Striving Unremittingly to Advance National Defense and Military Modernization with High Quality

Advancing the modernization of national defense and the military is a “major matter of the state” that the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core attaches great importance to and personally grasps and promotes. The recently published fifth volume of *Xi Jinping: The Governance of China* takes “Chinese-path modernization” as its overarching theme and main thread throughout, with rich and profound connotations. Among its contents, comprehensively raising the level of national defense and military modernization is both an important component of the entire work and the essential essence of the three documents collected in the twelfth special topic. These important documents, along with related important expositions, further enrich and develop Xi Jinping Thought on Strengthening the Military, representing the latest achievements in the Party’s military guiding theory. The people’s military must, with a sense of responsibility and faith, conscientiously organize the study and good use of this most authoritative and vivid textbook, integrate the first through fifth volumes of *Xi Jinping: The Governance of China* as a whole, combine this with studying and implementing the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC [1]1 The Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC is a meeting of the Party’s top leadership body, typically focused on Party building and governance issues., comprehensively and accurately study and comprehend it, unswervingly implement it, effectively enhance the sense of mission and urgency in advancing national defense and military modernization with high quality, and strive to provide strong strategic support for the great cause of building a strong country and national rejuvenation.

推进国防和军队现代化，是以习近平同志为核心的党中央高度重视、亲抓实抓的“国之大者”。近期出版的《习近平谈治国理政》第五卷，通篇以“中国式现代化”为主题主线，内涵十分丰富深刻。其中，全面提高国防和军队现代化水平既是全书的重要内容，也是该书第12个专题集中收录的3篇文献的精髓要义。这些重要文献以及相关重要论述，进一步丰富和发展了习近平强军思想，是党的军事指导理论的最新成果。人民军队要带着责任和信仰，认真组织学好用好这一最权威、鲜活的教材，将《习近平谈治国理政》第一卷至第五卷作为整体贯通起来，同学习贯彻党的二十届四中全会精神结合起来，全面准确学习领会，毫不动摇贯彻落实，切实增强高质量推进国防和军队现代化的使命感紧迫感，努力为强国建设、民族复兴伟业提供坚强战略支撑。

Deeply Understand That National Defense and Military Modernization Is an Important Component of Chinese-Path Modernization

深刻认识国防和军队现代化是中国式现代化的重要组成部分

Advancing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization inherently includes national defense and military construction. Focusing on realizing the Chinese Dream and the dream of building a strong military, accelerating the process of national defense and military modernization, and building a consolidated national defense and a strong military are the Party’s high historical consciousness and far-sighted planning in the New Era, and constitute an important political implication running through the fifth volume of *Xi Jinping: The Governance of China*.

以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴，内在包含国防和军队建设。着眼于实现中国梦强军梦，加快推进国防和军队现代化进程、建设巩固国防和强大军队，是新时代我们党高度的历史自觉和深谋远虑，是贯穿于《习近平谈治国理政》第五卷的重要政治意蕴。

In the long river of human civilization’s evolution, dramas of the rise and fall of great powers have been continuously staged. A strong country must have a strong military; only with a strong military can national security be ensured—this is an iron law of the rise of world powers. The Chinese nation has stood majestically in the East of the world since ancient times, with a civilization history of over 5,000 years. However, in modern times, due to political corruption, seclusion, and backwardness in industry, science and technology, and military strength, ancient China’s doors were forced open by the strong ships and powerful cannons of Western powers. The great nation gradually degenerated into a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, and the Chinese nation suffered unprecedented calamities. From the Opium War [2]2 The Opium War (1839-1842) was a conflict between Qing China and Britain, triggered by trade disputes and opium trafficking, resulting in China’s first unequal treaty. to the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 [3]3 The Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 was a conflict between Qing China and Meiji Japan over influence in Korea, ending in a decisive Japanese victory and further humiliation for China., to the invasion of China by the Eight-Nation Alliance [4]4 The Eight-Nation Alliance was a multinational military coalition (including Britain, the US, Germany, France, Russia, Japan, Italy, and Austria-Hungary) that invaded China in 1900 to suppress the Boxer Rebellion. and Japan’s brazen launch of a full-scale war of aggression against China [5]5 Japan’s full-scale war of aggression against China began in 1937, leading to the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945), part of World War II., enemies invaded China from land or sea hundreds of times, large and small. Sometimes, a few thousand men, a few warships, or a few cannons set up on the coast were enough for them to rampage across our country, forcing the rulers of the time to sign unequal treaties, repeatedly interrupting the modernization process of the Chinese nation. In this regard, President Xi profoundly pointed out: “Once military backwardness takes shape, its impact on national security will be fatal. I often read some historical materials of modern China, and whenever I see the tragic scenes of backwardness inviting aggression, I feel deep pain in my heart!” The establishment of New China completely ended the tragic fate of the Chinese people in the old era. Precisely because our Party and state attach great importance to national defense and military construction and dare to show our sword at critical moments, we have withstood various external pressures and resolutely safeguarded the country’s independence, autonomy, security, and dignity. History has repeatedly proven that if the military hand is weak, national security has no guarantee; without a strong military, there cannot be a strong motherland.

