Deeply Implement the “AI+” Action to Provide Strong Momentum for High-Quality Development

General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasised: “As a strategic technology leading the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, artificial intelligence is profoundly changing the ways of human production and life.” The Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee [1]1 The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China – a key meeting held in 2024 focused on deepening reform and promoting modernisation. clearly designated artificial intelligence as a strategic industry, driving the digital and intelligent transformation of all sectors and injecting new impetus into high-quality economic development. The State Council [2]2 The State Council – the central executive authority of the People's Republic of China. recently issued the “Opinions on Deeply Implementing the ‘AI+’ Action” [3]3 “AI+” – a policy initiative to drive the deep integration of artificial intelligence with various economic and social sectors., putting forward guiding opinions on the application and development of artificial intelligence in various industries and fields at the national level, and clarifying the timeline and roadmap. We must thoroughly implement the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, vigorously promote the commercialisation and large-scale application of artificial intelligence, accelerate the extensive and deep integration of artificial intelligence with various economic and social fields, and contribute to empowering high-quality development and better serving socialist modernisation.

习近平总书记强调：“人工智能作为引领新一轮科技革命和产业变革的战略性技术，深刻改变人类生产生活方式。”党的二十届三中全会明确将人工智能作为战略性产业，推动实现各行业的数智化转型，为经济高质量发展注入新动力。国务院日前印发《关于深入实施“人工智能+”行动的意见》，从国家层面对各行业各领域人工智能应用发展提出指导意见，明确时间表、路线图。我们要深入贯彻落实党中央、国务院决策部署，大力推进人工智能商业化规模化应用，加快人工智能与经济社会各领域广泛深度融合，为赋能高质量发展、更好服务社会主义现代化建设贡献力量。

Fully Grasp the Great Significance of Deeply Implementing the “AI+” Action

深刻领会深入实施“人工智能+”行动的重大意义

At present, the iterative evolution of artificial intelligence technology is accelerating, exerting a significant and far-reaching impact on economic development, social progress, and the international political and economic landscape. Deeply implementing the “AI+” action and promoting the deep integration of artificial intelligence with the economy and society are both an urgent task we face and a strategic proposition related to long-term development.

当前，人工智能技术加速迭代演进，正在对经济发展、社会进步、国际政治经济格局等方面产生重大而深远的影响。深入实施“人工智能+”行动，推动人工智能与经济社会深度融合，既是我们当前面临的紧迫任务，更是关乎长远发展的战略命题。

Deeply implementing the “AI+” action is a strategic choice to seize the opportunities of the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasised: “Accelerating the development of the new generation of artificial intelligence is a strategic issue concerning whether China can seize the opportunities of the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation.” Historical development shows that each scientific and technological revolution brings an exponential leap in productive forces and promotes the profound evolution of social forms. As another epoch-making transformative technology after the steam engine, electricity, and the internet, artificial intelligence is driving economic and social development towards a new stage of intelligence with unprecedented speed, breadth, and depth. Implementing the “AI+” action reflects the Party Central Committee and the State Council’s profound insight and forward-looking planning regarding the general trend of world scientific and technological development, and is an important lever for winning the initiative in global technological competition.

深入实施“人工智能+”行动，是抢抓新一轮科技革命和产业变革机遇的战略选择。习近平总书记强调：“加快发展新一代人工智能是事关我国能否抓住新一轮科技革命和产业变革机遇的战略问题。”历史发展表明，每一次科技革命都带来生产力的指数级跃升，推动社会形态深刻演进。人工智能作为继蒸汽机、电力、互联网之后的又一划时代的变革性技术，正以前所未有的速度、广度和深度，驱动经济社会发展加快迈向智能化新阶段。实施“人工智能+”行动，体现了党中央、国务院对世界科技发展大势的深刻洞见和前瞻擘画，是赢得全球科技竞争主动权的重要抓手。

