Advance Education, Science and Technology, and Talent Development as an Integrated Whole, Accelerate the Achievement of High-Level Scientific and Technological Self-Reliance and Self-Strengthening

The fifth volume of *Xi Jinping: The Governance of China* vividly records our Party’s great practice of leading the people in advancing Chinese-path modernization, centrally presents the latest development of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and systematically elaborates on “advancing education, science and technology, and talent development as an integrated whole” as a dedicated chapter, clarifying the strategic requirements and practical pathways for integrated development. We must earnestly study, deeply comprehend, and resolutely implement these requirements.

《习近平谈治国理政》第五卷生动记录了我们党领导人民推进中国式现代化的伟大实践，集中展现了习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的最新发展，将“一体推进教育科技人才事业发展”作为专章内容进行了系统阐述，明确了一体发展的战略要求和实践路径，我们必须认真学习、深刻领会，坚决抓好贯彻落实。

I. Fully Understand the Profound Connotation and Major Significance of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s Important Expositions on Advancing Education, Science and Technology, and Talent Development as an Integrated Whole

一、充分认识习近平总书记关于一体推进教育科技人才发展重要论述的深刻内涵和重大意义

General Secretary Xi Jinping has always attached great importance to work on education, science and technology, and talent. He emphasizes that science and technology are the primary productive forces, talent is the primary resource, and innovation is the primary driving force. He clearly states that education, science and technology, and talent are the foundational and strategic underpinnings for comprehensively building a modern socialist country. He points out that scientific and technological innovation depends on talent, and talent cultivation depends on education. He requires that these three be organically combined and advanced as an integrated whole, forming a multiplier effect that drives high-quality development, and he has made a series of important deployments regarding the cultivation of scientific and technological talent. To study and comprehend General Secretary Xi Jinping’s new ideas, new viewpoints, and new conclusions on the integrated development of education, science and technology, and talent, we must take high-quality development as the goal, take high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening as the guide, and take the cultivation and utilization of scientific and technological talent as the focus, forming a joint force for integrated advancement, so as to provide the foundational and strategic support of education, science and technology, and talent for accelerating the building of a leading country in science and technology and realizing Chinese-path modernization.

习近平总书记始终高度重视教育科技人才工作，强调科技是第一生产力、人才是第一资源、创新是第一动力，明确教育、科技、人才是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的基础性、战略性支撑，指出科技创新靠人才、人才培养靠教育，要求把三者有机结合起来、一体统筹推进，形成推动高质量发展的倍增效应，并对科技人才培养作出一系列重要部署。学习领会习近平总书记关于教育科技人才一体发展的新思想新观点新论断，要以高质量发展为目标，以高水平科技自立自强为牵引，以科技人才培养使用为重点，形成一体推进合力，为加快建设科技强国、实现中国式现代化提供教育科技人才基础性、战略性支撑。

(I) Advancing education, science and technology, and talent development as an integrated whole is the latest development of Marxist theory. General Secretary Xi Jinping points out that “education, science and technology, and talent are internally consistent and mutually supportive,” and clearly states that “we must persist in advancing education development, scientific and technological innovation, and talent cultivation as an integrated whole, forming a virtuous cycle.” Education, science and technology, and talent are important components of the Marxist theory of productive forces. Marx believed that “science is also included among the productive forces” and that education is “not only a method of enhancing social production but also the only method of producing fully developed human beings.” Comrade Mao Zedong pointed out: “Without engaging in science and technology, productive forces cannot be raised,” and education “must be combined with productive labor.” Comrade Deng Xiaoping pointed out: “To develop science and technology, we cannot do without education” and “the foundation for cultivating scientific and technological talent lies in education.” General Secretary Xi Jinping, based on the fundamental principles of Marxism, creatively points out the internal consistency and mutual supportiveness of education, science and technology, and talent, elucidating the directional and fundamental issues of integrated development, which is a further enrichment and development of Marxist theory.

