The Triple Inner Determinations of Chinese-Path Modernization

General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out that “Chinese-path modernization is the socialist modernization led by the Communist Party of China.” The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC clearly summarized the five aspects of Chinese characteristics of Chinese-path modernization: it is the modernization of a huge population, the modernization of common prosperity for all the people, the modernization of the coordination of material civilization and cultural-ethical progress, the modernization of harmony between humanity and nature, and the modernization of taking the path of peaceful development, emphasizing the scientific connotation of Chinese-path modernization. Marxist philosophy holds that every thing has its inner determination of quality, and the inner determination of quality is the fundamental attribute inherent in the thing itself that distinguishes it from another thing. General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important discourses on Chinese-path modernization profoundly reveal the essential difference between Chinese-path modernization and Western modernization. We should systematically and deeply explain the principles, theories, and philosophies contained therein, and accurately grasp the essential characteristics and distinctive features of Chinese-path modernization.

习近平总书记指出，“中国式现代化是中国共产党领导的社会主义现代化”。党的二十大报告明确概括了中国式现代化是人口规模巨大的现代化，是全体人民共同富裕的现代化，是物质文明和精神文明相协调的现代化，是人与自然和谐共生的现代化，是走和平发展道路的现代化这5个方面的中国特色，强调了中国式现代化的科学内涵。马克思主义哲学认为，任何事物都有其质的内在规定性，质的内在规定性是事物本身所固有的区别于另一个事物的根本属性。习近平总书记关于中国式现代化的重要论述，深刻揭示了中国式现代化与西方现代化的本质区别，我们应当系统深入阐释好其中所蕴含的道理学理哲理，准确把握中国式现代化的本质特征与鲜明特色。

The Value Determination of Chinese-Path Modernization

中国式现代化的价值规定性

From “the essence of modernization is the modernization of people” to “the ultimate goal of modernization is to realize the free and comprehensive development of people,” this centrally embodies our Party’s profound grasp of the goal of Chinese-path modernization construction. Taking the realization of the free and comprehensive development of people as the ultimate goal of modernization essentially defines the inner determination of Chinese-path modernization from the dimension of values. The huge population, common prosperity for all the people, coordination of material civilization and cultural-ethical progress, harmony between humanity and nature, and taking the path of peaceful development—these aspects not only clearly embody, in theory, the value pursuit of Chinese-path modernization for realizing the modernization of people and the free and comprehensive development of people, but also clarify the specific paths and practical requirements for realizing the modernization of people and the free and comprehensive development of people.

从“现代化的本质是人的现代化”到“现代化的最终目标是实现人自由而全面的发展”，集中体现了我们党对中国式现代化建设目标的深刻把握。将实现人自由而全面的发展作为现代化的最终目标，实质上从价值观维度定义了中国式现代化的内在规定性。人口规模巨大、全体人民共同富裕、物质文明和精神文明相协调、人与自然和谐共生、走和平发展道路，这些方面不仅从理论上鲜明体现了中国式现代化对实现人的现代化、人自由而全面发展的价值追求，而且明确了实现人的现代化、人自由而全面发展的具体路径和现实要求。

Taking the free and comprehensive development of people as the value determination of Chinese-path modernization stems from a comprehensive and accurate grasp of the theoretical essence and value purport of Marxism. General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out that “Marxism adheres to the stance of realizing people’s liberation and safeguarding people’s interests, takes the free and comprehensive development of people and the liberation of all humanity as its mission, and reflects humanity’s beautiful vision of an ideal society.” Marxism is the theory of the people, an ideological system dedicated to enabling the people to realize their own liberation. Marxism is broad and profound, but in the final analysis it comes down to one sentence: seeking liberation for humanity. Seeking the liberation of the people, realizing the free and comprehensive development of people, and constructing the “association of free individuals,” that is, communist society—these are the basic logic of scientific socialism founded by Marx and Engels, the basic viewpoints of the Marxist view of history and values, and naturally they also set the value goal orientation for Chinese-path modernization—the inevitable stage and the only way to communist society.

