The Names of Anti-Japanese Heroes Are Engraved on the Motherland

The heroic spirit of heaven and earth remains awe-inspiring through the ages. The Chinese nation is a nation of heroes. Throughout the long river of history, countless admirable heroes have emerged, making indelible contributions to the development and progress of the Chinese nation with their extraordinary courage, outstanding wisdom, and great spirit of sacrifice. Especially during the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, facing the vicious Japanese militarist aggressors, countless heroic patriots, with absolute loyalty, the fervent commitment to defend the homeland, and the fearless courage to fight to the death, staged one stirring and tragic heroic feat after another on Chinese soil. The names and deeds of these heroes are forever recorded in history, carved into monuments and pagodas, written into city streets, and merged into mountains and rivers. Every red landmark named after a hero has frozen an unforgettable memory of the War of Resistance, transcending time and space, writing the heroic epic of the Chinese nation, and erecting immortal monuments in the history of the War of Resistance.

天地英雄气，千秋尚凛然。中华民族是英雄辈出的民族，在历史长河中，涌现出无数令人景仰的英雄，他们以非凡的勇气、卓越的智慧和伟大牺牲精神，为中华民族的发展和进步作出不可磨灭的贡献。特别是在中国人民抗日战争中，面对穷凶极恶的日本军国主义侵略者，无数英雄志士以赤胆忠心、保家卫国的热血担当和血战到底的大无畏勇气，在中华大地上演了一幕幕可歌可泣的英雄壮举。这些英雄的名字和事迹永载史册，被刻进纪念碑塔、写进城市街道、融入山川河流。每一个以英雄之名命名的红色地标，都定格了一段难忘的抗战记忆，穿越时空、书写了中华民族的英雄史诗，在抗日战争历史上矗立了一座座不朽丰碑。

I. Enduring as the Sun and Moon, Eternal as Mountains and Rivers: The Group of Anti-Japanese Heroes Shines Across the Land of China

一、日月同辉、山川永驻，抗日英雄群体辉映华夏大地

During the War of Resistance, numerous heroic groups emerged within the valiant Chinese military. Although the smoke of war has long since dissipated, the landmarks of the War of Resistance engraved on the land of China silently tell the earth-shaking and soul-stirring stories of the people's heroes, eulogizing their great achievements during those extraordinary years.

在抗日战争中，英勇的中国军队中涌现出众多的英雄群体。尽管战争的硝烟早已散去，但刻印在中华大地上的抗战地标，默默讲述着人民英雄感天动地、气壮山河的抗战故事，歌颂着在那段峥嵘岁月里抗战英雄们的伟大功绩。

The "Hundred-Regiment Campaign Monument" on Mount Shinao stands tall, inscribing the heroic feats of the Eighth Route Army in bloody battle. Mount Shinao, as a key battlefield of the Hundred-Regiment Campaign, witnessed the tragic epic of the Communists fighting the Japanese invaders to the death. On the main peak of Mount Shinao in the suburbs of Yangquan City, Shanxi Province, the "Hundred-Regiment Campaign Monument" towers. The main monument is 40 meters high, shaped like a sharp bayonet, symbolizing the people's heroes' spirit of defying brute force, remaining unyielding, and resisting foreign enemies. In August 1940, to smash the invading Japanese army's "cage policy" [1]1 The "cage policy" (囚笼政策) was a Japanese military strategy during the war, aiming to trap and destroy Chinese communist forces by building blockhouses, trenches, and fortified lines to restrict their movement. and curb the trend of compromise and surrender by the Kuomintang diehards, the Eighth Route Army, led by the Communist Party of China, deployed 105 regiments, approximately 400,000 troops, behind enemy lines in North China. Along a battle line stretching 2,500 kilometers, they launched the world-famous Hundred-Regiment Campaign, aimed at destroying the Zhengtai Railway [2]2 The Zhengtai Railway (正太铁路) connected Shijiazhuang (in Hebei) and Taiyuan (in Shanxi); it was a key target of the Hundred-Regiment Campaign. and eliminating enemy effectives. Due to its geographical advantage of controlling the strategic Zhengtai Railway, Mount Shinao became the key to the success or failure of the Hundred-Regiment Campaign. Under the command of Brigade Commander Chen Xilian [3]3 Chen Xilian (陈锡联, 1915–1999) was a prominent Chinese communist military commander who later became a general and held senior political positions., the 769th Regiment and the 14th Regiment of the 385th Brigade of the 129th Division of the Eighth Route Army tenaciously held Mount Shinao, fighting a bloody battle for seven days and seven nights. Enemy bombers strafed in groups at low altitude, and heavy artillery bombardments churned the entire mountain like rolling waves; the battle was unprecedentedly fierce. Some soldiers, after running out of ammunition and food, embraced the enemy and rolled down the cliff together; others, in their last moments, still tightly gripped their bayonets. They firmly held Mount Shinao, successfully seized the initiative on the entire battlefield, dealt a heavy blow to the arrogance of the Japanese invaders, demonstrated the prestige of the anti-Japanese military and civilians behind enemy lines led by the Communist Party of China, and greatly boosted the fighting spirit of the entire nation. In August 1941, to retaliate against the Eighth Route Army, the Japanese army mobilized over 70,000 troops to launch a devastating "mopping-up" campaign [4]4 "Mopping-up" campaigns (大扫荡) were large-scale Japanese military operations aimed at destroying communist base areas and eliminating resistance forces. against the Jin-Cha-Ji Border Region base area [5]5 The Jin-Cha-Ji Border Region (晋察冀边区) was a major communist-led base area during the war, covering parts of Shanxi, Chahar, and Hebei provinces.. On September 25, over 3,500 Japanese and puppet troops besieged the Langya Mountain area southwest of Yi County, attempting to annihilate the Eighth Route Army and local Party and government organs in the area. The 7th Company of the 1st Regiment of the 1st Military Sub-district of the Jin-Cha-Ji Military District of the Eighth Route Army was ordered to cover the transfer of Party and government organs, troops, and civilians. After completing the mission and withdrawing, the 6th Squad, led by Ma Baoyu and four other soldiers, was left to serve as a rear guard to cover the company's withdrawal. The five soldiers, calm and resolute, used the favorable terrain to fight back bravely, repelling multiple attacks by the Japanese and puppet troops, killing or wounding over 90 of them. The next day, to prevent the Japanese and puppet troops from discovering the direction of the company's transfer, they fought and retreated, luring the enemy to the dead end of Qipantuo Peak on Langya Mountain. The Japanese and puppet troops, thinking they had pinned down the main force of the Eighth Route Army, launched a fierce assault. The five soldiers faced danger fearlessly, putting up a heroic resistance. After running out of bullets, they fought back with stones, continuing the battle until sunset. Facing the approaching Japanese and puppet troops, they preferred death to surrender, destroyed their guns, and leaped off the tens-of-zhang-high [6]6 A zhang (丈) is a traditional Chinese unit of length, approximately 3.33 meters. cliff. The feat of the five soldiers demonstrated lofty patriotism, revolutionary heroism, and unyielding national integrity, earning them the reputation among the people as the "Five Heroes of Langya Mountain."

