Solid Steps in Chinese-Path Modernization — A Dialogue with Wang Yiming, Vice Chairman of the China Center for International Economic Exchanges

Five years of cultivation have tempered something extraordinary. The period of the 14th Five-Year Plan has carved a deep imprint on the magnificent voyage of the Chinese economy. In these five years, we not only stabilized the overall economic situation under complex and severe conditions, but also took solid steps on the new journey of advancing Chinese-path modernization through high-quality development. The rise in macroeconomic data outlines the general trend of development, yet the strategic choices, policy wisdom, and laws of development embedded in these achievements merit deeper exploration. As the world’s second-largest economy, China’s high-quality development concerns not only its own modernization process but also holds decisive significance for the stability and growth of the world economy. To systematically review the development achievements of the 14th Five-Year Plan period, decode the sources of the Chinese economy’s resilience, and analyze important future directions for development, this edition of “Dialogue with Economists” specially invites Wang Yiming, Vice Chairman of the China Center for International Economic Exchanges, to provide an in-depth explanation.

五年耕耘，淬炼不凡。“十四五”时期在中国经济波澜壮阔的航程中刻下了深深的印记。这五年，我们不仅在复杂严峻的形势下稳住了经济大盘，更在以高质量发展推进中国式现代化的新征程上迈出了坚实步伐。宏观数据的跃升勾勒出发展大势，而成就背后所蕴含的战略抉择、政策智慧以及发展规律，更值得深入探寻。作为全球第二大经济体，中国的高质量发展既关乎自身的现代化进程，也对世界经济的稳定与增长具有举足轻重的意义。为系统梳理“十四五”时期发展成就、解码中国经济韧性来源、解析未来发展重要方向，本期“对话经济学家”特邀请中国国际经济交流中心副理事长王一鸣进行深入阐释。

Development Achievements: Grasping the Comprehensive Leap in Quantity, Quality, and Efficiency

发展成就： 把握量质效的全面跃升

Reporter: During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, China’s economy achieved multiple goals at the macro level: steady growth in scale, effective improvement in quality, and continuous optimization of structure. If you were to summarize the most prominent progress of this period from the three dimensions of scale, quality, and structure, how would you characterize it? What profound impact has this progress had on the stability and evolution of the world economic landscape?

记者：“十四五”时期，我国经济在宏观上实现了规模稳步增长、质量有效提升、结构持续优化的多重目标。如果从规模、质量、结构这三个维度，综合评价这一时期最突出的进展，您会如何概括？这种进展对世界经济格局的稳定与演变，产生了怎样的深远影响？

Wang Yiming: During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, the external environment for China’s development was severe and complex, while domestic tasks of reform, development, and stability were arduous and heavy. Many situations had not been encountered since reform and opening up. Internationally, the once-in-a-century changes unseen in a century are accelerating, a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation is developing rapidly, international power dynamics are undergoing profound adjustment, the impact of the century-old pandemic [n1] is far-reaching, geopolitical conflicts are intensifying, the trend of anti-globalization is rising, and unilateralism and protectionism are markedly increasing. The world has entered a period of turbulence and transformation. Domestically, the problem of unbalanced and inadequate development remains prominent, scientific and technological innovation capacity needs further improvement, pressure on ecological and environmental protection remains significant, and the task of promoting high-quality development is still arduous. Facing the complex and changing domestic and international situation, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has united and led the people of the whole country to effectively respond to various risks and challenges, concentrate efforts on handling our own affairs well, and significantly enhance China’s economic strength, scientific and technological strength, and comprehensive national power, markedly raising China’s position in the world development landscape.

王一鸣：“十四五”时期，我国发展的外部环境严峻复杂，国内改革发展稳定任务繁重艰巨，很多情况是改革开放以来没有碰到过的。从国际看，世界百年未有之大变局加速演进，新一轮科技革命和产业变革迅猛发展，国际力量对比深刻调整，世纪疫情影响深远，地缘政治冲突加剧，逆全球化思潮抬头，单边主义、保护主义明显上升，世界进入动荡变革期。从国内看，发展不平衡不充分问题仍然突出，科技创新能力有待进一步提升，生态环境保护压力依然较大，推动高质量发展的任务仍然艰巨。面对复杂多变的国内外形势，以习近平同志为核心的党中央团结带领全国人民，有效应对各种风险和挑战，集中力量办好自己的事，我国经济实力、科技实力和综合国力显著增强，在世界发展格局中的位势明显提升。

First, economic scale has reached a new level. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, the gross domestic product (GDP) successively crossed three major thresholds of 110 trillion yuan, 120 trillion yuan, and 130 trillion yuan, and is expected to reach 140 trillion yuan in 2025, consolidating and enhancing China’s status as the world’s second-largest economy. The economic increment during the 14th Five-Year Plan period is expected to exceed 35 trillion yuan, larger than the total economic output in 2008, and roughly equivalent to the sum of the economic output of China’s top three provinces — Guangdong, Jiangsu, and Shandong. In international comparison, this increment also exceeds the total economic output of the world’s third-largest economy. In the first four years of the 14th Five-Year Plan, China’s GDP grew at an average annual rate of about 5.5%. If the expected growth target of 5% is achieved in 2025, the average annual growth rate for the 14th Five-Year Plan period will reach about 5.4%. At the same time, China’s per capita GDP has surpassed the world average, ranking among the forefront of upper-middle-income countries. For such a large-scale economy to sustain such a growth rate while withstanding the impact of various risks and challenges continues the miracle of rapid economic growth.

