The Theoretical Implications, Institutional Innovation, and Practical Pathways of “the Eight-Point Regulations Changing China”

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has begun its breakthrough by formulating

党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央从制定和落实中央八项规定开局破题，以钉钉子精神纠治“四风”，以新时代徙木立信之举打造了管党治党的“金色名片”，为推动“当代中国在政治、经济、社会、文化和国家治理等方面发生巨大变化提供了有力作风保障”。中央八项规定及其实施细则继承了中国共产党的优良作风和光荣传统，以具体行为禁令为“小切口”推动了新时代党的作风建设制度框架重塑和内涵要义发展，实现了思想建党与制度治党同向发力，开启了中国共产党激浊扬清的作风建设新征程，形成了中央八项规定“一子落地”、党的建设“满盘皆活”的生动局面。

I. Demonstrating New Achievements in Adapting Marxist Party-Building Theory to the Chinese Context and the Needs of the Times through Revolutionary Practice

一、在革命性实践中彰显马克思主义建党学说中国化时代化的新成果

The Central Eight-Point Regulations are a major innovation of the Communist Party of China in advancing work style improvement by applying adapted Marxist party-building theory to the Chinese context and the needs of the times. They are a landmark measure for governing the Party in the New Era, embodying the high unity of Party spirit and people-centeredness.

中央八项规定是中国共产党运用中国化时代化的马克思主义建党学说推进作风建设的一大创举，是新时代管党治党的标志性措施，体现了党性和人民性的高度统一。

1. Strengthening the People-Centered Nature of the Marxist Party in Terms of Value Orientation

1、在价值取向上强化了马克思主义政党的人民性

Political parties are important vehicles and components of modern politics, and party politics is a basic form of modern democratic politics. Unlike Western bourgeois parties, proletarian parties are distinguished by their class character, revolutionary character, and people-centered nature. Marx and Engels pointed out in the *Communist Manifesto*: "In practice, the Communists are the most resolute and always driving force among the workers' parties of all countries; in theory, they surpass the rest of the proletarian masses by their understanding of the conditions, course, and general results of the proletarian movement." The essence of the proletariat's movement—that it can only achieve its own liberation by liberating all of humanity—on the one hand confirms the class character of the proletarian party, and on the other hand makes clear that it must possess the ability to lead the masses in struggle. Therefore, the people-centered nature is the essential attribute of a proletarian party, and the interests of the people are its fundamental interests. Once it departs from the masses, a proletarian party becomes water without a source and a tree without roots.

政党是现代政治的重要载体和组成部分，政党政治是现代民主政治的基本表现形式。与西方资产阶级政党不同，无产阶级政党以阶级性、革命性和人民性为其显著特征。马克思、恩格斯在《共产党宣言》中指出：“在实践方面，共产党人是各国工人政党中最坚决的、始终起推动作用的部分；在理论方面，他们胜过其余无产阶级群众的地方在于他们了解无产阶级运动的条件、进程和一般结果。”无产阶级只有解放全人类才能实现自身解放的运动本质，一方面确证了无产阶级政党的阶级性，另一方面明确其必须拥有领导人民群众进行斗争的能力。因而，人民性是无产阶级政党的本质属性，人民利益是无产阶级政党的根本利益，一旦离开人民群众，无产阶级政党将成为无源之水、无本之木。

As a Marxist party, the Communist Party of China has, since its founding, taken the fundamental interests of the proletariat and the broad masses of the people as its own interests, forging the political value of "people supremacy" through great struggles. Relying on its ideals and convictions, political character, work style, and discipline—which distinguish it from other party organizations—the CPC has won the support of the broadest masses of the people and achieved great victories in revolution, construction, reform, and opening up. Historically, the flesh-and-blood bond between the Party and the masses has always been a magic weapon for the Party to advance its cause. Mao Zedong pointed out: "Communists should never put personal interests first at any time or in any place; they should subordinate personal interests to the interests of the nation and the people." General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "At no time or under any circumstances can we change our stance of breathing the same air and sharing the same fate with the people, forget our purpose of serving the people wholeheartedly, or abandon the historical materialist view that the masses are the true heroes. We must always adhere to building the Party for the public good and exercising power for the people."

作为马克思主义政党，中国共产党自诞生之日起，就以无产阶级和广大人民群众的根本利益为自身的利益，在伟大斗争中锻造了“人民至上”的政治价值。凭借着区别于其他政党组织的理想信念、政治品格、作风纪律，中国共产党依靠最广大人民群众的支持，取得了革命、建设和改革开放的伟大胜利。从历史看，党和人民群众的血肉联系始终是党推进事业发展的法宝。毛泽东指出：“共产党员无论何时何地都不应以个人利益放在第一位，而应以个人利益服从于民族的和人民群众的利益。”习近平总书记指出：“在任何时候任何情况下，与人民同呼吸共命运的立场不能变，全心全意为人民服务的宗旨不能忘，群众是真正英雄的历史唯物主义观点不能丢，始终坚持立党为公、执政为民。”

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, in the face of prominent problems in Party and state building, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has consistently adhered to the Marxist worldview and methodology. Starting from the people-centered nature of the proletarian party and the value stance of "people supremacy," it has continuously improved Party-mass and cadre-mass relations, strengthened the flesh-and-blood bond with the masses, and steadily consolidated the Party's ruling foundation by focusing on improving the Party's work style. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "When the central authorities proposed improving work style and opposing formalism, bureaucracy, hedonism, and extravagance, they were identifying a focal point for advancing the fight against corruption and promoting integrity, and a starting point for consolidating the mass base of the Party's governance." Whether it is improving investigation and research, the style of writing and meetings, standardizing visits and security work, or promoting diligence and thrift, the relevant requirements of the Central Eight-Point Regulations are all focused on improving the Party's work style, further consolidating the people-centered stance, opposing privilege-seeking mindsets and phenomena, safeguarding and developing the fundamental interests of the people, and consolidating and strengthening the Party's ruling foundation. Implementing the spirit of the Central Eight-Point Regulations and their implementation rules requires, on the one hand, consistently adhering to the practical requirements of "top-down" and "turning inward," and on the other hand, extending and integrating them into all aspects of Party cadres' daily work and social interactions. This further strengthens the political character and essential attributes of the Marxist party in practical form, manifests the nature and purpose of the CPC, and is a concrete embodiment of "people supremacy" in the New Era.

党的十八大以来，面对党和国家建设中存在的突出问题，以习近平同志为核心的党中央始终坚持马克思主义世界观和方法论，从无产阶级政党的人民性和“人民至上”的价值立场出发，通过抓党的作风建设，不断改善党群干群关系、密切和人民群众的血肉联系，持续巩固党的执政根基。习近平总书记指出：“中央提出抓作风建设，反对形式主义、官僚主义、享乐主义，反对奢靡之风，就是提出了一个抓反腐倡廉建设的着力点，提出了一个夯实党执政的群众基础的切入点。”无论是改进调查研究、文风会风，还是规范出访、警卫工作，抑或厉行勤俭节约，中央八项规定的有关要求均聚力于改进党的作风，进一步站稳人民立场，反对特权思想和特权现象，保障和发展人民群众的根本利益，夯实和巩固党的执政基础。贯彻中央八项规定及其实施细则精神，一方面要始终坚持“自上而下”“刀刃向内”的实践要求，另一方面要将其拓展并融入党员干部日常工作、社会交往等方方面面，以实践形态进一步强化马克思主义政党的政治品格和本质属性，彰显中国共产党的性质宗旨，是新时代“人民至上”的具象化体现。

2. Expanding the Path of the Party's Self-Reform in the Methodological Dimension

2、在方法维度上拓展了党的自我革命的路径

The Party's work style is the Party's image and a powerful driving force for the Party's self-reform. How to break free from the historical cycle of rise and fall has always been a fundamental issue the CPC has diligently sought to resolve. Mao Zedong, in his "Cave Dialogue" with Huang Yanpei [1]1 A famous conversation in 1945 between Mao Zedong and Huang Yanpei, a democratic figure, in Yan'an, where Huang asked how the CPC could avoid the historical cycle of a regime rising and then falling. Mao's answer was "democracy.", pointed out: "This new path is democracy. Only when the people are allowed to supervise the government will the government not dare to slack off. Only when everyone takes responsibility will there be no end to the regime." In the 80 years since the "Cave Dialogue," the CPC has formed whole-process people's democracy through practical exploration, continuously improved the Party and state supervision systems, and proposed the "second answer" of self-reform, forming a "Chinese solution" for breaking free from the historical cycle. In practice, the "two answers" share the same origin, are interdependent, and jointly provide a solid guarantee for advancing the great new project of Party building in the New Era. The spirit of the Central Eight-Point Regulations and their implementation rules is an important part of the "two answers," containing historical experiences such as "democracy" and "people's supervision," and further enriching and expanding the path of the Party's self-reform.