狮脑山“百团大战纪念碑”高高耸立，铭刻八路军浴血抗战的英雄壮举。狮脑山作为百团大战关键战场，见证了共产党人血战日寇的壮烈史诗。在山西阳泉市郊区的狮脑山主峰上，高耸着“百团大战纪念碑”，主碑高40米，形如一把锋利的刺刀，象征着人民英雄不畏强暴、威武不屈、抗击外敌的抗战精神。1940年8月，为粉碎侵华日军“囚笼政策”、遏制国民党顽固派的妥协投降逆流，中国共产党领导的八路军在华北敌后出动105个团、约40万兵力，在长达2500公里的战线上，展开了一场以破坏正太路交通、消灭敌人有生力量为目的的举世闻名的百团大战。狮脑山因其扼守正太铁路要道的地理优势，成为关乎百团大战胜败的关键所在。八路军129师385旅769团和14团在旅长陈锡联指挥下，顽强地坚守狮脑山，血拼七天七夜，敌人的轰炸机成群结队低空扫射，重炮轰鸣将整座山炸得如同翻滚的浪涛，战斗空前惨烈。有的战士弹尽粮绝后抱着敌人一起滚下山崖，有的在生命最后一刻还紧握刺刀，牢牢守住了狮脑山，成功掌握了整个战场的主动权，沉重打击了日寇嚣张气焰，打出了中国共产党领导的敌后抗日军民的声威，极大地振奋了全国军民的斗志。1941年8月，为报复八路军，日军调集7万余人的兵力，对晋察冀边区根据地进行毁灭性“大扫荡”。9月25日，日伪军3500余人围攻易县城西南的狼牙山地区，企图歼灭该地区的八路军和地方党政机关。八路军晋察冀军区第1军分区第1团第7连奉命掩护党政机关、部队和群众转移。完成任务撤离时，留下第6班马宝玉等5名战士担负后卫阻击，掩护全连转移。5名战士坚定沉着，利用有利地形，奋勇还击，打退日伪军多次进攻，毙伤90余人。次日，为了不让日伪军发现连队转移方向，他们边打边撤，将日伪军引向狼牙山棋盘陀峰顶绝路。日伪军以为咬住了八路军主力，遂发起猛攻。5位战士临危不惧，英勇阻击，子弹打光后，用石块还击，一直坚持战斗到日落。面对步步逼近的日伪军，他们宁死不屈，毁掉枪支，纵身跳下数十丈深的悬崖。5位战士的壮举，表现了崇高的爱国主义、革命英雄主义精神和坚贞不屈的民族气节，被人民群众誉为“狼牙山五壮士”。

"Mount Jingyu" lies quietly between the white mountains and black waters, commemorating the immortal legend of the arduous struggle of the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army. On the east bank of the Hun River in Tonghua, Jilin Province, there is an unremarkable mountain peak. On it stand the Yang Jingyu Martyr Cemetery and the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army Memorial Hall, telling the world the great achievements of this heroic force. After the September 18th Incident [7]7 The September 18th Incident (1931) was a Japanese false-flag attack that served as a pretext for the invasion and occupation of Northeast China (Manchuria)., the Japanese invaders attacked, and the nation was in peril. Facing the Kuomintang's "policy of non-resistance," the Communist Party of China continuously issued anti-Japanese declarations and resolutions, urgently mobilizing the masses in the Northeast and calling for the entire nation to arm itself for resistance. Under the leadership of our Party, a heroic force, isolated behind enemy lines on the Northeast anti-Japanese battlefield, fought an arduous and bitter struggle against the invaders. Using captured Type 38 rifles to fight against tanks, clenching grenades with frostbitten fingers, they overcame countless hardships and dangers, persisting in battle against the Japanese and puppet forces. They eventually developed into a formidable force of 11 armies and over 30,000 troops—the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army. This was the heroic force that resisted the enemy earliest, persisted the longest, and fought under the most perilous conditions among the white mountains and black waters. Using the deep mountains and dense forests as cover, with only simple equipment and guerrilla tactics of "one drag, two pulls, three fast moves" [8]8 "One drag, two pulls, three fast moves" (一拖二拉三快) refers to a simple guerrilla tactic: dragging the enemy into unfavorable positions, pulling them apart, and executing fast maneuvers., they tenaciously fought the invading enemy, who possessed air power and modern weaponry, waging arduous guerrilla warfare. The Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army lost contact with the Party Central Committee and suffered severe supply shortages. Yet, the officers and soldiers, with their lives and faith, fought bitterly against the enemy for 14 years in the extremely harsh environment of the ice and snow of the Changbai Mountains, completing a tenacious struggle that surpassed human limits. With a casualty rate of 90%, they pinned down a large number of Japanese troops, writing an extremely tragic miracle of guerrilla warfare in the history of the Chinese People's War of Resistance. In October 1938, eight female anti-Japanese fighters, led by Leng Yun, the political instructor of the Women's Regiment of the 1st Division of the 5th Army of the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army, were surrounded by Japanese troops on the banks of the Wusihun River, a tributary of the Mudan River. To cover the main force's breakout, they resolutely gave up crossing the river and actively drew enemy fire. With their backs to the water, after running out of ammunition and facing the enemy's demand for surrender, the eight female fighters showed no fear and would rather die than become prisoners! They destroyed their guns, linked arms, waded into the Wusihun River, and collectively drowned. The oldest was 23 years old, the youngest only 13. The sheer cliffs and the surging river bore witness to the awe-inspiring righteousness and fearless acceptance of death displayed by these female heroes of the War of Resistance in the face of the enemy.