（一）一体推进教育科技人才发展是马克思主义理论的最新发展。习近平总书记指出，“教育、科技、人才内在一致、相互支撑”，明确“坚持教育发展、科技创新、人才培养一体推进，形成良性循环”。教育、科技、人才是马克思主义生产力理论的重要内容。马克思认为，“生产力中也包括科学”，教育“不仅是提高社会生产的一种方法，而且是造就全面发展的人的唯一方法”。毛泽东同志指出：“不搞科学技术，生产力无法提高”，教育“必须同生产劳动相结合”。邓小平同志指出：“发展科学技术，不抓教育不行”“科学技术人才的培养，基础在教育”。习近平总书记立足马克思主义基本原理，创造性指出教育科技人才的内在一致性和相互支撑性，阐释了一体发展的方向性、根本性问题，是对马克思主义理论的进一步丰富发展。

(II) Advancing education, science and technology, and talent development as an integrated whole is a strategic move to support the realization of high-quality development. General Secretary Xi Jinping points out that high-quality development is an inevitable requirement of Chinese-path modernization, and clearly states that “we must optimize the disciplinary structure and talent cultivation models of higher education institutions in accordance with new trends in scientific and technological development, in order to cultivate urgently needed talent for developing new quality productive forces and promoting high-quality development.” The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has made the major strategic decision to

（二）一体推进教育科技人才发展是支撑实现高质量发展的战略之举。习近平总书记指出，高质量发展是中国式现代化的必然要求，明确“要根据科技发展新趋势，优化高等学校学科设置、人才培养模式，为发展新质生产力、推动高质量发展培养急需人才”。以习近平同志为核心的党中央作出2035年建成教育强国、科技强国、人才强国的重大战略决策，比全面建成社会主义现代化强国目标提前15年，就是要发挥教育科技人才对高质量发展的支撑引领作用。我国即将迈入基本实现社会主义现代化夯实基础、全面发力的关键时期，发展条件和增长模式正发生深刻变化，实现高质量发展亟须加快从要素驱动转向创新驱动，对教育加强前瞻性部署和理工科人才培养提出更高要求，对战略领域急需人才和拔尖创新人才需求更加迫切，亟待一体推进教育科技人才发展，走出一条从人才强、科技强到产业强、经济强、国家强的发展道路。习近平总书记系列重要论述准确把握全面建设社会主义现代化国家战略目标和形势挑战，深刻阐明了发展靠科技、科技靠人才、人才靠教育的现实要求，为一体发展提供了行动指南。

(3) Integrating education, science and technology, and talent development is an inevitable requirement for seizing the opportunities of the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation. The Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Party proposed: "Seize the historical opportunities of the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, coordinate the construction of an education powerhouse, a science and technology powerhouse, and a talent powerhouse, enhance the overall effectiveness of the national innovation system, comprehensively strengthen independent innovation capabilities, seize the commanding heights of scientific and technological development, and continuously foster new quality productive forces." [1]1 The Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC, held in July 2024, focused on further deepening reform comprehensively to advance Chinese modernization. Looking at history, each scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation has driven major adjustments in economic structure, profoundly changing the knowledge, skills, and structural types of workers and presenting new demands. Currently, the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is accelerating breakthroughs, with evident characteristics of interdisciplinary integration and a rapidly accelerating pace of knowledge renewal. This requires that educational models and talent cultivation methods better adapt to the new trend of accelerated iteration of cutting-edge technologies in emerging fields. Artificial intelligence is leading a paradigm shift in scientific research, with workers taking on a new form of human-machine collaboration. Innovative, composite, and digital talents have become urgently needed by society, placing higher demands on the integrated development of education, science and technology, and talent. General Secretary Xi Jinping's series of important expositions profoundly insight into the laws of historical development of human society, accurately grasp the trends and characteristics of the integrated development of education, science and technology, and talent, and point the way forward for integrated development.

