Advancing the Construction of a Unified National Market in Depth

The construction of a unified national market is a major deployment made by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core from an overall and strategic perspective. It is the foundational support and inherent requirement for fostering a new development pattern and promoting high-quality development, and it is a strategic move concerning the overall national development situation and long-term goals. When presiding over the sixth meeting of the Central Committee for Financial and Economic Affairs on July 1, General Secretary Xi Jinping put forward the basic requirements and key tasks for advancing the construction of a unified national market in depth, clarifying the direction of work and providing fundamental guidance for promoting the construction of a unified national market in a more systematic, deeper, and more comprehensive manner.

建设全国统一大市场是以习近平同志为核心的党中央从全局和战略高度作出的重大部署，是构建新发展格局、推动高质量发展的基础支撑和内在要求，是关乎国家发展全局和长远的战略之举。习近平总书记7月1日在主持召开中央财经委员会第六次会议时，提出了纵深推进全国统一大市场建设的基本要求和重点任务，为更系统、更深入、更全面地推进全国统一大市场建设，明确了工作方向、提供了根本遵循。

I. Our Party’s Theory and Practice on the Construction of a Unified Market Are Consistent and Advance with the Times

一、我们党关于统一大市场建设理论和实践是一脉相承、与时俱进的

Marxist political economy holds that social reproduction is a cyclical movement process involving the links of production, distribution, exchange, and consumption. This includes both the economic circulation of individual market entities at the micro level and the total circulation of the national economy. Establishing a unified large market within the national economic system is necessary to ensure smooth economic circulation, thereby continuously expanding social reproduction. The classic expositions of Marxist political economy and Chinese practice provide the theoretical and practical basis for constructing a unified national market.

马克思主义政治经济学认为，社会再生产是一个生产、分配、交换、消费环节循环往复的运动过程。这既包括微观层面各个市场主体的经济循环，也包括国民经济的总循环。在国民经济体系中建立统一的大市场，方能确保经济循环畅通，从而不断扩大社会再生产。马克思主义政治经济学经典论述和中国实践为建设全国统一大市场提供了理论和现实基础。

On the understanding of the status and role of the market. In November 1979, Comrade Deng Xiaoping, when meeting with foreign guests, proposed that “socialism can also engage in a market economy.” As reform deepened, our Party successively put forward policies such as “a planned commodity economy” and “combining the planned economy with market regulation.” The 14th National Congress of the CPC proposed “enabling the market to play a fundamental role in resource allocation under the state’s macroeconomic regulation.” The Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee made a major theoretical innovation, revising the market’s “fundamental role” in resource allocation to a “decisive role.” This was a new breakthrough in our Party’s understanding of the laws governing the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics, marking a new stage in the development of the socialist market economy. Subsequently, our Party emphasized the need to give better play to this role institutionally and to a greater extent and broader scope. General Secretary Xi Jinping attaches great importance to the role of the market, emphasizing that “market allocation of resources is the most efficient form” and that “in today’s world, the scarcest resource is the market.”

关于市场地位作用的认识。1979年11月，邓小平同志在会见外宾时提出，“社会主义也可以搞市场经济”。随着改革的不断深入，我们党先后提出“有计划的商品经济”“计划经济与市场调节相结合”等方针。党的十四大提出，“使市场在社会主义国家宏观调控下对资源配置起基础性作用”。党的十八届三中全会作出重大理论创新，把市场在资源配置中的“基础性作用”修改为“决定性作用”。这是我们党对中国特色社会主义建设规律认识的一个新突破，标志着社会主义市场经济发展进入了一个新阶段。此后，我们党强调要从制度上、在更大程度更广范围发挥好这一作用。习近平总书记高度重视市场作用的发挥，强调“市场配置资源是最有效率的形式”，“当今世界，最稀缺的资源是市场”。