“靖宇山”静卧白山黑水之间，铭记东北抗联艰苦斗争的不朽传奇。在吉林通化浑江东岸，有一座不起眼的山峰。山上坐落着杨靖宇烈士陵园和东北抗日联军纪念馆，向世人讲述着东北抗联这支英雄部队的丰功伟绩。九一八事变后，日寇入侵，国难当头。面对国民党“不抵抗政策”，中国共产党连续发表抗日宣言和决议，在东北加紧发动群众，号召全民族武装抗日。在我们党的领导下，一支英勇的部队在孤悬敌后的东北抗日战场，与侵略者进行着艰苦卓绝的战斗。他们用缴获的三八式步枪对抗坦克，用冻僵的手指攥紧手榴弹，克服千难万险，坚持同日伪军战斗，最终发展成一支拥有11个军、3万余人的铁血之师——东北抗日联军，这是在白山黑水间坚持抗敌最早、坚持最久、条件最险恶的一支英雄部队。抗联部队以深山密林为屏障，仅凭简陋装备，以“一拖二拉三快”的游击战术，顽强抗击拥有航空火力与现代军备的入侵之敌，与日军展开艰苦卓绝的游击战。东北抗联与党中央失去联系，补给严重不足，但抗联将士们以生命和信念，在长白山冰天雪地极其恶劣的环境下与敌人苦战14年，完成了超越人类极限的顽强抗争，以90%的自身伤亡率，牵制了大量日军，书写了中国人民抗日战争史上极为壮烈的游击战奇迹。1938年10月，以东北抗联五军一师妇女团教导员冷云为首的八名抗日女战士，被日寇围困于牡丹江支流乌斯浑河边。为掩护大部队突围，她们毅然放弃渡河，主动吸引火力。在背水一战至弹尽的情况下，面对日伪军逼降，八名女战士毫不畏惧，宁死也不做俘虏！她们毁掉枪支，挽臂涉入乌斯浑河，集体沉江，年龄最大的23岁，最小仅13岁。壁立千仞的悬崖、汹涌澎湃的河水，见证了抗战女英雄面对敌人时的大义凛然和视死如归。

The heroic Liu Laozhuang Company forged a monument with their flesh and blood. In Liu Laozhuang Township, Huaiyin District, Huai’an City, Jiangsu Province, stands the “82 Martyrs Memorial Hall,” built to commemorate the fallen soldiers of the New Fourth Army’s Liu Laozhuang Company. In March 1943, the Japanese 17th Division, together with over 1,600 Japanese and puppet troops, launched an “iron-clad encirclement” against the Jiangsu Huaihai Anti-Japanese Base Area, attempting to annihilate the main force of the New Fourth Army in one stroke. The 4th Company of the 2nd Battalion, 19th Regiment, 3rd Division of the New Fourth Army accepted the mission at a critical moment, shouldering the heavy responsibility of covering the safe transfer of Party and government organs and the masses in the Huaihai region. At dawn on March 18, the Japanese and puppet troops completed their encirclement of Liu Laozhuang. Shellfire rained down like a storm, and cavalry charged in like a tidal wave. Under the command of Company Commander Bai Sizhi and Political Instructor Li Yunpeng, 80 soldiers withdrew into a communication trench and fought a desperate battle against the enemy with crude weapons. Shells blasted away the earth, smoke obscured their vision, and the soldiers’ ears rang from the explosions, yet their eyes remained steadfast and blazing. When their ammunition ran out, they drew bayonets and charged at the enemy; when the bayonets bent, they swung their rifle butts and smashed down hard; when the rifle butts shattered, they grabbed their small spades and hacked; when the spades broke, they seized the enemy by the throat; when their hands were injured, they bit and tore with their teeth… After 12 hours of bloody combat, not one of the 82 warriors flinched. They blocked the enemy’s offensive with their flesh and blood. To prevent the enemy from obtaining useful information from their side, Bai Sizhi shouted during the battle: “Burn the documents! Swear to die rather than surrender!” He led from the front, fighting until the last moment of his life. Li Yunpeng brandished his bayonet, charging ahead, and ultimately died a martyr’s death. After the battle, the Japanese carefully counted the number of New Fourth Army soldiers lying in the blood, only to discover that the force that had fought a life-and-death battle with their more than 1,600 elite troops for nearly an entire day was merely a company of over 80 men from the New Fourth Army. The 7th Brigade of the 3rd Division of the New Fourth Army named this company the “Liu Laozhuang Company.” From that moment on, the small village of Liu Laozhuang was forever inscribed in the history of the Chinese nation’s War of Resistance.