在人类文明演进的历史长河中，一幕又一幕大国兴衰的活剧不断上演。强国必须强军、军强才能国安，这是世界大国崛起的铁律。中华民族自古就雄居世界东方，有着5000多年的文明历史。但近代以来，由于政治腐败、闭关锁国和工业科技、军事实力等方面的落后，古老中国被西方列强的坚船利炮打开国门，泱泱大国逐步沦为半殖民地半封建社会，中华民族遭受了前所未有的劫难。从鸦片战争到甲午战争，再到八国联军侵华和日本悍然发动全面侵华战争，敌人从我国陆地或海上的入侵大小数百次。他们有时来几千人、几艘军舰，或者在海岸上架几门大炮，就能在我国横冲直撞，迫使当时统治者签订不平等条约，导致中华民族现代化进程一再被打断。对此，习主席深刻指出：“军事上的落后一旦形成，对国家安全的影响将是致命的。我经常看中国近代的一些史料，一看到落后挨打的悲惨情景就痛彻肺腑！”新中国的建立，彻底结束了旧中国人民的悲惨命运。正是因为我们党和国家高度重视国防和军队建设，敢于在关键时刻亮剑，才顶住了来自外部的各种压力，坚决维护了国家的独立、自主、安全、尊严。历史反复证明，军事这一手弱了，国家安全就没有保障；没有一支强大的军队，就不可能有强大的祖国。

Realizing modernization is a long-cherished aspiration of the Chinese people since modern times. The Communist Party of China, leading the Chinese people in seeking national prosperity, national rejuvenation, and people’s happiness, has found the broad path of Chinese-path modernization. Entering the New Era, our Party, focusing on solving prominent contradictions and problems existing in modernization construction, has emancipated the mind, boldly innovated, promoted a series of transformative practices, achieved a series of breakthrough progress, obtained a series of landmark achievements, and successfully advanced and expanded Chinese-path modernization. Today’s China is undergoing changes with each passing day. We are closer to the goal of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation than at any time in history. Considering and handling military issues from the overall perspective of the Party’s cause, and planning national defense and military modernization within the overall process of national modernization, is a basic experience of our Party in governing the country. Currently, although China has become the world’s second-largest economy, the elements of a strong country are still incomplete; it is in a critical development stage of being big but not strong, on the verge of becoming strong but not yet there. “All principles of benefit keep pace with the times.” [6]6 “All principles of benefit keep pace with the times” is a classical Chinese allusion from the *Book of Changes* (Yijing), emphasizing the need to adapt to changing circumstances. President Xi clearly pointed out that national defense strength must match economic strength; to whatever extent economic and social development reaches, national defense strength must keep pace. Responding to the call of the times for a strong country to have a strong military objectively requires that national defense and military modernization be advanced as quickly as possible, so that military capabilities meet the strategic needs of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