首先，经济规模迈上新台阶。“十四五”时期，国内生产总值（GDP）连续跨越110万亿元、120万亿元、130万亿元三个大台阶，2025年预计可达140万亿元，我国作为世界第二大经济体的地位巩固提升。“十四五”时期我国经济增量预计超过35万亿元，大于2008年的经济总量，大体相当于我国排名前三的广东、江苏、山东三个省的经济总量之和。从国际比较看，这一增量也超过世界排名第3位经济体的经济总量。“十四五”前4年，我国国内生产总值年均增长5.5%左右，如果2025年实现5%的预期增长目标，“十四五”时期年均增速将达到5.4%左右。与此同时，我国人均国内生产总值超过世界平均水平，位居中等偏上收入国家前列。如此大规模的经济体，在经受各种风险挑战的冲击下，还能持续保持这样的增速，延续了经济快速增长的奇迹。

Second, development quality has achieved a new improvement. These five years have been five years in which high-quality development has been solidly advanced and the quality of economic development has been effectively enhanced. Major progress has been made in building an innovative country. The intensity of R&D expenditure as a share of GDP rose from 2.40% in 2020 to 2.69% in 2024, and the ranking in the Global Innovation Index rose from 14th to 10th. The construction of a modern industrial system has been accelerated. Emerging industries such as artificial intelligence, robotics, and biomedicine are rising rapidly. Digital-intelligent technology is deeply integrating with manufacturing and service industries, and industrial development is moving toward the mid-to-high end. The production and sales of new energy vehicles, the installed capacity of new energy power generation, and the international market share of ships and marine engineering equipment are firmly ranked first globally. Positive results have been achieved in the innovative development of major equipment and key industries. The C919 large passenger aircraft has entered commercial operation, the F-class 50-megawatt heavy-duty gas turbine has been successfully commercialized, domestically produced nuclear magnetic resonance instruments have achieved mass production, and a batch of landmark achievements have been made in key industrial chains such as integrated circuits, machine tools, and medical equipment. Production efficiency has continued to improve, with overall labor productivity rising to about 174,000 yuan per person in 2024.

其次，发展质量实现新提升。这5年，是高质量发展扎实推进、经济发展质量有效提升的5年。创新型国家建设取得重大进展，全社会研发经费投入强度由2020年的2.40%提高至2024年的2.69%，全球创新指数排名由第14位上升到第10位。现代化产业体系加快建设，人工智能、机器人、生物医药等新兴产业加快崛起，数智技术与制造业、服务业深度融合，产业发展向中高端迈进。新能源汽车产销量、新能源发电装机量、船舶与海洋工程装备国际市场份额等稳居全球第一。重大装备和重点产业创新发展取得积极成效，C919大型客机投入商业运营，F级50兆瓦重型燃气轮机成功商用，国产核磁共振仪器实现量产，集成电路、工业母机、医疗装备等重点产业链取得了一批标志性成果。生产效率持续改善，全员劳动生产率提升至2024年的约17.4万元/人。

Third, structural adjustment has made new progress. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, the economic structure was continuously optimized. From the perspective of industrial structure, the ratio of primary, secondary, and tertiary industries adjusted from 7.5:36.9:55.5 in 2020 to 6.8:36.5:56.7 in 2024, with the share of the service sector increasing significantly. Advanced manufacturing has expanded rapidly, and the pace of industrial upgrading has accelerated. The share of value added from equipment manufacturing and high-tech manufacturing in the total value added of industrial enterprises above the designated size rose to 34.6% and 16.3%, respectively. In 2024, the output of new energy vehicles exceeded 13 million units, and the international market share of the shipbuilding industry led globally. From the perspective of demand structure, from 2021 to 2024, the average contribution of domestic demand to economic growth was 86.8%, of which the average contribution of final consumption expenditure reached 59.9%, an increase of 11.1 percentage points compared with the 13th Five-Year Plan period, while the average contribution of capital formation to economic growth was about 30%. From the perspective of urban-rural structure, new-type urbanization has been steadily advanced. The urbanization rate of the permanent resident population rose from 63.89% in 2020 to 67.0% in 2024, the pace of granting urban residency to rural migrant workers accelerated, and the ratio of per capita disposable income between urban and rural residents narrowed from 2.56:1 to 2.34:1 over the same period. From the perspective of regional structure, the innovation-leading role of the eastern region has strengthened, the pace of opening up in the central and western regions has accelerated, the economy in the northeast region has stabilized and rebounded, and the balance and coordination of regional development have been continuously enhanced.

再次，结构调整取得新进展。“十四五”时期经济结构持续优化。从产业结构看，一二三次产业结构由2020年的7.5∶36.9∶55.5调整为2024年的6.8∶36.5∶56.7，服务业占比明显提高。先进制造加速壮大，产业升级步伐加快，装备制造业和高技术制造业增加值占规上工业比重分别提升到34.6%和16.3%。2024年，新能源汽车产量突破1300万辆，造船业国际市场份额全球领先。从需求结构看，2021年至2024年，内需对经济增长的平均贡献率为86.8%，其中最终消费支出的平均贡献率达到59.9%，比“十三五”期间提高11.1个百分点，资本形成对经济增长的平均贡献率为30%左右。从城乡结构看，新型城镇化稳步推进，常住人口城镇化率由2020年的63.89%上升到2024年的67.0%，农业转移人口市民化步伐加快，同期城乡居民人均可支配收入之比由2.56∶1降至2.34∶1。从区域结构看，东部地区创新引领作用增强，中西部地区开放步伐加快，东北地区经济企稳回升，区域发展的平衡性协调性不断增强。

China’s economic development has not only changed itself but also influenced the world. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, China’s contribution to world economic growth remained at around 30%, making it the most stable source of power for world economic growth. As a super-large economy, its development spillover effects are significant. In 2024, China’s total import and export of goods reached 43.8 trillion yuan, a record high, maintaining its position as the world’s largest trader in goods for eight consecutive years. The export of high-quality and low-priced goods has created favorable conditions for many countries to maintain price stability and improve national welfare. China’s exported wind and photovoltaic products cumulatively reduced carbon emissions for other countries by approximately 4.1 billion tons during the 14th Five-Year Plan period, making a significant contribution to global low-carbon transformation. China has actively and proactively expanded imports, creating vast market opportunities for other countries and powerfully driving world economic growth.

中国经济发展不仅改变了自己，也影响了世界。“十四五”时期，我国对世界经济增长的贡献率保持在30%左右，成为世界经济增长最稳定的动力源。作为超大规模经济体，发展外溢效应显著。2024年我国货物进出口总额达43.8万亿元，规模创历史新高，连续8年保持全球货物贸易第一大国地位。价廉物美商品的出口，为许多国家保持物价稳定、提高国民福利创造了有利条件。我国出口的风电光伏产品，“十四五”期间累计为其他国家减少碳排放约41亿吨，为全球低碳转型作出重大贡献。我国积极主动扩大进口，为世界其他国家创造了广阔的市场机会，有力带动了世界经济增长。

Reporter: Adhering to the new development philosophy of innovation, coordination, greenness, openness, and sharing is an important principle guiding economic and social development during the 14th Five-Year Plan period. In your view, how were these five concepts concretely transformed from top-level design into vivid practice across various regions and fields, ultimately forging the unique resilience and vitality of China’s economic development?