英雄的刘老庄连，用血肉身躯铸丰碑。在江苏淮安市淮阴区刘老庄乡，有一座“82烈士纪念馆”，是为了纪念新四军刘老庄连牺牲的烈士而建。1943年3月，日军第17师团纠集1600余名日伪军，对江苏淮海抗日根据地发起“铁壁合围”，企图一举歼灭新四军主力。新四军3师7旅19团2营4连临危受命，肩负起掩护淮海区党政机关和群众安全转移的重任。3月18日凌晨，日伪军完成对刘老庄的合围，炮火如雨点般落下，骑兵如潮水般冲来。80名战士在连长白思才和指导员李云鹏的指挥下，退守交通沟，用简陋的武器与敌人展开殊死搏斗。炮弹炸飞了泥土，硝烟遮住了视线，战士们耳朵被震得嗡嗡作响，但他们眼神依然坚定、炽热。子弹打光了，他们抽出刺刀冲向敌人；刺刀弯了，他们抡起枪托狠狠砸下；枪托碎了，他们操起小锹劈砍；小锹断了，他们掐住敌人咽喉；双手受伤了，他们用牙齿撕咬……12小时的血战，82位勇士无一退缩，他们用血肉之躯挡住了敌人的攻势。为了不让敌人从我方获得有用信息，白思才在战斗中高喊：“烧掉文件，誓死不降！”他身先士卒，直到牺牲生命的最后一刻。李云鹏挥舞刺刀，冲锋在前，最终壮烈殉国。战后，日军仔细清点了血泊中新四军人数，发现与他们1600多精兵殊死决战了几乎一天的，竟不过是新四军一个80多人的连队。新四军3师7旅将该连命名为“刘老庄连”，从那一刻起，刘老庄这个小村庄永远写入中华民族抗战史。

The history of the Chinese military’s War of Resistance Against Japan is glorious and weighty. Facing the arrogant clamor of Japanese militarism to “conquer China in three months,” and confronting the well-equipped and ferocious Japanese troops, the heroes of the Chinese military stood like towering Kunlun Mountains across the motherland. They stood at the forefront, charged to the front lines, and became the backbone of China’s resistance.

中国军队的抗日战争历史是光荣而厚重的。面对日本军国主义“三个月灭亡中国”的狂妄叫嚣，面对装备精良和穷凶极恶的日军，中国军队的英雄们像一座座巍巍昆仑屹立祖国大地，他们站在最前列，冲在最前线，成为中国抗战的脊梁。

II. The Soul of the Soldier, the Shield of the Nation: Famous Anti-Japanese Generals Willingly Shed Their Blood to Defend China

二、军人之魂、国之干城，抗日名将甘洒热血卫中华

During the arduous War of Resistance, senior generals who died for their country—such as Yang Jingyu, Zhao Shangzhi, Zuo Quan, Peng Xuefeng, Tong Linge, Zhao Dengyu, Zhang Zizhong, and Dai Anlan—were outstanding representatives of the millions of anti-Japanese soldiers. They bravely shouldered their responsibilities, faced life-and-death dangers, and composed a heroic epic that shook heaven and earth and moved the gods to tears.

在艰苦卓绝的抗日战争中，杨靖宇、赵尚志、左权、彭雪枫、佟麟阁、赵登禹、张自忠、戴安澜等殉国高级将领，是千千万万抗日将士的杰出代表。他们挺膺担当，出生入死，谱写了惊天地、泣鬼神的英雄史诗。

From “one man” to “one city,” both man and city enjoy eternal glory. Zuoquan County in Shanxi Province was originally called Liao County. In September 1942, it was renamed “Zuoquan County” in memory of Deputy Chief of Staff of the Eighth Route Army, General Zuo Quan, who died there. General Zuo Quan was the highest-ranking commander of the Eighth Route Army to die in the War of Resistance, and this small county town became famous throughout the world because of him. In May 1942, the Japanese mustered over 30,000 troops and launched a retaliatory “mopping-up” operation [9]9 “Mopping-up” operation (扫荡): A term used by the Japanese army to describe large-scale search-and-destroy campaigns against Communist-led base areas during the war. against the Eighth Route Army headquarters from five directions. Thousands of cadres from the Eighth Route Army headquarters, the Central Bureau of the Northern Bureau, and the Northern Bureau Party School were surrounded by the Japanese, and the situation was extremely urgent. On the 22nd, the headquarters decided that Zuo Quan would command two regiments to hold off the enemy from the east and west, covering the breakout of the various organs. He led the column of organ cadres across three enemy blockade lines. By the morning of the 25th, they had reached Shizi Ridge, when the Japanese suddenly launched a pincer attack, attempting to cut off the headquarters’ retreat and transfer route. But Zuo Quan was prepared; he had already positioned the Political Department’s guard company on the ridges on both sides of the valley, dealing the Japanese a head-on blow. When the Japanese failed in their pincer attack, they intensified their frontal assault, with aircraft and artillery bombarding the entire mountain. At this critical moment, Zuo Quan both organized troops to cover the organ personnel in breaking through the mountain pass and held his position, checking on the transfer situation of the various headquarters organs. At noon on the 25th, after the headquarters organs had broken through the encirclement, he discovered that the comrade in charge of the document boxes had not yet caught up with the column. He immediately ordered his guards to go find them, and he remained on the position, covering the last group of people as they broke out of the encirclement. Tragically, an artillery shell exploded beside him, and shrapnel struck his head. Zuo Quan died on the spot, at the age of 37. Comrade Zhou Enlai called him “a model worthy of the Party.” [10]10 Zhou Enlai’s praise for Zuo Quan: A standard Party appraisal, often cited in official commemorations. Zhu De wrote a poem in mourning: “The famous general gave his life for the nation, willing to shed his hot blood to defend China. The heroic spirit of Taihang will echo through the ages, leaving behind the blood-spattered flowers of the Qingzhang River.” [11]11 Zhu De’s poem: A famous elegy by the commander-in-chief of the Eighth Route Army, widely quoted in Chinese historiography. To commemorate Zuo Quan, the government of the Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Border Region decided to rename Liao County as Zuoquan County. The heroic spirit of Taihang echoes through the ages, and the revolutionary spirit is passed down forever. The deeds of heroes represented by General Zuo Quan manifest the great spirit of the War of Resistance and the Taihang spirit, inspiring generation after generation of Chinese sons and daughters to carry on the heroic legacy and strive unremittingly for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