Deeply implementing the “AI+” action is an inherent requirement for cultivating and developing new quality productive forces. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasised: “Scientific and technological innovation is the core element for developing new quality productive forces.” As a key driving force of the new round of scientific and technological revolution, the current rapid development of artificial intelligence is forming a historical convergence with China’s cultivation of new quality productive forces and promotion of high-quality development. Artificial intelligence has a strong “head goose” effect [4]4 “Head goose effect” – a metaphor for the leading and driving role of a dominant entity, analogous to a lead goose in a flock. of spillover and driving capability. Through innovative allocation of factors such as capital, labour, technology, and data, it significantly improves total factor productivity and promotes a revolutionary leap in productive forces. Implementing the “AI+” action and actively promoting the deep integration of artificial intelligence with the real economy will help push industries towards the high end of the value chain, promote the transformation of growth mode from factor-driven to innovation-driven, continuously spawn new technologies, new business forms, and new models, and form the core engine for the development of new quality productive forces.

深入实施“人工智能+”行动，是培育发展新质生产力的内在要求。习近平总书记强调：“科技创新是发展新质生产力的核心要素。”作为新一轮科技革命的重要驱动力量，当前人工智能的快速发展与我国培育发展新质生产力、推动高质量发展形成历史性交汇。人工智能具有溢出带动性很强的“头雁”效应，通过对资本、劳动、技术、数据等要素创新性配置，显著提升全要素生产率，促进生产力革命性跃升。实施“人工智能+”行动，积极推动人工智能和实体经济深度融合，有助于推动产业向价值链高端迈进，促进增长方式从要素驱动转向创新驱动，不断催生新技术、新业态、新模式，形成新质生产力发展的核心引擎。

Deeply implementing the “AI+” action is an important pathway to meet the people’s needs for a better life. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasised: “The combination of artificial intelligence with ensuring and improving people’s livelihood must be strengthened. Proceeding from the need to ensure and improve people’s livelihood and create a better life for the people, we must promote the deep application of artificial intelligence in people’s daily work, study, and life, creating more intelligent ways of working and living.” Implementing the “AI+” action requires seizing prominent contradictions and difficulties in the field of people’s livelihood, strengthening the deep application of artificial intelligence in key areas that concern the vital interests of the people, such as medical care, education, transportation, assistance for the disabled and elderly care, and promoting the sharing of artificial intelligence development achievements by all the people.

深入实施“人工智能+”行动，是满足人民美好生活需要的重要途径。习近平总书记强调：“要加强人工智能同保障和改善民生的结合，从保障和改善民生、为人民创造美好生活的需要出发，推动人工智能在人们日常工作、学习、生活中的深度运用，创造更加智能的工作方式和生活方式。”实施“人工智能+”行动，要抓住民生领域突出矛盾和难点，加强人工智能在医疗、教育、交通、助残养老等关系群众切身利益的重点领域深度应用，促进全体人民共享人工智能发展成果。

Deeply implementing the “AI+” action is a positive measure to help the world participate equally in the process of intelligent development. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasised: “Artificial intelligence can be an international public good that benefits humanity.” Currently, the development of artificial intelligence faces challenges such as the fragmentation and camp-based nature of global governance mechanisms, and the gap in intelligent development among countries is widening. There is an urgent need to improve the global governance system and work together for win-win development. China’s deep implementation of the “AI+” action, building an artificial intelligence ecosystem with world influence, deepening high-level openness in the field of artificial intelligence, and promoting the open-source availability of artificial intelligence technology will help form a global governance framework and standard with broad consensus, and assist all countries in participating equally in the global intelligent development process.

深入实施“人工智能+”行动，是助力全球平等参与智能化发展进程的积极举措。习近平总书记强调：“人工智能可以是造福人类的国际公共产品。”当前，人工智能发展面临全球治理机制碎片化、阵营化等挑战，各国智能化发展差距不断加大，亟需完善全球治理体系，携手共赢发展。我国深入实施“人工智能+”行动，打造具有世界影响力的人工智能生态，深化人工智能领域高水平开放，推动人工智能技术开源可及，有助于推动形成具有广泛共识的全球治理框架和标准规范，助力各国平等参与全球智能化发展进程。

Comprehensively Grasp the Advantageous Conditions for Deeply Implementing the “AI+” Action

全面把握深入实施“人工智能+”行动的优势条件

Under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, China’s artificial intelligence has developed rapidly, with its overall strength achieving a holistic and systematic leap, and its development advantages becoming more prominent. At the same time, China has abundant data resources, a complete industrial system, numerous application scenarios, vast market space, and rich talent resources, creating favourable conditions and laying a solid foundation for deeply implementing the “AI+” action.

