Deeply Understanding the Commonality Characteristics of the Common Values of All Mankind

At present, changes unseen in a century are accelerating, the world has entered a new period of turbulence and transformation, and human society has once again arrived at a critical crossroads. Facing the epochal question of “What is wrong with the world, and what should we do about it?”, General Secretary Xi Jinping’s advocacy of the common values of all mankind—peace, development, fairness, justice, democracy, and freedom—carries great practical significance. The common values of all mankind condense the value consensus of different civilizations, different countries, and different nations in the world. They are an original and iconic concept of Xi Jinping Thought

当前，百年变局加速演进，世界进入新的动荡变革期，人类社会再次来到关键十字路口。面对“世界怎么了、我们怎么办”的时代之问，习近平总书记倡导和平、发展、公平、正义、民主、自由的全人类共同价值，具有重大的现实意义。全人类共同价值凝聚了世界上不同文明、不同国家、不同民族的价值共识，是习近平外交思想的原创性、标识性概念，是“两个结合”的结晶和典范，体现了中国共产党人的世界情怀和使命追求，为解决人类面临的共同问题贡献了中国智慧和中国方案。我们要从理论和实践相结合上准确把握、系统阐释全人类共同价值的共同性特征，促进国际社会在更大范围、更深层次、更加准确地认识全人类共同价值，从而更好发挥全人类共同价值对于人类社会发展的价值引领作用，为推动构建人类命运共同体注入精神动力。

The commonality of the common values of all mankind contains profound theoretical logic, historical logic, and practical logic.

全人类共同价值的共同性蕴含着深刻的理论逻辑、历史逻辑、实践逻辑

The common values of all mankind are the greatest common divisor of values for all mankind, jointly possessed, shared, and pursued by all mankind, with commonality as their distinctive feature. The emergence of this value commonality has a solid theoretical logic, historical logic, and practical logic.

全人类共同价值是全人类关于价值的最大公约数，为全人类共同拥有、共同分享、共同追求，共同性是其显著特征。这种价值共同性的产生有着坚实的理论逻辑、历史逻辑和实践逻辑。

From the perspective of theoretical logic, although countries differ in history, culture, system, and level of development, peace, development, fairness, justice, democracy, and freedom reflect the common needs of people from different regions, under different social systems, and with different ideologies and religious beliefs for survival and development. They are an accurate expression of the universal pursuit of all mankind.

从理论逻辑看，尽管各国历史、文化、制度、发展水平不尽相同，但和平、发展、公平、正义、民主、自由反映了不同地域、不同社会制度下、具有不同意识形态和宗教信仰的人们生存和发展的共同需要，是对全人类普遍追求的准确表达。

From the perspective of historical logic, the transformation of history into world history is the historical basis and foundation for the generation of the common values of all mankind. Marx and Engels pointed out: "The more the spheres of mutual interaction expand in the course of this development, the more the original closed state of each nation is eliminated by the increasingly perfected mode of production, intercourse, and the naturally arising division of labor between different nations resulting from intercourse, the more history becomes world history." [1]1 This is a quotation from *The German Ideology* by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. With the deepening development of the world historical process, human society has completely bid farewell to a state of mutual isolation and historically entered a new stage of universal intercourse. In this process, different values collide and blend with each other. Among them, those values that can meet the needs of universal human intercourse and promote the common interests of mankind have been accumulated and increasingly become the common values of all parties in intercourse.

从历史逻辑看，历史转向世界历史是全人类共同价值生成的历史依据和历史基础。马克思、恩格斯指出：“各个相互影响的活动范围在这个发展进程中越是扩大，各民族的原始封闭状态由于日益完善的生产方式、交往以及因交往而自然形成的不同民族之间的分工消灭得越是彻底，历史也就越是成为世界历史。”随着世界历史进程深入发展，人类社会彻底告别相互隔离的状态，历史性地进入普遍交往的新阶段。在这一过程中，不同价值观念相互碰撞、彼此交融，其中那些能够满足人类普遍交往需要、促进人类共同利益的价值观念得以积淀下来，日益成为交往各方的共同价值。

From the perspective of practical logic, against the backdrop of the in-depth development of economic globalization, on the one hand, the degree of interdependence among humans has deepened unprecedentedly, and the people of all countries have formed a community of shared future where each has a stake in the other; on the other hand, global challenges such as environmental pollution, terrorism, nuclear security, cybersecurity, and epidemic diseases are threatening the survival and development of mankind as never before. Jointly addressing these global challenges has become a universal aspiration of the international community. A community with a shared future for mankind is both a community of interests and a community of values. Condensing the value consensus of different civilizations, different countries, and different nations, thereby gathering to a greater extent the mighty force of human society to respond to various global challenges, is both possible and necessary.