从“一个人”到“一座城”，人与城永享不朽荣光。山西省左权县，原称辽县。1942年9月，为纪念在此殉国的八路军副总参谋长左权将军易名为“左权县”。左权将军是八路军在抗战中牺牲的最高级别将领，这座小县城也因左权将军而闻名四海。1942年5月，日军纠集3万余兵力，分5路向八路军总部进行报复性“大扫荡”。八路军总部、中央北方局机关和北方局党校的几千名干部都处在日军包围之中，情况十分紧急。22日，总部决定由左权指挥两个团在东西两头阻击，掩护各机关分开突围。他率机关干部队伍越过日军三道封锁线，于25日早到达十字岭后，日军突然包抄袭击，企图切断总部撤退转移通道。但左权早有准备，抢先把政治部的警卫连摆在谷口的两边山脊上，给日军以迎头痛击。日军见包抄袭击不成，就加强正面的进攻，飞机大炮漫山轰击。在这危险时刻，左权一边组织部队掩护机关人员突出山口，一边坚守阵地，检查总部各机关转移情况。25日中午，当总部机关突破重围后，他又发现管文件箱的同志还没有赶上队伍，立即命令身边的警卫员把他们找回来，并一直在阵地上坚持掩护最后一批人冲出包围圈。不幸的是，一颗炮弹落在他的身边爆炸，弹片击中他的头部，左权当即牺牲，时年37岁。周恩来同志称他“足以为党之模范”。朱德赋诗悼念：“名将以身殉国家，愿拼热血卫吾华。太行浩气传千古，留得清漳吐血花。”为纪念左权，晋冀鲁豫边区政府决定将辽县改名为左权县。太行浩气传千古，革命精神永流传。以左权将军为代表的英雄的事迹，彰显了伟大抗战精神、太行精神，激励着一代又一代中华儿女继承英雄遗志，为中华民族伟大复兴不懈奋斗。

Two iron-blooded scholar-generals, two distinctive schools. Dai Anlan and Peng Xuefeng were two iron-blooded scholar-generals, skilled in both letters and martial arts. After they gave their lives for the country, to commemorate their heroic feats, the government and relevant individuals established the “Anlan Memorial Vocational School” and renamed the “Huaibei Middle School,” which Peng Xuefeng had advocated for founding during his lifetime, as “Xuefeng Middle School.” Dai Anlan was a major general and division commander of the National Revolutionary Army’s 200th Division. In March 1942, before entering Burma to fight the Japanese, he wrote in a letter home: “I am determined to sacrifice everything to repay the nation for raising me. To die for the country is a great honor.” He took the lead in making a will: as long as there is a single soldier left, we must hold our ground to the end. The Battle of Toungoo was a crucial battle for the Chinese army entering Burma to resist the Japanese, and the fighting was extremely arduous. The officers and men of the 200th Division swore to defend against the enemy to the death. It lasted 12 days, repelling over 20 enemy charges, killing and wounding more than 4,000 enemy soldiers, and capturing over 400. However, during the retreat, the Japanese circled around for a surprise attack. Dai Anlan was shot in the abdomen during the fighting, suffering a very serious wound. To lead the troops in breaking out as quickly as possible, he simply stopped the bleeding with plant ash. By the time he continued marching to a temple, the wound had festered and perforated. He died of his severe injuries at the age of 38. The Nationalist government posthumously promoted Dai Anlan to lieutenant general. Peng Xuefeng was an outstanding commander of the Chinese Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Army and the New Fourth Army. In 1944, the Japanese concentrated over 500,000 troops to launch the largest-scale campaign since the start of the war of aggression against China: the Henan-Hunan-Guangxi Campaign. [12]12 Henan-Hunan-Guangxi Campaign (豫湘桂战役): Also known as Operation Ichigo, a major Japanese offensive in 1944 aimed at securing a land route to Southeast Asia. Peng Xuefeng was ordered to lead the New Fourth Army’s 4th Division as the main attacking force to recover the area west of the Tianjin-Pukou Railway. On the night of August 30, the New Fourth Army’s 4th Division crossed the Tianjin-Pukou Railway and advanced westward. In just 10 days, they successively smashed the tracking and “mopping-up” operations of over 2,000 Japanese and puppet troops and captured multiple enemy strongholds. At dawn on September 11, at Balizhuang in Xiayi County, Henan Province, Peng Xuefeng ordered a general offensive against the enemy. Covered by mortar and machine-gun fire, they quickly breached the enemy’s defensive positions. In the final stage of the fierce battle, Peng Xuefeng ordered the cavalry regiment to intercept the fleeing enemy. At that moment, a stray bullet struck Peng Xuefeng in the chest. Peng Xuefeng, only 37 years old, died a martyr’s death. Comrade Mao Zedong highly praised General Peng Xuefeng, saying, “His brilliance endures forever, his loyalty lasts a lifetime; he is a good example for Communists. He died for the country, full of grief and indignation; the Chinese nation mourns a hero.” [13]13 Mao Zedong’s praise for Peng Xuefeng: A standard Party eulogy, frequently used in official biographies. On September 10, 2009, Peng Xuefeng was named one of the “100 Heroic Models Who Made Outstanding Contributions to the Founding of New China.” [14]14 “100 Heroic Models Who Made Outstanding Contributions to the Founding of New China”: A list of 100 individuals officially recognized by the CPC Central Committee in 2009 for their role in the revolution.

