Adhere to Integrated Protection and Systematic Governance, Build a Grand Framework for Protection and Governance from the Mountaintops to the Oceans

Ecological progress is a millennium-long plan concerning the sustainable development of the Chinese nation. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: “We must adhere to the integrated protection and systematic governance of mountains, waters, forests, farmlands, grasslands, and deserts, and build a grand framework for protection and governance from the mountaintops to the oceans.” Adhering to the integrated protection and systematic governance of mountains, waters, forests, farmlands, grasslands, and deserts, so that a beautiful China presents a diversity of beauties, is an important measure for practicing the concept that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets, and fully demonstrates the truth power and practical force of Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization.

生态文明建设是关系中华民族永续发展的千年大计。习近平总书记强调：“要坚持山水林田湖草沙一体化保护和系统治理，构建从山顶到海洋的保护治理大格局”。坚持山水林田湖草沙一体化保护和系统治理，让美丽中国呈现多元之美，是践行绿水青山就是金山银山理念的重要举措，充分体现了习近平生态文明思想的真理力量和实践伟力。

Marxism holds that things are universally connected, and the entire world is an interconnected and interactive whole. Only by viewing things from the perspective of universal connection, comprehensive system, and developmental change can we scientifically grasp the laws of development of things. Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization adheres to the Marxist stance, viewpoint, and method, clearly stating that ecological environment governance is a systematic project, and proposing the systematic thought that mountains, waters, forests, farmlands, grasslands, and deserts are a community of life. To adhere to the integrated protection and systematic governance of mountains, waters, forests, farmlands, grasslands, and deserts, we must deeply study and implement Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization, use systematic thinking to more synergistically and more efficiently advance the construction of a beautiful China, and by optimizing top-level design, expanding practical pathways, and strengthening scientific and technological support, achieve integrated ecosystem protection and systematic restoration through one plan for planning, one chessboard for implementation, and one network for supervision, thereby effectively consolidating the national ecological security barrier.

马克思主义认为，事物是普遍联系的，整个世界是相互联系、相互作用的整体。只有用普遍联系的、全面系统的、发展变化的观点看待事物，才能科学把握事物发展规律。习近平生态文明思想坚持马克思主义立场观点方法，明确生态环境治理是一项系统工程，提出山水林田湖草沙是生命共同体的系统思想。坚持山水林田湖草沙一体化保护和系统治理，必须深入学习贯彻习近平生态文明思想，运用系统思维更加协同、更加高效地推进美丽中国建设，通过优化顶层设计、拓展实践路径、强化科技支撑等，以规划一张图、实施一盘棋、监管一张网实现生态系统整体保护和系统修复，切实筑牢国家生态安全屏障。

Strengthen overall coordination with top-level design. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “We must make overall plans, grasp the key and decisive factors, manage the pace and progress well, focus on consolidating and expanding advantages, breaking through bottlenecks and blockages, reinforcing weaknesses and shortcomings, improving quality and efficiency, and maintaining consistency of orientation with the overall goal.” Ecology is a unified natural system, an organic chain of interdependence and close connection. In the ecosystem, various ecological elements are interdependent and mutually influential, forming an organic whole. Adhering to the integrated protection and systematic governance of mountains, waters, forests, farmlands, grasslands, and deserts requires overall consideration and systematic treatment. Strengthening top-level design is necessary to enhance the ability for overall consideration. We must improve the full-coverage ecological environment zoning control system, highlight refined and differentiated ecological environment control, and integrate the protection of the atmosphere, water, soil, and biodiversity with reducing environmental risks and improving resource utilization into the “one plan” for economic and social development planning, thereby better guiding the role of ecological progress. Improve the survey and monitoring systems in related fields such as forests, grasslands, rivers and lakes, wetlands, oceans, water resources, soil and water conservation, desertification, and rocky desertification, form a support system for ecological protection and restoration, and promote better coordination of ecological elements above and below mountains, above and below ground, and on land and sea, using ecological environment improvement to enhance regional development potential. Explore cross-departmental coordination mechanisms, break through institutional barriers, establish a collaborative work platform for information sharing and shared responsibility, and provide strong organizational guarantees for enhancing the ability for overall consideration.