On what kind of market to build. The “Seventh Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of the People’s Republic of China” proposed gradually establishing a socialist unified market under state policies and planned management. The 14th National Congress of the CPC established the reform goal of building a socialist market economy system, proposing “to vigorously develop a unified national market.” The “Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Several Issues Concerning the Establishment of a Socialist Market Economy System,” adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 14th Central Committee, proposed “forming a unified, open, competitive, and orderly large market.” Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, General Secretary Xi Jinping has repeatedly pointed out that “we must fully leverage the advantages of the domestic super-large market” and “accelerate the construction of a strong domestic market.” On March 4, 2020, when presiding over a meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee to study epidemic prevention and control and stabilize economic and social operations, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized, “we must adhere to a national chessboard” and “maintain a unified national market.” On December 17, 2021, when presiding over the 23rd meeting of the Central Committee for Deepening Overall Reform, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized, “Fostering a new development pattern urgently requires accelerating the construction of an efficient, standardized, fair, competitive, and fully open unified national market, establishing unified national market system rules, and promoting the smooth flow of goods, factors, and resources on a larger scale.” The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC emphasized “building a unified national market, deepening market-oriented allocation of factors, and building a high-standard market system.” The “Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Deepening Reform Comprehensively to Advance Chinese-Path Modernization,” adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee, made comprehensive and systematic arrangements for building a unified national market in the section on constructing a high-level socialist market economy system.

关于建设一个什么样的市场。《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第七个五年计划》提出，逐步建立在国家政策和计划管理下的社会主义统一市场。党的十四大确立了建设社会主义市场经济体制的改革目标，提出“要大力发展全国的统一市场”。党的十四届三中全会通过的《中共中央关于建立社会主义市场经济体制若干问题的决定》提出，“形成统一、开放、竞争、有序的大市场”。党的十八大以来，习近平总书记多次指出，“必须充分发挥国内超大规模市场优势”，“加快建设强大国内市场”。2020年3月4日，习近平总书记主持中央政治局常务委员会会议研究疫情防控和稳定经济社会运行时强调，“要坚持全国一盘棋”，“维护统一大市场”。2021年12月17日，习近平总书记主持召开中央全面深化改革委员会第二十三次会议时强调，“构建新发展格局，迫切需要加快建设高效规范、公平竞争、充分开放的全国统一大市场，建立全国统一的市场制度规则，促进商品要素资源在更大范围内畅通流动”。党的二十大报告强调，“构建全国统一大市场，深化要素市场化改革，建设高标准市场体系”。党的二十届三中全会通过的《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的决定》，在构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制部分，对构建全国统一大市场作出全面系统部署。

On how to build a unified large market. In 2001, China joined the World Trade Organization (WTO), accelerating the pace of alignment with the international market in terms of market rules, operational mechanisms, and legal systems. The 16th National Congress of the CPC proposed “improving the modern market system.” The 17th National Congress further pointed out “accelerating the formation of a modern market system that is unified, open, competitive, and orderly, and developing markets for various production factors.” The Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee put forward the important thesis that “building a unified, open, and orderly competitive market system is the foundation for the market to play a decisive role in resource allocation,” emphasizing “accelerating the formation of a modern market system where enterprises operate independently and compete fairly, consumers choose and consume freely, and goods and factors flow freely and exchange equally.” The 19th National Congress proposed “cleaning up and abolishing various regulations and practices that hinder unified markets and fair competition.” The Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee proposed for the first time “building a high-standard market system.” In March 2022, the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council issued the “Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of a Unified National Market,” clarifying the overall requirements, working principles, main objectives, and six key tasks for the construction of a unified national market. On July 1, 2025, when presiding over the sixth meeting of the Central Committee for Financial and Economic Affairs, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized, “To advance the construction of a unified national market in depth, the basic requirement is ‘five unifications, one openness’,” and that currently, efforts must focus on solving six key and difficult issues, such as low-price disorderly competition among enterprises and chaos in local investment attraction. This means that building a unified large market pays more attention to coordinated efforts across points, lines, and surfaces, and in terms of timing, intensity, and effectiveness. It also indicates new connotations in work requirements and focal points, elevating our Party’s understanding of building a unified national market to a new height.