记者：坚持创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的新发展理念，是“十四五”时期经济社会发展遵循的重要原则。在您看来，这五大理念是如何从顶层设计具体转化为各地区、各领域的生动实践，并最终铸就了我国经济发展独特韧性与活力的？

Wang Yiming: During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, China adhered to the guidance of the new development philosophy, continuously opening up new fields and new tracks for development, and shaping new drivers and new advantages for development.

王一鸣：“十四五”时期，我国坚持以新发展理念为引领，不断开辟发展新领域新赛道，塑造发展新动能新优势。

First, notable results have been achieved in innovation-driven development. Over these five years, the innovation-driven development strategy has been deeply implemented, and breakthroughs have been made in tackling key core technologies. The Tiangong space station has shifted to routine operations, the Chang’e-6 mission achieved sample return from the far side of the moon, and the Haidou-1 completed a 10,000-meter deep-sea test. 5G communications have seen large-scale application, and the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System provides global precision services. The production and sales of new-energy vehicles remain firmly in first place worldwide, and the CR450 bullet train has consolidated and expanded China’s leading edge in high-speed rail technology globally. The world’s first fourth-generation nuclear power plant has been commercially commissioned and put into operation; ultra-high-voltage power transmission and transformation is world-leading; and installed capacity for photovoltaic and wind power ranks first in the world. In 2024, the added value of high-tech manufacturing above designated size increased by 42% compared with the end of the 13th Five-Year Plan period; the added value of the “three new” economy [2]2 The “three new” economy (三新经济) refers to new industries, new business forms, and new business models, a statistical category used by China’s National Bureau of Statistics to capture emerging economic activities. accounted for 18% of GDP; and frontier fields such as artificial intelligence and biotechnology are forming new drivers of economic growth.

一是创新发展成效显著。这5年，创新驱动发展战略深入实施，关键核心技术攻关取得突破。“天宫”空间站转入常态化运营，“嫦娥六号”实现月背采样返回，“海斗一号”完成万米海试。5G通信实现大规模应用，北斗导航提供全球精准服务。新能源汽车产销量稳居世界首位，CR450动车组巩固扩大高铁技术世界领跑优势。全球首座第四代核电站商运投产，特高压输变电世界领先，光伏、风电装机容量居世界首位。2024年，规上高技术制造业增加值较“十三五”末增长42%；“三新”经济增加值占GDP的比重达到18%；人工智能、生物科技等前沿领域正在形成新的经济增长动能。

Second, coordinated development has been solidly advanced. New results have been achieved in coordinated regional development, and major regional strategies have been deeply implemented. The level of coordinated development in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region has been continuously raised, major phased results have been achieved in the construction of Xiong’an New Area, and the effort to relieve Beijing of functions non-essential to its role as the capital has achieved initial results. Green development along the Yangtze River Economic Belt has been vigorously promoted, with notable results in rectifying prominent ecological and environmental problems and in the “4+1” pollution control project [3]3 The “4+1” pollution control project (污染治理“4+1”工程) refers to a set of measures for the Yangtze River Economic Belt targeting four specific types of pollution (urban sewage, chemical industry, agricultural non-point source, and ship pollution) plus a comprehensive remediation of solid waste.. Infrastructure connectivity and rule alignment in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area have been continuously deepened, and the construction of major cooperation platforms such as Hengqin, Qianhai, Nansha, and Hetao has been advanced. The level of integration in key areas such as infrastructure, ecological environment, and public services in the Yangtze River Delta has been significantly raised, and the integrated development of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation has been actively promoted. The construction of a pioneering zone for ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin has been accelerated, and the quality of the basin’s ecological environment has been continuously improved. The level and quality of urbanization have been steadily raised, the coverage of basic urban public services for the non-registered resident population has been continuously expanded, urban infrastructure and public services have been continuously extended to cover rural areas, and the institutional mechanisms and policy system for integrated urban-rural development have been further improved.

二是协调发展扎实推进。区域协调发展取得新成效，区域重大战略深入实施。京津冀协同发展水平不断提升，雄安新区建设取得重大阶段性成果，疏解北京非首都功能初见成效。长江经济带绿色发展有力推进，生态环境突出问题整改、污染治理“4+1”工程成效明显。粤港澳大湾区基础设施联通和规则衔接不断深化，横琴、前海、南沙、河套等重大合作平台建设深入推进。长三角基础设施、生态环境、公共服务等重点领域一体化水平明显提升，科技创新与产业创新融合发展积极推进。黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展先行区加快建设，流域生态环境质量持续提升。城镇化水平和质量稳步提升，城镇基本公共服务对非户籍常住人口覆盖范围持续扩大，城镇基础设施和公共服务持续向乡村延伸覆盖，城乡融合发展体制机制和政策体系进一步健全。

Third, green development has made clear progress. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, the battle against pollution has been pushed deeper, positive results have been achieved in the work on carbon peak and carbon neutrality, and solid steps have been taken in green development. The world’s largest and fastest-growing renewable energy system has been built; the share of installed renewable energy power generation capacity has risen from 40% to about 60%; the share of non-fossil energy in national energy consumption has increased by one percentage point each year; and it is expected that the 20% target set in the 14th Five-Year Plan will be exceeded. A “1+N” policy system for carbon peak and carbon neutrality has been formed, the world’s largest carbon emissions trading market has been built and is operating stably, covering more than 60% of the country’s carbon emissions. The national voluntary greenhouse gas emissions reduction trading market has been launched, and the establishment of a product carbon footprint management system has been accelerated. Green finance has developed more quickly, and the green industry has become a new force driving economic growth.