党的作风就是党的形象，也是党自我革命的强大动力。如何跳出治乱兴衰的历史周期率始终是中国共产党孜孜以求探寻解决的根本问题。毛泽东在与黄炎培的“窑洞对”中指出：“这条新路，就是民主。只有让人民来监督政府，政府才不敢松懈。只有人人起来负责，才不会人亡政息。”自“窑洞对”后80年来，中国共产党在实践探索中形成了全过程人民民主，不断健全党和国家监督体系，并提出了“自我革命”第二个答案，形成了跳出历史周期率的“中国方案”。从实践上看，“两个答案”同根同源、相互依存，共同为推进新时代党的建设新的伟大工程提供坚实保障。中央八项规定及其实施细则精神是“两个答案”的重要内容，既蕴含着“民主”“人民监督”等历史经验，更丰富拓展了党的自我革命的路径。

Marx and Engels, based on a profound analysis of national history, put forward the view of power alienation, emphasizing the need to prevent the state from degenerating from a public servant into a master of society, thus forming Marxist thought on power supervision. The Chinese Communists have adhered to and continuously developed Marxist party-building theory and power supervision thought throughout their century-long struggle, constantly strengthening Party discipline and work style building. The Party has conducted many Party consolidation and rectification campaigns in its history, all of which focused on bureaucracy, privilege-seeking mindsets, and corruption as key targets for governance. As early as 1933, Mao Zedong, in his report "Smashing the Fifth 'Encirclement and Suppression' and the Tasks of Soviet Economic Construction," warned against the emergence of "bureaucracy." At the Second Session of the Eighth National Congress of the CPC, he cautioned the whole Party: "Some of our cadres think they are the greatest under heaven, look down on others, live on their qualifications, and once they become officials, especially high-ranking ones, are unwilling to appear as ordinary workers. This is a very bad phenomenon." After the founding of New China, facing the change in its ruling status, the Party continuously strengthened its own building, especially emphasizing work style and discipline building. To this day, the Party has led the people to create the "two miracles" rarely seen in the world [2]2 Refers to the "two miracles" of rapid economic development and long-term social stability., possessing better conditions to serve the people, yet also harboring the risk of public power alienation, along with the accompanying prominent problems of the "four forms of decadence" [3]3 Formalism, bureaucracy, hedonism, and extravagance. and the danger of becoming detached from the masses.

马克思、恩格斯在深刻剖析国家历史的基础上，提出了权力异化观点，强调要防范国家由社会公仆蜕变为社会主人的风险，形成了马克思主义权力监督思想。中国共产党人在百年奋斗历程中坚持并不断发展马克思主义建党学说、权力监督思想，不断强化党的纪律建设和作风建设。党的历史上开展过多次整党整风运动，都把官僚主义、特权思想以及贪腐行为等作为治理的重点。早在1933年，毛泽东在《粉碎五次“围剿”与苏维埃经济建设任务》中就提醒注意“官僚主义”的出现，并在中共八大二次会议上告诫全党：“我们有些干部是老子天下第一，看不起人，靠资格吃饭，做了官，特别是做了大官，就不愿意以普通劳动者的姿态出现。这是一种很恶劣的现象。”新中国成立后，面对执政地位的转变，党不断加强自身建设，尤其强调党的作风建设和纪律建设。时至今日，党领导人民创造了世所罕见的“两大奇迹”，拥有了更好为人民服务的条件，也潜藏着公权力异化的风险，以及相伴而来的“四风”问题突出、脱离群众的危险。

Starting with the rectification of work style to advance comprehensive and strict governance of the Party is an important experience of the Party’s self-revolution in the New Era. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, General Secretary Xi Jinping has profoundly discerned the Party spirit issues reflected behind work style problems, as well as the shortcomings and defects in power supervision and restraint, put forward the important thesis that “work style problems are essentially Party spirit problems,” elevated work style construction to the height of the Party’s essential attributes, taken the Central Eight-Point Regulations as the mobilization order and breakthrough point, and opened up a new path for the Party’s self-revolution in the New Era within comprehensive and strict governance of the Party. On the one hand, it adheres to self-revolution, by perfecting intra-Party regulations and strengthening ideological education, relying on itself to solve existing problems, and constantly maintaining the Party’s advanced nature and purity; on the other hand, it fully mobilizes the masses, disseminates the specific requirements of the Central Eight-Point Regulations to ordinary people in the form of a political manifesto, enhances the masses’ awareness and ability to supervise, and places Party members and public officials under the supervision of the people. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “We issued an ‘advance notice,’ made it public, and

从抓作风入手推进全面从严治党是新时代党的自我革命的一条重要经验。党的十八大以来，习近平总书记深刻洞察作风问题背后反映出的党性问题，以及权力监督制约存在的短板与缺陷，提出“作风问题本质上是党性问题”的重要论断，将作风建设上升到党的本质属性高度，以中央八项规定为动员令和突破口，在全面从严治党中开辟了新时代党的自我革命新路径。一方面，坚持自我革命，通过完善党内法规、加强思想教育，依靠自身解决存在的问题，不断保持党的先进性和纯洁性；另一方面，充分发动群众，以政治宣言书的形式将中央八项规定的具体要求宣传到普通群众中去，增强人民群众的监督意识和监督能力，将党员公职人员置于人民监督之下。习近平总书记指出：“我们‘安民告示’，对外公布了，要靠大家监督，也说明我们是动真格的，不是说说而已。我们也希望以身作则，起到带头作用，自上而下做起。”作为融合党的自我革命和人民监督政府“两个答案”的政治实践，中央八项规定把党内监督和人民监督结合起来，既注重发挥群众监督、舆论监督的“前哨”作用，又注重推动各类监督制度贯通协调，形成“中央政治局带头—逐级压实责任—群众参与监督”的闭环机制，强化对“四风”问题的持续治理，以作风建设新成效推动全面从严治党不断向纵深发展。

3. In terms of system content, it innovated the paradigm of Party building

3、在体系内容上创新了政党建设的范式

The Communist Party of China was born in an era when the nation was humiliated, the people suffered, and civilization was tarnished. Only through arduous and extraordinary struggles did it grow into a long-term ruling Marxist party with over 100 million members. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “Proceeding from the great struggle with many new historical features, we must summarize and apply the Party’s rich experience in successfully responding to risks and challenges in different historical periods, make adequate ideological and work preparations for coping with changes in the external environment over a relatively long period, continuously enhance our awareness of struggle, enrich our experience in struggle, and improve our ability to govern the country and manage society.” [4]4 "Four work methods at the grassroots level" (四下基层): A working method proposed by Xi Jinping during his tenure in Fujian, referring to publicizing policies at the grassroots, conducting research at the grassroots, receiving letters and visits at the grassroots, and holding on-site meetings at the grassroots.

中国共产党诞生于国家蒙辱、人民蒙难、文明蒙尘的年代，经过艰苦卓绝的斗争才成长为拥有1亿多名党员、长期执政的马克思主义政党。习近平总书记指出：“从具有许多新的历史特点的伟大斗争出发，总结运用党在不同历史时期成功应对风险挑战的丰富经验，做好较长时间应对外部环境变化的思想准备和工作准备，不断增强斗争意识、丰富斗争经验、提升斗争本领，不断提高治国理政能力和水平。”

Viewed from the historical process, the Party’s development trajectory has generally undergone a transformation from “external risk tests coexisting with internal risks, with external risk tests as the main factor” to “external risk tests coexisting with internal risks, with internal risk tests as the main factor.” After reform and opening up, although attacks by external hostile forces against the Party and the state have never weakened, and attempts at “color revolution” [5]5 Yan'an Rectification Movement: A Party-wide Marxist education movement launched by the CPC from 1941 to 1945, centered in Yan'an, aimed at correcting subjectivism, sectarianism, and stereotypical Party writing. and “peaceful evolution” [6]6 "Two Musts": A directive issued by Mao Zedong at the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee of the CPC in March 1949, calling on the entire Party to "remain modest, prudent, and free from arrogance and rashness" and to "remain hardworking and frugal." have never ceased, the greater risk and challenge have come from the Party’s “degeneration, discoloration, and deterioration of its nature.” [7]7 "Grasping both aspects": A policy from the 1980s and 1990s, referring to simultaneously developing the socialist market economy and combating corruption, or simultaneously promoting material civilization and cultural-ethical progress. Deng Xiaoping once warned the entire Party: “If problems arise in China, they will still arise from within the Communist Party. We must be clear-headed about this issue.” General

从历史进程看，党的发展历程大体上经历了由“外部风险考验与内部风险并存，外部风险考验为主”向“外部风险考验与内部风险并存，内部风险考验为主”的转变。改革开放后，虽然外部敌对势力对党和国家的攻击从未减弱，“颜色革命”“和平演变”企图从未停止，但更大的风险挑战来自党的“变质、变色、变味”。邓小平曾告诫全党：“中国要出问题，还是出在共产党内部。对这个问题要清醒。”习近平总书记也指出：“我们党面临的最大风险是内部变质、变色、变味，丧失马克思主义政党的政治本色，背离党的宗旨而失去最广大人民支持和拥护。”正是由于看到了党的建设存在的短板弱项，看到了党内存在的风险隐患，以习近平同志为核心的党中央从关乎党和国家前途命运的政治高度，构建新时代党的建设总体布局，颁布和施行中央八项规定及其实施细则，将党风党纪硬要求变为硬举措、让铁规矩长出铁牙齿，确保刚性运行、久久为功，彰显了中国共产党推进自我革命、永葆先进性和纯洁性，始终成为中国特色社会主义事业坚强领导核心的政治责任、基因禀赋和使命担当。

From the perspective of political construction, the promulgation and implementation of the Central Eight-Point Regulations represent not only an innovative development of the Party’s work style construction in the New Era but also an important component of the Party’s political construction, embodying the Party’s political correctness, firmness, sobriety, and perseverance. The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has always adhered to the correct political line to guide development, maintaining a high degree of vigilance and promptly correcting problems and deviations in Party building. One successful experience in implementing the spirit of the Eight-Point Regulations is to start from the Politburo and push forward from the top down, with central leaders leading by example and setting a precedent, guiding the entire Party to uphold political standards throughout the entire process of work style construction; this makes implementing the spirit of the Eight-Point Regulations a political test of firmly upholding the Two Establishments and resolutely achieving the Two Upholds. [4]4 "Four work methods at the grassroots level" (四下基层): A working method proposed by Xi Jinping during his tenure in Fujian, referring to publicizing policies at the grassroots, conducting research at the grassroots, receiving letters and visits at the grassroots, and holding on-site meetings at the grassroots. From the perspective of organizational construction, the organization is the foundation of the Party’s entire combat effectiveness. Implementing the spirit of the Eight-Point Regulations and making it a common code of conduct for the entire Party reflects and maintains the Party’s powerful mobilization capacity, organizational capacity, and cohesion. Once the Eight-Point Regulations “landed like a chess piece,” Party organizations at all levels and all Party members responded immediately to orders, ensuring that the entire Party acted in unison and that the Party Central Committee’s orders and policies were unimpeded; at the same time, it enhanced the people’s supervision awareness and law-based supervision capacity, winning the hearts and minds of both the Party and the people. From the perspective of discipline construction, the Eight-Point Regulations and their implementation rules are also an important part of discipline construction and specific norms that all Party cadres must observe. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that the Eight-Point Regulations are “neither the highest standard nor the ultimate goal, but only the first step in improving our work style, a basic requirement that we as Communists should meet,” and they are also a discipline that all Party members must observe. The newly revised Regulations of the Communist Party of China on Disciplinary Punishments incorporate relevant content of the Eight-Point Regulations into the Party’s six categories of discipline in the form of intra-Party regulations, solidifying them in institutional form, indicating the high line of values and delineating the red line of discipline, forming an “interlocking” and “closed loop” of disciplinary constraints and work style requirements, jointly contributing to the formation of “iron discipline,” “conscious discipline,” and a fine work style, reflecting the inherent unity of firm ideals and convictions with strict discipline, discipline with supervision, and the compulsion of discipline with its voluntary nature.