在党中央、国务院的坚强领导下，我国人工智能快速发展，综合实力实现整体性、系统性跃升，发展优势进一步凸显，同时数据资源丰富、产业体系完备、应用场景多、市场空间大、人才资源富集，为深入实施“人工智能+”行动创造有利条件、奠定良好基础。

Abundant data resources provide key factor support. Data is a key “raw material” for artificial intelligence model training and iteration. Its scale, quality, diversity, and timeliness directly determine the upper limit of artificial intelligence performance. Currently, with the development of large model technology, the demand for high-quality corpus data is expanding from general-purpose to professional, scenario-based, and multimodal in depth. Relying on its foundation in networking and digital construction, China has accumulated a super-large scale, rich variety, and dynamic real-time data resource. In 2024, the total national data production reached 41.06 zettabytes, accounting for 26.67% of the global total data volume, and the data volume used for artificial intelligence development, training, and inference increased by 40.95% year on year.

丰富的数据资源提供了关键要素支撑。数据作为人工智能模型训练和迭代的关键“原料”，其规模、质量、多样性和时效性直接决定人工智能的性能上限。当前，随着大模型技术发展，对高质量语料数据的需求正从通用化向专业化、场景化、多模态纵深拓展。我国依托网络化、数字化建设基础，积累起规模超大、类型丰富、动态鲜活的数据资源。2024年，全国数据生产总量达41.06泽字节（ZB），占全球数据总量的26.67%，用于人工智能开发、训练和推理的数据量同比增长40.95%。

The complete industrial system provides a strong material and technical guarantee. As the only country in the world with all industrial categories in the United Nations industrial classification, China has an industrial system covering 41 major categories, 207 medium categories, and 666 minor categories, with the output of over 200 major industrial products ranking first in the world. This industrial ecosystem, with complete chains, comprehensive supporting facilities, and complete factors, provides full-chain support for artificial intelligence technology from R&D verification and product design to manufacturing and delivery, greatly promoting the rapid transformation of technological innovation into products and services, and forming a unique advantage for promoting large-scale application of artificial intelligence.

完备的产业体系提供了强大物质技术保障。我国作为全球唯一拥有联合国产业分类中全部工业门类的国家，具备41个大类、207个中类、666个小类的工业体系，200多种主要工业品产量全球第一。这一链条完整、配套齐全、要素完备的产业生态，为人工智能技术从研发验证、产品设计到制造交付提供了全链条支撑，将极大促进技术创新迅速转化为产品与服务，形成推动人工智能实现规模化落地应用的独特优势。

Rich application scenarios provide vast development space. The vitality of artificial intelligence lies in application. The complex constraints and diverse needs in real scenarios continuously drive the evolution and performance improvement of artificial intelligence technology. China has a complete and multi-level application ecosystem, covering key areas such as intelligent manufacturing, smart medical care, digital finance, intelligent transportation, and smart education, providing the best “testing ground” for the training of advanced capabilities of artificial intelligence, especially complex reasoning, dynamic decision-making, and adaptive learning. Currently, China has released more than 1,500 industry models, covering over 50 key industries and fields and over 700 scenarios.

丰富的应用场景提供了广阔的发展空间。人工智能的生命力在于应用，真实场景中复杂的约束条件、多样化需求等，持续驱动人工智能技术演进和性能提升。我国具备类别齐全、层次多样的应用生态，覆盖智能制造、智慧医疗、数字金融、智能交通、智慧教育等关键领域，为人工智能尤其是复杂推理、动态决策和自适应学习等高级能力的锤炼提供了最佳“试验场”。目前，我国已发布超1500个行业模型，覆盖50个重点行业领域、700余个场景。

The enormous market space provides endogenous development impetus. China has a population of over 1.4 billion, about 200 million business entities, and a middle-income group of over 400 million, remaining the world’s second-largest commodity consumption market and largest online retail market for more than ten consecutive years. The huge population base, continuously upgrading consumption capacity, and strong enterprise innovation vitality are conducive to diluting R&D costs, accelerating technology iteration and upgrading, and promoting application standardisation, providing broad market space for promoting new-generation artificial intelligence terminals, agents, and other artificial intelligence applications.