以顶层设计强化整体统筹。习近平总书记指出：“要统筹谋划，抓住关键性、决定性因素，把握好节奏和进度，注重巩固拓展优势、突破瓶颈堵点、补强短板弱项、提高质量效益，与整体目标保持取向一致性。”生态是统一的自然系统，是相互依存、紧密联系的有机链条。在生态系统中，各生态要素相互依存、相互影响，构成一个有机整体。坚持山水林田湖草沙一体化保护和系统治理，要统筹兼顾、系统施治。强化顶层设计，才能提高统筹兼顾的能力。要完善全域覆盖的生态环境分区管控体系，突出生态环境精细化、差异化管控，将保护大气、水、土壤、生物多样性与降低环境风险、提高资源利用等统筹融入经济社会发展规划“一张图”，更好发挥生态文明建设的导向作用。完善森林、草原、河湖、湿地、海洋、水资源、水土保持、荒漠化、石漠化等相关领域的调查监测系统，形成生态保护和修复的支撑体系，推动更好统筹山上山下、地上地下、陆地海洋各生态要素，以生态环境改善提升区域发展潜力。探索跨部门协作机制，打通制度壁垒，建立信息共享、责任共担的协同工作平台，为提高统筹兼顾能力提供坚强的组织保障。

Drive the overall work situation with major projects. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: “Make every effort to do a good job in the implementation of major national strategies and the construction of security capabilities in key areas.” Adhering to the integrated protection and systematic governance of mountains, waters, forests, farmlands, grasslands, and deserts is inseparable from the support of comprehensive, strategic, and fundamental major ecological projects. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, and guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization, we have consolidated the “three zones and four belts” [1]1 “Three zones and four belts” refers to a national ecological security strategy dividing China into key ecological function zones and protection belts, including the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau ecological barrier zone, the Loess Plateau-Sichuan-Yunnan ecological barrier zone, and the Northeast, North China, South China, and coastal ecological belts. ecological security barrier, implemented 52 integrated protection and restoration projects for mountains, waters, forests, farmlands, grasslands, and deserts, comprehensively advanced the construction of a nature reserve system with national parks as the main body, implemented the Sanjiangyuan [2]2 Sanjiangyuan, meaning “source of three rivers,” refers to the headwater region of the Yangtze, Yellow, and Lancang (Mekong) Rivers in Qinghai Province, a key area for national ecological security. ecological protection and construction project and the natural forest protection project, and steadily improved the diversity, stability, and sustainability of the ecosystem. To adhere to the integrated protection and systematic governance of mountains, waters, forests, farmlands, grasslands, and deserts, we must make precise efforts, focus on the implementation of major national strategies and the construction of security capabilities in key areas, scientifically design major ecological projects, and conscientiously carry out preliminary planning, feasibility studies, and the preparation of guarantee plans for key elements such as land use, energy use, environmental impact assessment, and funding for key projects. Starting from the systematic nature, integrity, and synergy of the ecosystem and its internal laws, focusing on enhancing the ecosystem’s circulation capacity, identify the root causes of problems, deeply and systematically implement major ecological projects, implement full life-cycle whole-process management of “planning, construction, management, and operation,” better drive overall protection, systematic restoration, and comprehensive governance, continuously enhance ecosystem service functions, and help improve people’s livelihoods.

以重大工程带动工作全局。习近平总书记强调：“着力做好国家重大战略实施和重点领域安全能力建设各项工作。”坚持山水林田湖草沙一体化保护和系统治理，离不开全局性、战略性、基础性的重大生态工程支撑。党的十八大以来，在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，在习近平生态文明思想指引下，我们筑牢“三区四带”生态安全屏障，实施52个山水林田湖草沙一体化保护和修复工程，全面推进以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系建设，实施三江源生态保护和建设工程、天然林保护工程等，生态系统多样性稳定性持续性稳步提升。坚持山水林田湖草沙一体化保护和系统治理，要精准发力，聚焦国家重大战略实施和重点领域安全能力建设，科学设计重大生态工程，认真组织开展重点项目的前期谋划、可行性研究和用地、用能、环评、资金等关键要素保障预案编制工作。从生态系统的系统性、整体性、协同性以及内在规律出发，着眼于增强生态系统循环能力，找出问题根源，深入系统实施重大生态工程，推行“谋、建、管、运”全生命周期全过程管理，更好带动整体保护、系统修复和综合治理，不断提升生态系统服务功能，助力民生持续改善。

