Developing New Quality Productive Forces in Agriculture Requires Attention to Policy Direction

New quality productive forces in agriculture are a new form of productive forces that, in contrast to traditional agricultural productive forces, rely on modern science and technology, innovative factors, and new forms of production organization, take digitalization, intelligentization, greening, and integration as their direction of development, and aim to raise agricultural production efficiency, quality, and returns and promote the sustainable development of agriculture. They encompass multiple aspects such as agricultural science and technology innovation, agricultural industrial upgrading, innovation in the agricultural management system, and agricultural ecological construction, and are the core driving force for promoting high-quality development in agriculture.

农业新质生产力是相对于传统农业生产力而言，依托现代科技、创新要素和新型生产组织形式，以数字化、智能化、绿色化、融合化为发展方向，旨在提高农业生产效率、质量和效益，促进农业可持续发展的新型生产力形态。它涵盖了农业科技创新、农业产业升级、农业经营体制创新以及农业生态建设等多个方面，是推动农业高质量发展的核心动力。

Developing New Quality Productive Forces in Agriculture According to Local Conditions

因地制宜发展农业新质生产力

China’s territory is vast, and different regions exhibit significant differences in natural conditions, resource endowments, and levels of economic development, cultural customs, and other aspects. Developing new quality productive forces in agriculture according to local conditions means fully recognizing and respecting these regional differences. The principle of respecting regional differences is the foundation for formulating an effective system of institutions and policies, helps avoid a “one-size-fits-all” approach to policy, and enables agricultural development to better conform to the actual conditions of each locality. To this end, emphasis must be placed on both efficient resource utilization and ecological protection. The resource situation differs from region to region; some areas are rich in water resources but have limited land, while others possess vast tracts of land but face water shortages. The construction of a system of institutions and policies tailored to local conditions should focus on guiding each region to develop agricultural production methods suited to its resource advantages, thereby achieving efficient resource utilization. At the same time, ecological protection must be incorporated into the scope of policy considerations. For example, in ecologically fragile western regions, characteristic agriculture and animal husbandry, such as ecological animal husbandry and under-forest economy, should be developed in a measured way on the premise of protecting the ecology, so as to achieve a positive interaction between agricultural development and ecological protection.

我国地域辽阔，不同地区在自然条件、资源禀赋以及经济发展水平、文化习俗等方面存在显著差异。因地制宜发展农业新质生产力，意味着要充分认识和尊重这些地域差异。尊重地域差异的原则，是制定有效制度政策体系的基础，有助于避免“一刀切”式的政策，使农业发展更加贴合各地实际情况。为此，要强调资源高效利用与生态保护并重。不同地区的资源状况各不相同，一些地区水资源丰富但土地资源有限，而另一些地区则拥有广袤的土地但面临水资源短缺问题。因地制宜的制度政策体系建设，要注重引导各地根据资源优势，发展与之相适应的农业生产方式，实现资源的高效利用。同时，必须将生态保护纳入政策考量范围。比如，在生态脆弱的西部地区，要在保护生态的前提下，适度发展特色农牧业，如生态畜牧业、林下经济等，实现农业发展与生态保护的良性互动。

One of the core objectives of developing new quality productive forces in agriculture according to local conditions is to promote the formation of distinctive agricultural industries in each region. By tapping into each region’s unique agricultural and cultural resources, cultivating and developing characteristic agricultural product varieties, and building regional characteristic agricultural brands, the market competitiveness and added value of agricultural products can be enhanced. For example, Yunnan leverages its unique climate and geographical environment to develop a characteristic flower industry and highland characteristic agricultural products; Xinjiang, relying on its advantages of strong sunlight and large temperature differences, vigorously develops cotton cultivation and a characteristic fruit tree industry. The construction of the system of institutions and policies should revolve around how to promote the formation, development, and expansion of these characteristic industries, including providing support in areas such as variety breeding, promotion of planting and breeding techniques, extension of the industrial chain, and brand building.

因地制宜发展农业新质生产力核心目标之一，是促进各区域形成具有特色的农业产业。通过挖掘各地独特的农业资源和文化资源，培育和发展特色农产品品种，打造区域特色农业品牌，能够提高农产品的市场竞争力和附加值。例如，云南利用独特的气候和地理环境，发展特色花卉产业和高原特色农产品；新疆依托光照强、温差大的优势，大力发展棉花种植业和特色林果种植业。制度政策体系建设应围绕如何推动这些特色产业的形成、发展和壮大展开，包括在品种选育、种植养殖技术推广、产业链拓展、品牌建设等方面提供支持。

The sustainable development of agriculture is the ultimate goal of developing new quality productive forces in agriculture according to local conditions. This means having the capacity to meet the demand for agricultural products of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to sustain their living environment. The system of institutions and policies should encourage and guide each region to adopt sustainable agricultural production methods, such as water-saving irrigation, soil testing and formulated fertilization, and green pest and disease control, so as to reduce the negative impact of agricultural production on the environment. At the same time, through policy measures such as supporting the development and utilization of renewable energy in rural areas and the resource utilization of agricultural waste, a virtuous cycle of the agricultural ecosystem can be achieved, ensuring the long-term stable development of agriculture.