从实践逻辑看，在经济全球化深入发展的时代背景下，一方面人类相互依存的程度空前加深，各国人民形成了你中有我、我中有你的命运共同体；另一方面，环境污染、恐怖主义、核安全、网络安全、流行性疾病等全球性挑战，正前所未有地威胁着人类的生存和发展，携手应对这些全球性挑战成为国际社会的普遍愿望。人类命运共同体既是利益共同体，也是价值共同体。凝聚不同文明、不同国家、不同民族的价值共识，从而更大程度汇聚人类社会应对各种全球挑战的磅礴力量，既有可能性也有必要性。

The commonality of the common values of all mankind is a commonality that is concrete, respects differences, and conforms to the common interests of all mankind.

全人类共同价值的共同性是具体的、尊重差异的、符合全人类共同利益的共同性

Since World War II, the West has always vigorously touted its own values as universal, attempting to elevate its values into "universal values" for all mankind. Different from the so-called "universal values" of the West, the common values of all mankind adhere to the Marxist materialist conception of history as their theoretical cornerstone, take the condensation of the value consensus of all mankind as their direction of effort, and realize a profound innovation in value concepts in the history of human thought.

二战以来，西方总是极力标榜自己的价值观具有普遍性，试图将自己的价值观提升为全人类的“普世价值”。与西方所谓“普世价值”不同，全人类共同价值坚持以马克思主义唯物史观为理论基石，以凝聚全人类价值共识为努力方向，实现人类思想史上深刻的价值理念创新。

The so-called "universal values" of the West are based on the theory of abstract human nature. The "universality" they emphasize is an abstract "universality" divorced from reality, embodying a fantasy about "universality." Based on this "universality" of values, human society simply cannot find a realistic plan to resolve contradictions and conflicts and realize the common interests of all mankind. The common values of all mankind, based on the Marxist view of practice, abstract from the concrete practices of different civilizations, different countries, and different nations those value concepts that can meet the common practical needs of all mankind and have general significance, thereby condensing value consensus for safeguarding the increasing common interests of all mankind. The commonality possessed by the common values of all mankind is a commonality that faces reality, responds to, and solves practical problems.

西方所谓“普世价值”以抽象人性论为立论基础，其所强调的“普遍性”是脱离现实的抽象的“普遍性”，体现的是一种对“普遍性”的幻想。依据这种“普遍性”价值，人类社会根本无法找到解决矛盾和冲突、实现全人类共同利益的现实方案。全人类共同价值依据马克思主义实践观，从不同文明、不同国家、不同民族的具体实践中抽象出能够满足全人类共同的实践需要、具有一般性意义的价值理念，为维护全人类日益增多的共同利益而凝聚价值共识。全人类共同价值所具有的共同性，是直面现实、回应和解决现实问题的共同性。

The so-called "universal values" of the West deny the particularity of values, pursuing undifferentiated, non-contradictory, absolutely unchanging value identity. They believe that as long as all mankind follows them, many oppositions and conflicts in human society can be resolved. The inevitable result is "harmony without agreement, and agreement cannot endure." [2]2 This is a classical Chinese allusion from the *Analects of Confucius* (子曰：“君子和而不同，小人同而不和。”) and the *Zuo Zhuan* (晏子论“和”与“同”). A few people go to the other extreme, completely denying that mankind has common values, believing that values are pluralistic and that the particularity of values is the principal aspect of the contradiction determining the essence of things. Marxist dialectics holds that commonality and individuality are a unity of opposites, and everything is a unity of commonality and individuality. While emphasizing the commonality of values, the common values of all mankind acknowledge the diversity in the understanding of value connotations and the differences in the modes of value realization under different social systems and ideological backgrounds, achieving the unity of value commonality and value particularity, and drawing the largest concentric circle of values among different civilizations.