从政治建设看，中央八项规定的颁布和施行既是新时代党的作风建设的创新发展，也是党的政治建设的重要内容，体现了我们党在政治上的正确、坚定、清醒与执着。以习近平同志为核心的党中央始终坚持以正确的政治路线引领发展，高度警惕并及时纠正党的建设存在的问题与偏差。贯彻中央八项规定精神的一条成功经验就是从中央政治局抓起、自上而下推动，中央领导以身作则、以上率下，带领全党把政治标准贯穿作风建设全过程；使贯彻中央八项规定精神成为坚定拥护“两个确立”、坚决做到“两个维护”的政治检验。从组织建设看，组织是党的全部战斗力的基础。贯彻中央八项规定精神并使其成为全党共同的行为规范，体现并维护了我们党强大的动员力、组织力和凝聚力。中央八项规定“一子落地”，各级党组织和全体党员闻令而动，令行禁止，确保全党步调一致，党中央政令畅通；同时增强人民群众的监督意识和法治化监督能力，赢得了党心民心。从纪律建设看，中央八项规定及其实施细则也是纪律建设的重要内容，是全体党员干部必须遵守的具体规范。习近平总书记指出，中央八项规定“既不是最高标准，更不是最终目的，只是我们改进作风的第一步，是我们作为共产党人应该做到的基本要求”，同时也是所有党员必须遵守的纪律。新修订的《中国共产党纪律处分条例》以党内法规的形式将中央八项规定相关内容融入党的六项纪律中，以制度形式加以固化，指明了价值高线，也划定了纪律红线，形成了纪律约束与作风要求的“互嵌”“闭环”，共同助力“铁的纪律”“自觉的纪律”以及优良作风的形成，体现了坚定理想信念和严明纪律、纪律和监督、纪律强制性和自觉性的内在统一。

From the perspective of anti-corruption, although the anti-corruption struggle has achieved an overwhelming victory and been comprehensively consolidated, the situation of the anti-corruption struggle remains severe and complex, the task of eradicating the soil and conditions for corruption remains arduous and heavy, and further efforts are still needed to advance the integrated approach of ensuring that officials dare not, cannot, and do not want to be corrupt. Implementing the spirit of the Eight-Point Regulations clarifies, from the perspectives of disciplinary theory, philosophical theory, and practice, the revolutionary and scientific nature of simultaneously grasping Party spirit, Party conduct, and Party discipline, and linking the rectification of conduct, the enforcement of discipline, and the fight against corruption. The spirit of the Eight-Point Regulations points not only to work style issues but also to Party spirit issues; the work style issues and corruption issues of the ruling Party are both fundamental issues concerning the Party’s survival and extinction

从反腐败看，反腐败斗争虽然取得压倒性胜利并全面巩固，但是反腐败斗争形势仍然严峻复杂，铲除腐败滋生土壤和条件的任务仍然艰巨繁重，一体推进不敢腐、不能腐、不想腐仍需进一步加大力度。贯彻中央八项规定精神，从纪理哲理和实践上阐明了党性党风党纪一起抓，正风肃纪反腐相贯通的革命性和科学性。中央八项规定精神不仅指向作风问题，更关系党性问题，执政党的作风问题和腐败问题都是关系党生死存亡的根本问题。习近平总书记指出：“不正之风和腐败问题相互交织，是现阶段党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争要着力解决的突出问题。”从实践中看，作风问题背后往往存在腐败问题，腐败往往从作风堕落开始。近年来查处的大量腐败分子，大都存在违反中央八项规定精神问题，呈现“风腐一体”的特征。因此，党中央从中央八项规定抓起，从作风问题抓起，不断加大风腐同查同治力度，既由腐纠风、又由风查腐，深挖不正之风背后搞利益输送等腐败问题，深化一体推进不敢腐、不能腐、不想腐的体制机制，向全党释放一严到底、寸步不让的信号，形成震慑效应。

It should be recognized that whether it is vigorously rectifying violations such as unauthorized dining and gift-giving, or addressing issues like lack of accountability and inaction, the aim is to improve the Party’s conduct to guide social customs and public morality toward continuous improvement and upward progress, to foster a favorable social environment, and to steadily eradicate the soil and conditions that breed corruption. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, we have confronted the various problems and malaises existing within the Party, starting with the formulation and implementation of the Central Committee’s Eight-Point Regulations to break new ground, solving the question of what to address and how to address it in the context of work style improvement under the new circumstances, and promoting comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, as well as improvements in Party conduct, government conduct, and social conduct.” The formulation and implementation of the Central Committee’s Eight-Point Regulations mark a shift in the construction of a Marxist political party from primarily defending against the external risk of “color revolutions” to focusing on the self-reflexive construction of the subject through a self-revolution paradigm. Moreover, through the establishment of a tripartite mechanism of “punishment—supervision—education,” the implementation of the Eight-Point Regulations and the spirit of their detailed rules has moved beyond a campaign-style governance model, opening up an innovative pathway of institutionalized measures embedded within the overall framework of Party building.

应该看到，无论是大力整治违规吃喝、违规收送礼品礼金，还是改变不担当、不作为等问题，都旨在通过改进党风引领社风、民风不断向善向上，营造良好的社会环境，不断铲除腐败滋生的土壤和条件。习近平总书记指出：“党的十八大以来，我们直面党内存在的种种问题和弊端，从制定和执行中央八项规定破题，解决了新形势下作风建设抓什么、怎么抓的问题，推动了全面从严治党，推动了党风、政风、社风好转。”中央八项规定的制定和施行，标志着马克思主义政党建设从主要抵御“颜色革命”的外部风险防控，向聚焦主体自反性建构的自我革命型范式转变，而通过“惩治—监督—教育”三位一体的机制建设，也使中央八项规定及其实施细则精神的贯彻落实摆脱了运动式治理模式，开辟了制度化举措内嵌于党的建设整体的体制机制创新道路。

II. The Revolutionary Creation of Party Governance and State Governance in the New Era

二、新时代管党治党和治国理政的革命性创造

The promulgation and implementation of the Central Committee’s Eight-Point Regulations have historically changed China, becoming the “golden business card” of Party governance in the New Era. This landmark measure is rooted in the profound historical experience and Party spirit requirements accumulated by the Party over its long struggle. It focuses on the Party’s centralized, unified leadership and the people’s aspiration for a better life in the New Era and new journey, using institutional innovation to powerfully drive the Party’s revolutionary forging, thereby forming a new pattern of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party.

中央八项规定的颁布和施行历史性地改变了中国，成为新时代管党治党的“金色名片”。这一标志性措施根植于党在长期奋斗中积淀的深厚历史经验和党性要求，聚焦新时代新征程党的集中统一领导和人民美好生活，以制度创新有力推动党的革命性锻造，形成了全面从严治党新格局。

1. The Spirit of the Central Committee’s Eight-Point Regulations Inherits and Develops the Party’s Glorious Traditions and Fine Conduct

1、中央八项规定精神继承并发扬了党的光荣传统和优良作风

Fine conduct is a distinctive hallmark that distinguishes the Communist Party of China from any other political party. Throughout its century-long struggle, the CPC has always paid close attention to the construction of Party conduct, enriching and standardizing it as an important component of Party building. This has formed valuable experience in conduct construction and provided the historical foundation for implementing the spirit of the Central Committee’s Eight-Point Regulations.

优良作风是中国共产党区别于其他任何政党的显著标志。中国共产党在百年奋斗历程中始终高度关注党的作风建设，并将其作为党的建设的重要内容加以丰富和规范，形成了作风建设的宝贵经验，提供了贯彻中央八项规定精神的历史基础。

Emphasis is placed on guiding conduct construction with ideals and convictions, fundamentally raising ideological awareness. Whether it was the criticism of erroneous ideas like “anarchism” at the First National Congress of the CPC, the rectification of “Left” erroneous ideas after the Great Revolution, or the rectification of subjectivism, sectarianism, and dogmatism during the Yan’an Rectification Movement, these all indicate that the prerequisite and requirement for conduct construction is to clear away ideological fog and firmly establish correct ideals and convictions. In the “Gutian Congress Resolution,” Mao Zedong profoundly criticized the harm of subjectivism to revolutionary work, emphasizing the need to adhere to the Marxist stance, viewpoint, and method in analyzing, judging, and guiding work, and to strengthen investigation and research to grasp actual conditions, thereby setting requirements for the Party’s conduct. General Secretary Xi Jinping put forward the important concept that “conviction is the root, conduct is the form,” clarifying that strengthening conduct construction should “focus on firming up ideals and convictions, practicing the fundamental purpose, and strengthening moral cultivation” as the methodological pathway. When the root is correct, the form gathers; when the root is incorrect, the form scatters. The depth of ideological understanding and the purity of ideals and convictions directly determine the strength of conduct. It is precisely through the power of truth and the support of ideals and convictions that the Party’s conduct construction can always develop in the correct direction—toward improvement, progress, and goodness—providing a guarantee for the development of the Party’s cause.