两位铁血儒将，两所特色学校。戴安澜、彭雪枫是两位能文善武的铁血儒将。他们为国捐躯后，为铭记他们的英雄壮举，政府和有关人士筹建了“安澜纪念职业学校”，把彭雪枫生前倡导创办的“淮北中学”更名为“雪枫中学”。戴安澜是国民革命军200师少将师长，1942年3月，他在入缅抗击日军前，曾在家信中写道：“决心全部牺牲，以报国家养育。为国战死，事极光荣。”他带头立下遗嘱：只要还有一兵一卒，亦需坚守到底。同古保卫战是中国军队入缅抗日的重要一战，战斗打得极为艰辛。200师上下誓死御敌，历时12天，打退敌人20余次冲锋，打死打伤敌人四千余人，俘敌四百余人。然而撤退时，日军绕后偷袭，戴安澜在战斗中腹部中枪，伤势极重，为了尽快率部突围，用草木灰简单止血后，继续行军至一处寺庙时，伤口已糜烂穿孔，伤势过重牺牲，时年38岁。国民政府追认戴安澜为中将。彭雪枫是中国工农红军和新四军杰出指挥员。1944年，日军集中50多万兵力，发动侵华战争以来规模最大的豫湘桂战役。彭雪枫受令率领新四军第四师为主攻部队，收复津浦路以西地区。8月30日晚，新四军第四师越过津浦路向西挺进，在短短10天内，就接连粉碎日伪军2000多人的跟踪“扫荡”，并连克敌军多处据点。9月11日拂晓，在河南省夏邑县八里庄，彭雪枫下令对敌发起总攻，在迫击炮和机枪火力掩护下，很快就突破了敌人的防御阵地。激战最后阶段，彭雪枫命令骑兵团对逃跑的敌军进行截击，就在这时，一颗流弹击中彭雪枫的胸口，年仅37岁的彭雪枫壮烈殉国。毛泽东同志高度评价彭雪枫将军，“英明永存，一世忠贞，是共产党人好榜样；为国牺牲，满怀悲愤，为中华民族悼英雄”。2009年9月10日，彭雪枫被评为“100位为新中国成立作出突出贡献的英雄模范人物”。

Three famous anti-Japanese generals, three Beijing streets. Tong Linge, Zhao Dengyu, and Zhang Zizhong were prominent senior generals who died in the War of Resistance Against Japan. After the three heroes sacrificed their lives, three streets in Beijing were named after them to commemorate their immortal feats. Tong Linge Road, originally Nangouyan Street, is located in the Xuanwumen area of Xicheng District, Beijing; Zhao Dengyu Road, originally Beigouyan (Baitasi East Street), is located in the north-central part of Xicheng District, Beijing; Zhang Zizhong Road is located in the Jiaodaokou area of Dongcheng District, Beijing, and is a section of "Ping'an Avenue." The copper pocket watch on Tong Linge Road reflects the radiance of the sun, as if the hero has never left, having long since merged into this deeply beloved land. The time on the watch is frozen at 14:30 on July 28, 1937—the moment when the anti-Japanese hero General Tong Linge died. Tong Linge was a skilled commander of troops who dealt a heavy blow to the enemy at the Battle of Xifengkou. He said: "If I, Linge, do not lead the troops from the front, you may tie me up and take me to Tiananmen, gouge out my eyes, and cut off my ears." After the outbreak of the July 7 Incident,[15]15 The July 7 Incident (1937), also known as the Marco Polo Bridge Incident, marked the beginning of the full-scale outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War. Tong Linge, braving continuous artillery fire, engaged in fierce combat with the Japanese invaders at Nanyuan. Despite being wounded in the leg, he refused to leave the battlefield and ultimately died a heroic death on July 28 from a head wound, becoming the first senior general to die for the country since the full outbreak of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japan, at the age of only 45. Not far east of Wanping County in Fengtai District, Beijing, there is a martyr's tomb where the first division commander to die for the country in the War of Resistance—Zhao Dengyu—lies in eternal rest. On the night of March 11, 1933, Zhao Dengyu, despite his wounds, led his officers and soldiers in a surprise attack on the Japanese forces. The troops drew their red-tasseled broadswords and bravely killed the enemy, destroying 18 enemy artillery pieces, achieving the first major victory since the September 18 Incident[16]16 The September 18 Incident (1931) was a staged event used by Japan as a pretext to invade and occupy Northeast China. and crushing the arrogance of the Japanese army. From then on, the "Broadsword Team" became famous throughout the world. In 1937, the musician Mai Xin, based on the deeds of the Broadsword Team, composed the famous anti-Japanese song "The Broadsword March." "Swing the broadsword at the heads of the devils" was sung across the nation, becoming a clarion call to rouse the national spirit and strive for national liberation. After the July 7 Incident, Zhao Dengyu led his troops in tenacious resistance, defending Nanyuan outside Beijing. Under the heavy bombardment of Japanese artillery and aircraft, Zhao Dengyu led his troops in a sworn defense of their positions. On July 28, 1937, after the fall of the Nanyuan positions, Zhao Dengyu was ordered to withdraw his troops, but was ambushed by the Japanese on the way and died a heroic death for the country, at the age of only 39. Zhang Zizhong, a general of the National Revolutionary Army, was surrounded by Japanese forces during the Battle of Zaoyi in May 1940. He fought to the death, ultimately struck by multiple bullets and dying a martyr, at the age of only 49. Before his death, he left the last words: "The resolve to die for the country and the nation will not change in the slightest, even if the seas run dry and the rocks crumble." After the founding of New China, the Central People's Government posthumously recognized Zhang Zizhong as a revolutionary martyr. In 2009, Zhang Zizhong was named one of the "100 Heroic and Exemplary Figures Who Made Outstanding Contributions to the Founding of New China." Comrade Zhou Enlai praised him: "His spirit of loyalty and righteousness, his heroic and solemn aura, truly make him the soul of China's anti-Japanese soldiers."