实现现代化是近代以来中国人民孜孜以求的宏愿，中国共产党领导中国人民寻求国家富强、民族振兴、人民幸福，找到了中国式现代化这条康庄大道。进入新时代，我们党围绕解决现代化建设中存在的突出矛盾和问题，解放思想、大胆创新，推进一系列变革性实践，实现一系列突破性进展，取得一系列标志性成果，成功推进和拓展了中国式现代化。当今中国正在发生着日新月异的变化，我们比历史上任何时期都更加接近实现中华民族伟大复兴的目标。从党的事业全局中思考处理军事问题，在国家现代化整体进程中运筹国防和军队现代化，是我们党治国理政的一条基本经验。当前，虽然我国已成为世界第二大经济体，但强国的要素仍然不完备，处于大而不强、将强未强的关键发展阶段。“凡益之道，与时偕行。”习主席明确指出，国防实力要同经济实力相匹配，经济社会发展到哪一步，国防实力就要跟进到哪一步。顺应强国对强军的时代呼唤，客观要求把国防和军队现代化在尽可能短的时间内搞上去，使军事能力同实现中华民族伟大复兴的战略需求相适应。

In today’s world, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and military revolution is developing rapidly. In particular, the driving role of the scientific and technological revolution on the military revolution is becoming increasingly prominent, subverting people’s understanding of warfare. Judging from several recent local wars and military operations around the globe, the characteristics of informatization and intelligentization are increasingly evident, and concepts, elements, and methods of winning wars are undergoing major changes. Major military powers are accelerating the construction of intelligent military systems, and competition for the strategic high ground of military competition is very intense. The Party Central Committee has scientifically judged and analyzed that the world has entered a new period of turbulence and transformation, that external suppression and containment may escalate at any time, that China’s development has entered a period with increasing strategic opportunities and risks and challenges, and with more uncertain and unpredictable factors, and that various “black swan” and “gray rhino” events [7]7 “Black swan” events are rare, unpredictable occurrences with severe consequences; “gray rhino” events are highly probable, obvious threats that are often neglected. may occur at any time. It clearly requires us to advance despite difficulties, meet challenges head-on, and open up new horizons for our cause through tenacious struggle. Facing the ever-changing international situation and the real danger of war, the modernization level of our military still has a certain gap compared with strong adversaries. Only by accelerating national defense and military modernization and comprehensively improving our military’s capability to fight high-end wars can we provide strong strategic support for overcoming various risks and challenges on the path forward, and can we shoulder more responsibilities and obligations for maintaining world peace and development and promoting the building of a community with a shared future for mankind.

当今世界，新一轮科技革命和军事革命迅猛发展，特别是科技革命对军事革命的驱动作用愈发凸显，正在颠覆人们对战争的认知。从全球近几场局部战争和军事行动看，信息化智能化特征日益显现，战争制胜观念、制胜要素、制胜方式都在发生重大变化。主要军事强国纷纷加快智能化军事体系建设，围绕军事竞争战略制高点的争夺十分激烈。党中央科学判断分析，世界进入新的动荡变革期，来自外部的打压遏制随时可能升级，我国发展进入战略机遇和风险挑战并存、不确定难预料因素增多的时期，各种“黑天鹅”“灰犀牛”事件随时可能发生，明确要求我们知难而进、迎难而上，依靠顽强斗争打开事业发展新天地。面对变动不居的国际形势，面对现实存在的战争危险，我军的现代化水平与强敌对手相比仍有一定差距。加快国防和军队现代化，全面提高我军打高端战争的能力，才能为战胜前进道路上各种风险挑战提供坚强战略支撑，才能为维护世界和平与发展、推动构建人类命运共同体担起更多责任和义务。

Accurately Grasp the Strategic Deployment for National Defense and Military Modernization

准确把握国防和军队现代化的战略部署

Chinese-path modernization has made a grand blueprint for how to build a modern socialist country. The fifth volume of *Xi Jinping: The Governance of China*, in documents including the report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC [8]8 The 20th National Congress of the CPC was held in October 2022, where Xi Jinping delivered, further makes clear deployments on how to accelerate the advancement of national defense and military modernization. Only by comprehensively and accurately comprehending and fully implementing these arrangements and deployments can the quality and substance of national defense and military modernization be ensured.