关于怎样建设统一的大市场。2001年我国加入世界贸易组织（WTO），在市场规则、运行机制、法律制度等方面与国际市场接轨的步伐加快。党的十六大提出，“健全现代市场体系”。党的十七大进一步指出，“加快形成统一开放竞争有序的现代市场体系，发展各类生产要素市场”。党的十八届三中全会提出“建设统一开放、竞争有序的市场体系，是使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用的基础”重要论断，强调“加快形成企业自主经营、公平竞争，消费者自由选择、自主消费，商品和要素自由流动、平等交换的现代市场体系”。党的十九大提出，“清理废除妨碍统一市场和公平竞争的各种规定和做法”。党的十九届四中全会首次提出“建设高标准市场体系”。2022年3月，中共中央、国务院印发《关于加快建设全国统一大市场的意见》，明确了全国统一大市场建设的总体要求、工作原则、主要目标和六个方面重点任务。2025年7月1日，习近平总书记主持召开中央财经委员会第六次会议时强调，“纵深推进全国统一大市场建设，基本要求是‘五统一、一开放’”，当前要着力解决好企业低价无序竞争、地方招商引资乱象等六个重点难点问题。这既意味着建设统一的大市场更加注重在点线面、时度效上协同发力，也表明在工作要求和着力点上有新的内涵，将我们党关于统一大市场建设的认识提升到一个新的高度。

Looking back over more than 40 years of development since reform and opening up, fully utilizing and leveraging market resource advantages, deepening market-oriented allocation of factors, and building a high-standard market system constitute an important main line of China’s market-oriented reform. Its theoretical logic is consistent, and its practical exploration advances with the times. In constructing a unified national market, “national” emphasizes wholeness, “unified” emphasizes consistency, and “large” emphasizes scale. Efficiency, standardization, fair competition, and full openness are its main characteristics.

纵览改革开放40多年来的发展，充分利用和发挥市场资源优势，深化要素市场化改革，建设高标准市场体系，构成我国市场化改革的一条重要主线，其理论逻辑是一脉相承的，实践探索是与时俱进的。建设全国统一大市场，“全国”强调整体性，“统一”强调一致性，“大”强调规模性，高效规范、公平竞争、充分开放等是其主要特点。

II. Positive Progress Has Been Made in the Construction of a Unified National Market

二、全国统一大市场建设取得积极成效

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, significant progress has been made in the construction of a unified national market. The “four beams and eight pillars” [1]1 “Four beams and eight pillars” (四梁八柱) is a Chinese idiom referring to the main supporting framework of a structure, used here metaphorically to indicate that the fundamental institutional framework for the unified national market has been established. have been basically established, the scale effect of the market is continuously emerging, basic systems are constantly improving, market facilities are accelerating interconnection, and important steps have been taken in the construction of factor markets. Consensus on building a unified market is continuously coalescing, the concept of fair competition is deeply rooted in people’s hearts, and the unity, openness, competitiveness, and orderliness of the market system have been greatly enhanced.

党的十八大以来，全国统一大市场建设工作取得重要进展。“四梁八柱”基本建立起来，市场规模效应不断显现，基础制度不断完善，市场设施加快联通，要素市场建设迈出重要步伐。建设统一大市场的共识不断凝聚，公平竞争理念深入人心，市场体系的统一性、开放性、竞争性、有序性大幅增强。

Strengthening strategic planning and top-level design. In recent years, the Party Central Committee and the State Council have issued a series of high-specification and intensive policy documents related to the construction of a unified national market. The Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council issued the “Opinions on Accelerating the Improvement of the Socialist Market Economy System in the New Era” and the “Opinions on Building a More Perfect Institutional System for Market-Oriented Allocation of Factors,” clarifying overall requirements, main objectives, and key tasks. They formulated or revised the “Anti-Monopoly Law of the People’s Republic of China” and the “Regulations on Fair Competition Review,” and issued guiding opinions or action plans on building a high-standard market system and establishing a fair competition review system. Overall, these laws, regulations, and policy documents have further strengthened their wording and expressions, proposed innovative and breakthrough new measures, and moved from local pilot projects to gradually achieving full national coverage. The top-level design of China’s market system construction is increasingly perfect, providing an action guide for the construction of a unified national market and the building of a high-standard market system.