Enhance supervision quality and efficiency with scientific and technological empowerment. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: “We must always use the strictest systems and the most rigorous rule of law to protect the ecological environment, and maintain normalized external pressure.” To adhere to the integrated protection and systematic governance of mountains, waters, forests, farmlands, grasslands, and deserts, we must strictly carry out ecological and environmental protection inspection work in accordance with the procedures and requirements stipulated in the “Regulations on Ecological and Environmental Protection Inspection Work,” adhere to a problem-oriented approach, dare to confront tough issues, focus on key areas, key regions, and prominent problems, consolidate the main responsibility of local Party committees and governments at all levels, promote the serious investigation and punishment of various illegal and non-compliant behaviors in the ecological environment, continuously release the effectiveness of ecological and environmental protection inspections, and make ecological and environmental law enforcement more focused, more precise, and more powerful. Integrate cutting-edge technologies such as satellite remote sensing, drones, and ground sensors to establish a three-dimensional, intelligent monitoring network covering all elements of mountains, waters, forests, farmlands, grasslands, and deserts, achieving dynamic monitoring and precise perception. Strengthen the research, development, and application of artificial intelligence technology, deeply embed the technological gene into the “nerve endings” of ecological environment monitoring, strengthen the management, development, and utilization of big data on the ecological environment, promote data interconnection, sharing, and common use, promote the construction of an artificial intelligence-assisted decision-making system based on big data, assist in building an ecological environment evaluation system that covers all elements and reflects systematicity, achieve simulation prediction and intelligent early warning of ecological environment quality, and support scientific decision-making and precise policy implementation. With the drive to seize the day, the tenacity to persevere over time, and the determination to stand at the forefront, through more effective ecological environment law enforcement and supervision, increase the intensity of integrated protection and systematic governance of mountains, waters, forests, farmlands, grasslands, and deserts, make the mountains greener, the waters clearer, the forests more lush, the farmlands more fertile, the lakes cleaner, the grasslands more abundant, and the deserts more stable, and strive to build a beautiful home with blue skies, green earth, and clear waters.

以科技赋能提升监管质效。习近平总书记强调：“必须始终坚持用最严格制度最严密法治保护生态环境，保持常态化外部压力。”坚持山水林田湖草沙一体化保护和系统治理，要严格按照《生态环境保护督察工作条例》规定的程序和要求开展生态环境保护督察工作，坚持问题导向，敢于动真碰硬，聚焦重点领域、重点区域和突出问题，压实地方各级党委和政府的主体责任，推动严肃查处各类生态环境违法违规行为，不断释放生态环境保护督察的效能，让生态环境执法更加聚焦、更加精准、更加有力。集成卫星遥感、无人机、地面传感器等前沿技术，建立覆盖山水林田湖草沙全要素的立体化、智能化监测网络，实现动态监测、精准感知。加强对人工智能技术的研发和应用，将科技基因深植于生态环境监测的“神经末梢”，加强生态环境大数据管理、开发和利用，促进数据互联互通、共享共用，推动构建基于大数据的人工智能辅助决策系统，助力建设覆盖全要素、体现系统性的生态环境评价系统，实现生态环境质量模拟预测、智能预警，支撑科学决策、精准施策。以只争朝夕的干劲、久久为功的韧劲、勇立潮头的拼劲，通过更加有效的生态环境执法监管加大山水林田湖草沙一体化保护和系统治理的力度，让山更青、水更绿、林更茂、田更肥、湖更净、草更丰、沙更固，努力建设一个天蓝、地绿、水清的美丽家园。

People’s Daily (November 19, 2025)

《人民日报》（2025年11月19日）

Online Editor: Chu Yang

网络编辑：初阳