中国式现代化对怎样建设社会主义现代化强国作出了宏阔擘画。《习近平谈治国理政》第五卷在收录的党的二十大报告等文献中，进一步对如何加快推进国防和军队现代化作出明确部署。全面准确领会、不折不扣落实好这些安排部署，才能确保国防和军队现代化的成色和质量。

Achieve the Centenary Goal of Building the People’s Military on Schedule. On the new journey of comprehensively building a modern socialist country and realizing the second centenary goal [9]9 The “four major tests” (四大考验) refer to the tests of governance, reform and opening up, the market economy, and the external environment, which the CPC identifies as ongoing challenges to its leadership., our Party has proposed a new “three-step” strategy for national defense and military modernization: achieving the centenary goal of building the people’s military by 2027, basically realizing national defense and military modernization by 2035, and fully building a world-class military by the middle of this century. This lays out a development blueprint for the near, medium, and long-term goals of the cause of strengthening the military in the New Era, connected step by step. In the report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC, a special section was devoted to deploying “Achieving the centenary goal of building the people’s military and opening up new prospects for national defense and military modernization,” further highlighting the importance of taking the first step of the new “three-step” strategy well. It is necessary to stand at the overall height of Chinese-path modernization, deeply understand that achieving the centenary goal of building the people’s military reflects the requirements of our country’s development strategy, security strategy, and military strategy, and that the basic path is to promote the integrated development of mechanization, informatization, and intelligentization; the fundamental direction is to comprehensively improve the people’s military’s strategic capability to safeguard national sovereignty, security, and development interests; deeply understand that achieving the centenary goal of building the people’s military is a profound transformation, requiring a change in development concepts, innovation in development models, enhancement of development momentum, and active promotion of high-quality development; deeply understand that fighting the tough battle to achieve the centenary goal of building the people’s military is the responsibility of the entire military and also the entire Party and the whole country, bearing on the overall situation, must be accomplished on schedule, and allows no failure; deeply understand that the distance to achieving the set goal has reached the most critical moment, and it is imperative to enhance the sense of urgency, work hard and do solid work, strengthen the confidence in victory, overcome all difficulties to win, and submit a qualified answer sheet through concrete actions.

如期实现建军一百年奋斗目标。在全面建设社会主义现代化国家、实现第二个百年奋斗目标的新征程中，我们党提出到2027年实现建军一百年奋斗目标、到2035年基本实现国防和军队现代化、到本世纪中叶全面建成世界一流军队的国防和军队现代化新“三步走”战略，铺展了新时代强军事业近、中、远目标梯次衔接的发展蓝图。党的二十大报告中，专门对“实现建军一百年奋斗目标，开创国防和军队现代化新局面”作出部署，进一步凸显了走好新“三步走”第一步的重要性。必须站在中国式现代化的全局高度，深刻认清实现建军一百年奋斗目标体现了我国的发展战略、安全战略、军事战略要求，基本路径是推进机械化信息化智能化融合发展；根本指向是全面提高人民军队捍卫国家主权、安全、发展利益的战略能力；深刻认清实现建军一百年奋斗目标是一场深刻变革，必须转变发展理念、创新发展模式、增强发展动能，积极推动高质量发展；深刻认清打好实现建军一百年奋斗目标攻坚战是全军也是全党全国的责任，事关全局、务期必成、不容有失；深刻认清距离实现既定目标已经到了最吃劲时候，务必增强紧迫意识，埋头苦干实干，坚定必胜信心，排除万难去争取胜利，以实际行动交出合格答卷。

Accelerate the modernization of military theory, military organizational forms, military personnel, and weaponry and equipment. The year 2035 is an important node for building a great modern socialist country; by then, national defense and the military must be basically modernized. While completing the goals and tasks of the first step, it is necessary to systematically plan and steadily and swiftly take the second step of national defense and military modernization. Basically realizing the modernization of military theory means deeply studying issues of war and military affairs, innovating strategic guidance in step with the times, developing advanced operational theories, and forming a military theory system with contemporaneity, leading quality, and uniqueness. Basically realizing the modernization of military organizational forms means continuously deepening national defense and military reform, advancing the military management revolution, optimizing the structure and layout of military forces, strengthening strategic forces and new-domain and new-quality combat forces, and building a high-level strategic deterrence and joint operations system. Basically realizing the modernization of military personnel means implementing the strategy of strengthening the military through talent, cultivating and using talent in all dimensions, promoting the comprehensive transformation and upgrading of military personnel’s capabilities, quality, structural layout, development, and management, and forging a phalanx of high-quality, professional, new-type military personnel with both moral integrity and professional competence. Basically realizing the modernization of weaponry and equipment means concentrating on independent innovation and original innovation in defense science and technology, accelerating the development of strategic, frontier, and disruptive technologies, accelerating the upgrading and replacement of weaponry and equipment and the development of intelligent weaponry and equipment, and building a weaponry and equipment system that meets the requirements of modern warfare and mission fulfillment. These four aspects above are the main indicators for basically realizing national defense and military modernization.