加强战略谋划和顶层设计。近年来，党中央、国务院高规格密集出台一系列与全国统一大市场建设有关的政策文件。中共中央、国务院印发《关于新时代加快完善社会主义市场经济体制的意见》《关于构建更加完善的要素市场化配置体制机制的意见》等，明确总体要求、主要目标和重点任务。制定或修订《中华人民共和国反垄断法》《公平竞争审查条例》等，围绕建设高标准市场体系、建立公平竞争审查制度等发布指导意见或行动方案。总的看，这些法律法规和政策性文件在提法表述上作了进一步强化，提出了创新性突破的新举措，从地方试点到逐步实现全国全覆盖，我国市场体系建设的顶层设计日趋完善，为全国统一大市场建设、建设高标准市场体系提供了行动指南。

Accelerate the improvement of market institutions and rules. Formulate and implement the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China and the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Promotion of the Private Economy, and establish intellectual property courts in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou. Issue the Negative List for Market Access (2025 Edition), reducing the number of listed items from 117 in the 2022 edition to 106. Organize local authorities to clean up various regulations and practices that hinder the construction of a unified national market and fair competition, with a focus on strengthening fair competition review of institutional norms in the bidding and tendering field. Prevent and stop the abuse of administrative power to exclude or restrict competition, and establish cross-regional mechanisms for online case investigation, law enforcement assistance, and joint law enforcement. In 2024, the ratio of total social logistics costs to GDP was 14.1%, continuing a downward trend. Since 2023, pilot projects for integrating domestic and foreign trade have been carried out in nine regions, and in 2024, the proportion of industrial enterprises above a designated size operating with integrated domestic and foreign trade reached 17%. The restrictive measures on the national negative list for foreign investment access have been reduced to 29 items, and in 2024, national and pilot free trade zone versions of the negative list for cross-border service trade were released. In the manufacturing sector, all restrictive measures on foreign investment access have been fully abolished; in the service sector, the orderly expansion of opening up in telecommunications, internet, education, culture, healthcare, and other fields is being promoted.

加快完善市场制度和规则。制定实施《中华人民共和国民法典》《中华人民共和国民营经济促进法》，在北京、上海、广州设立知识产权法院。印发《市场准入负面清单（2025年版）》，清单事项数量由2022年版的117项缩减至106项。组织各地清理妨碍建设全国统一大市场和公平竞争的各种规定和做法，重点加强对招投标领域制度规范的公平竞争审查。预防和制止滥用行政权力排除、限制竞争行为，构建跨区域线上案件协查、执法协助、联合执法机制。2024年社会物流总费用与GDP的比率为14.1%，继续保持下降态势。2023年以来在9个地区开展内外贸一体化试点，2024年全国规模以上工业企业内外贸一体化经营比例达到17%。全国版外资准入负面清单限制措施缩减至29条，2024年发布全国版和自贸试验区版跨境服务贸易负面清单。在制造业方面，外资准入限制措施已经全面取消；在服务业方面，推动电信、互联网、教育、文化、医疗等领域有序扩大开放。

Fully leverage the advantages of multiple markets. China’s consumer market continues to grow rapidly, making it the world’s most attractive and potentially largest market. Domestic consumption has strengthened its driving role in economic growth, becoming the primary engine of economic growth and serving as a “stabilizer” and “ballast stone” for maintaining stable economic operation. Coordinate the use of various types of government funds, establish and implement a new mechanism for government-social capital cooperation, and build a long-term mechanism for government investment to support foundational, public-interest, and long-term major projects. Optimize the approval process for investment projects around the goal of “efficiently handling one thing,” improve approval efficiency, and perfect mechanisms to stimulate the vitality of social capital investment and promote investment implementation, forming a market-led endogenous growth mechanism for effective investment. Initially establish a unified national electricity market system; the China Southern Power Grid has achieved “unified trading and same-platform bidding” across five provinces and regions, with the proportion of market-based electricity transactions in total social electricity consumption reaching 63% in 2024. Establish the National Data Bureau, build a foundational data system, and ensure data can be “supplied, circulated, and well utilized.” A unified, open, competitive, and effectively regulated foreign exchange market is continuously being improved, creating favorable conditions for the efficient allocation of foreign exchange resources and the management of exchange rate risks. Endowment insurance and other systems are being coordinated nationwide, achieving institutional unification and regional mutual assistance. Carbon peak and carbon neutrality are being steadily advanced in accordance with the principles of national coordination, prioritizing conservation, dual-wheel drive, internal and external connectivity, and risk prevention.