农业的可持续发展是因地制宜发展农业新质生产力的终极目标。这意味着在满足当代人对农产品需求的同时，具备不损害后代人生存环境的能力。制度政策体系应鼓励和引导各地采用可持续的农业生产方式，如节水灌溉、测土配方施肥、绿色防控病虫害等，减少农业生产对环境的负面影响。同时，通过支持农村可再生能源开发利用、农业废弃物资源化利用等政策措施，实现农业生态系统的良性循环，确保农业长期稳定发展。

Grasping the Key Directions for Constructing the System of Institutions and Policies

把准制度政策体系建设重点方向

Formulate precise agricultural development plans based on the agricultural functional positioning, resource endowments, and development stage of different regions. Starting from reality and needs, the country is divided into different agricultural development zones, such as major grain-producing areas, areas with advantages in characteristic agricultural products, and urban agricultural areas. For the characteristics and development tasks of each zone, corresponding classified guidance policies are introduced. For example, for major grain-producing areas, support is focused on the construction of high-standard farmland, the breeding and promotion of improved grain varieties, and the storage, processing, and other links of grain procurement and storage; for areas with advantages in characteristic agricultural products, policy support is increased in areas such as the protection and development of characteristic varieties, the research, development, and promotion of characteristic agricultural technologies, and the registration and protection of geographical indications for agricultural products. Such precise planning and classified guidance policies enable each region to clarify its own development direction and avoid blind development.

根据不同地区的农业功能定位、资源禀赋和发展阶段，制定精准的农业发展规划。从现实和需求出发，全国划分为不同的农业发展区域，如粮食主产区、特色农产品优势区、都市农业区等，针对每个区域的特点和发展任务，出台相应的分类指导政策。例如，对于粮食主产区，重点支持高标准农田建设、粮食良种繁育和推广、粮食收储加工等环节；对于特色农产品优势区，加大特色品种保护与开发、特色农业技术研发与推广、农产品地理标志登记与保护等方面的政策支持力度。这样的精准规划和分类指导政策，能够使各地明确自身的发展方向，避免盲目发展。

Formulate differentiated policies to support agricultural science and technology innovation in light of the actual production needs of each region. In terms of investment in agricultural science and technology research and development, encourage each region to carry out targeted scientific research around the development of characteristic industries. For example, for coastal areas with developed fisheries, support research and development of technologies for the protection and sustainable use of marine fishery resources; for mountainous agricultural areas, increase support for the research, development, and promotion of mountain agricultural machinery. Establish a grassroots agricultural science and technology extension system, adopt diversified extension methods, such as sending science and technology commissioners to the countryside, field schools, and distance training, according to the receptivity and actual needs of different regions, so as to improve the conversion rate and application effect of agricultural science and technology achievements in the locality. At the same time, support cooperation between enterprises and research institutions to establish agricultural science and technology demonstration bases and innovation platforms in various regions, accelerating the rooting and fruiting of scientific and technological achievements.

结合各地农业生产实际需求，制定差异化的农业科技创新支持政策。在农业科技研发投入方面，鼓励各地围绕特色产业发展开展针对性的科研攻关。例如，对于沿海渔业发达地区，支持开展海洋渔业资源保护与可持续利用技术研发；对于山区农业地区，加大对山地农业机械研发和推广的支持力度。建立基层农业科技推广体系，根据不同地区的接受能力和实际需求，采用多样化的推广方式，如科技特派员下乡、田间学校、远程培训等，提高农业科技成果在当地的转化率和应用效果。同时，支持企业与科研机构合作，在各地建立农业科技示范基地和创新平台，加速科技成果落地生根。

In terms of fiscal subsidies, provide special subsidies for the construction of planting and breeding bases for characteristic agricultural products, the purchase of processing equipment by characteristic agricultural processing enterprises, and the promotion of agricultural product brands. In terms of tax incentives, grant tax reductions or exemptions for a certain period to new agricultural business entities such as enterprises and cooperatives engaged in the production and processing of characteristic agriculture. In terms of financial support, guide financial institutions to develop financial products and service models suitable for the development of characteristic agricultural industries, such as intellectual property pledge loans and supply chain finance, to provide financial guarantees for characteristic agricultural industries. In addition, by holding various agricultural product exhibitions, agricultural expos, and other activities, build sales platforms for characteristic agricultural products and broaden market channels.