加快军事理论、军队组织形态、军事人员、武器装备现代化。2035年是社会主义现代化强国建设的重要节点，到那时国防和军队要基本实现现代化。必须在完成第一步目标任务的同时，体系筹划、又快又稳走好国防和军队现代化的第二步。基本实现军事理论现代化，就是要深入研究战争和军事问题，与时俱进创新战略指导，发展先进作战理论，形成具有时代性、引领性、独特性的军事理论体系。基本实现军队组织形态现代化，就是要持续深化国防和军队改革，推进军事管理革命，优化军队力量结构布局，壮大战略力量和新域新质作战力量，打造高水平战略威慑和联合作战体系。基本实现军事人员现代化，就是要贯彻人才强军战略，全方位培养用好人才，推动军事人员能力素质、结构布局、开发管理全面转型升级，锻造德才兼备的高素质专业化新型军事人才方阵。基本实现武器装备现代化，就是要聚力国防科技自主创新、原始创新，加速战略性前沿性颠覆性技术发展，加速武器装备升级换代和智能化武器装备发展，建成适应现代战争和履行使命要求的武器装备体系。以上这四个方面是基本实现国防和军队现代化的主要标志。

Accelerate the building of the people’s military into a world-class military. According to the “timeline” for comprehensively advancing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization, by the middle of this century, the comprehensive realization of national defense and military modernization means fully building the people’s military into a world-class military commensurate with our country’s status as a great power, capable of comprehensively and effectively safeguarding national security, and possessing strong international influence. This strategic arrangement embodies the expectations and heavy trust of the Party and the people in the military, highlights the Party’s determination and boldness in building a strong military, reveals the inherent stipulation of the Party’s mission and tasks on the military’s development goals, and is rich in connotation and far-reaching in significance. Being commensurate with our country’s status as a great power points to the interrelationship between a strong country and a strong military; only by possessing a world-class military can one be called a true world power, meaning that when our country is built into a world power, our military will inevitably become a solid support for consolidating the status of a great power. Being capable of comprehensively and effectively safeguarding national security requires that our military’s joint operations capability based on network information systems and its all-domain operations capability be greatly enhanced, enabling it to comprehensively use diversified military means to deter war and win wars, effectively safeguarding national sovereignty, security, and development interests. Possessing strong international influence emphasizes that our military stands shoulder to shoulder with the world’s strongest militaries, can seize the initiative in international competition and military competition, leads the trends of world military development, and is always a powerful and just force for maintaining world peace and development.

加快把人民军队建成世界一流军队。按照以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴的“时间表”，到本世纪中叶全面实现国防和军队现代化，就是要把人民军队全面建成同我国强国地位相称、能够全面有效维护国家安全、具备强大国际影响力的世界一流军队。这一战略安排，凝结着党和人民对军队的期望重托，彰显了党建设强大军队的决心气魄，揭示了党的使命任务对军队发展目标的内在规定性，内涵丰富、意义深远。同我国强国地位相称，指明了强国与强军的相互关系，只有拥有世界一流的军队，才称得上是真正的世界强国，意味着当我国建成世界强国之时，我军必将成为巩固强国地位的坚实依托。能够全面有效维护国家安全，要求我军基于网络信息体系的联合作战能力、全域作战能力都要有一个大的提升，能够综合运用多样化的军事手段慑止战争、打赢战争，有效维护国家主权、安全、发展利益。具备强大国际影响力，强调的是我军与世界强国军队比肩，能够掌握国际竞争和军事竞争主动权，引领世界军事发展潮流，始终是维护世界和平发展的强大正义力量。

Strive to open up a new situation in national defense and military modernization

奋力开创国防和军队现代化新局面

Our Party’s deployment and arrangements regarding national defense and military modernization have drawn up a blueprint for strengthening the military over the next 20 to 30 years. This is the most ambitious and far-reaching strategic design in the history of our military, establishing an action guide for the people’s military to face the future and open up new paths for strength. To deeply study and implement the fifth volume of *Xi Jinping: The Governance of China*, it is necessary to thoroughly implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the CPC and the plenary sessions of the 20th Central Committee, persist in placing the high-quality advancement of national defense and military modernization in a more important position, and, in accordance with the established goals and tasks, strive to strengthen the military with a mental state of seizing the day and losing no time, running at an accelerated pace and opening up a new situation.