充分发挥多重市场优势。我国消费市场持 续较快增长，是全球最具吸引力和最具潜力的大 市场。国内消费对经济增长的拉动作用增强，成 为经济增长的第一驱动力，消费成为保持经济平 稳运行的“稳定器”和“压舱石”。统筹用好各类 政府性资金，建立实施政府和社会资本合作新机 制，建立政府投资支持基础性、公益性、长远性重大项目建设长效机制。围绕“高效办成一件事”优化投资项目审批流程、提高审批效率，完善激 发社会资本投资活力和促进投资落地机制，形成市场主导的有效投资内生增长机制。初步建成 全国统一电力市场体系，南方电网在5省区实现“统一交易、同台竞价”，2024年全国市场化交易电量占全社会用电量比重达63%。组建国家数据局，构建数据基础制度，让数据“供得出、流得动、用得好”。统一开放、竞争有序、监管有效的外汇市场不断健全，为高效配置外汇资源和管理汇率风险创造良好条件。养老保险等在全国统筹，实现制度统一和区域间互助共济。碳达峰碳中和正在按照全国统筹、节约优先、双轮驱动、内外畅通、防范风险的原则稳妥推进。

III. Earnestly Implement the Basic Requirements of “Five Unifications and One Opening” in Detail

三、切实将“五统一、一开放”的基本要求落细落实

For the current period and the near future, we should adhere to a problem-oriented approach, targeting the blockages and bottlenecks that hinder the construction of a unified national market in practice, earnestly implement the requirements of “five unifications and one opening,” and fully leverage the strong supporting role of China’s unified large market for resource aggregation, innovation incentives, industrial upgrading, and economic growth.

当前和今后一个时期，我们应坚持问题导向，针对实践中妨碍全国统一大市场建设的堵点卡点，切实落实“五统一、一开放”要求，充分发挥好我国统一大市场对资源集聚、创新激励、产业升级、经济增长的有力支撑作用。

Unify basic market institutions. Basic market institutions such as property rights protection, market access, fair competition, and social credit are the fundamental guarantees for the effective operation of the socialist market economy. Greater attention should be paid to protecting property rights, and the institutional system for equal legal protection of property rights under all forms of ownership should be improved. Strictly implement the “single national list” management model, ensure that “what is not prohibited is permitted” takes root, steadily carry out list adjustments and implementation, as well as post-access comprehensive supervision and effectiveness evaluation, and further improve the market access institutional system. Strengthen the rigid constraints of fair competition review on laws, regulations, and policy measures, and further intensify anti-monopoly and anti-unfair competition efforts. Improve the credit system conducive to market unification, promote the cross-departmental and cross-regional sharing and mutual recognition of credit information, increase joint punishment for dishonest enterprises, and accelerate the improvement of a unified credit repair mechanism.

统一市场基础制度。产权保护、市场准入、公平竞争、社会信用等市场经济基础制度，是社会主义市场经济有效运行的基本保障。应更加注重保护产权，完善依法平等保护各种所有制经济产权的制度体系。严格落实“全国一张清单”管理模式，让“非禁即入”落地生根，稳步开展清单调整实施以及准入后综合监管、效能评估等，进一步完善市场准入制度体系。强化对法律法规、政策措施的公平竞争审查刚性约束，进一步强化反垄断和反不正当竞争。完善有利于市场统一的信用体系，推动信用信息跨部门跨地区共享互认，加大对失信企业的联合惩戒力度，加快健全统一的信用修复机制。

Unify market infrastructure. Smooth connectivity of facilities is a basic condition for smooth economic circulation. Focus on networking, filling gaps, and strengthening chains, moderately advance the construction of transportation infrastructure, promote cross-regional coordinated layout of transportation, cross-modal integrated connectivity, and cross-domain coordinated development, forming a unified and open transportation market. Carry out pilot projects for modern commercial and trade circulation systems, connect e-commerce and express delivery logistics systems across counties, villages, and towns, accelerate the digital transformation and upgrading of commercial and trade circulation facilities, and effectively reduce logistics costs. Accelerate the construction of new infrastructure such as 5G networks, data centers, and the industrial internet.