三是绿色发展进展明显。“十四五”时期，污染防治攻坚战向纵深推进，碳达峰碳中和工作取得积极成效，绿色发展迈出坚实步伐。构建起全球最大、发展最快的可再生能源体系，可再生能源发电装机占比由40%提升至60%左右，全国能源消费中非化石能源占比每年增加1个百分点，预计将超额完成“十四五”确定的20%目标。形成碳达峰碳中和“1+N”政策体系，建成全球规模最大的碳排放权交易市场并稳定运行，覆盖了全国60%以上的碳排放量。启动全国温室气体自愿减排交易市场，加快建立产品碳足迹管理体系。绿色金融加快发展，绿色产业成为推动经济增长的新生力量。

Fourth, open development has been continuously deepened. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, the pace of high-level opening up has accelerated. The scale of trade in goods remains firmly first in the world, with the export share of the international market stable at over 14%, consolidating and raising China’s position as the largest trading country in goods. The scale of trade in services remains firmly second in the world, exceeding US$1 trillion for the first time in 2024. Items on the negative list for foreign investment access have been continuously reduced, all restrictions on foreign investment access in the manufacturing sector have been “cleared to zero,” and pilot openings in service sectors such as value-added telecommunications and biotechnology are being carried out in an orderly manner. Since the start of the 14th Five-Year Plan, the cumulative absorption of foreign capital has exceeded the expected target of US$700 billion. International cooperation on production and supply chains has been advanced in an orderly manner, with the average annual growth rate of outbound investment exceeding 5%, firmly ranking among the top three in the world. Pilot free trade zones have effectively played their role as comprehensive experimental platforms for reform and opening up, actively aligning with high-standard international economic and trade rules and carrying out pilot projects. Autonomous opening up and unilateral opening up have been expanded in an orderly manner, the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) has been implemented with high quality, and the process of actively joining the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) and the Digital Economy Partnership Agreement (DEPA) has been advanced. In 2024, the share of trade in goods with China’s free trade partners (including Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan) reached 43%.

四是开放发展不断深化。“十四五”时期，高水平对外开放步伐加快。货物贸易规模稳居全球第一，出口国际市场份额稳定在14%以上，货物贸易第一大国地位巩固提升。服务贸易规模稳居全球第二，2024年首次超过1万亿美元。外资准入负面清单条目持续缩减，制造业领域外资准入限制已全部“清零”，增值电信、生物技术等服务业领域开放试点有序开展。“十四五”以来累计吸收外资已超过7000亿美元预期目标。产供链国际合作有序推进，对外投资年均增速超过5%，稳居世界前三。自贸试验区有效发挥改革开放综合试验平台作用，主动对接国际高标准经贸规则，开展先行先试。有序扩大自主开放、单边开放，高质量实施《区域全面经济伙伴关系协定》，积极推进加入《全面与进步跨太平洋伙伴关系协定》和《数字经济伙伴关系协定》进程。2024年我国与自贸伙伴（含港澳台）货物贸易占比达到了43%。

Fifth, shared development has been steadily advanced. In recent years, we have strengthened public services that are inclusive, basic, and provide a safety net, raised the level of human capital, promoted the well-rounded development of individuals, and ensured that the fruits of development benefit all the people more and more fairly. The employment-first policy has been strengthened, a series of policies and measures to reduce burdens, stabilize jobs, and expand employment have been introduced, and multiple measures have been taken to promote the employment and entrepreneurship of key groups such as college graduates, veterans, and migrant workers. The quality of the education system has been steadily improved; the gross enrollment rate for preschool education, the retention rate for nine-year compulsory education, the gross enrollment rate for senior secondary education, and the gross enrollment rate for higher education have risen to 92%, 95.9%, 92%, and 60.8% respectively; and the construction of world-class universities and first-class disciplines has been continuously advanced. Adhering to the principle of putting the people and their lives above all else, a major decisive victory was achieved in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic, protecting the people’s lives and health to the greatest extent possible. The health level of residents has been continuously improved, with major health indicators ranking among the upper-middle-income countries. The level of social security has continued to rise, and the coverage of social insurance has been further expanded.

五是共享发展稳步推进。近年来，我们加强普惠性、基础性、兜底性民生建设，提升人力资本水平，促进人的全面发展，让发展成果更多更公平惠及全体人民。强化就业优先政策，出台一系列减负稳岗扩就业政策措施，多措并举促进高校毕业生、退役军人、农民工等重点群体就业创业。教育体系质量稳步提高，学前教育毛入园率、九年义务教育巩固率、高中阶段毛入学率、高等教育毛入学率分别提高到92%、95.9%、92%、60.8%，世界一流大学和一流学科建设接续推进。坚持人民至上、生命至上，取得新冠疫情防控重大决定性胜利，最大限度保护了人民生命安全和身体健康。居民健康水平持续提高，主要健康指标居于中高收入国家前列。社会保障水平继续提高，社会保险覆盖面进一步扩大。

Practice has proven that the new development philosophy has been transformed, through a series of strategic measures, key reforms, and supporting projects, into tangible actions and results in various regions and fields, jointly shaping a new picture of the Chinese economy with a better structure, stronger resilience, greater potential, and more vitality.

实践证明，新发展理念已经通过一系列战略性举措、关键性改革和支撑性工程，转化为各地区、各领域实实在在的行动和成果，共同塑造了中国经济结构更优、韧性更强、潜能更大、活力更足的崭新图景。

Power Transformation: Breakthrough Progress and Upgrading of Comparative Advantages

动力变革：突破性进展与比较优势升级

Reporter: Looking back at the 14th Five-Year Plan, which areas or industries’ breakthrough progress do you consider the most iconic? How have these breakthroughs reshaped the endogenous power structure of our country’s economic growth?

记者：回顾“十四五”，您认为哪些领域或产业的突破性进展最具标志性？这些突破如何重塑我国经济增长的内生动力结构？

Wang Yiming: During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, our country achieved a series of iconic breakthroughs in development. The capacity for scientific and technological innovation has been greatly enhanced, the modern industrial system has been accelerated in its construction, and major progress has been made in the green and low-carbon transition. All these have helped to drive the transformation of the drivers of our country’s economic development.

王一鸣：“十四五”时期，我国在发展上实现了一系列标志性突破，科技创新能力大幅提升，现代化产业体系加速构建，绿色低碳转型取得重大进展，这些都有助于推动我国经济发展动能转换。

First, the capacity for scientific and technological innovation has been greatly enhanced. Investment in science and technology has continued to increase. In 2024, total R&D spending across society exceeded 3.6 trillion yuan, an increase of 48% over 2020; the intensity of R&D spending reached 2.69%, exceeding the average level of EU countries. The level of basic research has been further raised, with basic research funding reaching 249.7 billion yuan, an increase of over 70% compared with 2020. A number of major original achievements have been made in fields such as quantum science and technology, life sciences, materials science, and space science. The number of papers in high-level international journals and the number of international patent applications have remained first in the world for five consecutive years. Comprehensive scientific and technological strength has risen markedly. The international science and technology innovation centers in Beijing, Shanghai, and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area have continuously strengthened their supporting, leading, and radiating roles. The “Shenzhen-Hong Kong-Guangzhou” innovation cluster has jumped to the top of the global top 100 innovation clusters, and the construction of regional science and technology innovation centers in Chengdu-Chongqing, Wuhan, and Xi’an has also been accelerated.