我们党关于国防和军队现代化的部署安排，绘就今后20到30年的强军蓝图，是我军历史上宏大深远的战略设计，立起了人民军队面向未来、开新图强的行动纲领。深入学习贯彻《习近平谈治国理政》第五卷，必须贯彻落实党的二十大和二十届历次全会精神，坚持把高质量推进国防和军队现代化摆在更加重要位置，按照既定的目标任务，以只争朝夕、时不我待的精神状态奋斗强军，跑出加速度、打开新局面。

Continuously strengthen our military’s political advantages. To accelerate national defense and military modernization, the primary task is to uphold the Party’s absolute leadership over the people’s military. Currently, the world situation, national conditions, Party conditions, and military conditions are all undergoing complex and profound changes. The “four major tests” [9]9 The “four major tests” (四大考验) refer to the tests of governance, reform and opening up, the market economy, and the external environment, which the CPC identifies as ongoing challenges to its leadership. and “four dangers” [10]10 The “four dangers” (四种危险) refer to the dangers of mental laxity, incompetence, disconnection from the people, and corruption, which the CPC sees as persistent risks to its rule. facing our Party exist over the long term, and the political tests our military faces are intricate and complex. It is necessary to maintain the sobriety and firmness to solve the unique problems of a large Party, advance political military building without a moment’s pause, and provide a strong political guarantee for the cause of strengthening the military. On the new journey, Party building in the military can only be strengthened, not weakened. It is necessary to deeply advance the great new project of Party building in the New Era, truly transforming the Party’s political and organizational advantages into advantages in gaining the upper hand. Further improve the systems and mechanisms for implementing the system of the Chairman of the Central Military Commission’s responsibility, and strive, through a series of institutional designs, to ensure with complete systems and mechanisms that the Party commands the guns is implemented in detail. Further deepen the armed guidance of the Party’s innovative theories, thoroughly study and comprehend Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Military, transform scientific truth into mass practice, and turn spiritual strength into material strength. Further promote political rectification to go deeper and be implemented more concretely, eradicate the soil and conditions that breed corruption, and make the military’s atmosphere, work style, and conduct pure and upright. All officers and soldiers of the military must deeply comprehend the decisive significance of the “Two Establishments” [11]11 The “Two Establishments” (两个确立) refer to establishing Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole, and establishing the guiding role of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era., enhance the “Four Consciousnesses” [12]12 The “Four Consciousnesses” (四个意识) refer to the consciousness of the need to maintain political integrity, think in big-picture terms, follow the leadership core, and keep in alignment with the central Party leadership., strengthen the “Four Confidences” [13]13 The “Four Confidences” (四个自信) refer to confidence in the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics., achieve the “Two Upholds” [14]14 The “Two Upholds” (两个维护) refer to upholding General Secretary Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole, and upholding the authority and centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee., implement the system of the Chairman of the Central Military Commission’s responsibility, and ensure that all actions resolutely obey the command of the Party Central Committee, the Central Military Commission, and Chairman Xi.

不断增强我军的政治优势。加快国防和军队现代化，首要的是坚持党对人民军队的绝对领导。当前，世情、国情、党情、军情都在发生复杂深刻变化，我们党面临的“四大考验”“四种危险”长期存在，我军在政治上面临的考验错综复杂。必须保持解决大党独有难题的清醒和坚定，一刻不停推进政治建军，为强军事业提供坚强政治保证。新征程上，军队党的建设只能加强不能削弱，要深入推进新时代党的建设新的伟大工程，真正把党的政治优势和组织优势转化为制胜优势。进一步健全贯彻军委主席负责制体制机制，着力通过一系列制度设计，以完善的体制机制确保党指挥枪落细落实。进一步深化党的创新理论武装，学深悟透习近平强军思想，把科学真理转化为群众实践，把精神力量转变为物质力量。进一步推动政治整训往深里走、往实里落，铲除腐败滋生的土壤和条件，使军队风气作风纯正清爽。全军官兵务必深刻领悟“两个确立”的决定性意义，增强“四个意识”、坚定“四个自信”、做到“两个维护”，贯彻军委主席负责制，确保一切行动坚决听从党中央、中央军委和习主席指挥。