把人的自由全面发展作为中国式现代化的价值规定性，源于对马克思主义理论实质和价值旨归的全面而准确的把握。习近平总书记指出，“马克思主义坚持实现人民解放、维护人民利益的立场，以实现人的自由而全面的发展和全人类解放为己任，反映了人类对理想社会的美好憧憬”。马克思主义是人民的理论，是致力于人民实现自身解放的思想体系。马克思主义博大精深，归根到底就是一句话，为人类求解放。谋求人民解放、实现人的自由全面发展，构建“自由人的联合体”即共产主义社会，这是马克思恩格斯创立的科学社会主义的基本逻辑，是马克思主义历史观和价值观的基本观点，自然也为中国式现代化——通向共产主义社会的必然阶段和必由之路的价值目标定向。

The value determination of Chinese-path modernization is not only reflected in the understanding of the essential characteristics of Marxism, but also, more importantly, in the guiding ideology and original aspiration and founding mission of the Communist Party of China, the leading subject of Chinese-path modernization. The Communist Party of China takes Marxism as its fundamental guiding ideology. This guiding ideology determines the nature, purpose, original aspiration and founding mission of a proletarian party. Marx and Engels pointed out in the *Communist Manifesto*: “All previous historical movements were movements of minorities, or in the interest of minorities. The proletarian movement is the independent movement of the immense majority, in the interest of the immense majority.” The Communist Party of China is the vanguard of the Chinese working class, simultaneously the vanguard of the Chinese people and the Chinese nation, the leading core of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics, representing the development demands of China’s advanced productive forces, representing the forward direction of China’s advanced culture, and representing the fundamental interests of the broadest majority of the Chinese people. This is the stipulation of the nature of the Communist Party of China, an important sign distinguishing a Marxist party from other class parties. The original aspiration and founding mission of the Chinese Communists is to seek happiness for the Chinese people and rejuvenation for the Chinese nation. The Party’s comprehensive and strong leadership carries the ideals and beliefs of the Chinese Communists, that is, their values. Therefore, the Party’s leadership directly concerns the fundamental direction, future, and destiny of Chinese-path modernization. Only by unwaveringly upholding the Party’s leadership can Chinese-path modernization have a bright future, prosperity, and flourishing.

中国式现代化的价值规定性不仅体现在对马克思主义的本质特征的认识上，更体现在作为中国式现代化的领导主体——中国共产党的指导思想和初心使命上。中国共产党是以马克思主义为根本指导思想的。这一指导思想决定了无产阶级政党的性质宗旨、初心使命。马克思、恩格斯在《共产党宣言》中指出：“过去的一切运动都是少数人的或者为少数人谋利益的运动。无产阶级的运动是绝大多数人的、为绝大多数人谋利益的独立的运动。”中国共产党是中国工人阶级的先锋队，同时是中国人民和中华民族的先锋队，是中国特色社会主义事业的领导核心，代表中国先进生产力的发展要求，代表中国先进文化的前进方向，代表中国最广大人民的根本利益。这是对中国共产党性质的规定，是马克思主义政党区别于其他阶级政党的重要标志。中国共产党人的初心和使命，就是为中国人民谋幸福，为中华民族谋复兴。党的全面而坚强的领导承载着中国共产党人的理想信仰，也就是价值观。因此，党的领导直接关系中国式现代化的根本方向、前途命运。只有毫不动摇坚持党的领导，中国式现代化才能前景光明、繁荣兴盛。

The people are the creators of history, the most solid foundation and the deepest strength for advancing modernization. Adhering to the guidance of Marxism, the core issue is to solve the problem of for whom. The problem of for whom is a fundamental and principled issue. “The ultimate goal of modernization is to realize the free and comprehensive development of people. Whether the path of modernization can ultimately be smooth and stable depends on whether it adheres to a people-centered approach. Modernization should not only look at indicators and data on paper, but more importantly, at the well-being and happiness of the people. Political parties should anchor themselves to the people’s aspiration for a better life, conform to the people’s desire for civilized progress, strive to achieve material abundance, political clarity, spiritual enrichment, social stability, and ecological livability, let modernization better respond to the people’s various demands and multi-level needs, both enhance the well-being of the current generation and safeguard the rights and interests of future generations, and promote the sustainable development of human society.” This important discourse of General Secretary Xi Jinping shows that our Party grasps the people-centered development direction and its effects of modernization from the height of the unity of the view of history and the view of values.