（三）一体推进教育科技人才发展是抢抓新一轮科技革命和产业变革机遇的必然要求。党的二十届四中全会提出：“抓住新一轮科技革命和产业变革历史机遇，统筹教育强国、科技强国、人才强国建设，提升国家创新体系整体效能，全面增强自主创新能力，抢占科技发展制高点，不断催生新质生产力。”纵观历史，历次科技革命和产业变革推动经济结构出现重大调整，劳动者知识技能和结构类型发生深刻变化、面临全新要求。当前，新一轮科技革命和产业变革加速突破，学科交叉融合特征明显，知识更新速度不断加快，要求教育模式和人才培养方式更好适应新兴领域前沿技术加速迭代的新趋势。人工智能引领科学研究范式变革，劳动者呈现人机协同新形态，创新型、复合型、数字化人才成为社会急需，对教育科技人才一体发展提出更高要求。习近平总书记系列重要论述深刻洞察人类社会历史发展规律，准确把握教育科技人才一体发展趋势特征，为一体发展指明了前进方向。

II. Accurately Grasp the Practical Foundation and General Requirements for Integrating Education, Science and Technology, and Talent Development

二、准确把握一体推进教育科技人才发展的实践基础和总体要求

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, China has deeply implemented the strategy of invigorating the country through science and education, the strategy of strengthening the nation through talent, and the innovation-driven development strategy, promoting historic achievements and transformations in the undertakings of education, science and technology, and talent. The construction of an education powerhouse, a science and technology powerhouse, and a talent powerhouse has embarked on a new journey. China's scientific and technological strength has leaped overall, the national strategic scientific and technological forces have continuously grown, breakthroughs in key core technologies have been made, and a number of major original achievements have been obtained. The number of high-level international journal papers and international patent applications has ranked first in the world for five consecutive years, and the national comprehensive innovation capability has risen from 14th place in 2020 to 10th place in 2024. An education system with the largest scale and high quality in the world has been built, with the gross enrollment rate of higher education reaching 60.8%. In 2023, approximately 603,000 graduate students in science, engineering, agriculture, and medicine were cultivated, accounting for about 59.4% of the total number of graduate graduates that year. The role of universities as the main force in basic research has become more prominent, and the basic supporting role of education for scientific and technological innovation has continuously strengthened. The scientific and technological talent team has improved in both quantity and quality. China has become the world's largest and most comprehensive talent resource country, with a total talent resource of 220 million people and over 72 million highly skilled talents. The full-time equivalent of R&D personnel in China reached 7.241 million person-years in 2023, ranking first in the world for many years. In 2025, the number of highly cited scientists in mainland China reached 1,406 person-times, accounting for 19.7% of the global total. Positive progress has been made in the integration of science and education and the convergence of industry and education. The optimization, adjustment, and upgrading of university disciplines and specialties have been promoted. In 2024, 1,673 undergraduate specialty points urgently needed for national strategy were added, and 1,670 specialty points that do not adapt to economic and social development were revoked. The reform of engineering master's and doctoral training has been deepened, with over 60 universities and more than 100 enterprises jointly recruiting over 20,000 engineering master's and doctoral students. Pilot construction of national colleges has been promoted focusing on cutting-edge fields such as artificial intelligence, integrated circuits, and life sciences. High-level talents have been gathered and cultivated relying on major national scientific and technological tasks and scientific and technological innovation platform bases. Talents have been motivated by deepening reforms in key areas such as scientific and technological talent evaluation, transformation of scientific and technological achievements, scientific research autonomy, and salary systems, creating a good ecosystem to serve talents. At the same time, it must be noted that the structural contradiction of mismatch between supply and demand in China's talent cultivation and scientific and technological innovation remains relatively prominent, with insufficient top scientific and technological talents, disconnection between engineering technology talent training and production practice, unreasonable talent evaluation, poor flow of scientific and technological talents, and the coordination mechanism for integrated promotion needs to be improved. It is necessary to further strengthen overall coordination and form a strong synergy for integrated development.