巨大的市场空间提供了内生发展动力。我国拥有14亿多人口、约2亿经营主体和超过4亿的中等收入群体，连续10余年稳居全球第二大商品消费市场和最大网络零售市场。庞大的人口基数、持续升级的消费能力以及强大的企业创新活力，有利于摊薄研发成本、加速技术迭代升级、促进应用标准化，为推动新一代人工智能终端、智能体等人工智能应用提供了广阔市场空间。

The super-large talent pool provides confidence and strength. The theoretical innovation, algorithm breakthroughs, and practical application of artificial intelligence all depend on multi-level, interdisciplinary talent. China has built the world’s largest and highest-quality education system, with the total amount of talent resources, the total amount of scientific and technological human resources, and the total number of R&D personnel all ranking first in the world. There are nearly 10 million software developers, and a solid talent foundation has been accumulated in disciplines such as mathematics, computer science, and engineering, providing strong talent and intellectual support for continuous innovation and large-scale application of artificial intelligence.

超大规模的人才资源提供了信心底气。人工智能的理论创新、算法突破和落地应用均依赖多层次、跨学科人才。我国已建成世界规模最大且有质量的教育体系，人才资源总量、科技人力资源总量、研发人员总量均居世界第一，软件开发者近千万人，在数学、计算机、工程等多学科领域积累了雄厚人才基础，为人工智能持续创新和规模化应用提供了强大人才保障和智力支持。

Strive to Open Up New Prospects for the Development of “AI+” in the New Era

奋力开拓新时代“人工智能+”发展新局面

Deeply implementing “AI+” is a long-term and complex systemic project. The National Development and Reform Commission will, in accordance with the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, closely follow the overall arrangement of the “AI+” action, give full play to its role in overall coordination, strengthen departmental collaboration, central-local linkage, and social participation, widely pool the strength of all parties, form a joint work force, and solidly promote the effectiveness of various tasks.

深入实施“人工智能+”是一项长期、复杂的系统工程。国家发展改革委将按照党中央、国务院决策部署，紧扣“人工智能+”行动总体安排，充分发挥统筹协调作用，加强部门协同、央地联动和社会参与，广泛凝聚各方力量，推动形成工作合力，扎实推进各项工作取得实效。

Build an innovative and vibrant intelligent economy. Accelerate the transformation of the new scientific research paradigm driven by artificial intelligence, speed up the process of major scientific discoveries “from zero to one” and the implementation and iterative breakthrough of technologies “from one to N” [6]6 “From zero to one” and “from one to N” – common metaphors for basic research breakthroughs and subsequent commercialisation or scaling.. Deeply promote the intelligent development of all factors of production across industries, accelerate the intelligent transformation and upgrading of industry, agriculture, and the service sector, develop intelligent native technologies, products, and service systems, and spawn new intelligent native business forms. Strengthen the construction of intelligent consumption infrastructure, promote the “intelligent connection of all things” for intelligent terminals, and let artificial intelligence enter “thousands of households” and “thousands of businesses” [7]7 “Thousands of households” and “thousands of businesses” – idiomatic expressions signifying widespread coverage across all homes and commercial establishments..

构建创新活跃的智能经济。加快推动人工智能驱动的新型科研范式变革，加速“从0到1”重大科学发现进程、“从1到N”技术落地和迭代突破。深入推动产业全要素智能化发展，加快工业、农业、服务业智能化转型升级，发展智能原生技术、产品和服务体系，催生智能原生新业态。加强智能消费基础设施建设，推动智能终端“万物智联”，让人工智能走进“千家万户”“千商万店”。

Build a warmer intelligent society. Give priority to lowering the application threshold of artificial intelligence technology in areas of people’s livelihood such as employment, health, elderly care, education, and culture, and accelerate the inclusive application of artificial intelligence products and services such as health assistants and intelligent study companions. Orderly promote the application of artificial intelligence in social governance, safety governance, and ecological governance, forming an efficient and diversified governance pattern. Treat artificial intelligence as an international public good for the benefit of humanity, promote the inclusive sharing of artificial intelligence, and help all countries participate equally in the process of intelligent development.