人民是历史的创造者，是推进现代化最坚实的根基和最深厚的力量。坚持以马克思主义为指导，核心要解决好为什么人的问题。为什么人的问题是根本性、原则性问题。“现代化的最终目标是实现人自由而全面的发展。现代化道路最终能否走得通、行得稳，关键要看是否坚持以人民为中心。现代化不仅要看纸面上的指标数据，更要看人民的幸福安康。政党要锚定人民对美好生活的向往，顺应人民对文明进步的渴望，努力实现物质富裕、政治清明、精神富足、社会安定、生态宜人，让现代化更好回应人民各方面诉求和多层次需要，既增进当代人福祉，又保障子孙后代权益，促进人类社会可持续发展。”习近平总书记的这一重要论述表明，我们党是从历史观和价值观相统一的高度来把握现代化的以人民为中心的发展方向及其效果。

Realizing the free and comprehensive development of people is an important marker of Chinese-path modernization surpassing Western modernization in terms of values. The Communist Party of China always adheres to a people-centered approach, insists on unifying lofty ideals with phased goals, and advances relay race generation after generation. The Chinese nation has achieved a historic leap from standing up and growing rich to becoming strong, and the people’s lives have achieved a historic leap from having enough to eat and wear to being moderately prosperous overall, and then to being moderately prosperous in all respects. Chinese-path modernization adheres to putting the people first, follows the “human-centered logic,” takes “the modernization of common prosperity for all the people” as its essential characteristic, and sublates and surpasses the “capital logic” of Western modernization. General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out: “The biggest drawback of Western modernization is that it is capital-centered rather than people-centered, pursuing the maximization of capital interests rather than serving the interests of the vast majority, leading to a large wealth gap and serious polarization.” In contrast, Chinese-path modernization insists on development for the people, development relying on the people, and development achievements shared by the people; insists on ensuring and improving people’s livelihood through development; insists on “not leaving a single person behind” in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects; and insists on “not letting a single person fall behind” on the road to common prosperity.

实现人自由而全面的发展是中国式现代化在价值观上超越西方现代化的一个重要标识。中国共产党始终坚持以人民为中心，坚持把远大理想和阶段性目标统一起来，一代一代地接力推进，中华民族实现了从站起来、富起来到强起来的历史性飞跃，人民生活实现了从温饱不足到总体小康、再到全面小康的历史性跨越。中国式现代化坚持人民至上，遵循“人本逻辑”，将“全体人民共同富裕的现代化”作为本质特征，扬弃、超越了西方现代化的“资本逻辑”。习近平总书记指出：“西方现代化的最大弊端，就是以资本为中心而不是以人民为中心，追求资本利益最大化而不是服务绝大多数人的利益，导致贫富差距大、两极分化严重。”而中国式现代化坚持发展为了人民、发展依靠人民、发展成果由人民共享，坚持在发展中保障和改善民生，坚持在全面建成小康社会上“一个都不能少”，坚持在共同富裕路上“一个都不能掉队”。

The Historical Determination of Chinese-Path Modernization

中国式现代化的历史规定性

Which path of modernization a country chooses is determined by many factors, such as its historical traditions, social system, development conditions, and external environment. General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out: “Realizing modernization is the dream that the Chinese people have striven for since modern times. The history of the Communist Party of China uniting and leading the Chinese people in pursuing national rejuvenation over the past 100-plus years is also a history of continuously exploring the path of modernization. Through the unremitting efforts of several generations, we have blazed the path of Chinese-path modernization.” Socialism with Chinese characteristics has been achieved through the great practice of reform and opening up over more than forty years, through the continuous exploration over more than seventy years since the founding of New China, through the practice of our Party leading the people in the great social revolution over more than one hundred years, through the historical process of the Chinese nation from decline to prosperity over more than one hundred and eighty years since modern times, through the magnificent development process of world socialism over more than five hundred years, and through the inheritance and development of Chinese civilization over more than five thousand years. This historical process fully reflects the historical determination of Chinese-path modernization, that is, Chinese-path modernization is a choice of history; it is the inevitable result of the development history of socialism with Chinese characteristics, the history of New China, the history of the Communist Party of China, modern Chinese history, the history of world socialism, and the history of Chinese civilization.