注重以理想信念引领作风建设，从根本上提高思想认识。无论是党的一大对于“无政府主义”等错误思想的批判，还是大革命后对“左”倾错误思想的肃清，抑或延安整风运动对主观主义、宗派主义、教条主义的整治，都表明作风建设的前提和要求是廓清思想认识迷雾，坚定正确的理想信念。毛泽东在《古田会议决议》中深刻批判了主观主义对革命工作的危害，强调必须坚持用马克思主义的立场观点方法分析、研判和指导工作，加强调查研究来掌握实际情况，对党的作风提出了要求。习近平总书记提出了“信念是本，作风是形”的重要理念，阐明了加强作风建设要“重点突出坚定理想信念、践行根本宗旨、加强道德修养”的方法路径。本正而形聚，本不正则形散。思想认识的深度、理想信念的纯度直接决定了作风的强度。正是依靠真理的力量和理想信念的支撑，党的作风建设才能始终沿着正确的方向向好、向上、向善发展，为党的事业发展提供保障。

Emphasis is placed on leading by example from the top to drive the transformation of conduct, focusing on grasping the “key minority” to drive the “vast majority.” Whether it is “Zhu De’s carrying pole” from the Jinggangshan period or Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, and others in the Yan’an period planting vegetables and spinning cloth alongside ordinary people, numerous vivid and concrete examples in the Party’s history show that the “Yan’an conduct” was able to defeat the “Xi’an conduct” [4]4 "Four work methods at the grassroots level" (四下基层): A working method proposed by Xi Jinping during his tenure in Fujian, referring to publicizing policies at the grassroots, conducting research at the grassroots, receiving letters and visits at the grassroots, and holding on-site meetings at the grassroots. precisely because of the leading comrades of the Party Central Committee taking the lead, and because the top set an example for the bottom to follow. Entering the New Era, General

注重以上率下带动作风转变，强调抓“关键少数”带动“绝大多数”。无论是井冈山时期“朱德的扁担”，还是延安时期毛泽东、周恩来等与普通群众一样种菜、纺织，党史上一个个生动具体的事例表明，“延安作风”能够打败“西安作风”离不开党中央领导同志的身先士卒，离不开上率下随。进入新时代，习近平总书记指出：“各级领导干部要以身作则、率先垂范，说到的就要做到，承诺的就要兑现，中央政治局同志从我本人做起。”作风建设从领导干部做起，自上而下、以上率下，体现的是党的先进性和纯洁性要求，以及实现远大理想和共同理想必然要经历的艰苦卓绝的奋斗过程；体现的是党性与人民性的统一，党性对人性中消极因素的祛除。中国共产党以自我革命的政治品格层层带动各级领导干部把作风建设的要求抓实抓细，在密切联系群众中拥有推动党的事业发展的不竭动力。

Emphasizing seeking truth from facts to promote continuous improvement in work style, and resolutely opposing formalism. Seeking truth from facts is the fundamental viewpoint and basic method of Marxism, and the fundamental requirement for Chinese Communists to understand and transform the world. In terms of work style, it is concentratedly embodied in conducting in-depth investigation and research and always pursuing practical results. As early as the period of the New Democratic Revolution, Mao Zedong advocated vigorously promoting the practice of investigation and research, providing a foundation and creating conditions for exploring the correct revolutionary path and formulating effective struggle strategies, thereby promoting the adaptation of Marxism to the Chinese context. When Comrade Xi Jinping was working in Fujian, he proposed the "four work methods at the grassroots level" [4]4 "Four work methods at the grassroots level" (四下基层): A working method proposed by Xi Jinping during his tenure in Fujian, referring to publicizing policies at the grassroots, conducting research at the grassroots, receiving letters and visits at the grassroots, and holding on-site meetings at the grassroots., advocating going deep into the grassroots, into reality, and among the masses to understand the situation. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, General Secretary Xi Jinping has repeatedly emphasized adhering to seeking truth from facts in conducting research, vigorously promoting the spirit of pursuing practical results, establishing a correct outlook on development and political performance, insisting on proceeding from reality in everything, speaking truthfully, generating real momentum, taking concrete measures, and doing practical things, permeating every task with a pragmatic work style, further improving the Party's work style and image.

注重实事求是推动作风不断向好，力戒形式主义。实事求是是马克思主义的根本观点和基本方法，是中国共产党人认识世界、改造世界的根本要求，在作风上集中体现为深入调查研究、始终求真务实。早在新民主主义革命时期，毛泽东就倡导大兴调查研究之风，为探寻正确的革命道路、制定有效斗争策略提供基础、创造条件，推动马克思主义中国化。习近平同志在福建工作时就提出“四下基层”工作法，主张深入基层、深入实际、深入群众了解情况。党的十八大以来，习近平总书记多次强调坚持实事求是开展调研，大力弘扬求真务实精神，树立正确的发展观、政绩观，坚持一切从实际出发，讲实话、鼓实劲、出实招、办实事，将务实作风贯穿每项工作，进一步改善了党的作风形象。

From the Yan'an Rectification Movement [5]5 Yan'an Rectification Movement: A Party-wide Marxist education movement launched by the CPC from 1941 to 1945, centered in Yan'an, aimed at correcting subjectivism, sectarianism, and stereotypical Party writing. to the "Two Musts" [6]6 "Two Musts": A directive issued by Mao Zedong at the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee of the CPC in March 1949, calling on the entire Party to "remain modest, prudent, and free from arrogance and rashness" and to "remain hardworking and frugal.", from the Party rectification and consolidation movements in the early period of New China emphasizing the prevention of Party corruption and degeneration to "grasping both aspects" [7]7 "Grasping both aspects": A policy from the 1980s and 1990s, referring to simultaneously developing the socialist market economy and combating corruption, or simultaneously promoting material civilization and cultural-ethical progress. and the "three patterns of anti-corruption work" [8]8 "Three patterns of anti-corruption work": A framework established in the 1990s for anti-corruption work, comprising the three patterns of leading cadres' clean governance, investigation and handling of major cases, and rectifying unhealthy tendencies in departments and industries., and then to the Sixth Plenary Session of the 15th Central Committee of the CPC proposing the "eight upholds and eight oppositions" [9]9 "Eight upholds and eight oppositions": A set of principles proposed at the Sixth Plenary Session of the 15th Central Committee of the CPC in 2001, outlining eight pairs of correct and incorrect approaches to Party work style, such as upholding the combination of theory and practice while opposing subjectivism., and the Fourth Plenary Session of the 17th Central Committee of the CPC emphasizing "vigorously promoting the style of maintaining close ties with the masses, vigorously promoting the style of seeking truth and being pragmatic, vigorously promoting the style of hard struggle, and vigorously promoting the style of criticism and self-criticism" [10]10 "Vigorously promoting the style...": A directive from the Fourth Plenary Session of the 17th Central Committee of the CPC in 2009, emphasizing the promotion of four specific positive work styles within the Party., it is precisely rooted in the accumulation of the Party's historical practical experience that the Central Eight-Point Regulations have been able to manifest and continuously enrich and develop the Party's glorious traditions and fine work styles in a concrete institutional form, becoming the iron rule and hard benchmark for comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, and constructing an institutional carrier integrating Party spirit, work style, and Party discipline.

从延安整风运动到“两个务必”，从新中国初期整党整风运动强调防止党腐化变质到“两手抓”“反腐败三项格局”，再到党的十五届六中全会提出“八个坚持、八个反对”，党的十七届四中全会强调“大兴密切联系群众之风，大兴求真务实之风，大兴艰苦奋斗之风，大兴批评和自我批评之风”，正是扎根于党的历史实践经验积淀，中央八项规定得以将党的光荣传统和优良作风以具象的制度形态展现并不断丰富发展，成为全面从严治党的铁规矩、硬杠杠，构建起党性、党风、党纪一体化的制度载体。

2. Implementing the spirit of the Central Eight-Point Regulations and its detailed implementation rules has promoted the continuous improvement of the comprehensive and strict governance of the Party system and the national governance system.

2、贯彻中央八项规定及其实施细则精神促进了全面从严治党体系和国家治理体系不断健全

Implementing the spirit of the Central Eight-Point Regulations and its detailed implementation rules has further shaped the Party's political character, improved the Party's work style, tightened the Party's discipline, enhanced the Party's capabilities, and provided a guarantee for using the great self-revolution to lead the great social revolution.

贯彻中央八项规定及其实施细则精神，进一步塑造了党的政治品格，改进了党的作风，严明了党的纪律，增强了党的能力，以伟大自我革命引领伟大社会革命提供了保障。

The institutional breakthroughs of the Central Eight-Point Regulations and the spirit of its detailed implementation rules are mainly reflected in three dimensions: First, in terms of institutional form, a leap has been achieved from temporary policy requirements to a normalized institutional system. Through the dynamic revision of the detailed implementation rules, a closed-loop mechanism of "institutional formulation—supervision and inspection—accountability and rectification—improvement and enhancement" has been formed, breaking through the limitations of traditional campaign-style governance and creating a new paradigm of normalized, long-term, and institutionalized governance. Second, in terms of institutional effectiveness, a three-dimensional implementation framework of "'key minorities' demonstrating and leading—'overwhelming majority' following and executing—the broad masses of the people widely supervising" has been constructed. Through the normative application of different objects such as the "Central Eight-Point Regulations," the "Detailed Implementation Rules of the Central Eight-Point Regulations," and the "Spirit of the Central Eight-Point Regulations," the code of conduct of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee has been transformed into value standards and behavioral norms universally followed by the entire Party, reflecting the organic unity of institutional authority and demonstration effect. Finally, in terms of the logic of institutional innovation, a governance pathway of "small-cut establishing rules—gradual reform—systemic reshaping" has been pioneered. Taking the eight specific requirements as the entry point, grasping the key points to drive the overall situation, and using points to lead the whole, the basic principles and general requirements of the Party's work style construction are forged within it, promoting the systemic reshaping of the Party's and government's work style and the overall reconstruction of the Party's internal political ecosystem through small manifestations. The Central Eight-Point Regulations and its detailed implementation rules have both inherited the fine tradition of strict governance of the Party and promoted the enrichment and development of the theory of Marxist party building, consolidating the mass foundation for the Party's long-term governance.