打造更有温度的智能社会。优先在就业、健康、养老、教育、文化等民生领域降低人工智能技术应用门槛，加快健康助手、智能学伴等人工智能产品与服务的普惠化应用。有序推进人工智能在社会治理、安全治理、生态治理等中的应用，形成高效多元的治理格局。把人工智能作为造福人类的国际公共产品，推动人工智能普惠共享，助力各国平等参与智能化进程。

Strengthen factor support for artificial intelligence development. Accelerate the construction of high-quality corpora and industry datasets, improve systems on data property rights, copyright, and income distribution, and strengthen data supply innovation. Overall plan and deploy intelligent computing infrastructure, give full play to the role of the “East-West Computing Transfer” [5]5 “East-West Computing Transfer” – a national project to optimise computing resource allocation by transferring data processing to western regions with abundant energy. national hub, and strengthen the coordinated allocation of resources such as data, computing power, electricity, and networks. Vigorously promote original innovation and open-source ecosystem cultivation, support multi-path technological exploration and basic architecture innovation, and enhance basic model capabilities. Strengthen the introduction and training of artificial intelligence talent, and create a new model for leading talent cultivation with unconventional measures.

强化人工智能发展的要素支撑。加快高质量语料库和行业数据集建设，完善数据产权和版权、收益分配等制度，加强数据供给创新。统筹布局智算基础设施，充分发挥“东数西算”国家枢纽作用，强化数、算、电、网等资源协同配置。大力推进原始创新与开源生态培育，支持多路径技术探索和基础架构创新，提升模型基础能力。加强人工智能人才引育，超常规构建领军人才培养新模式。

Improve the innovative development environment for artificial intelligence application. Strengthen the demonstration and leading role of government departments and state-owned enterprises, improve the application trial and error tolerance management system, and promote the orderly opening of key and critical scenarios. Increase financial and fiscal support in the field of artificial intelligence, improve risk-sharing and investment exit mechanisms, and further stimulate the vitality of the artificial intelligence investment and financing market. Plan and build a batch of national artificial intelligence application pilot testing bases, build industry application common platforms, lower the threshold for application innovation, and promote the efficient transformation of innovation achievements. Promote the integrated development of large, medium, and small enterprises, accelerate the coordinated development of the upstream and downstream of the artificial intelligence industry chain, and build an artificial intelligence industry ecosystem with shared resources, complementary capabilities, and positive interaction.

完善人工智能应用的创新发展环境。强化政府部门和国有企业示范引领作用，完善应用试错容错管理制度，推动关键重点场景有序开放。加大人工智能领域金融和财政支持力度，完善风险分担和投资退出机制，进一步激发人工智能投融资市场活力。布局建设一批国家人工智能应用中试基地，搭建行业应用共性平台，降低应用创新门槛，促进创新成果高效转化。推动大中小企业融通发展，加快人工智能产业链上下游协同发展，构建资源共享、能力互补、良性互动的人工智能产业生态。

Build a strong safety line for artificial intelligence application. Vigorously support the development of artificial intelligence skills training, stimulate the vitality of artificial intelligence innovation, entrepreneurship, and re-employment, guide innovation resources to tilt towards directions with potential for creating employment, strengthen the assessment of artificial intelligence application employment risks, and reduce the impact on employment. Promote the construction of security capabilities for model algorithms, data resources, infrastructure, and application systems, establish and improve the artificial intelligence technology monitoring, risk warning, and emergency response systems, accelerate the formation of a dynamic, agile, and multi-collaborative artificial intelligence governance pattern, and promote the compliance, transparency, and trustworthiness of artificial intelligence applications.

筑牢人工智能应用的安全防线。大力支持开展人工智能技能培训，激发人工智能创新创业和再就业活力，引导创新资源向创造就业潜力大的方向倾斜，加强人工智能应用就业风险评估，减少对就业的冲击。推动模型算法、数据资源、基础设施、应用系统等安全能力建设，建立健全人工智能技术监测、风险预警、应急响应体系，加快形成动态敏捷、多元协同的人工智能治理格局，推动人工智能应用合规、透明、可信赖。