其一，科技创新能力大幅提升。科技投入持续增加，2024年全社会研发经费投入超3.6万亿元，较2020年增长48%；研发经费投入强度达到2.69%，超过欧盟国家平均水平。基础研究水平进一步提升，基础研究经费达到2497亿元，较2020年增长70%以上，在量子科技、生命科学、物质科学、空间科学等领域取得一批重大原创性成果，高水平国际期刊论文数量和国际专利申请量连续5年保持世界第一。综合科技实力明显上升，北京、上海、粤港澳大湾区的国际科创中心支撑引领和辐射带动作用不断增强，“深圳—香港—广州”创新集群跃居全球百强创新集群榜首，成渝、武汉、西安区域科创中心建设亦加快推进。

Second, the modern industrial system has been accelerated in its construction. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, our country’s new-type industrialization achieved new progress and new accomplishments. The international competitiveness of the manufacturing industry has been enhanced; the added value of manufacturing accounts for nearly 30% of the global share, and the overall scale has remained first in the world for 15 consecutive years. The advantage of a complete and comprehensive manufacturing sector with all categories is even more evident: among the world’s 504 major industrial products, the output of most of our country’s products ranks first in the world. In the field of advanced manufacturing, technologies such as artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and big data are empowering traditional manufacturing to move toward intelligent manufacturing. The number of “lighthouse factories” in our country ranks first in the world, accounting for over 40% of the global total. The level of autonomous controllability of key industrial chains has been steadily raised, and a number of iconic results have been achieved in key industrial chains such as integrated circuits, machine tools, and medical equipment. The process of digitalization, intelligentization, and high-end development in manufacturing has accelerated, and the world’s largest and most extensive network infrastructure has been built. Artificial intelligence is empowering thousands of industries, the application and promotion of a new generation of intelligent terminals and intelligent agents are accelerating, and the newly installed volume of industrial robots accounts for over 50% of the global share.

其二，现代化产业体系加速构建。“十四五”时期，我国新型工业化取得新进展新成就。制造业国际竞争力增强，制造业增加值占全球比重接近30%，总体规模连续15年保持全球第一。制造业门类齐全、体系完整优势更加明显，在全世界504种主要工业产品中，我国大多数产品的产量位居世界第一。在先进制造领域，人工智能、物联网、大数据技术等赋能传统制造向智能制造迈进，我国“灯塔工厂”数量全球第一，占比超40%。重点产业链自主可控水平稳步提升，集成电路、工业母机、医疗装备等重点产业链取得了一批标志性成果。制造业数字化、智能化、高端化进程加快，建成全球最大、覆盖最广的网络基础设施。人工智能赋能千行百业，新一代智能终端、智能体加速应用推广，工业机器人新增装机量占全球比重超过了50%。

Third, major progress has been made in the green and low-carbon transition. The annual newly installed capacity of wind and solar power has successively broken through the thresholds of 100 million, 200 million, and 300 million kilowatts, a pace and intensity unprecedented in history. Photovoltaic conversion efficiency and the single-unit capacity of offshore wind turbines have repeatedly set world records. Cumulative sales of new-energy vehicles nationwide have exceeded 40 million units, with production and sales volumes maintaining the global top spot for ten consecutive years. New achievements have been made in the battle against pollution. In 2024, the concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in cities at the prefectural level and above fell to 29.3 micrograms per cubic meter, a decrease of 16.3% compared with 2020; the proportion of days with good air quality reached 87.2%, an increase of 2.4 percentage points over 2020. The proportion of surface water sections with excellent or good quality reached 90.4%, exceeding 90% for the first time, and the water quality of the main streams of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River has maintained Class II for several consecutive years. The national strategy for actively responding to climate change has been deeply implemented, carbon peak and carbon neutrality have been advanced steadily and prudently, and the intensity of carbon dioxide emissions has continued to decline. The construction of the national carbon market has been actively promoted, establishing the world’s largest carbon emissions trading market in terms of greenhouse gas emissions covered. In 2025, the steel, cement, and aluminum smelting industries were newly included, and the national voluntary greenhouse gas emissions reduction trading market was launched. Standards for product carbon footprint accounting have been improved, promoting the international alignment and mutual recognition of carbon footprint accounting rules and standards. China’s ecological and environmental conditions have achieved a historic turning point: hazy and smoggy weather is becoming increasingly rare, while blue skies, white clouds, lucid waters, and lush mountains are becoming more and more abundant.

其三，绿色低碳转型取得重大进展。风电光伏每年新增装机先后突破1亿、2亿、3亿千瓦关口，发展速度和力度前所未有。光伏转换效率、海上风电单机容量等不断刷新世界纪录。全国新能源汽车累计销售突破4000万辆，产销量连续10年保持全球第一。污染防治攻坚战取得新成效。2024年，全国地级及以上城市细颗粒物（PM_2.5）浓度下降至29.3微克/立方米，比2020年下降16.3%，优良天数比例达到87.2%，比2020年上升2.4个百分点；地表水优良水质断面比例为90.4%，首次超过90%，长江、黄河全线干流水质连续多年保持Ⅱ类。深入实施积极应对气候变化国家战略，积极稳妥推进碳达峰碳中和，二氧化碳排放强度持续下降。积极推进全国碳市场建设，建成全球覆盖温室气体排放量最大的碳排放权交易市场，2025年新纳入钢铁、水泥、铝冶炼行业，启动全国温室气体自愿减排交易市场。健全产品碳足迹核算标准，推动碳足迹核算规则标准实现国际衔接互认。我国生态环境状况实现历史性转折，雾霾天气越来越少，蓝天白云、绿水青山越来越多。

Reporter: These breakthroughs in various fields also indicate that the comparative advantages with which our country participates in global competition are continuously upgrading. Our traditional advantage lay in low-cost labor, whereas now new advantages centered on a super-large-scale market and a complete industrial chain have taken shape. How should we understand this upgrading of comparative advantages?