西方所谓的“普世价值”否认价值的特殊性，追求无差别、无矛盾、绝对不变的价值同一，认为只要全人类都遵循它，就能解决人类社会许多对立和冲突，其结果必然是“同而不和”“同则不继”。少数人则走向另一个极端，完全否认人类存在共同价值，认为价值是多元的，价值的特殊性是决定事物本质的矛盾主要方面。马克思主义辩证法认为，共性和个性是对立统一的，任何事物都是共性与个性的统一。全人类共同价值在强调价值共同性的同时，承认不同社会制度和意识形态背景下价值内涵理解的多样性、价值实现方式的差异性，实现了价值共同性和价值特殊性的统一，最大限度画出不同文明的价值同心圆。

The diversity of civilizations is an objective reality in the development of human society and an inexhaustible driving force for human progress. Different values inevitably arise from this, and differences are unavoidable. To better realize the common interests of all mankind, the more value differences exist, the more necessary it is to transcend narrow private interests and continuously condense value consensus. Marx and Engels revealed the essence of bourgeois values: "In order to achieve their own ends, they are compelled to represent their own interest as the common interest of all members of society, that is, expressed in ideal form: they have to give their ideas the form of universality, and represent them as the only rational, universally valid ones." [3]3 This is a quotation from *The German Ideology* by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. The so-called "universal values" of the West are nothing more than portraying their own particular values as common values, thereby better safeguarding their own narrow private interests. The common values of all mankind adhere to a global vision, firmly occupy the moral high ground, take the realization of the common interests of all mankind as their goal, and achieve theoretical transcendence over the so-called "universal values" of the West in multiple dimensions.

文明多样性是人类社会发展的客观现实，也是人类进步的不竭动力。由此产生不同的价值观，难免存在分歧。为更好实现全人类共同利益，越是存在价值分歧，越需要超越狭隘私利，不断凝聚价值共识。马克思、恩格斯揭示了资产阶级价值观的实质：“为了达到自己的目的不得不把自己的利益说成是社会全体成员的共同利益，就是说，这在观念上的表达就是：赋予自己的思想以普遍性的形式，把它们描绘成唯一合乎理性的、有普遍意义的思想。”西方所谓的“普世价值”不过是将自己的特殊价值观描绘成共同价值观，从而更好维护自己的狭隘私利。全人类共同价值坚持胸怀天下，牢牢占据道义制高点，以实现全人类的共同利益为目标，在多个维度上实现对西方所谓“普世价值”的理论超越。

In a situation where world instability and uncertainty are constantly intensifying, the common values of all mankind are undoubtedly of great significance for maintaining world peace and development and promoting the progress of human civilization. To promote and practice the common values of all mankind, it is necessary to adopt a highly responsible attitude towards the future and destiny of mankind, understand different civilizations' understanding of value connotations with a broad mind, not impose one's own values and models on others, insist on relatively distinguishing value concepts from forms of value realization, respect the exploration of value realization paths by the people of different countries, so that the common values of all mankind are concretely and realistically reflected in the practice of realizing the interests of the people of each country, effectively benefit the people of all countries, and help build a better world.

在世界不稳定性、不确定性不断加剧的形势下，全人类共同价值对维护世界和平发展、促进人类文明进步无疑具有重要意义。弘扬和践行全人类共同价值，必须本着对人类前途命运高度负责的态度，以宽广胸怀理解不同文明对价值内涵的认识，不将自己的价值观和模式强加于人，坚持把价值观念与价值实现形式相对区分开来，尊重不同国家人民对价值实现路径的探索，使全人类共同价值具体地、现实地体现到实现本国人民利益的实践中去，切实造福各国人民，助力建设更加美好的世界。

(The author is the Dean of the School of Marxism at the Shanghai Municipal Party School (Shanghai Academy of Administration))

（作者为上海市委党校（上海行政学院）马克思主义学院院长）

Online editor: Huihui

网络编辑：慧慧