在财政补贴方面，对特色农产品种植养殖基地建设、特色农业加工企业购置加工设备、农产品品牌宣传推广等给予专项补贴。在税收优惠方面，对从事特色农业生产和加工的企业、合作社等新型农业经营主体，给予一定期限的税收减免或优惠政策。在金融支持方面，引导金融机构开发适合特色农业产业发展的金融产品和服务模式，如知识产权质押贷款、供应链金融等，为特色农业产业提供资金保障。此外，还要通过举办各类农产品展销会、农业博览会等活动，为特色农产品搭建销售平台，拓宽市场渠道。

In terms of infrastructure construction, rationally plan and layout farmland water conservancy facilities, road transportation facilities, warehousing and logistics facilities, etc., according to the agricultural production needs and geographical conditions of different regions. For example, in areas rich in water resources, strengthen the construction of irrigation and drainage facilities; in mountainous and remote areas, increase investment in the construction and renovation of rural roads to improve transportation conditions. In terms of public service provision, optimize the allocation of public service resources such as education, medical care, and culture, taking into account factors such as the size and distribution characteristics of the rural population in each region. In relatively densely populated rural areas, build standardized schools and hospitals; in remote rural areas, by increasing infrastructure investment and implementing distance education and telemedicine, provide basic public service guarantees for farmers.

在基础设施建设方面，根据不同地区的农业生产需求和地理条件，合理规划和布局农田水利设施、道路交通设施、仓储物流设施等。例如，在水资源丰富的地区，加强灌溉排水设施建设；在山区和偏远地区，加大对农村道路建设和改造的投入，改善交通条件。在公共服务供给方面，结合各地农村人口规模、分布特点等因素，优化教育、医疗、文化等公共服务资源配置。在人口较为集中的农村地区，建设标准化的学校和医院；而在偏远农村地区，通过加大基础设施投入，实施远程教育、远程医疗，为农民提供基本公共服务保障。

In terms of scientific research, increase investment and support for scientific research, focusing on key areas. Vigorously implement a reward system for scientific and technological innovation, granting substantial rewards to research teams and individuals who have made outstanding contributions to the development of new quality productive forces in agriculture. At the same time, promote the rapid transformation of agricultural scientific and technological achievements, establish a market for trading scientific and technological achievements and a platform for transformation services, promote the connection between research institutions, enterprises, and farmers, and accelerate the application of scientific and technological achievements in agricultural production. In terms of talent cultivation, optimize the professional settings of higher agricultural education, adjust the curriculum system according to the development needs of new quality productive forces in agriculture, increase the enrollment scale of emerging majors such as smart agriculture, agricultural biotechnology, and agricultural big data analysis, while integrating new technologies and concepts into traditional agricultural majors. Strengthen secondary agricultural vocational education, cultivate skilled talents suited to the needs of agricultural modernization, establish a long-term mechanism for farmer education and training, and enrich training methods using modern information technology.

在科学研究方面，加大科研投入与支持，重点投向关键领域。大力实施科技创新奖励制度，对在农业新质生产力发展中有突出贡献的科研团队和个人给予重奖。同时，推动农业科技成果快速转化，建立科技成果交易市场和转化服务平台，促进科研机构、企业与农户之间的对接，加快科技成果在农业生产中的应用。在人才培育上，优化高等农业教育专业设置，根据农业新质生产力发展需求调整课程体系，增加智慧农业、农业生物技术、农业大数据分析等新兴专业的招生规模，同时在传统农业专业中融入新的技术和理念。加强中等农业职业教育，培养适应农业现代化需要的技能型人才，建立农民教育培训长效机制，利用现代信息技术丰富培训手段。

In summary, improving the institutions and policies for new quality productive forces in agriculture is of extremely important significance for the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy. It is believed that with the support of continuously improved institutions and policies, new quality productive forces in agriculture will provide a more powerful driving force for the in-depth implementation of the rural revitalization strategy and push the modernization of agriculture and rural areas to a new level.

总之，健全农业新质生产力制度政策对于乡村振兴战略的实施具有极为重要的意义。相信在持续完善的制度政策支持下，农业新质生产力将为乡村振兴战略的深入实施提供更加强劲的动力，推动农业农村现代化发展迈向新台阶。

(The author is a Distinguished Research Fellow at the Institute for Security Development and Modernization Governance, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics)

（作者系贵州财经大学安全发展与现代化治理研究院特聘研究员）

Online Editor: Huihui

网络编辑：慧慧