记者：这些领域的突破也标志着我国参与全球竞争的比较优势正在不断升级。我们传统的优势在于劳动力低成本，而现在形成了以超大规模市场、完整产业链等为核心的新优势。如何理解这种比较优势的升级？

Wang Yiming: In the period following reform and opening up, our country mainly relied on the advantage of low-cost labor to participate in international competition. In recent years, as this low-cost advantage has gradually weakened, cultivating new advantages has become more urgent. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, our country’s advantages in the super-large-scale market, the complete industrial chain, scientific and technological innovation, the digital economy, and new energy have gradually taken shape and are being transformed into new comprehensive competitive advantages, propelling our country’s industries toward the mid-to-high end of the global value chain.

王一鸣：改革开放后一个时期，我国主要依靠劳动力低成本优势参与国际竞争，近年来随着低成本优势逐步减弱，培育新的优势更为紧迫。“十四五”时期，我国超大规模市场优势、完整产业链优势、科技创新优势、数字经济和新能源优势等逐步形成，正在转化为新的综合竞争优势，推动我国产业迈向全球价值链中高端。

The advantage of the super-large-scale market lies in its ability to spread the costs of manufacturing R&D, investment, logistics, marketing, and procurement, providing ample space for realizing economies of scale and reducing comprehensive costs. The advantage of the complete industrial chain has created strong industrial supporting capabilities and comprehensive cost advantages. Scientific and technological innovation is active, which is conducive to the marketization and iterative upgrading of scientific and technological achievements, supporting the development of emerging industries and the construction of a modern industrial system. The advantage of the digital economy is becoming apparent: our country has built approximately 4.6 million 5G base stations, maintaining a global lead in technology and user numbers, with digital transformation and upgrading being realized in more fields and industries. The advantage of new energy is manifested in the continuous breaking of world records for crystalline silicon solar cell efficiency; the installed capacity of renewable energy power generation accounts for about 60% of the total, and the increase in new energy power generation accounts for nearly 50% of the national increase in new electricity generation. These new comparative advantages are accelerating their evolution. They can not only be transformed into final product price advantages, enabling China’s manufacturing industry to maintain strong competitiveness, but also consolidate the foundation for development from a deep structural level, injecting new vitality into economic growth.

超大规模市场优势在于能够摊薄制造业研发、投资、物流、营销、采购等环节的成本，为发挥规模经济效益、降低综合成本提供广阔空间。完整的产业链优势，形成了强大的产业配套能力和综合成本优势。科技创新活跃，有利于科技成果市场化和迭代升级，支撑新兴产业发展和现代化产业体系建设。数字经济优势显现，我国已建成约460万个5G基站，技术和用户数保持全球领先，更多领域和行业实现数字化转型升级。新能源优势表现在持续打破光伏晶硅电池效率的世界纪录，可再生能源发电装机占比达60%左右，新能源发电量增量占全国新增发电量近50%。这些新的比较优势正在加速演进，不仅能够转化为最终产品价格优势，使中国制造业继续保持强大竞争力，还能从深层结构上夯实发展基础，为经济增长注入新的活力。

Theoretical Elucidation: Deepening Understanding of Laws in Practice

理论阐释：在实践中深化规律性认识

Reporter: To do economic work well, it is necessary to continuously refine an understanding of laws and form a systematic methodology. Looking back at the 14th Five-Year Plan, in the course of responding to unprecedented risks and challenges, what do you consider to be the most important understanding of laws that we have formed? And how has this understanding guided our macro-policies and practice?

记者：做好经济工作，要不断提炼规律性认识，形成系统性的方法论。回望“十四五”，在应对前所未有的风险挑战中，您认为我们形成的最重要的规律性认识是什么？这一认识又是如何指导我们的宏观政策与实践的？

Wang Yiming: The fundamental reason why our country’s economic and social development was able to achieve major accomplishments during the 14th Five-Year Plan period lies in the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core. At critical moments and important junctures, the Party Central Committee promptly assessed the situation, made decisions and deployments, and continuously summarized experiences, elevating them into an understanding of laws that guides our country’s economic ship to ride the wind and waves, sailing steadily and far. These understandings of laws are concentratedly expressed as the “five must-coordinate” principles [n4].

王一鸣：“十四五”时期，我国经济社会发展能够取得重大成就，根本在于以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导。在关键时刻、重要节点，党中央及时研判形势、作出决策部署，并不断总结经验，将其上升为规律性认识，引领我国经济航船乘风破浪、行稳致远。这些规律性认识，集中表现为“五个必须统筹”。

First, the relationship between an effective market and a competent government must be coordinated. The combination of an effective market and a competent government is a key factor in the success of our country’s socialist market economy. A competent government means perfecting the basic institutions of the market economy, such as property rights protection, market access, fair competition, and social credit, accelerating the construction of a unified national market, and providing a big stage for fair competition for all types of business entities. An effective market means, through perfecting market mechanisms, promoting survival of the fittest, gathering innovative resources, allowing the vitality of all factors to burst forth, and enabling all sources of social wealth to flow fully. To do economic work well, it is necessary to both fully leverage the role of the effective market, creating a fairer and more vibrant market environment to achieve optimal resource allocation efficiency and maximum benefits, and to leverage the role of the competent government, perfecting the macroeconomic governance system to remedy market failures, so that the “two hands” of government and the market are effectively combined and complement each other, continuously enhancing the vitality and dynamism of the socialist market economy system.