中央八项规定及其实施细则精神的制度性突破主要体现在三个维度：首先，在制度形态上实现了从临时性政策要求向常态化制度体系的跃升，通过动态修订实施细则形成“制度制定—监督检查—问责整改—完善提升”的闭环机制，突破了传统运动式治理的局限，开创了常态化、长效化、制度化治理的新范式。其次，在制度效能上构建了“‘关键少数’示范引领—‘绝大多数’跟进执行—人民群众广泛监督”的立体执行框架，通过中央八项规定、“中央八项规定实施细则”“中央八项规定精神”等不同对象的规范适用，将中央政治局的行为准则转化为全党普遍遵循的价值标准和行为规范，体现了制度权威与示范效应的有机统一。最后，在制度创新逻辑上开创了“小切口立规—渐进式改革—系统性重塑”的治理路径，以八项具体要求为切入口，抓纲带目、以点带面将党的作风建设的基本原则和总体要求熔铸其中，以小见大推动党风政风的系统重塑和党内政治生态的整体重构。中央八项规定及其实施细则，既继承了从严管党治党的优良传统，又推动了马克思主义政党建设理论的丰富发展，巩固了党长期执政的群众根基。

The “moving the pole to win trust”[11]11 The “Four Forms of Decadence” (四风) refers to formalism, bureaucratism, hedonism, and extravagance, which were the targets of a Party-wide rectification campaign launched after the 18th National Congress of the CPC in 2012. effect of a political pledge. At the 2012 meeting of the Political Bureau that deliberated the Central Eight-Point Regulations, General Secretary Xi Jinping’s words carried weight: “Regulations are regulations; we will not add the word ‘trial’ to them. This is to show a resolute attitude, to show that these regulations are binding.” “We make these regulations not for show, not to fish for fame, but to do them honestly and earnestly.” From General Secretary Xi Jinping and leading

政治宣誓的“徙木立信”作用‌。在2012年审议中央八项规定的政治局会议上，习近平总书记的话语掷地有声：“规定就是规定，不加‘试行’两字，就是要表明一个坚决的态度，表明这个规定是刚性的。”“我们作这个规定，不是为了作秀，不是为了沽名钓誉，就是要老老实实去做。”从习近平总书记和中央领导同志带头遵守规定，到地方各级领导干部和广大党员紧紧跟随严格执行规定，中央八项规定以政治宣誓的形式迅速在全体党员和全国范围内传播，形成了“涟漪效应”直至“潮涌效应”。这一“踏石留印、抓铁有痕”的务实举措让普通群众切身感受到时代风气的深刻变革，展现了中国共产党人先律己再律人的政治作风和优良政治品格，重塑了人民群众对新时代党的形象的认知。

The role of “simultaneously breaking and establishing” in party governance. The Central Eight-Point Regulations may appear to concern minor matters, yet they embody the Party’s spirit of self-revolution and the situational demands of advancing comprehensive and strict governance of the Party. Over a long period, the Party developed many good practices in strengthening work style construction in practice, which were manifested through ideological education and Party spirit requirements. However, in terms of solidifying these into institutions and ensuring their rigid operation, there was once a degree of crudeness. Coupled with lapses in supervision, work style construction became distorted and deformed, easily creating a “broken window effect” [11]11 The “Four Forms of Decadence” (四风) refers to formalism, bureaucratism, hedonism, and extravagance, which were the targets of a Party-wide rectification campaign launched after the 18th National Congress of the CPC in 2012. in terms of institutional hard constraints. It was precisely in response to the prominent problems observed in practice that General Secretary Xi Jinping and the Party Central Committee, starting from advancing

政党治理的“破立并举”作用‌。中央八项规定看似小事，体现的却是党的自我革命精神和推动全面从严治党向纵深发展的形势要求。长期以来，党在实践中形成了加强作风建设许多好的做法，并通过思想教育和党性要求呈现出来，但在固化为制度并使其刚性运行方面曾一度较为粗放，加之监督失位，使作风建设走样变形，在制度硬约束上容易造成“破窗效应”。正是看到实践中存在的突出问题，习近平总书记和党中央从推进党的建设制度改革入手，将党性要求通过具体的制度融入党的建设，融入党的纪律，实现了“破潜规则、立明规矩”的制度权威再造。在“破”上，以雷霆之势自上而下对以往的积弊陋习进行系统整治；在“立”上，以“打铁还需自身硬”的政治自觉、作风建设长效机制的构建和新风正气的不断充盈来推动全党上下一心进行革命性锻造，使党始终保持先进性和纯洁性，显著增强了党的凝聚力和战斗力。这一重大实践既实现了“小切口”的制度突破，又带动了“大纵深”的政治生态重塑；既继承了马克思主义政党建设理论，又与中华优秀传统文化和当代政治实践相结合，形成了具有中国特色的“党性党风党纪一起抓”的政党治理新路径，为推进新时代党的建设新的伟大工程提供了重要经验。

The role of “popular will politics” in long-term governance. The Central Eight-Point Regulations and their implementation rules are not merely institutional norms that constrain Party cadres; they are also an important institutional bridge for cementing the flesh-and-blood bond between the Party and the people. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “What people regard as habitual problems of work style are often precisely the problems that cause fatal damage to the Party’s public credibility and image. Work style problems are by no means trivial matters; once they become a trend, the harm is enormous.” For a period of time, “corruption on the tip of the tongue, privilege on the wheels” gradually became commonplace social phenomena. Erroneous concepts such as the theory of minor matters in eating and drinking and the theory of industry exceptionalism eroded the thinking of Party cadres, and the people’s perception of the Party’s image deviated. The spirit of the Central Eight-Point Regulations starts with the “minor matters” that concern the people and affect their sense of happiness and gain, resolutely curbing the trends of eating and drinking extravagance, luxury, bureaucracy, and practices that infringe upon the people’s interests, thereby transforming the abstract nature and purpose of the Party into concrete institutional norms that can be supervised, perceived, and touched. At the same time, popular participation makes the connection between improving the Party’s work style and consolidating the ruling foundation more direct, concrete, and close. By rectifying the problems of the “Four Forms of Decadence” [11]11 The “Four Forms of Decadence” (四风) refers to formalism, bureaucratism, hedonism, and extravagance, which were the targets of a Party-wide rectification campaign launched after the 18th National Congress of the CPC in 2012., the Party-mass relationship has been reshaped, the connotation of the mass line in the New Era has been enriched, the driving force for self-revolution, which unifies intra-Party supervision and popular supervision, has been strengthened, and a new governance paradigm that integrates Party work style construction with social governance has been established.

长期执政的“民心政治”作用。中央八项规定及其实施细则不仅仅是约束党员干部的制度规范，更是密切党和人民群众血肉联系的重要制度桥梁。习近平总书记指出：“人们认为习以为常的一些作风问题，往往就是对党的公信力、党的形象带来致命破坏的问题。作风问题绝不是小事，一旦成风，危害巨大。”在一段时间内，“舌尖上的腐败、车轮上的特权”逐渐成为司空见惯的社会现象，吃喝小节论、行业特殊论等错误观念侵蚀党员干部思想，人民群众对党的形象认识发生偏离。中央八项规定精神从群众关心的、影响群众幸福感、获得感的“小事”入手，狠刹吃喝之风、奢靡之风、官僚之风以及侵害群众利益之风，让抽象的政党性质宗旨变成可监督、可感知、可触及的具体制度规范。与此同时，群众参与使改进党的作风与巩固执政基础的联系更加直接、具体、紧密。通过整治“四风”问题重塑了党群关系，丰富了新时代群众路线的内涵，增强了党内监督与人民监督相统一的自我革命动力，建立起党的作风建设与社会治理同构的新型治理范式。

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “Formulating and implementing the Central Eight-Point Regulations is our Party’s act of ‘moving a wooden pole to win the people’s trust’ [12]12 An allusion to the Warring States period reformer Shang Yang, who moved a wooden pole at the city gate and rewarded anyone who could move it to a new location, thereby demonstrating that his new laws would be strictly enforced and establishing popular trust in his reforms. in the New Era. We must persistently grasp it and make unremitting efforts to achieve lasting results. If ten years is not enough, then twenty years; if twenty years is not enough, then thirty years, until it truly becomes a custom and transforms into a common practice, using a fine Party conduct to guide social and popular conduct.” The implementation of the Central Eight-Point Regulations and the spirit of their implementation rules, on the one hand, cuts off the corrosion of political power by capital in the form of a “disciplinary red line,” enabling comrades within the Party to further “disenchant” capital and return public power to the correct track of “seeking benefits for the overwhelming majority of the people”; on the other hand, by persistently improving work style to maintain close ties with the people, it reconstructs the integrated relationship between the Party and the people, further confirming the truth of “the people are the creators of history” and “the Communist Party of China has always been the most reliable backbone of all the people when storms strike.”