一个国家选择什么样的现代化道路，是由其历史传统、社会制度、发展条件、外部环境等诸多因素决定的。习近平总书记指出：“实现现代化是近代以来中国人民矢志奋斗的梦想。中国共产党100多年团结带领中国人民追求民族复兴的历史，也是一部不断探索现代化道路的历史。经过数代人不懈努力，我们走出了中国式现代化道路。”中国特色社会主义是在改革开放四十多年的伟大实践中得来的，是在新中国成立七十多年的持续探索中得来的，是在我们党领导人民进行伟大社会革命一百多年的实践中得来的，是在近代以来中华民族由衰到盛一百八十多年的历史进程中得来的，是在世界社会主义五百多年波澜壮阔的发展历程中得来的，是在对中华文明五千多年的传承发展中得来的。这一历史进程充分反映了中国式现代化的历史规定性，即中国式现代化是历史的选择，它是中国特色社会主义发展史、新中国发展史、中国共产党发展史、中国近代史、世界社会主义发展史、中华文明发展史发展的必然结果。

Chinese-path modernization did not emerge from nowhere; it is a path of modernization formed under specific historical conditions with distinct Chinese characteristics. Over the more than 5,000 years of the development of Chinese civilization, the Chinese nation long held a leading position in the world. From the late Ming dynasty onward, under the impact of the modernization wave driven by the Western Industrial Revolution and scientific and technological revolution, combined with the corruption and incompetence of the ruling class and the

中国式现代化不是凭空产生的，而是在特定历史条件下形成的具有鲜明中国特色的现代化道路。中华文明5000多年的发展史上，中华民族长期处于世界领先地位，明朝后期以来，在西方工业革命、科技革命推动的现代化浪潮冲击下，加上统治者腐朽无能和国内矛盾丛生，中国逐步沦为半殖民地半封建社会，在这样的社会背景下，要实现现代化是不可能的。面对“三千年未有之大变局”，太平天国运动、洋务运动、戊戌变法、义和团运动等救亡图存的尝试接连失败，辛亥革命虽然推翻了统治中国几千年的君主专制制度，但也未能改变中国半殖民地半封建的社会性质和中国人民的悲惨命运。历史证明，旧式农民革命、改良主义、资产阶级共和国的方案都无法挽救民族危亡，探索中国现代化道路的重任，历史地落在了中国共产党身上。中国共产党的成立，标志着中国的现代化事业有了坚强领导核心。中国共产党以马克思主义为指导，坚持把马克思主义基本原理同中国革命实际相结合，创立了毛泽东思想，领导人民推翻了帝国主义、封建主义、官僚资本主义三座大山，建立了人民当家作主的中华人民共和国，实现了民族独立、人民解放，取得了新民主主义革命的胜利，为实现现代化创造了根本社会条件。毛泽东同志指出，“没有一个独立、自由、民主和统一的中国，不可能发展工业”。这一历史进程充分证明，中国共产党的领导是历史和人民的选择。

After the founding of New China, the Communist Party of China united and led the people in carrying out the socialist revolution, establishing the basic socialist system, and making arduous explorations into socialist modernization. At the time of the founding of New China, the country faced the national condition of "poverty and blankness" [4]4 The term “cultural-ethical progress” (精神文明) refers to the development of socialist spiritual civilization, encompassing ideological and moral construction as well as scientific, educational, and cultural advancement, as opposed to material civilization.; to achieve national industrialization in a short period, it had to rely on the superiority of the socialist system in concentrating resources to accomplish major tasks. Comrade Mao Zedong, in "On the Ten Major Relationships," emphasized that modernization must be based on China's actual conditions. Our Party set the goal of striving to build China into a powerful socialist country with modern agriculture, modern industry, modern national defense, and modern science and technology. China launched its modernization process on a weak economic foundation, concentrating resources through the planned economy to initially construct an independent industrial system and build a number of heavy industrial bases and infrastructure projects. In the agricultural sector, large-scale water conservancy projects were undertaken, improved seeds and chemical fertilizers were promoted, and grain output increased significantly. In science and technology, breakthroughs such as the "two bombs and one satellite" [5] were achieved, laying the foundation for national defense and science and technology. Although the exploration process experienced serious setbacks, the independent industrial system and scientific-technological foundation established during this period provided valuable experience, theoretical preparation, and material foundation for creating socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new historical period.