一是必须统筹好有效市场和有为政府的关系。有效市场同有为政府相结合，是我国社会主义市场经济取得成功的关键因素。政府有为，就是要完善产权保护、市场准入、公平竞争、社会信用等市场经济基础制度，加快建设全国统一大市场，为各类经营主体提供公平竞争的大舞台。市场有效，就是要通过完善市场机制，促进优胜劣汰，汇聚创新资源，让各类要素的活力竞相迸发，让一切创造社会财富的源泉充分涌流。做好经济工作，既要充分发挥有效市场作用，创造更加公平、更有活力的市场环境，实现资源配置效率最优化和效益最大化，又要发挥好有为政府作用，健全宏观经济治理体系，弥补市场失灵，使政府和市场“两只手”有效结合、相得益彰，不断增强社会主义市场经济体制的生机和活力。

Second, the relationship between aggregate supply and aggregate demand must be coordinated. The dynamic balance between aggregate supply and aggregate demand is a basic condition for the stable and healthy development of the economy. Achieving such a balance requires coordinated efforts from both the supply and demand sides, planning the expansion of domestic demand and the optimization of supply as a whole. As a super-large economy, our country’s economic development must take the expansion of domestic demand as a strategic base point, accelerate the filling of domestic demand shortcomings, especially the consumption shortfall, and make domestic demand the main driving force and stable anchor for pulling economic growth. We must fully leverage our country’s advantages in the super-large-scale market and super-strong supply capacity, unblock the blockages and sticking points in the economic cycle, promote a positive interaction between supply and demand, and achieve a higher level of dynamic balance between supply and demand. At the same time, we must stabilize the basic plate of foreign trade and foreign investment, steadily explore diversified international markets, both expand exports and increase imports, promote internal and external economic balance, and construct a new development pattern with domestic circulation as the main body and domestic and international circulations mutually reinforcing.

二是必须统筹好总供给和总需求的关系。总供给和总需求的动态平衡是经济实现平稳健康发展的基本条件。实现这样的平衡，需要从供需两侧协同用力，统筹谋划扩大内需和优化供给。作为超大型经济体，我国经济发展必须以扩大内需为战略基点，加快补上内需短板特别是消费短板，使内需成为拉动经济增长的主动力和稳定锚。充分发挥我国超大规模市场优势和超强供给能力优势，打通经济循环堵点卡点，推动供需良性互动，实现更高水平的供需动态平衡。同时，要稳住外贸外资基本盘，稳步开拓多元国际市场，既扩大出口，又增加进口，促进经济内外均衡，构建以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局。

Third, the relationship between cultivating new drivers and renewing old drivers must be coordinated. Economic development requires promoting a smooth succession and transformation between new and old drivers. It is necessary to both seize the opportunities of the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation, cultivate a number of emerging industries and future industries, and develop and strengthen new drivers, and also, through multiple pathways such as digital empowerment, process upgrading, and management innovation, transform and upgrade traditional industries, optimize and renew old drivers. Scientific and technological innovation should be taken as the key support for cultivating new drivers, basic research and tackling key core technologies should be strengthened, efforts should be made to create new industrial engines with high technological content, strong market competitiveness, and significant driving effects, and new quality productive forces should be cultivated and developed. The resource endowments and industrial development levels vary greatly across different regions of our country. The development of new quality productive forces must be adapted to local conditions; blindly following trends or rushing headlong into mass action must be avoided. It is essential to fully consider the actual situation of the local area, leverage its own advantages, find the optimal path, and form a cultivation model for new quality productive forces with local characteristics.

三是必须统筹好培育新动能和更新旧动能的关系。经济发展需要推动新旧动能平稳接续转换，既要抓住新一轮科技革命和产业变革机遇，培育一批新兴产业和未来产业，发展壮大新动能，也要通过数字赋能、工艺升级、管理创新等多种路径，改造提升传统产业，优化更新旧动能。把科技创新作为培育新动能的关键依托，加强基础研究和关键核心技术攻关，努力打造科技含量高、市场竞争力强、带动作用大的产业新引擎，培育发展新质生产力。我国各地资源禀赋和产业发展水平差异较大，发展新质生产力要因地制宜，不能盲目跟风，不能一哄而上，必须充分考虑本地区实际情况，发挥自身优势，找到最佳路径，形成具有本地特色的新质生产力培育模式。

Fourth, the relationship between optimizing increments and revitalizing stock must be coordinated. Optimizing increments and revitalizing stock complement and promote each other. After more than 40 years of rapid development since reform and opening up, our country has accumulated a vast scale of various types of assets, with considerable stock resources and great potential for revitalization. For example, effectively revitalizing assets such as land, promoting the “vacating the cage to let in new birds” [n5] in industrial parks; revitalizing various types of inefficient urban land, advancing urban renewal, implementing the renovation of urban villages, and promoting the renovation and utilization of old neighborhoods, old residential communities, and old buildings; and so on. Practice has proven that optimizing increments can provide conditions and opportunities for revitalizing stock, and revitalizing stock can provide space and resources for optimizing increments. By organically combining the two, we can better tap development potential and expand development space.

四是必须统筹好做优增量和盘活存量的关系。做优增量和盘活存量相辅相成、相互促进。经过改革开放以来40多年快速发展，我国积累了规模庞大的各类资产，存量资源规模可观，盘活潜力很大。比如，有效盘活土地等资产，推动产业园区“腾笼换鸟”；盘活城镇各类低效用地，推进城市更新，实施城中村改造，推进老旧街区、老旧小区、老旧建筑改造利用；等等。实践证明，做优增量能够为盘活存量提供条件和机遇，盘活存量能够为做优增量提供空间和资源，把两者有机结合起来，就能更好挖掘发展潜力、拓展发展空间。

Fifth, it is necessary to properly balance the relationship between improving quality and expanding aggregate volume. Economic development is an organic unity of quality and quantity: the improvement of quality provides sustained impetus for the growth of quantity, while the growth of quantity provides an important foundation for the improvement of quality; the two complement each other. On the one hand, we must promote the combination of the demand-driven force of the super-large market with rich application scenarios and a complete industrial system, accelerate the cultivation of more world-class enterprises, expand the total economic volume, and provide fertile soil and space for quality improvement. On the other hand, by enhancing innovation capacity, increasing investment in new technologies, strengthening the digital-intelligent and green transformation of traditional industries, and relying more on improving the quality of products and services to enhance market competitiveness and expand market share, we open up new space for the growth of quantity. It is precisely by adhering to the organic unity of the quality and quantity of economic development — guiding reasonable growth in quantity through effective improvement in quality, and supporting effective improvement in quality through reasonable growth in quantity — that we can better achieve the simultaneous rise of both economic quality and quantity.