党的十八大以来，我国深入实施科教兴国战略、人才强国战略、创新驱动发展战略，推动教育、科技、人才事业取得历史性成就、发生历史性变革，教育强国、科技强国、人才强国建设开启新征程。我国科技实力整体跃升，国家战略科技力量不断壮大，关键核心技术攻关不断突破，取得一批重大原创性成果，高水平国际期刊论文数量和国际专利申请量连续5年世界第一，国家综合创新能力由2020年第十四位提升至2024年第十位。建成世界规模最大且高质量的教育体系，高等教育毛入学率达到60.8%；2023年培养理工农医类研究生约60.3万，约占当年研究生毕业生总数的59.4%；高校基础研究主力军作用更加凸显，教育对科技创新的基础支撑作用不断增强。科技人才队伍量质齐升，我国成为世界上规模最宏大、门类最齐全的人才资源大国，人才资源总量达2.2亿人，高技能人才超过7200万人；我国研发人员全时当量2023年达724.1万人年，多年位居世界第一；2025年我国内地高被引科学家达到1406人次，占全球19.7%。科教融合、产教融汇取得积极进展。推动高校学科专业优化、调整升级，2024年增设国家战略急需本科专业点1673个，撤销不适应经济社会发展专业点1670个。深化工程硕博士培养改革，60多所高校、100多家企业联合招收2万多名工程硕博士。聚焦人工智能、集成电路和生命科学等前沿领域推进国家学院试点建设。依托国家重大科技任务、科技创新平台基地集聚造就高层次人才。通过深化科技人才评价、科技成果转化、科研自主权、薪酬制度等重点领域改革激励人才，营造良好生态服务人才。同时要看到，我国人才培养与科技创新供需不匹配的结构性矛盾仍然比较突出，顶尖科技人才不足，工程技术人才培养与生产实践脱节，人才评价不合理，科技人才流动不畅，一体推进的协调机制有待健全，必须进一步加强统筹协调，形成一体发展强大合力。

To earnestly comprehend and implement General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important expositions and the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee, it is necessary to grasp the overall requirements for the integrated development of education, science and technology, and talent. First, adhere to high-quality development as the goal. High-quality development is the primary task of comprehensively building a modern socialist country. It is necessary to base efforts on developing new quality productive forces and promoting high-quality development, to deploy the innovation chain, industrial chain, and talent chain in an integrated manner, and to advance education development, scientific and technological innovation, and talent cultivation in an integrated way, achieving a virtuous cycle and mutual promotion among education, science and technology, and talent, thereby forming a multiplier effect that drives high-quality development. Second, adhere to high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening as the guide. To promote high-quality development, the most important thing is to accelerate high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening. It is necessary to focus on the “four fronts” [2]2 The “four fronts” refers to facing the world’s scientific and technological frontiers, facing the main economic battlefield, facing the major national needs, and facing the people’s life and health., take high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening as the starting point and foothold of integrated development, strengthen the foundational supporting role of education for science and technology and talent, strengthen the fundamental guarantee role of talent for scientific and technological innovation, and provide strong support for high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening with high-quality education and high-quality talent. Third, adhere to cultivating and utilizing scientific and technological talent as the focus. Innovation-driven development is essentially talent-driven. It is necessary to enhance systematic thinking, accurately grasp the connotation and focus of integrated advancement, take the cultivation and utilization of scientific and technological talent as the integration point of the integrated development of education, science and technology, and talent, strengthen the cultivation of graduate students in science and engineering, focus on increasing the scale of talent in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), and stimulate the innovation and creativity vitality of scientific and technological talent. Fourth, adhere to mechanism innovation and environment creation as the guarantee. Integrated development must rely on reform to create a good innovation ecosystem and maximize the stimulation of innovation momentum and vitality. It is necessary to target the blockages and bottlenecks that restrict integrated development, coordinate and advance the integrated reform of the education, science and technology, and talent systems and mechanisms, build a system and mechanism that supports comprehensive innovation, and enhance the overall effectiveness of the national innovation system.