统一市场基础设施。设施的顺畅联通是经济循环畅通的基础条件。应以联网、补网、强链为重点，适度超前开展交通基础设施建设，推动交通运输跨区域统筹布局、跨方式一体衔接、跨领域协同发展，形成统一开放的交通运输市场。开展现代商贸流通体系试点、贯通县乡村电子商务和快递物流配送体系等，加快商贸流通设施数字化改造升级，有效降低物流成本。加快5G网络、数据中心、工业互联网等新型基础设施建设。

Unify the scale of government behavior. Currently, the root cause of chaotic behaviors by some local governments lies in deviations in their outlook on political performance. Adhere to a national chessboard approach, further standardize investment attraction behaviors, accelerate the promotion of self-discipline, quality improvement, and upgrading in industries such as new energy vehicles and photovoltaics, and transform investment attraction from “competing for policy dividends” to “competing for service quality” and “competing for industrial ecology,” shifting from pursuing “policy depressions” to creating “reform highlands.” Focus on rectifying chaos in government procurement and bidding and tendering, strengthen fairness review of winning bid results, and promptly expose negative typical cases. Further promote consistency assessment between newly introduced policies and macro-policy orientation to ensure efficient policy coordination. Accelerate the improvement of benchmark systems for administrative discretion in areas such as administrative penalties, standardize the filing, review, and jurisdiction of cases involving enterprises, and resolutely prevent illegal cross-regional law enforcement and profit-driven law enforcement. Improve fiscal and tax systems and statistical accounting systems conducive to market unification, optimize the division of revenue between central and local governments, and enhance local governments’ autonomous fiscal capacity. Improve the assessment system for high-quality development, and designate major violations of unified national market construction as deduction items or veto items.

统一政府行为尺度。当前，一些地方政府行为乱象的根源在于政绩观偏差。应坚持全国一盘棋，进一步规范招商引资行为，加快推动新能源汽车、光伏产业等行业自律、提质升级，推动招商引资从“拼政策红利”向“拼服务质量”“拼产业生态”转型，从追求“政策洼地”变成打造“改革高地”。着力整治政府采购和招标投标乱象，加强对中标结果的公平性审查，及时曝光负面典型案例。进一步推动新出台政策与宏观政策取向一致性评估，确保政策高效协同。加快完善行政处罚等领域行政裁量权基准制度，规范涉企案件立案审查和管辖，坚决防止违规异地执法和趋利性执法。健全有利于市场统一的财税体制、统计核算制度等，优化中央和地方收入划分，增强地方自主财政能力。完善高质量发展考核体系，将重大违反统一大市场建设事件列为减分项或否决项。

Unify market supervision and law enforcement. Fair and unified market supervision is a strong guarantee for market operation order and resource allocation efficiency. Strengthen the standardization and normalization of market supervision, publicly disclose supervision standards and rules in accordance with the law, enhance the stability and predictability of market supervision systems and policies, and continuously reduce supervision costs while improving supervision efficiency. Improve methods such as “double random, one public” supervision, credit supervision, “internet + supervision,” and cross-departmental collaborative supervision, and strengthen the connection and coordination of various types of supervision. In areas such as food and drug safety and environmental protection, implement the strictest standards, strictest supervision, strictest penalties, and strictest accountability. In the financial sector, comprehensively strengthen institutional supervision, behavioral supervision, functional supervision, penetrating supervision, and continuous supervision, and resolutely investigate and punish illegal financial activities in accordance with the law. For some new business forms, promote integrated online and offline supervision.

统一市场监管执法。公平统一的市场监管是市场运行秩序和资源配置效率的有力保障。应加强市场监管标准化规范化建设，依法公开监管标准和规则，增强市场监管制度、政策的稳定性和可预期性，不断降低监管成本、提升监管效能。完善“双随机、一公开”监管、信用监管、“互联网+监管”、跨部门协同监管等方式，加强各类监管的衔接配合。对食品药品安全、环境保护等领域，落实最严谨标准、最严格监管、最严厉处罚、最严肃问责。对金融领域，全面强化机构监管、行为监管、功能监管、穿透式监管、持续监管，依法坚决查处非法金融活动。对于一些新业态，推进线上线下一体化监管。