新中国成立后，中国共产党团结带领人民进行社会主义革命，确立社会主义基本制度，对社会主义现代化进行艰辛探索。新中国成立时面对的是“一穷二白”的国情，要在短期内实现国家工业化，必须依靠社会主义制度集中力量办大事的优势。毛泽东同志在《论十大关系》中强调现代化建设必须立足中国实际。我们党提出努力把我国建设成为一个具有现代农业、现代工业、现代国防和现代科学技术的社会主义强国目标。中国在薄弱的经济基础上开启了现代化进程，通过计划经济集中资源，初步构建了独立的工业体系，建成了一批重工业基地和基础设施。农业领域大兴水利工程，推广良种与化肥，粮食产量显著提升。科技方面取得“两弹一星”等突破，奠定了国防与科技基础。在探索过程中，虽然经历了严重曲折，但是这一时期建立的独立工业体系和科学技术基础，为在新的历史时期开创中国特色社会主义提供了宝贵经验、理论准备、物质基础。

In the new period of reform and opening up and socialist modernization, our Party made the historic decision to shift the focus of the work of the Party and the state to economic construction and to implement reform and opening up, ushering China's exploration of the modernization path into a new journey. Since reform and opening up, the Communist Party of China has united and led the Chinese people in emancipating the mind and forging ahead with determination, blazing the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics and achieving great accomplishments in reform and opening up and socialist modernization. In just over 70 years, and especially in the more than 40 years since reform and opening up, China has achieved the industrialization that took Western capitalist countries a century to accomplish. Its economic and social development has been brilliant, the people's living standards have risen markedly, and the country's comprehensive national strength has greatly increased, providing Chinese-path modernization with an institutional guarantee full of new vitality and the material conditions for rapid development. Facing the epochal question of what kind of modernization to achieve and how to achieve it, our Party has always maintained a clear-headed understanding, neither mechanically copying Western modernization step by step nor simply replicating it, but rather emphasizing proceeding from China's specific realities and taking its own path of modernization.

改革开放和社会主义现代化建设新时期，我们党作出把党和国家工作中心转移到经济建设上来、实行改革开放的历史性决策，中国的现代化道路探索步入新征程。改革开放以来，中国共产党团结带领中国人民，解放思想、锐意进取，开创了中国特色社会主义道路，取得了改革开放和社会主义现代化建设的伟大成就。中国在短短70多年特别是改革开放40多年里实现了西方资本主义国家需要上百年才能取得的工业化成就，经济社会发展成就辉煌，人民生活水平显著提高，国家综合实力大幅提升，为中国式现代化提供了充满新的活力的体制保证和快速发展的物质条件。面对实现什么样的现代化、如何实现现代化的时代命题，我们党始终保持清醒头脑，不是亦步亦趋地简单复制西方现代化，而是强调从中国具体实际出发，走自己的现代化道路。

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has adhered to a problem-oriented approach,

党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚持问题导向，毫不松懈推进全面从严治党、全面深化改革，不断解放和发展生产力，将中国式现代化向纵深推进，从理论和实践上不断创新突破。习近平总书记指出：“在新中国成立特别是改革开放以来长期探索和实践基础上，经过十八大以来在理论和实践上的创新突破，我们党成功推进和拓展了中国式现代化。”党的二十大进一步深化对中国式现代化的内涵和本质的认识，概括提出中国式现代化的中国特色、本质要求和重大原则等，初步构建了中国式现代化的理论体系，使中国式现代化更加清晰、更加科学、更加可感可行。在实践层面，将改革开放向纵深推进，中国经济总量连年攀升，实现历史性跃升；历史性解决绝对贫困问题；科技创新能力从量的积累迈向质的飞跃，基础研究和高新科技创新不断加强；生态安全屏障继续巩固，美丽中国建设成效显著；重大交通枢纽工程、水利工程、信息基础设施、国家安全储备等方面，取得诸多世界领先成果，基础设施水平实现跨越式发展。新时代以来党和国家事业取得历史性成就、发生历史性变革，为中国式现代化提供了更为完善的制度保证、更为坚实的物质基础、更为主动的精神力量。