认真领会落实习近平总书记系列重要论述和党中央决策部署，必须把握好教育科技人才一体发展的总体要求。一是坚持以高质量发展为目标。高质量发展是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的首要任务，必须立足发展新质生产力、推动高质量发展，一体部署创新链、产业链、人才链，一体推进教育发展、科技创新、人才培养，实现教育科技人才的良性循环、互融共促，形成推动高质量发展的倍增效应。二是坚持以高水平科技自立自强为牵引。推动高质量发展，最重要的是加快高水平科技自立自强，必须聚焦“四个面向”，以高水平科技自立自强作为一体发展的出发点和落脚点，强化教育对科技和人才的基础支撑作用，强化人才对科技创新的根本保障作用，以高质量教育和高素质人才为高水平科技自立自强提供有力支撑。三是坚持以培养使用科技人才为重点。创新驱动本质上是人才驱动，必须增强系统观念，准确把握一体推进的内涵和重点，把培养使用科技人才作为教育科技人才一体发展的结合点，加强理工科研究生培养，着力提高科学、技术、工程和数学（STEM）领域理工科人才规模，激发科技人才创新创造活力。四是坚持以机制创新和环境营造为保障。一体发展必须依靠改革营造良好创新生态，最大限度激发创新动力活力，必须瞄准制约一体发展的卡点堵点，统筹推进教育科技人才体制机制一体改革，构建支持全面创新体制机制，提升国家创新体系整体效能。

III. Comprehensively Implement the Major Tasks of Integrating the Advancement of Education, Science and Technology, and Talent Development

三、全面落实一体推进教育科技人才发展重大任务

The Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Party [3]3 The Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC was held in July 2024, focusing on comprehensively deepening reform and advancing Chinese modernization. has made top-level design and strategic planning for development over the next five years and has made specific deployments for integrating the advancement of education, science and technology, and talent development. We must earnestly study and comprehend General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important expositions, further unify thinking, build consensus, form synergy, and implement the major decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee thoroughly and without compromise.

党的二十届四中全会对未来5年发展作出顶层设计和战略擘画，对一体推进教育科技人才发展作出专门部署。我们要认真学习领会习近平总书记系列重要论述，进一步统一思想、凝聚共识、形成合力，不折不扣地把党中央重大决策部署落实到位。

(I) Uphold and strengthen the Party’s overall leadership, establish and improve a coordination mechanism for integrating the advancement of education, science and technology, and talent development. Integrate Party leadership throughout the entire process and all aspects of the integrated reform and development of education, science and technology, and talent. Strengthen political leadership over the work of education, science and technology, and talent, and always maintain the correct political direction. Strengthen planning alignment, incorporate the integrated advancement of education, science and technology, and talent development as an important part of the relevant plans for education, science and technology, and talent during the “15th Five-Year Plan” period [4]4 The “15th Five-Year Plan” period covers the years 2026-2030., and coordinate the deployment of major tasks and reform measures. Strengthen policy coordination, strengthen the coordinated formulation and implementation of policies for scientific and technological innovation, education development, and talent cultivation and utilization. Strengthen resource coordination, promote the integrated allocation of projects, bases, talent, and funds in key areas. Support localities in focusing on the development of key industries and carrying out pilot initiatives in areas such as co-cultivating and sharing talent through innovation platforms, joint research on scientific projects, and the “introduction, cultivation, retention, use, and service” of talent.

（一）坚持和加强党的全面领导，建立健全一体推进教育科技人才发展协调机制。把党的领导贯穿教育科技人才一体改革和发展的全过程各环节，加强对教育科技人才工作的政治引领，始终保持正确的政治方向。加强规划衔接，将一体推进教育科技人才发展作为“十五五”时期教育、科技、人才相关规划重要内容，统筹部署重大任务和改革举措。加强政策协同，加强科技创新、教育发展、人才培养使用等政策的统筹制定与实施。加强资源统筹，推动重点领域项目、基地、人才、资金一体化配置。支持地方聚焦重点产业发展，在依托创新平台共育共享人才、科研项目联合攻关、人才“引育留用服”等方面开展先行先试。