Promote high-quality development of our military through high-level military governance. Military governance is an important part of our Party’s national governance and is the logical extension and practical embodiment of national governance in the military field. The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC first proposed the brand-new proposition and scientific thesis of “military governance,” and the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee further made the important deployment of “advancing the modernization of military governance,” which has important theoretical innovation significance and practical guidance significance. In recent years, the level of national defense and military modernization has significantly improved, but from the perspective of achieving high-quality development, some stubborn and persistent diseases still exist in certain areas, urgently requiring an improvement in the level of scientific governance. It is necessary to strengthen systems thinking, adhere to a problem-oriented approach, focus on the top-level design and strategic planning of military governance, do a good job in governance across all fields, the entire chain, and all levels, and advance it in a planned and prioritized manner. Strengthen overall coordination, enhance cross-departmental and cross-domain coordination, and improve the systematic, holistic, and synergistic nature of military governance. Tighten military expenditure management and supervision, deepen governance in key areas, and drive overall progress through breakthroughs in key points. Advance innovation in strategic management, improve and perfect mechanisms for the scientific generation, rapid response, and effective implementation of requirements, develop a path for whole-process specialized evaluation, ensure smooth and efficient links, and leverage the overall effectiveness of the military system’s operation. Persist in organically combining military governance with reform and the rule of law, consolidate and expand the achievements of national defense and military reform, deepen military legislative work, strengthen the implementation of laws and regulations and supervision of their enforcement, and leverage the driving role of reform.

以高水平军事治理推动我军高质量发展。军事治理是我们党进行国家治理的重要内容，是国家治理在军事领域的逻辑延伸和实践体现。党的二十大报告首次提出了“军事治理”的崭新命题和科学论断，党的二十届四中全会进一步作出“推进军事治理现代化”的重要部署，具有重要理论创新意义和实践指导意义。这些年，国防和军队现代化水平显著提升，但从实现高质量发展的要求看，有的领域依然存在一些顽瘴痼疾，亟须提高科学治理水平。要强化系统观念，坚持问题导向，注重军事治理顶层设计和战略谋划，搞好各领域治理、全链路治理、各层级治理，有计划、有重点加以推进。强化全局统筹，加强跨部门跨领域协调，提升军事治理的系统性、整体性、协同性。抓实军费管理和监督，深化重点领域治理，以重点突破带动整体推进。推进战略管理创新，健全完善需求科学生成、快速响应、有效落实机制，走开全过程专业化评估路子，确保链路顺畅高效，发挥军事系统运行整体效能。坚持把军事治理同改革和法治有机结合起来，巩固拓展国防和军队改革成果，深化军事立法工作，强化法规制度实施和执行监督，发挥好改革的推动作用。

Comprehensively enhance strategic capabilities in emerging domains. Strategic capabilities in emerging domains are an important component of the national strategic system and capabilities, and are of far-reaching significance for comprehensively advancing the construction of a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation through Chinese-path modernization. Entering the New Era, our Party has coordinated the advancement of strategic emerging industries and new-type combat forces, achieving a series of major results and providing rare opportunities for building strategic capabilities in emerging domains. On the new journey, it is necessary to further strengthen the sense of mission and responsibility, grasp the characteristics and laws, and promote the efficient integration and two-way pull of new quality productive forces and new quality combat capabilities. Firmly grasp the key points of development, coordinate military struggle preparations at sea, the safeguarding of maritime rights and interests, and the development of the marine economy, and enhance the capability to manage the seas; optimize the aerospace layout and advance the construction of our country’s aerospace system; build a cyberspace defense system and improve the capability to safeguard national cybersecurity; strengthen the overall implementation of major intelligent technology projects and increase the application of advanced achievements. To accelerate the construction of advanced combat capabilities, it is necessary to fully accelerate the engine of scientific and technological innovation, create growth poles for new quality productive forces and new quality combat capabilities, and form an innovation situation with breakthroughs at multiple points and a group emergence. Persist in taking the deepening of reform in emerging domains as a key point, and make great efforts to build an innovation ecosystem that is self-reliant, open and integrated, and full of vitality. More consciously transform ideas and concepts, boldly innovate and explore models for building and employing new-type combat forces, and fully liberate and develop new quality combat capabilities.