五是必须统筹好提升质量和做大总量的关系。经济发展是质和量的有机统一，质的提升为量的增长提供持续动力，量的增长为质的提升提供重要基础，二者相辅相成。一方面，促进超大规模市场的需求牵引与丰富的应用场景、完备的产业体系相结合，加快培育出更多世界一流企业，扩大经济总量，为质的提升提供沃土和空间；另一方面，通过增强创新能力、加大新技术投入，加强传统产业数智化、绿色化改造，更多依靠提高产品和服务质量来增强市场竞争力、扩大市场占有率，为量的增长开拓新空间。正是坚持把经济发展的质和量有机统一起来，通过质的有效提升引领量的合理增长，通过量的合理增长支撑质的有效提升，才能更好实现经济发展的量质齐升。

Future Outlook: The Development Direction and Priorities of the 15th Five-Year Plan

未来展望：“十五五”的发展方向和重点

Reporter: Looking ahead to the future, especially the period of the 15th Five-Year Plan, what new internal requirements and external conditions will China’s economic and social development face? What development directions and priorities should be anchored?

记者：展望未来特别是“十五五”时期，我国经济社会发展将面临哪些新的内在要求与外部条件？应锚定哪些发展方向和重点？

Wang Yiming: The period of the 15th Five-Year Plan is a crucial stage for laying a solid foundation and making comprehensive efforts to basically achieve socialist modernization. During this period, China’s development will face both strategic opportunities and risks and challenges, with an increase in uncertain and unpredictable factors. We must accurately identify changes, respond scientifically, and proactively seek change.

王一鸣：“十五五”时期是基本实现社会主义现代化夯实基础、全面发力的关键时期，我国发展面临的战略机遇和风险挑战并存、不确定难预料因素增多，我们必须准确识变、科学应变、主动求变。

From the perspective of the international environment, a new round of technological revolution will enter an acceleration phase, characterized by a development trend led by artificial intelligence, intersecting and integrating with fields such as quantum technology and life sciences, achieving breakthroughs on multiple fronts, and reshaping the global competitive landscape. World economic growth will enter a slowdown phase, with factors such as the rise of trade protectionism, the continued accumulation of global debt, and the acceleration of population aging pulling down the global economic growth rate. Global industrial and supply chains will enter a phase of restructuring, as the layout of industrial and supply chains in various countries shifts from being dominated by cost and efficiency to being dominated by security and stability, increasing the risk of global economic “fragmentation.” The strategic game between major powers will enter a critical phase, with the United States viewing China as its “biggest strategic competitor” and adopting various means to suppress it. For China, the most important thing is to maintain strategic focus, strengthen confidence in victory, concentrate on doing its own things well, and win strategic initiative in the fierce international competition.

从国际环境看，新一轮科技革命将进入加速期，呈现出以人工智能为主导，与量子科技、生命科学等领域交叉融合、多点突破的发展态势，重塑全球竞争格局。世界经济增长进入放缓期，贸易保护主义抬头、全球债务持续攀升叠加人口老龄化加快等因素，将拉低全球经济增速。全球产业链供应链进入重构期，各国产业链供应链布局从以成本、效率为主导转向以安全、稳定为主导，将增大全球经济“碎片化”风险。大国战略博弈进入关键期，美国视中国为“最大战略竞争对手”，采取各种方式进行打压。对我国而言，最重要的是保持战略定力，增强必胜信心，集中力量办好自己的事，在激烈国际竞争中赢得战略主动。

From the perspective of domestic development, high-quality development may enter a period of tackling tough problems. As the contribution of the labor force to economic growth gradually weakens, factors such as population aging lead to a decline in the savings rate, and the contribution of capital formation to economic growth continues to decline, the contribution of total factor productivity to economic growth becomes more prominent. New-type industrialization will enter a deepening phase: the large-scale expansion of heavy and chemical industries is nearing its end, the development of traditional industries will successively peak and enter a plateau phase, while at the same time, the digital transformation and intelligent upgrading of industries will accelerate significantly, promoting the digitalization, intelligentization, and high-end development of industries. Urbanization will enter a transitional phase: the contribution of the transfer of the agricultural population to the increase in the urban population will decline, urbanization is shifting from a period of rapid growth to a period of stable development, and urban development is shifting from a stage of large-scale incremental expansion to a stage primarily focused on improving quality and efficiency from the existing stock. Green development will enter a critical phase of tackling tough problems: with changes in the economic structure and improvements in energy efficiency, the growth rate of energy consumption will gradually slow down, but after the emissions of various pollutants peak successively, they will enter a high-level plateau phase, making the task of green and low-carbon transformation more arduous.

从国内发展看，高质量发展可能进入攻坚期，随着劳动力数量对经济增长的贡献逐步减弱，人口老龄化等因素导致储蓄率下降，资本形成对经济增长的贡献持续下降，全要素生产率对经济增长的贡献更为凸显。新型工业化进入深化期，重化工业大规模扩张接近尾声，传统产业发展陆续达峰并将转入平台期，同时产业数字化转型和智能化改造将明显加快，推动产业数字化、智能化、高端化。城镇化进入转型期，农业转移人口对城镇新增人口的贡献下降，城镇化正从快速增长期转向稳定发展期，城市发展正从大规模增量扩张阶段转向存量提质增效为主的阶段。绿色发展进入关键攻坚期，随着经济结构变化和能源效率提高，能源消费增速将逐步趋缓，但各类污染物排放陆续达峰后将进入高位平台期，绿色低碳转型的任务更加艰巨。

The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC laid out the overall strategic arrangement of “two steps” for comprehensively building a great modern socialist country. [6]6 The “two steps” strategic arrangement refers to the plan set out at the 20th National Congress of the CPC (October 2022): from 2020 to 2035, basically realize socialist modernization; from 2035 to the middle of this century, build China into a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful. The period of the 15th Five-Year Plan is a critical transitional phase for China to basically achieve socialist modernization. We must adhere to high-quality development as the hard truth of the New Era, take advancing Chinese-path modernization as the greatest politics, guide development with the new development philosophy, develop new quality productive forces in light of local conditions, continuously consolidate the material foundation of Chinese-path modernization, and ensure decisive progress in basically achieving socialist modernization.

党的二十大报告对全面建成社会主义现代化强国作出“分两步走”总的战略安排，“十五五”时期是我国基本实现社会主义现代化承上启下的关键期，必须把坚持高质量发展作为新时代的硬道理，把推进中国式现代化作为最大的政治，以新发展理念引领发展，因地制宜发展新质生产力，不断夯实中国式现代化的物质基础，确保基本实现社会主义现代化取得决定性进展。

(Reporter: Ouyang You)

（记者 欧阳优）

Online Editor: Huihui

网络编辑：慧慧