(II) Coordinate the advancement of the construction of national strategic scientific and technological forces and the implementation of major scientific and technological tasks, promoting a positive interaction between independent scientific and technological innovation and independent talent cultivation. In the process of building and developing national laboratories, national research institutions, high-level research universities, and leading science and technology enterprises, focus on building high-level talent teams and strengthen the synergy between organized scientific research and systematic talent cultivation. Strengthen original and leading scientific and technological research. In the organization and implementation of major national scientific and technological tasks and the construction and operation of high-level scientific and technological infrastructure, make the gathering, cultivation, and utilization of first-class scientific and technological leading talent and innovation teams an important goal and content. Promote the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation, lead the construction of a modern industrial system, further strengthen the dominant position of enterprises in innovation, and cultivate a group of innovative and entrepreneurial talents and scientific and technological entrepreneurs who are bold in pioneering and enterprising. Advance the construction of international and regional scientific and technological innovation centers at a high level, and build world-class talent centers and innovation highlands.

（二）统筹推进国家战略科技力量建设和重大科技任务实施，促进科技自主创新和人才自主培养良性互动。在国家实验室、国家科研机构、高水平研究型大学、科技领军企业建设发展进程中，着力打造高水平人才队伍，强化有组织科研攻关和体系化人才培养协同推进。加强原创性、引领性科技攻关，在国家重大科技任务组织实施和高水平科技基础设施建设运营中，将集聚培养使用一流科技领军人才和创新团队作为重要目标和内容。推动科技创新和产业创新深度融合，引领现代化产业体系建设，进一步强化企业创新主体地位，培养一批勇于开拓进取的创新创业人才和科技企业家队伍。高水平推进国际和区域科技创新中心建设，打造世界重要人才中心和创新高地。

(III) Focus on the integration of science and education and the integration of industry and education, accelerate the improvement of the cultivation model for urgently needed and scarce talent. Focus on strategically contested fields such as artificial intelligence, integrated circuits, quantum technology, and biotechnology, and build a number of high-level scientific research platforms and talent cultivation bases. Guided by the needs of scientific and technological innovation, industrial development, and national strategy, improve the mechanism for adjusting university discipline settings and the talent cultivation model, make extraordinary arrangements for urgently needed disciplines and specialties, create first-class core courses, textbooks, and teaching teams, and strengthen the construction of basic disciplines, emerging disciplines, and interdisciplinary disciplines, as well as the cultivation of top-notch talent. Focus on key areas to strengthen the integrated cultivation of bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral students, fully utilize emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence to empower scientific research and talent cultivation, and enhance the scientific thinking, innovative spirit, and practical ability of STEM talent. Build strong national excellence engineer academies, strengthen the cultivation of engineering master’s and doctoral students, and promote the sharing of resources, co-construction of courses, and co-cultivation of talent among universities, enterprises, and research institutes.

（三）以科教融汇和产教融合为着力点，加快完善急需紧缺人才的培养模式。围绕人工智能、集成电路、量子科技、生物科技等战略必争领域，建设一批高水平科研平台和人才培养基地。以科技创新、产业发展和国家战略需求为牵引，完善高校学科设置调整机制和人才培养模式，超常布局急需学科专业，打造一流核心课程教材和师资团队，加强基础学科、新兴学科、交叉学科建设和拔尖人才培养。围绕重点领域加强本硕博贯通培养，充分利用人工智能等新兴技术手段赋能科学研究和人才培养，提升STEM人才的科学思维、创新精神和实践能力。建强国家卓越工程师学院，强化工程硕博士培养，推动高校与企业、科研院所资源共享、课程共建、人才共育。

(IV) Optimize the systematic layout of the national strategic talent force, build a team capable of tackling key problems to support scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening. Discover and cultivate more high-level composite talents with the potential of strategic scientists in major national scientific and technological innovation practices, forming an echelon for the growth of strategic scientists. Organize collaborative research among industry, academia, and research around key industries and key areas, optimize the mechanism for discovering leading talents and the mechanism for selecting project teams, and accelerate the gathering and support of first-class scientific and technological leading talents and innovation teams. Improve the mechanism for discovering, selecting, and cultivating young talents, strengthen stable support for young talents in their early careers and over the long term, increase the support of various science and technology plan projects for young talents, and support more outstanding young talents to take on major roles and lead. Explore and form an engineer cultivation system with Chinese characteristics and world-class standards, and strive to build a high-level team of engineers and craftsmen of the nation with outstanding innovation capabilities and the ability to solve complex engineering problems.

