Chinese nation." It was this noble spirit passed down from generation to generation in the Chinese nation that, at the moment of national survival, erupted into a powerful spiritual force of nationwide unity against a common enemy and willingness to face death. The in-depth study of evidence of Japan's crimes of aggression against China allows that history of suffering and resistance, soaked in blood and tears, to merge more clearly and deeply into the national bloodline and become a collective memory. It teaches generations of Chinese people that today's peace and dignity were forged by countless martyrs with their flesh and blood, and are the result of the Chinese nation's indomitable rise amidst profound suffering. This memory, based on solid historical facts, can effectively inspire the deep and rational patriotic sentiment of the Chinese people. This shared memory makes the Chinese nation stronger due to the suffering of war and more confident due to the victory of the War of Resistance. The victory in the War of Resistance thus became a turning point for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, strengthening the spiritual bond of the Chinese national community.

涵养民族精神，筑牢集体记忆。习近平总书记指出：“面对侵略者的屠刀，中国人民用血肉之躯筑起新的长城，人人抱定必死之心。成千上万的英雄们，在侵略者的炮火中奋勇前进，在侵略者的屠刀下英勇就义，彰显出中华民族威武不能屈的浩然正气。”正是中华民族代代相传的浩然正气，在民族存亡关头，迸发出举国上下同仇敌忾、视死如归的强大精神动力。对日本侵华罪证的深入研究，让那段浸透血泪的苦难抗争史更加清晰、深刻地融入民族血脉，化作集体记忆。它教育一代代国人，今日之和平与尊严，是无数先烈以血肉之躯铸就的，是中华民族在深重苦难中不屈奋起的结果。这种基于确凿史实的记忆，能够有效激发中华儿女深沉而理性的爱国主义情怀。这一共同记忆，使中华民族因战争苦难而愈发顽强、因抗战胜利而愈发自信。抗日战争的胜利因此成为中华民族伟大复兴的转折点，强化了中华民族共同体的精神纽带。

Warn people of all countries to join hands in building a peaceful future. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "Peace is hard-won, and peace must be defended." The study of evidence of Japan's crimes of aggression against China has profound global significance. It reveals the catastrophic consequences of extreme nationalism, militarism, and power politics. The anti-human atrocities committed by the invading Japanese army in the war are a major trauma in the history of human civilization. In-depth research on their roots, mechanisms, and consequences provides a classic case for all humanity to reflect on war and cherish peace. The war of aggression launched by Japanese fascists against China brought unprecedented disaster to the Chinese people. Chinese military and civilian casualties exceeded 35 million, with direct economic losses of US$100 billion and indirect economic losses of US$500 billion... It was only after 14 years of bloody struggle by the Chinese people that the sunshine of peace once again shone on the land. This heavy historical lesson warns the world: peace is like finely crafted jade, requiring the careful care of every one of us; human rights and dignity must not be trampled upon under any pretext; only by respecting history and taking history as a mirror can the people of all countries truly avoid the recurrence of tragedy, thereby joining hands to build peace and promote the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind, which concerns the bright future of humanity.

警示世界各国人民携手共筑和平未来。习近平总书记指出：“和平来之不易，和平必须捍卫。”日本侵华罪证研究具有深刻的世界意义，它揭示了极端民族主义、军国主义、强权政治的灾难性后果。侵华日军在战争中表现出的反人类暴行，是人类文明史上的巨大创伤。对其根源、机制、后果的深入研究，为全人类提供了反思战争、珍惜和平的经典案例。日本法西斯发动的侵华战争给中国人民带来了空前的灾难，中国军民伤亡3500万人以上，直接经济损失1000亿美元，间接经济损失5000亿美元……中国人民经过14年浴血奋战，和平的阳光才再次普照大地。这份沉重的历史教训警示世人：和平犹如精琢玉器，需要我们每一个人的精心呵护；人权尊严不容以任何借口践踏；唯有尊重历史、以史为鉴，世界各国人民才能真正避免悲剧重演，从而携手共筑和平，推动构建关乎人类美好未来的人类命运共同体。

(The author is a professor at the Research Center for the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Nanjing Normal University)

（作者为南京师范大学抗日战争研究中心教授）

Online editor: Tongxin

网络编辑：同心