History and practice have fully proven that the Chinese-path modernization is the inevitable choice for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and that the leadership of the Communist Party of China is the fundamental guarantee for advancing Chinese-path modernization. Chinese-path modernization both follows the general laws of modernization development and is rooted in China’s unique cultural traditions and actual national conditions, embodying a historic transcendence of the Western modernization model. The Communist Party of China has united and led the people to successfully blaze a path of modernization characterized by a huge population, common prosperity, coordination between material and cultural-ethical progress, harmony between humanity and nature, and peaceful development, providing a new option for humanity to achieve modernization. This historical process profoundly demonstrates that only by upholding the Party’s overall leadership can we ensure that Chinese-path modernization always advances in the correct direction; only by adhering to the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics can we realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. We must strengthen our historical confidence and cultural confidence.

历史和实践充分证明，中国式现代化道路是中华民族实现伟大复兴的必然选择，中国共产党的领导是推进中国式现代化的根本保证。中国式现代化既遵循现代化发展的一般规律，又立足于中国独特的文化传统和现实国情，体现了对西方现代化模式的历史性超越。中国共产党团结带领人民，成功开创了一条人口规模巨大、共同富裕、物质文明和精神文明相协调、人与自然和谐共生、和平发展的现代化道路，为人类实现现代化提供了新的选择。这一历史进程深刻表明，只有坚持党的全面领导，才能确保中国式现代化始终沿着正确方向前进；只有坚持中国特色社会主义道路，才能实现中华民族的伟大复兴。我们必须坚定历史自信和文化自信。

The Cultural Determination of Chinese-Path Modernization

中国式现代化的文化规定性

“Chinese-path modernization is deeply rooted in fine traditional Chinese culture, embodies the advanced essence of scientific socialism, draws on and absorbs all outstanding achievements of human civilization, represents the direction of progress in human civilization, and presents a new picture different from the Western modernization model; it is a completely new form of human civilization. Chinese-path modernization provides the world with a completely new model of modernization, constitutes a major transcendence of the theory and practice of Western-style modernization, and offers a completely new option for developing countries.” “Only by standing on the magnificent five-thousand-year history of Chinese civilization can we truly understand the historical inevitability, cultural connotation, and unique advantages of the Chinese path.” A series of important discourses by General Secretary Xi Jinping profoundly elucidate the cultural determination of Chinese-path modernization. The modernization process of any country is not a simple “starting from scratch” that severs tradition and discards history and culture, but rather a natural growth on the deep soil of history and culture. The cultural determination of Chinese-path modernization is concentratedly embodied in three aspects: fine traditional Chinese culture, revolutionary culture, and advanced socialist culture.

“中国式现代化，深深植根于中华优秀传统文化，体现科学社会主义的先进本质，借鉴吸收一切人类优秀文明成果，代表人类文明进步的发展方向，展现了不同于西方现代化模式的新图景，是一种全新的人类文明形态。中国式现代化为全球提供了一种全新的现代化模式，是对西方式现代化理论和实践的重大超越，为广大发展中国家提供了全新选择。”“只有立足波澜壮阔的中华五千多年文明史，才能真正理解中国道路的历史必然、文化内涵与独特优势。”习近平总书记的一系列重要论述深刻阐明了中国式现代化的文化规定性。任何国家的现代化进程都不是简单地割裂传统、摒弃历史文化的“另起炉灶”，而是在深厚历史文化土壤上的自然生长。中国式现代化的文化规定性集中体现在中华优秀传统文化、革命文化和社会主义先进文化三个方面。