习近平总书记指出：“制定实施中央八项规定，是我们党在新时代的徙木立信之举，必须常抓不懈、久久为功，十年不够就二十年，二十年不够就三十年，直至真正化风成俗，以优良党风引领社风民风。”中央八项规定及其实施细则精神的贯彻落实，一方面以“纪律红线”形式斩断了资本对政治权力的腐蚀，使党内同志进一步对“资本”祛魅，让公权力回归于“为绝大多数人谋利益”的正轨；另一方面，通过坚持不懈改善作风的方式密切联系群众，重构了党和人民的一体性关系，进一步确证“人民是历史的创造者”、“中国共产党始终是风雨来袭时全体人民最可靠的主心骨”的真理性。

III. New Pathways for Implementing the Spirit of the Central Eight-Point Regulations and Their Implementation Rules on the New Journey of the New Era

三、新时代新征程贯彻中央八项规定及其实施细则精神的新路径

The implementation of the spirit of the Central Eight-Point Regulations has provided a solid work style guarantee for the Party and the country’s cause to achieve historic accomplishments and undergo historic changes, and has gathered strong positive energy for Chinese-path modernization. On the new journey of comprehensively building a modern socialist country, facing the current complex and volatile domestic and international environment and the arduous and heavy tasks of reform, development, and maintaining stability, it is necessary to promote the implementation of the spirit of the Central Eight-Point Regulations in a more systematic, precise, and long-term manner.

中央八项规定精神的贯彻落实，为党和国家事业取得历史性成就、发生历史性变革提供了坚实作风保障，为中国式现代化建设凝聚了强大正能量。在全面建设社会主义现代化国家的新征程上，面对当前复杂多变的国内外环境和艰巨繁重的改革发展稳定任务，必须以更加系统、精准、长效的方式推进中央八项规定精神的落实。

1. Consolidating the ideological foundation through the normalization of study and education

1、以学习教育常态化筑牢思想根基

General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out: “Using centralized education to drive the entire Party to resolve prominent issues in work style through the spirit of self-revolution is an important historical experience.” Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, successive intra-Party centralized education campaigns have carried out concentrated rectification of stubborn and chronic problems in work style, greatly tempering Party spirit, improving work style, and tightening discipline. On the new journey of the New Era, implementing the spirit of the Eight-Point Regulations of the Central Committee and its detailed implementation rules must strengthen ideological armament and construct a normalized, long-term learning mechanism. First, it is necessary to adhere to studying and implementing Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as the primary political task, especially focusing on studying Xi Jinping’s important thoughts on Party building, on the self-revolution of the Party, and on work style construction, anchoring the value coordinates and Party spirit requirements for Party members to carry out normalized learning, and continuously enhancing the political judgment, political comprehension, and political execution capabilities of Party cadres. Second, it is necessary to adhere to keeping pace with the times and learning through integration and comprehension. The spirit of the Eight-Point Regulations of the Central Committee and its practical achievements are an important component of the great new project of Party building in the New Era, closely linked with the Party’s political construction, ideological construction, organizational construction, work style construction, discipline construction, institutional construction, and anti-corruption work. Currently, the entire Party is carrying out education and learning on thoroughly implementing the spirit of the Eight-Point Regulations of the Central Committee, which should be integrated and connected with the previously conducted thematic education on Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and education and learning on Party discipline. This is not only a requirement for scientifically understanding the laws of development but also a requirement of the systems theory of Party building. Through integrated and comprehensive learning and comprehension, it achieves a spiral ascent of theoretical cognition from “political identification” to “value internalization” to “conscious action,” thereby enhancing the political consciousness, ideological consciousness, and action consciousness of upholding the Two Establishments and achieving the Two Upholds, and promoting high-quality development of work. Third, it is necessary to adhere to innovating learning and education methods, continuously breaking the path dependence of traditional learning models, and persistently optimizing the coordinated operation of the supply of learning and education institutions, innovation in the organizational forms of learning and education, and the evaluation and feedback of learning and education effectiveness. Recently, the Party Central Committee, on the basis of previously dispatching 8 central guidance groups to regions and units where work on promoting learning and education was ineffective and problems were prominent, has added another 3 central guidance groups to carry out guidance and supervision. This reflects, on the one hand, the Party Central Committee’s firm determination to promote learning and education to go deeper and be more solid with strict standards and practical measures, and on the other hand, through the organizational form of central guidance groups, ensures that learning and education leaps from “visible coverage” to “effective coverage” from the two dimensions of pressure transmission and professional guidance, highlighting the unique political advantages of intra-Party learning and education. Fourth, it is necessary to adhere to the organic unity of theoretical armament and practical transformation, establishing a virtuous cycle of learning and application mutually reinforcing each other. Party organizations at all levels must, through systematic learning, continuously enhance their ability to discover and solve problems, while simultaneously testing the results of learning and education in practice, forming a closed-loop management of work style tempering and Party spirit cultivation. Strengthening learning and education, and consistently adhering to the spirit of the Eight-Point Regulations of the Central Committee, is essentially an important part of the Party’s self-revolution in the New Era. Through a normalized, long-term learning and education mechanism, it is necessary to effectively integrate political construction for soul-forging, ideological construction for gathering strength, discipline construction for consolidating foundations, and institutional construction for providing guarantees, ultimately achieving a deep transformation from “being forced to learn” to “wanting to learn” and from “passively changing” to “actively governing,” thereby achieving firm ideals and convictions, forging loyalty to the Party, purifying moral character, and maintaining clean governance.

习近平总书记指出：“通过集中教育推动全党以自我革命精神解决党风方面的突出问题，是一条重要历史经验。”党的十八大以来，历次党内集中教育活动，都对作风问题中的顽瘴痼疾进行了集中整治，极大地锤炼了党性、改善了作风、严明了纪律。新时代新征程上，贯彻中央八项规定及其实施细则精神必须加强思想武装，构建常态化、长效化的学习机制。首先，必须坚持以学习贯彻习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为首要政治任务，尤其是要重点学习习近平总书记关于党的建设的重要思想、关于党的自我革命的重要思想以及关于作风建设的重要论述，锚定党员开展常态化学习的价值坐标和党性要求，不断增强党员干部的政治判断力、政治领悟力、政治执行力。其次，必须坚持与时俱进、融会贯通学习。中央八项规定精神及其实践成果是新时代党的建设新的伟大工程的重要组成部分，与党的政治建设、思想建设、组织建设、作风建设、纪律建设、制度建设和反腐败工作紧密相连。当前，全党正在开展深入贯彻中央八项规定精神学习教育，要与此前开展的学习习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想主题教育、党纪学习教育贯通融合。这既是科学认识发展规律的要求，也是党的建设系统论的要求，通过融会贯通的学悟，实现从“政治认同”到“价值内化”再到“行动自觉”的理论认知的螺旋式上升，进而增强拥护“两个确立”、做到“两个维护”的政治自觉、思想自觉与行动自觉，推动工作高质量发展。再次，必须坚持创新学习教育方式，不断突破传统学习模式的路径依赖，持续优化学习教育制度供给、学习教育组织形式创新、学习教育效果评估反馈的协同运行。近期，党中央在前期针对推动学习教育工作不力、重点问题突出的地区单位派出8个中央指导组的基础上，又增派3个中央指导组开展指导督导，一方面体现了党中央以严的标准、实的举措推动学习教育走深走实的坚定决心，另一方面也通过中央指导组的组织形式，从压力传导和专业指导两个层面来确保学习教育从“有形覆盖”向“有效覆盖”跃升，彰显了党内学习教育特有的政治优势。最后，要坚持做好理论武装与实践转化的有机统一，建立起学用相长的良性循环。各级党组织要通过系统学习，不断提升发现问题、解决问题的能力，同时在实践中检验学习教育的成果，形成作风锤炼、党性锻炼的闭环管理。强化学习教育，始终坚持贯彻中央八项规定精神，本质上是新时代党的自我革命的重要内容，要通过常态化、长效化的学习教育机制将政治建设铸魂、思想建设聚力、纪律建设固本、制度建设保障进行有效贯通，最终实现从“要我学”到“我要学”、从“被动改”到“主动治”的深层转变，做到坚定理想信念，铸牢对党忠诚，纯正道德品质，保持清正廉洁。