（四）优化国家战略人才力量体系化布局，打造支撑科技自立自强的攻坚队伍。在国家重大科技创新实践中发现和培养更多具有战略科学家潜质的高层次复合型人才，形成战略科学家成长梯队。围绕重点产业重点领域组织产学研协同攻关，优化领军人才发现机制和项目团队遴选机制，加速集聚和支持一流科技领军人才和创新团队。完善青年人才发现、选拔和培养机制，强化对青年人才职业早期和长周期稳定支持，加大各类科技计划项目对青年人才的支持力度，支持更多优秀青年人才挑大梁、当主角。探索形成中国特色、世界水平的工程师培养体系，努力建设具有突出创新能力、善于解决复杂工程问题的高水平工程师和大国工匠队伍。

(V) Take evaluation and incentive reform as a breakthrough, fully stimulate the mission, responsibility, and innovation vitality of the vast number of scientific and technological personnel in dedicating themselves to building a strong nation. Guided by evaluation criteria of innovation capability, quality, effectiveness, and contribution, deepen reforms in project review, institutional evaluation, talent evaluation, and income distribution. Adhere to both “breaking the four onlys” [5]5 “Breaking the four onlys” refers to a reform initiative to move away from evaluating scientific research and talent solely based on papers, diplomas, professional titles, and awards. and “establishing new standards,” and improve a classified evaluation system that conforms to the laws of scientific research activities and talent growth. Take effective measures to continuously deepen the governance of “titles” [6]6 “Titles” here refers to various academic and professional honorific designations (e.g., “distinguished professor,” “leading talent”) that have become a focus of criticism for distorting incentives in research. in the scientific and educational circles, avoiding simply determining salary and benefits or allocating academic resources based on academic titles or talent designations. Improve incentive systems such as science and technology awards, income distribution, and empowerment of achievements, effectively reduce the non-academic burden on scientific researchers, strengthen care and concern for the work and life of scientific researchers, and improve the system to ensure that scientific researchers can concentrate on scientific research. Standardize and improve the mechanism for the orderly flow of talent, smooth the channels for talent exchange among universities, research institutes, and enterprises, and promote the concentration of more high-level talent in enterprises. Establish a high-tech talent immigration system, improve the support and guarantee mechanism for introducing overseas talent, and attract and cultivate world-class talent. Vigorously promote the spirit of scientists, gather strong spiritual motivation for serving the country through science and technology, strengthen the value pursuit of daring to be the first, scaling new heights, and pursuing excellence in the scientific and technological and educational circles, and contribute more wisdom and strength in the great journey of Chinese-path modernization.

（五）以评价和激励改革为突破口，充分激发广大科技人员投身强国建设的使命担当和创新活力。以创新能力、质量、实效、贡献为评价导向，深化项目评审、机构评估、人才评价、收入分配改革。坚持“破四唯”和“立新标”并举，健全符合科研活动规律和人才成长规律的分类评价体系。采取有效措施持续深化科教界“帽子”治理，避免简单以学术头衔、人才称号确定薪酬待遇、配置学术资源。完善科技奖励、收入分配、成果赋权等激励制度，切实减轻科研人员非学术性负担，加强对科研人员工作生活的关心关爱，健全保障科研人员专心科研制度。规范完善人才有序流动机制，畅通高校、科研院所、企业人才交流通道，推动更多高层次人才向企业集聚。建立高技术人才移民制度，完善海外引进人才支持保障机制，引育世界优秀人才。大力弘扬科学家精神，凝聚科技报国的强大精神动力，在科技界与教育界强化敢为人先、勇攀高峰、追求卓越的价值追求，在中国式现代化的伟大征程中贡献更多智慧和力量。

Online Editor: Huihui

网络编辑：慧慧