Fine traditional Chinese culture provides Chinese-path modernization with distinct Chinese characteristics and cultural genes. The cosmology of Chinese civilization, centered on the “unity of heaven and humanity,” advocates the harmonious unity of humanity and nature, society and environment; this holistic thinking has profoundly shaped the worldview and ecological outlook of New China’s modernization, as seen in its commitment to realizing the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan and building a community of life for humanity and nature. The values embedded in Chinese civilization, such as “the world is for all” and “the people are the foundation of the state,” provide an ethical底色 [n5], which are directly continuous with the people-centered political outlook and the core goal of modernization, “common prosperity for all the people.” The outstanding continuity of Chinese civilization has shaped a historical outlook of “examining the past to understand the present,” which both emphasizes drawing wisdom from history and adheres to “abolishing the old and establishing the new” and “ceaseless self-renewal.” From “Zhou is an ancient state, yet its mandate is renewed” to the New Era’s “upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground,” China’s modernization process seeks breakthroughs and transcendence within the continuation of civilization. The inclusive character of Chinese civilization, “harmony in diversity” and “coexisting in harmony with all nations,” has shaped a distinctive view of civilization, using the Global Civilization Initiative to build platforms for dialogue and replacing “clash of civilizations” with “dialogue among civilizations,” thereby enabling China to maintain relative stability and developmental resilience in the global modernization process. The traditional Chinese idea of “selecting the worthy and appointing the capable,” combined with socialist democratic politics, provides beneficial nourishment for the formation of whole-process people’s democracy. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasizes, “Chinese-path modernization is a modernization that continues the ancient civilization, not one that destroys it; it is a modernization that has grown out of the Chinese land, not one that copies other countries; it is the result of civilizational renewal, not the product of civilizational rupture. Chinese-path modernization is the new mandate of the ancient state of the Chinese nation, and it will surely bring renewed glory to Chinese civilization.”

中华优秀传统文化为中国式现代化提供了鲜明的中国特色和文化基因。中华文明以“天人合一”为核心的宇宙观，主张人与自然、社会与环境的和谐统一，这种整体性思维深刻影响了新中国实现现代化的世界观和生态观，如致力于实现“五位一体”总体布局，构建人与自然生命共同体。中华文明中蕴含的“天下为公”“民惟邦本”等价值观提供了伦理底色，与以人民为中心的政治观、“全体人民共同富裕”的现代化核心目标，一脉相传。中华文明突出的连续性塑造了“鉴古知今”的历史观，既重视从历史中汲取智慧，同时坚持“革故鼎新”“自强不息”，从“周虽旧邦，其命维新”到新时代“守正创新”，中国的现代化进程是在文明赓续中寻求突破与超越。中华文明“和而不同”“协和万邦”的包容性特质塑造了鲜明的文明观，以全球文明倡议搭建对话平台，以“文明对话”替代“文明冲突”，使得中国在世界现代化进程中保持相对稳定和发展韧性。中国传统“选贤任能”思想与社会主义民主政治相结合，为全过程人民民主的形成提供了有益滋养。习近平总书记强调，“中国式现代化是赓续古老文明的现代化，而不是消灭古老文明的现代化；是从中华大地长出来的现代化，不是照搬照抄其他国家的现代化；是文明更新的结果，不是文明断裂的产物。中国式现代化是中华民族的旧邦新命，必将推动中华文明重焕荣光”。

Since modern times, the Communist Party of China, leading the Chinese people in their magnificent revolutionary course, has nurtured a rich revolutionary culture, especially creating the spiritual genealogy of Chinese Communists originating from the great founding spirit of the Party, injecting powerful spiritual momentum and a distinct political character into Chinese-path modernization. The fine traditions formed in the great struggle for national independence and people’s liberation—hard struggle, integrating theory with practice, seeking truth from facts, and maintaining close ties with the masses—have become precious spiritual assets for overcoming difficulties and forging ahead in the modernization process. The spirit of independence and self-reliance emphasized by revolutionary culture has profoundly influenced Chinese-path modernization’s firm determination to adhere to a path suited to its own national conditions. The relentless pursuit of fairness and justice, and the spirit of profound criticism and transformation of the old system, inherent in revolutionary culture, provide powerful spiritual momentum for Chinese-path modernization to remove development obstacles, uphold and improve the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, and shape its distinct socialist attributes and people-centered character.