2. Solving Problems Solidly through the Precision of Special Rectification

2、以专项整治精准化扎实解决问题

Problems are the voice of the times and also the orientation of work. The purpose of all top-level design, institutional supply, and mechanism construction is to promote the resolution of problems. Work style problems are stubborn, complex, and long-term; it is necessary to always adhere to a problem-oriented approach, have the courage to face problems directly, and use precise measures to break down chronic work style ills and urge rectification to be implemented in place. General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out: “To solve the problems of the ‘Four Forms of Decadence’ [13]13 The “Four Forms of Decadence” (四风) refers to formalism, bureaucratism, hedonism, and extravagance, a target of the CPC’s work style rectification campaigns since 2013., we must focus the focal length, find the acupoints, and grasp the key points; we cannot ‘lose focus’ or ‘scatter the light’.” At the beginning of the implementation of the Eight-Point Regulations of the Central Committee, it closely targeted the “Four Forms of Decadence” issues, persistently exerting force and working for a long time to concentrate on solving prominent problems such as unauthorized use of public funds for eating and drinking, private use of public vehicles, extravagant weddings and funerals, and demanding bribes and kickbacks. After more than a decade of continuous rectification, the “Four Forms of Decadence” issues have significantly decreased, but at the same time, problems such as “hidden mutations” and “new variations” have emerged. For example, unauthorized eating and drinking have put on a “cloak of invisibility,” publicly funded tourism has donned a “disguise,” and gift money and red envelopes have been transferred to “electronic accounts.” These new situations and new problems place higher demands on supervision and discipline enforcement and also bring greater challenges to systematic governance. Recently, the central-level work team for education and learning on thoroughly implementing the spirit of the Eight-Point Regulations of the Central Committee and the General Office of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection jointly notified several typical cases of violating the spirit of the Eight-Point Regulations of the Central Committee, indicating that work style ills have a recurrent and stubborn nature, and it is necessary to continuously maintain a high-pressure stance, with the sobriety and determination of being forever on the road, going towards problems and focusing on rectifying them. In terms of methods and approaches, it is necessary to both leverage the “probe” role of mass supervision and use modern technological means such as big data to improve the penetration and effectiveness of supervision. By using big data such as catering invoices and official vehicle trajectories for comparative analysis, hidden mutation problems can be exposed. In terms of problem focus, it is necessary to target efforts and be purposeful around solving problems such as “prominent issues strongly reflected by the masses,” “excessive burdens on grassroots levels,” “failure to take responsibility and inaction,” “unauthorized eating and drinking,” and “unauthorized acceptance of gifts and money,” carrying out special rectification. In terms of power supervision, it is necessary to standardize the boundaries of power operation, continuously improve the Party and state supervision systems, prevent the abuse and overflow of power, and block the pathways where work style and corruption mutually stimulate each other. In 2024, in accordance with the deployment of the Party Central Committee, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection carried out a special rectification of corruption and improper practices around the masses, which received a warm response. It is necessary to integrate the implementation of the spirit of the Eight-Point Regulations of the Central Committee with the continuous rectification of actions that infringe upon the interests of the masses, severely punish “fly-greed and ant-corruption,” and form a powerful deterrent. It is necessary to strictly implement the “Several Provisions on Rectifying Formalism to Reduce Burdens at the Grassroots Level,” eliminate “formalism at the fingertips,” and allow grassroots cadres to have more energy to serve the masses. Deepening special rectification also requires vigilance against the phenomenon of “rebound and resurgence.” It is necessary to establish a responsibility investigation mechanism of “one case, three investigations” [14]14 “One case, three investigations” (一案三查) is a disciplinary mechanism that, when investigating a violation, also examines the supervisory and leadership responsibilities of relevant Party organizations and officials. and a “look-back” evaluation system for rectification effectiveness, forming an effective mechanism for discovering problems, rectifying problems, and preventing the rebound of problems. Particularly noteworthy is that under the circumstances where the principle of equivalent exchange in the market economy may erode intra-Party political life, it is necessary to resolutely prevent “bringing the principle of commodity exchange into the Party,” strictly investigate hedonism and extravagance, implement the newly revised “Regulations on Party and Government Organs Practicing Thrift and Opposing Waste,” and ensure that the fine traditions of hard work, simplicity, thrift, and economy are continuously promoted in the New Era.

问题是时代的声音，也是工作的导向。所有顶层设计、制度供给、机制构建的目的都是为了推动问题的解决。作风问题具有顽固性、复杂性、长期性，必须始终坚持问题导向，勇于直面问题，以精准施策破解作风顽疾、督促整改到位。习近平总书记指出：“解决‘四风’问题，要对准焦距、找准穴位、抓住要害，不能‘走神’，不能‘散光’。”中央八项规定实施之初，就紧盯“四风”问题持续发力，久久为功，聚力解决公款吃喝、公车私用、大操大办、吃拿卡要等突出问题。经过十几年的持续整治，“四风”问题显著下降，但同时也出现了“隐形变异”“花样翻新”等问题。比如，违规吃喝穿上“隐身衣”，公款旅游戴上“变相帽”，礼金红包转入“电子账”，这些新情况新问题对监督执纪提出了更高要求，也给系统治理带来了更大挑战。近期，中央层面深入贯彻中央八项规定精神学习教育工作专班和中央纪委办公厅联合通报了多起违反中央八项规定精神问题的典型案例，表明作风积弊具有反复性和顽固性，必须持续保持高压态势，以永远在路上的清醒和坚定，奔着问题去、盯着问题改。在方式方法上，既要发挥群众监督的“探头”作用，又要运用大数据等现代科技手段提高监督的穿透力、有效性，通过运用餐饮发票、公车轨迹等大数据进行比对分析，让隐形变异问题无处遁形。在问题聚焦上，要围绕解决“群众反映强烈的突出问题”“基层负担过重”“不担当不作为”“违规吃喝”“违规收送礼品礼金”等问题靶向发力、有的放矢，开展专项治理。在权力监督上，要规范权力运行的边界，不断完善党和国家监督体系，防止权力滥用和溢出，阻断风腐相互激荡的路径。2024年，按照党中央的部署，中央纪委开展群众身边腐败问题和不正之风的专项治理，取得热烈反响。要将贯彻中央八项规定精神与持续整治侵害群众利益相结合，严惩“蝇贪蚁腐”，形成有力震慑。要严格落实《整治形式主义为基层减负若干规定》，破除“指尖上的形式主义”，让基层干部有更多精力服务群众。深化专项整治还需警惕“反弹回潮”现象。要通过建立“一案三查”责任追究机制和整改成效“回头看”评估体系，形成发现问题、整改问题、防止问题反弹的有效机制。特别值得注意的是，在市场经济等价交换原则可能侵蚀党内政治生活的情况下，必须坚决防止“将商品交换原则带入党内”，严查享乐主义、奢靡之风，贯彻落实好新修订的《党政机关厉行节约反对浪费条例》，让艰苦朴素、勤俭节约的优良作风在新时代持续弘扬。

3. Perfecting the Governance Framework through the Long-Term Institutionalization of the System

3、以制度体系长效化完善治理框架

Transforming the spirit of the Central Eight-Point Regulations into long-term effective institutional arrangements is the key to consolidating the achievements of work style improvement. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: “We must earnestly and meticulously carry out the follow-up work of studying and implementing the spirit of the Central Eight-Point Regulations; the problems identified must be genuine, and the rectification measures must be solid, ensuring tangible results. We must promptly summarize the effectiveness and experience of the study and implementation, and improve the institutional mechanisms for the normalization and long-term effectiveness of work style improvement.” [15]15 The “Central Eight-Point Regulations” (八项规定) were introduced by the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee in December 2012 to improve Party and government work style, requiring frugality, efficiency, and closer ties with the masses. On the new journey of the New Era, to advance the thorough implementation of the spirit of the Central Eight-Point Regulations, we must construct a system of institutions that is complete, scientifically standardized, and effectively operational, achieving a deepening from “treating symptoms” to “treating root causes.” First, the establishment of a responsibility system for comprehensive and strict governance of the Party is the foundation. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “The main responsibility, supervisory responsibility, the responsibility of the first responsible person, and ‘one post with dual responsibilities’ [16]16 “One post with dual responsibilities” (一岗双责) refers to the requirement that leading cadres are responsible for both their professional duties and the Party-building and anti-corruption work within their jurisdiction. for Party management and governance constitute a complete chain of responsibilities; each type of responsibility must be strictly fulfilled.” By constructing a responsibility system, we layer and consolidate leadership responsibilities at each level, transmit pressure, and convey the determination and attitude of the Party Central Committee regarding comprehensive and strict governance of the Party to every corner and boundary. Leading Party members and cadres at all levels must resolutely abandon the “bystander” mentality, understand work style improvement and the spirit of the Central Eight-Point Regulations from the perspective of the Party’s survival or demise, its rise or fall, and with the political loyalty of loving the Party, worrying about the Party, protecting the Party, and revitalizing the Party, faithfully fulfill the main responsibility, supervisory responsibility, and related responsibilities of functional departments, ensuring that the responsibility system for the Party Central Committee’s decisions and deployments plays its role. Second, refining and implementing specific institutions is the key. All regions and departments need to formulate differentiated implementation measures based on their own actual conditions, transforming principled requirements into specific, operational, and assessable norms, and implementing classified policies to enhance the targeted nature and effectiveness of institutional operations. In the implementation process, we must strictly prevent formalism, going through the motions, one-size-fits-all approaches, and even “outward compliance but inward opposition,” engaging in “low-level red, high-level black,” [17]17 “Low-level red, high-level black” (低级红、高级黑) is a term used in Chinese political discourse to describe forms of propaganda or behavior that, while ostensibly supporting the Party, either appear simplistic and counterproductive (“low-level red”) or subtly undermine the Party’s image through excessive or insincere praise (“high-level black”). and eliminate behaviors such as “cracking down on illegal eating and drinking” turning into “prohibiting normal dining and consumption.” Third, forming a closed loop of supervision institutions is the focus. We must keep a close eye on key targets and key matters, improve institutional mechanisms that unify authorization, exercise of power, and restriction of power, making them clear, transparent, and traceable, truly confining power within the cage of institutions. By establishing a mechanism of “typical case notification—warning education—rectification review,” we combine individual case investigation with systematic governance, systematically sort out and summarize the results of case investigations, elevate them to institutional experience, and achieve the effect of investigating one case, warning an entire area, and governing one domain. Fourth, empowering governance effectiveness with technology is the trend. We must actively utilize modern technological means, explore the establishment of a blockchain evidence storage system for official consumption, design and develop an early warning index model for the “four forms of decadence,” [18]18 The “four forms of decadence” (四风) refers to formalism, bureaucratism, hedonism, and extravagance, which have been the targets of the CPC’s work style improvement campaign since 2013. promote the “code-based supervision” mass reporting platform, and construct an intelligent supervision system combining online and offline methods. While enhancing supervision efficiency, we guide the broad masses to participate, raise their supervision awareness, and truly transform work style improvement into a common action of the entire Party and society, truly achieving “transforming customs into common practice.” [19]19 “Transforming customs into common practice” (化风成俗) is a four-character idiom used in Chinese political language to mean that a policy or practice has become so deeply ingrained that it becomes a social norm or custom. Fifth, strengthening cultural guidance and cultivating new trends and healthy atmosphere is the support. While perfecting rigid constraints, we must focus on cultivating the intra-Party political culture of “seeking truth and being pragmatic, being upright and honest” and the social culture of “advocating integrity and opposing extravagance,” and build a pro-clean government-business relationship. Through media publicity, model demonstration, and other means, we should integrate clean culture into community governance and the construction of rural customs and civilization, promote the extension and radiation of the Party’s fine work style to the social level, and form a dynamic situation of positive interaction between Party conduct and government conduct, and social customs and public sentiment. We must intensify education from both positive and negative aspects, leveraging the leading and exemplary role of advanced models while also exerting the deterrent force of warning education, achieving equal emphasis on high-standard guidance and bottom-line constraints.