三位抗日名将，三条北京街道。佟麟阁、赵登禹、张自忠是抗日战争中牺牲的著名高级将领。三位英雄牺牲后，北京的三条街道以英雄们的名字命名，以纪念他们的不朽功勋。佟麟阁路原名南沟沿大街，位于北京市西城区宣武门内地区；赵登禹路原名北沟沿（白塔寺东街），位于北京市西城区中北部；张自忠路位于北京市东城区交道口地区，是“平安大道”的一段。佟麟阁路上的铜怀表，反射着太阳的光辉，仿佛英雄从未离去，他早已融进这片深爱的土地。怀表上的时间定格在1937年7月28日14:30，这是抗日英雄佟麟阁将军牺牲的时间。佟麟阁是治兵有方的抗战将领，在喜峰口战役痛击敌寇。他说：“麟阁若不身先士卒，你们可把我绑至天安门前，挖我双眼，割我双耳。”“七七事变”爆发后，佟麟阁顶着连天炮火在南苑与日寇激战，腿部受伤仍不下战场，最终因头部受伤于7月28日壮烈牺牲，成为中国人民抗日战争全面爆发以来殉国的首位高级将领，年仅45岁。在位于北京市丰台区宛平城东侧不远处，有一座烈士墓，这里长眠着抗日战争中为国捐躯的第一位师长——赵登禹。1933年3月11日夜，赵登禹带伤率领将士突袭日军。将士们抽出红缨大刀英勇杀敌，摧毁敌炮18门，取得了自九一八事变以来的首次大胜，打击了日军的嚣张气焰。自此，“大刀队”名震天下。1937年，音乐家麦新以大刀队的事迹为原型，谱写了著名的抗日歌曲《大刀进行曲》。“大刀向鬼子们的头上砍去”唱遍了全国，成为振奋民族精神、争取民族解放的号角。“七七事变”后，赵登禹率部顽强抵抗，守卫北平城外的南苑。在日军炮火和飞机的狂轰滥炸下，赵登禹率部誓死坚守阵地。1937年7月28日，在南苑阵地失守后，赵登禹奉命带领部队后撤，途中遭到日军伏击，壮烈殉国，年仅39岁。张自忠，国民革命军上将，1940年5月，日军发动枣宜会战，张自忠部遭日寇包围，他誓死血战到底，最终身中数弹不幸牺牲，年仅49岁。临终前，他留下“为国家、民族死之决心，海不清，石不烂，决不半点改变”的遗言。新中国成立后，中央人民政府追认张自忠为革命烈士。2009年，张自忠被评为“100位为新中国成立作出突出贡献的英雄模范人物”。周恩来同志称赞他：“其忠义之志，壮烈之气，直可以为中国抗战军人之魂。”

III. Every Individual Is Responsible for the Fate of Their Country: The Deeds of Anti-Japanese Popular Heroes Are Immortalized in History

三、天下兴亡、匹夫有责，抗日民众英雄事迹名垂青史

After 14 years of unyielding and bloody struggle, the Chinese people achieved the great victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan. This was a war of the entire nation, and a victory of the entire nation. Every Chinese person with a sense of honor participated in it, and their names are likewise engraved on the motherland, never to be forgotten by the people.

中国人民经过14年不屈不挠的浴血奋战，取得抗日战争伟大胜利。这是全民族的抗战，也是全民族的胜利，每一个有血性的中国人都参与其中，他们的名字同样铭刻在祖国大地上，不会被人们遗忘。

The Chinese Red Sister-in-Law, the Mother of Peace. In the Heping (Peace) Square of Yinan County, Linyi City, Shandong Province, there stands a 100-meter sculpture of the "Chinese Red Sister-in-Law, Mother of Peace," which vividly recreates the touching story of the Red Sister-in-Law Ming Deying rescuing a wounded Eighth Route Army soldier. After the outbreak of the War of Resistance, Ming Deying, inspired by the Communist Party and the Eighth Route Army's practical actions of persisting in the resistance and putting the people first, took the initiative to rescue Eighth Route Army soldiers. In 1941, when a young Eighth Route Army soldier was being pursued by the enemy, Ming Deying risked her life to hide and protect him. Seeing that the soldier was critically ill, she resolutely dripped her own breast milk into his mouth, reviving the young soldier, and carefully nursed him back to health until he returned to his unit. Later, writer Liu Zhixia created the short story "The Red Sister-in-Law" based on this story, and Ming Deying is known as "the first Yimeng Red Sister-in-Law."

中国红嫂、和平母亲。在山东临沂市沂南县和平广场，有一座“中国红嫂 和平母亲”的百米塑像，雕塑生动再现了红嫂明德英救助八路军伤员的感人故事。抗日战争爆发后，明德英受共产党和八路军坚持抗战、一切为了人民的实际行动感召，主动救助八路军战士。1941年，一名八路军小战士被敌人追捕，明德英冒着生命危险将其保护藏匿起来，看到这名战士生命垂危，明德英毅然将自己乳汁滴到战士嘴里，将小战士救活，并精心照顾他至康复回队。后来，作家刘知侠据此创作短篇小说《红嫂》，明德英也被称作“沂蒙红嫂第一人”。