近代以来，中国共产党领导中国人民在波澜壮阔的革命历程中孕育了丰富的革命文化，特别是创造了以伟大建党精神为源头的中国共产党人精神谱系，为中国式现代化注入了强大精神动力和鲜明政治品格。在争取民族独立、人民解放的伟大斗争中形成的艰苦奋斗、理论联系实际、实事求是、密切联系群众等优良传统，成为现代化进程中攻坚克难、砥砺前行的宝贵精神财富。革命文化强调的独立自主、自力更生精神，深刻影响了中国式现代化坚持走符合自身国情道路的坚定决心。革命文化所蕴含的对公平正义的不懈追求，以及对旧制度的深刻批判与改造精神，为中国式现代化破除发展障碍、坚持和完善中国特色社会主义制度提供了强大的精神动力，塑造了其鲜明的社会主义属性和人民性特征。

Advanced socialist culture is a form of advanced culture formed under the leadership of the Communist Party of China in the practice of socialist construction and reform, reflecting the demands of the times and representing the direction of progress. Guided by Marxism and with core socialist values as its soul, it establishes the fundamental value orientation and spiritual coordinates for Chinese-path modernization. The patriotism, collectivism, and socialist spirit advocated by advanced socialist culture, along with the contemporary spirit of reform, innovation, openness, and inclusiveness, shape an open, enterprising, and cooperative ethos of the times. The sustained pursuit and institutional construction of value goals such as common prosperity, fairness and justice, and the comprehensive development of the individual, directly embodied in advanced socialist culture, express the essential requirements of Chinese-path modernization, enabling it to transcend the modernization model dominated by the logic of capital.

社会主义先进文化，是在中国共产党领导下，在社会主义建设和改革实践中形成的，反映时代要求、代表前进方向的先进文化形态。它以马克思主义为指导，以社会主义核心价值观为灵魂，为中国式现代化确立了根本的价值遵循和精神坐标。社会主义先进文化倡导的爱国主义、集体主义、社会主义精神，以及改革创新、开放包容的时代精神，塑造了开放、进取、合作的时代风貌。社会主义先进文化对共同富裕、公平正义、人的全面发展等价值目标的持续追求和制度建构，直接体现了中国式现代化的本质要求，使其超越了资本逻辑主导的现代化模式。

The fine traditional Chinese culture, revolutionary culture, and advanced socialist culture nurtured in the common struggle of the Chinese nation connect the past, present, and future. The cultural determination of Chinese-path modernization is, in essence, a profound “chemical reaction” between the essence of Marxist thought and the essence of fine traditional Chinese culture on the basis of practice. This is not a simple superposition of elements, but, through the Second Integration, making Marxism Chinese and making fine traditional Chinese culture modern. Fine traditional Chinese culture provides a deep foundation and unique genes; revolutionary culture tempers spiritual backbone and political character; advanced socialist culture points the direction of the times and shapes the institutional form. The three interpenetrate, mutually nourish, and are organically unified, together constituting the deepest and most enduring source of strength for Chinese-path modernization. This fusion both maintains the continuity of the root of Chinese civilization and endows it with powerful modern vitality, successfully creating a new form of human civilization.

中华民族共同奋斗中孕育的中华优秀传统文化、革命文化和社会主义先进文化，联结着过去、现在和未来。中国式现代化的文化规定性，本质上是马克思主义思想精髓与中华优秀传统文化精华在实践基础上发生的深刻“化学反应”。这不是简单的要素叠加，而是通过“第二个结合”让马克思主义成为中国的、让中华优秀传统文化成为现代的。中华优秀传统文化提供了深厚底蕴和独特基因；革命文化锤炼了精神风骨和政治品格；社会主义先进文化则指明了时代方向并塑造了制度形态。三者相互贯通、相互滋养、有机统一，共同构成了中国式现代化最深沉、最持久的力量源泉。这种融合既保持了中华文明根脉的连续性，又赋予了其强大的现代生命力，成功创造了人类文明新形态。

(Author: Zhao Jianying, Distinguished Researcher of the Research

（作者：赵剑英，系中国社会科学院习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究中心特约研究员、中国社会科学出版社原社长）

Online editor: Huihui

网络编辑：慧慧