将中央八项规定精神转化为长期有效的制度安排，是巩固作风建设成果的关键。习近平总书记强调：“要抓紧抓细深入贯彻中央八项规定精神学习教育后续工作，查摆问题要真，整改措施要实，确保取得实效。要及时总结学习教育成效和经验，完善作风建设常态化长效化制度机制。”新时代新征程，推进中央八项规定精神贯彻落实，必须构建系统完备、科学规范、运行有效的制度体系，实现从“治标”向“治本”的深化。第一，全面从严治党责任体系的建立是基础。习近平总书记指出：“管党治党主体责任、监督责任、第一责任人责任、‘一岗双责’等构成完整的责任链条，每一种责任都要严格落实。”通过构建责任体系，层层压实领导责任，传导压力，把党中央关于全面从严治党的决心、态度传递到底、到边。各级党员领导干部要坚决摒弃“看客”心态，要从关乎党的生死存亡、兴衰成败角度来认识作风建设和中央八项规定精神，以爱党、忧党、护党、兴党的政治忠诚，不折不扣地履行好主体责任、监督责任和职能部门相关责任，确保党中央决策部署的责任体系发挥作用。第二，细化落实具体制度是关键。各地区各部门需要结合自身实际，制定差异化的落实措施，将原则性要求转化为可操作、可考核的具体规范，分类施策提高制度运行的针对性和实效性。在执行过程中严防搞形式、走过场、一刀切，甚至“阳奉阴违”，搞“低级红、高级黑”，杜绝出现“整治违规吃喝”变成“禁止正常吃喝消费”等行为。第三，形成监督制度闭环是重点。紧盯重点对象和重点事项，健全授权用权制权相统一、清晰透明可追溯的制度机制，真正把权力关进制度的笼子。通过建立“典型案例通报—警示教育—整改回头看”机制，将个案查处与系统治理相结合，并对案件查办成果进行系统梳理总结，上升为制度经验，达到查处一案、警示一片、治理一域的效果。第四，科技赋能提升治理效果是趋势。积极运用现代科技手段，探索建立公务消费区块链存证系统，设计研发“四风”问题预警指数模型，推广“码上监督”群众举报平台，构建线上线下相结合的智慧监督体系，在提升监督效率的同时，引导广大群众参与，提升监督意识，让作风建设真正成为全党全社会的共同行动，真正实现“化风成俗”。第五，强化文化引领、培育新风正气是支撑。在完善刚性约束的同时，注重培育“求真务实、清正廉洁”的党内政治文化和“崇廉尚俭”的社会文化，构建亲清政商关系。要通过媒体宣传、典型示范等方式，将廉洁文化融入社区治理和乡风文明建设，推动党的优良作风向社会层面延伸辐射，形成党风政风与社风民风良性互动的生动局面。要加大正反两方面教育力度，既发挥先进典型的引领示范作用，也发挥警示教育的震慑力度，做到高线引领与底线约束并重。

4. Promoting Collaborative Governance in an Integrated Manner with Systematic Thinking

4、以系统思维一体化推动协同治理

Work style improvement involves multiple factors such as ideological concepts, behavioral habits, and institutional mechanisms. It is a systematic project that must employ systematic thinking, overall planning, and coordinated advancement. On the new journey of the New Era, implementing the spirit of the Central Eight-Point Regulations cannot be done in isolation, focusing solely on work style; it should be placed within the overall framework of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, aligned with the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, achieving the unity of deepening understanding and earnest practice, the unity of identifying problems and creating a strict atmosphere, and the unity of immediate rectification and normalized long-term effectiveness, forming a good momentum of overall advancement. From the dimension of national governance, implementing the spirit of the Central Eight-Point Regulations is an important yardstick for testing the “Two Upholds.” [20]20 The “Two Upholds” (两个维护) refers to upholding General Secretary Xi Jinping’s core position in the Party Central Committee and the Party as a whole, and upholding the authority and centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee. By incorporating common, frequent, and multiple disciplinary and illegal acts into the scope of rectification through institutionalized implementation rules, it connects and integrates with the construction of a long-term mechanism that simultaneously promotes the deterrence of “not daring to be corrupt,” the prevention of “not being able to be corrupt,” and the cultivation of “not wanting to be corrupt,” forming a system and mechanism for promoting power supervision and restriction. From the perspective of social governance, the grassroots level is the “last kilometer” for connecting with and serving the masses; the quality of work style directly affects the effectiveness of policy implementation and the Party’s image. Work style improvement must be deeply integrated into grassroots governance. By implementing the spirit of the Central Eight-Point Regulations, we continuously regulate the operation of grassroots “micro-power,” resolutely rectify behaviors that infringe upon the interests of the masses, and consolidate the Party’s mass foundation for governance. From the perspective of corruption governance, unhealthy tendencies provide a breeding ground for corruption; behind corruption problems, there are often work style issues, with a clear characteristic of “integration of work style and corruption.” We must adhere to strict standards, increase the intensity of simultaneous investigation and punishment of work style and corruption, deeply explore the ideological understanding and work style issues at the root of corruption, establish systems and mechanisms to block the transition from work style issues to corruption, and prevent degeneration from minor matters of work style into the abyss of corruption and crime. Furthermore, we must grasp the relationship between punishment and prevention, work style and discipline, education and rectification as a whole, and coordinate the combination of the point of the Central Eight-Point Regulations and the surface of work style improvement. Work style improvement has long-term and complex characteristics; it must be implemented comprehensively and persistently, combining phased key advancements with sustained normalized long-term effectiveness, to avoid “one-shot” governance and ensure that the effectiveness of work style improvement withstands the test of practice and history.

作风建设涉及思想观念、行为习惯、制度机制等多重因素，是一项系统工程，必须运用系统思维，统筹谋划，协同推进。新时代新征程，贯彻中央八项规定精神，不能孤立地就作风抓作风，而应将其置于全面从严治党的大局中把握，与国家治理体系和治理能力现代化相衔接，做到推动学深悟透与笃行实干相统一、查摆问题与营造严的氛围相统一、立行立改与常态长效相统一，形成整体推进的良好态势。从国家治理维度看，贯彻中央八项规定精神是检验“两个维护”的重要标尺，通过制度化的实施细则把常见、易发、多发的违纪违法行为纳入整治范围，与构建一体推进不敢腐、不能腐、不想腐的长效机制相衔接、相贯通，形成推进权力监督制约的体制机制。从社会治理角度看，基层是联系服务群众的“最后一公里”，作风好坏直接影响政策执行效果和党的形象。必须将作风建设深度融入基层治理，通过贯彻中央八项规定精神来持续规范基层“微权力”运行，坚决整治侵害群众利益的行为，筑牢党执政的群众基础。从腐败治理角度看，不正之风为腐败提供了滋生的土壤，腐败问题的背后往往有作风问题，“风腐一体”特征明显。必须坚持严格标准，加大风腐同查同治力度，深挖腐败根源上的思想认识和作风问题，建立阻断由风及腐的体制机制，防范从作风小事小节蜕化变质，堕入腐败犯罪深渊。此外，要从整体上把握惩治与防范、作风与纪律、教育与整治的关系，统筹抓好中央八项规定这个点和作风建设这个面的结合。作风建设具有长期性、复杂性特征，必须综合实施、久久为功，将阶段性重点推进与持续性常态长效结合起来，才能避免“一阵风”式治理，确保作风建设成效经得起实践和历史的检验。

As the “political code that changed China,” the vitality of the Central Eight-Point Regulations lies in continuous innovative practice, strengthening Party spirit, and constantly advancing the Party’s self-revolution. Practice has fully proven that the Central Eight-Point Regulations are a major measure for comprehensive and strict governance of the Party and a strategic arrangement for purifying the political ecosystem. They profoundly affect the development of various undertakings of the Party and the state, and their significance far exceeds work style improvement itself. Standing at a new historical starting point, the implementation of the spirit of the Central Eight-Point Regulations has entered a new stage of systematic integration, synergy, and efficiency. Facing the future, on the new journey, we must always maintain the sobriety and firmness of “being on a ‘test’,” [21]21 “Being on a ‘test’” (赶考) is a historical metaphor derived from Mao Zedong’s reference to the CPC’s assumption of national power in 1949 as a “test” for the Party, and is now used to emphasize the need for continued vigilance and self-improvement. adhere to the guidance of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important thought on the Party’s self-revolution, use more scientific methods, more rigorous work styles, and more powerful measures to continuously deepen the implementation of the spirit of the Central Eight-Point Regulations, persist in the long-term tone of strictness, improve the normalized and long-term mechanisms for work style improvement and integrate them into the process of Chinese-path modernization, and better lead the great social revolution with the Party’s self-revolution.

中央八项规定作为“改变中国的政治密码”，其生命力在于持续创新实践，增强党性，不断推进党的自我革命。实践充分证明，中央八项规定是全面从严治党的重大举措，也是净化政治生态的战略安排，深刻影响着党和国家各项事业发展，其意义远超作风建设本身。站在新的历史起点上，中央八项规定精神的贯彻落实已进入系统集成、协同高效的新阶段。面向未来，新征程上必须始终保持“赶考”的清醒和坚定，坚持以习近平总书记关于党的自我革命的重要思想为指引，以更加科学的方法、更加严实的作风、更加有力的举措，持续深化中央八项规定精神贯彻落实，把严的基调长期坚持下去，完善作风建设常态化、长效化机制并融入中国式现代化进程，以党的自我革命更好地引领伟大社会革命。

(Authors: Professor at the Beidaihe Campus of the China Institute of Discipline Inspection and Supervision; Assistant Researcher at the China Institute of Discipline Inspection and Supervision)

（作者系中国纪检监察学院北戴河校区教授；中国纪检监察学院助理研究员）

Online Editor: Ma Jingren

网络编辑：马京仁