Returned Overseas Chinese, a Woman of Valor Who Would Not Be Outdone by Men. In the Pinglu District Martyrs' Cemetery of Shuozhou City, Shanxi Province, stands a heroic statue of a woman on horseback, spear in hand, valiant and spirited. She is the famous anti-Japanese national heroine, Li Lin, a martyr and returned overseas Chinese from Indonesia. Li Lin lived in Indonesia from childhood, returned to China in 1929, actively participated in revolutionary activities, and joined the Communist Party of China in December 1936. After the full outbreak of the War of Resistance in July 1937, Li Lin resolutely requested to go to the front lines to fight the enemy. In April 1940, the Japanese and puppet troops concentrated 12,000 troops to "mop up" the Shanxi-Suiyuan Border Region.[17]17 The Shanxi-Suiyuan Border Region was a Communist-led base area during the War of Resistance. To cover the breakout of the organs and the masses, she led a cavalry company in a fierce charge, drawing the Japanese and puppet troops away, but she herself was besieged on the top of Yinliang Mountain in Xiaoguojia Village. After being wounded multiple times in the leg and chest, she still fought bravely, killing or wounding six Japanese and puppet soldiers. Surrounded by the enemy, she preferred death to surrender, saving the last bullet for herself, shooting herself and dying a heroic martyr. Li Lin was only 24 years old when she died, and was pregnant with a fetus of over three months. Zhou Enlai once called her "China's Joan of Arc," and He Long also praised her as "our heroine."

归国华侨、巾帼不让须眉。在山西省朔州市平鲁区烈士陵园，矗立着一尊跃马提枪、英姿飒爽的巾帼英雄塑像。她就是著名的抗日民族女英雄、印尼归侨李林烈士。李林自幼侨居印度尼西亚，1929年回到祖国后积极参加革命活动，1936年12月加入中国共产党。1937年7月全面抗战爆发后，李林坚决要求上前线杀敌。1940年4月，日伪军集中1.2万兵力，对晋绥边区进行“扫荡”。为了掩护机关和群众突围，她率骑兵连勇猛冲杀，将日伪军引开，自己却被围困于小郭家村荫凉山顶。在腿部和胸部多处负伤后，仍英勇抗击，毙伤日伪军6人。被日伪军包围后，她宁死不屈，把最后一发子弹留给自己，饮弹自尽，壮烈牺牲。李林牺牲时年仅二十四岁，腹中还怀有三个多月的胎儿。周恩来曾称她为“中国的贞德”，贺龙亦称赞她是“我们的女英雄”。

Using the Pen as a Spear, Writing Justice for the World with His Life. In Fuyang District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, there is a road called "Dafu Road," named after the "pen warrior" Yu Dafu. As a director of the All-China Association of Literary and Art Circles for Resistance Against the Enemy, Yu Dafu traveled to the anti-Japanese front lines in eastern Zhejiang and southern Anhui, recording the unyielding resistance of the Chinese military and civilians as a war correspondent. At the end of 1938, he went to Singapore, where he published a large number of articles supporting the resistance and analyzing the domestic and international situation, greatly boosting the morale of overseas Chinese in the war effort. After the fall of Singapore, Yu Dafu went into exile in Sumatra under the alias "Zhao Lian." He opened a distillery as a cover and continued his anti-Japanese work. A chance incident revealed that he could speak Japanese, and the Japanese occupation forces forced him to serve as an interpreter. During his time as an interpreter, he secretly helped and rescued many locals and overseas Chinese, and learned many secrets and crimes of the Japanese military police, intelligence that became important evidence for post-war trials of Japanese war crimes. After Japan announced its surrender in 1945, Yu Dafu was secretly murdered by the Japanese military police, at the age of 49. His name is not only engraved in the history of Chinese literature but also on the monument of the Chinese people's anti-fascist war.

执笔为矛、用生命书写人间正义。在浙江省杭州市富阳区有一条路叫“达夫路”，是以“笔尖战士”郁达夫之名命名的。作为中华全国文艺界抗敌协会理事，郁达夫辗转浙东、皖南抗日前线，以战地记者身份记录中国军民的不屈抗争。1938年末，他远赴新加坡，发表了大量支持抗日和分析国内外形势的文章，极大鼓舞了海外华侨抗战的士气。新加坡沦陷后，郁达夫化名“赵廉”流亡至苏门答腊。他开办酒厂作为掩护，继续从事抗日工作。一次偶然的意外，暴露了他会说日语，日本占领军随即强迫他担任翻译。在当翻译期间，他暗中帮助和营救了不少当地人和华侨，并获悉了日本宪兵部许多秘密和罪行，这些情报成为战后审判日军罪行的重要证据。在1945年日本宣布投降后，郁达夫遭日本宪兵秘密杀害，终年49岁。他的名字，不仅铭刻在中国文学史上，更镌刻在中国人民反法西斯战争的纪念碑上。

A nation with hope cannot be without heroes; a country with a future cannot be without pioneers. The great spirit of the War of Resistance is a precious spiritual asset of the Chinese nation and a powerful driving force that inspires us to continue forging ahead. Only by remembering history can we better move forward. We must remember all heroes, including those of the War of Resistance, who have contributed to the Chinese nation and the Chinese people. The best way to commemorate heroes is to honor them, learn from them, strive to become heroes ourselves, vigorously promote the heroic spirit, let the heroic spirit be exalted in the New Era, and gather the mighty force to comprehensively advance the building of a strong country and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization.

一个有希望的民族不能没有英雄，一个有前途的国家不能没有先锋。伟大抗战精神是中华民族的宝贵精神财富，是激励我们不断奋勇前行的强大动力。铭记历史才能更好地前行，我们要铭记包括抗战英雄在内的一切为中华民族和中国人民作出贡献的英雄。缅怀英雄，最好的方式是崇尚英雄、学习英雄、争当英雄，大力弘扬英雄精神，让英雄精神在新时代高扬起来，凝聚起以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业的磅礴力量。

(The author is an associate researcher at the Academy of Military Political Work, Academy of Military Sciences)

（作者系军事科学院军队政治工作研究院副研究员)

Online editor: Ma Jingren

网络编辑：马京仁