全面提升新兴领域战略能力。新兴领域战略能力是国家战略体系和能力重要组成部分，对以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业意义深远。进入新时代，我们党统筹推进战略性新兴产业和新型作战力量发展，取得一系列重大成果，为新兴领域战略能力建设提供了难得机遇。新征程上，应进一步强化使命担当，把握特点规律，推进新质生产力同新质战斗力高效融合、双向拉动。紧紧扭住发展重点，统筹海上军事斗争准备、海洋权益维护和海洋经济发展，提升经略海洋能力；优化航天布局，推进我国航天体系建设；构建网络空间防御体系，提高维护国家网络安全能力；加强智能科技重大项目统筹实施，加大先进成果应用力度。围绕加快先进战斗力建设，要切实把科技创新引擎全速发动起来，打造新质生产力和新质战斗力增长极，形成多点突破、群体迸发的创新局面。坚持把深化新兴领域改革作为重点，下气力构建自主自强、开放融合、充满活力的创新生态。更加自觉转变思想观念，大胆创新探索新型作战力量建设和运用模式，充分解放和发展新质战斗力。

Our military is an armed group that carries out the Party’s political tasks. Chairman Xi has repeatedly emphasized that “the People’s Liberation Army of China is always a heroic force that the Party and the people can fully rely on.” This important assertion embodies the expectations and heavy trust of the Party and the people; it is both a high praise for the historical achievements of the people’s army and a political requirement for our military to better fulfill its duties and not betray its mission. On the new journey [of the New Era], all officers and soldiers of the military must strengthen their political consciousness that the mission is as weighty as a mountain and their conviction is as firm as a rock, adhere to the principles of obeying the Party’s command, being able to win battles, and maintaining excellent conduct, and win greater glory through greater achievements. Where the Party flag points, the military flag follows. In light of new historical conditions, we must continuously forge the military’s soul, consolidate political loyalty, unswervingly listen to the Party’s words and follow the Party’s steps, always preserve the people’s army’s nature, purpose, and character, and always fight and act under the Party’s banner. We must comprehensively forge the hard-core capability to move toward strength and compel strength, temper the spiritual confidence to overwhelm all enemies without being overwhelmed by any enemy, maintain a high state of combat readiness for all-time readiness and immediate action, and ensure that when the Party and the people need it, the military can be deployed, go into action, and win. We must resolutely ensure that words are matched by deeds, have the confidence and ability to safeguard national sovereignty, unity, and territorial integrity, have the confidence and ability to provide strategic support for realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and have the confidence and ability to make greater contributions to world peace and development.

我军是执行党的政治任务的武装集团。习主席多次强调“中国人民解放军始终是党和人民完全可以信赖的英雄部队”，这一重要论断凝结着党和人民的期望重托，既是对人民军队历史功勋的高度褒扬，也是对我军更好担当作为、不辱使命的政治要求。新征程上，全军官兵要强化使命如山、信念如磐的政治自觉，坚持听党指挥、能打胜仗、作风优良，以更大作为赢得更大荣光。党旗所指，军旗所向。要结合新的历史条件，不断铸牢军魂，强固政治忠诚，坚定不移听党话、跟党走，始终保持人民军队性质宗旨本色，始终在党的旗帜下战斗和行动。全面锻造向强制强的硬核能力，砥砺压倒一切敌人而不被敌人所压倒的精神底气，保持全时待战、随时能战的高度戒备状态，确保在党和人民需要的时候拉得出、上得去、打得赢。坚决做到言出必践，有信心、有能力维护国家主权、统一和领土完整，有信心、有能力为实现中华民族伟大复兴提供战略支撑，有信心、有能力为世界和平与发展作出更大贡献。

Online editor: Huihui

网络编辑：慧慧