Unify factor resource markets. The unification of factor resource markets plays an important role in better leveraging the advantages of a unified large market in aggregating resources and encouraging innovation, and in releasing development potential. Coordinate incremental construction land and existing construction land, implement unified planning, strengthen unified management, and improve a unified national secondary market for the transfer, leasing, and mortgage of construction land use rights. Improve a unified and standardized human resources market system, promoting the smooth cross-regional flow of labor and talent. Build a unified medical service market. Accelerate the development of a unified capital market, supporting the financing needs of small, medium, and micro enterprises. Improve a multi-level unified electricity market system, promote the improvement of a unified national coal trading market, and facilitate the connection between “market coal” and “long-term contract coal.” Cultivate and develop a unified national ecological and environmental market, relying on public resource trading platforms to build a unified national carbon emission rights and water use rights trading market. Promote the unified and open data market, establish and improve a national technology trading market, promote the cultivation of a national integrated data market, and release the value of data factors.

统一要素资源市场。要素资源市场的统一，对于更好发挥统一大市场集聚资源、鼓励创新的优势，释放发展潜能具有重要作用。应统筹增量建设用地与存量建设用地，实行统一规划，强化统一管理，完善全国统一的建设用地使用权转让、出租、抵押二级市场。健全统一规范的人力资源市场体系，促进劳动力、人才跨地区顺畅流动。建设统一的医疗服务市场。加快发展统一的资本市场，支持中小微企业融资需求。健全多层次统一电力市场体系，推动完善全国统一的煤炭交易市场，促进“市场煤”和“长协煤”衔接。培育发展全国统一的生态环境市场，依托公共资源交易平台，建设全国统一的碳排放权、用水权交易市场。推动数据市场统一开放，建立健全全国性技术交易市场，促进培育全国一体化数据市场，释放数据要素价值。

Continue to expand opening up both internally and externally. A unified national market is not a closed market operating behind closed doors, but a fully open market oriented toward the world. We should persist in advancing high-standard opening up, actively align with high-standard international economic and trade rules, promote reform through opening up, facilitate the efficient connection of domestic and international markets, and advance the construction of a unified national market. Continue to reduce the negative list for foreign investment access, and promote the expansion of opening up in the field of cross-border trade in services. Implement national treatment for foreign-funded enterprises, ensure fair competition between domestic and foreign-funded enterprises, and enable foreign-funded enterprises to enter, stay, and develop well. Implement the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement with high quality, actively advance the process of joining the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership and the Digital Economy Partnership Agreement, and continue to expand the high-standard free trade zone network oriented toward the world. Focus on promoting the alignment of domestic and foreign systems, the connection of domestic and foreign market channels, the optimization of the integrated development environment, and the strengthening of policy support; cultivate a number of high-quality enterprises engaged in both domestic and foreign trade; further promote the same line, same standard, same quality [4]4 "Same line, same standard, same quality" (同线同标同质) refers to a policy requiring export-oriented enterprises to produce goods for the domestic market on the same production lines, according to the same standards, and with the same quality as their export products.; build a number of platforms for the integrated development of domestic and foreign trade; smooth the path for export-to-domestic sales conversion; and continuously improve the level of integrated development of enterprises in domestic and foreign trade.

持续扩大对内对外开放。全国统一大市场不是关起门来封闭运行的大市场，而是面向全球、充分开放的大市场。应坚持推进高水平对外开放，主动对接国际高标准经贸规则，以开放促改革，推动国内国际市场高效联通，促进全国统一大市场建设。持续压减外资准入负面清单，推进跨境服务贸易领域扩大开放。落实外资企业国民待遇，保障内外资企业公平竞争，让外资企业进得来、留得住、发展好。高质量实施区域全面经济伙伴关系协定，积极推进加入《全面与进步跨太平洋伙伴关系协定》和《数字经济伙伴关系协定》进程，持续扩大面向全球的高标准自贸区网络。着力推进内外制度衔接、内外市场渠道对接、一体化发展环境优化、强化政策支撑，培育一批内外贸优质企业，进一步推进同线同标同质，建设一批内外贸融合发展平台，畅通出口转内销路径，不断提高企业内外贸一体化发展水平。

(The author is Deputy Director of the Xi Jinping Economic Thought Research Center)

（作者系习近平经济思想研究中心副主任）

Online Editor: Ma Jingren

网络编辑：马京仁