Resolutely Block Any Attempt to Revive Japanese Militarism — An Interview with Hu Dekun, Senior Professor of Humanities and Social Sciences at Wuhan University

Reporter: Japanese Prime Minister Ishiba Shigeru has openly made erroneous remarks on Taiwan, grossly interfering

记者：日本首相高市早苗公然发表涉台错误言论，粗暴干涉中国内政，损害中日关系，性质和影响极为恶劣。如何从历史的视角，认识这种现象背后的深层动因？

Hu Dekun: These dangerous remarks by Takaichi Sanae reflect that the ghost of Japanese militarism has not dissipated and is still at work. The ideological origins of Japanese militarism can be traced back to the late Sengoku period and the Tokugawa shogunate. At the end of the 16th century, Japan's de facto ruler Toyotomi Hideyoshi proposed a reckless plan to invade Korea and conquer China, dreaming of using the Korean Peninsula as a springboard to "sweep through the four hundred-odd provinces of Ming and make them part of the imperial domain." [1]1 This is a paraphrase of Toyotomi Hideyoshi's ambition to conquer Ming China, often cited in historical accounts of his invasions of Korea (1592–1598). During the Tokugawa shogunate, scholars such as Honda Toshiaki and Satō Nobuhiro advocated that Japan should "manage" Manchuria and conquer the islands of the South Seas. In the late Bakumatsu period, Yoshida Shōin, when planning Japan's future "way out," explicitly stated that Japan should "take Manchuria in the north, and seize Taiwan and the Luzon islands in the south." [2]2 Yoshida Shōin (1830–1859) was a Bakumatsu-era scholar and teacher whose expansionist ideas influenced the Meiji Restoration leaders. Their aggressive doctrines became the ideological source of Japanese militarism.

胡德坤：高市早苗的这种危险言论，反映了日本军国主义阴魂不散，仍在作祟。日本军国主义的思想渊源，可追溯至日本战国末期与德川幕府时期。16世纪末，日本实际统治者丰臣秀吉提出征讨朝鲜、攻占中国的狂妄计划，妄想以朝鲜半岛为跳板，“席卷明朝四百余州，以为皇国之版图”。德川幕府时期一些学者，如本多利明、佐藤信渊等人，主张日本要“经略”满洲，征服南洋诸岛。幕末，吉田松阴在规划未来日本的“出路”时，明确日本应“北割满洲，南取台湾、吕宋诸岛”。他们的侵略主张，成为日本军国主义思想的渊源。

After the Meiji Restoration, the Japanese government inherited the militarist ideology formed during the late Sengoku period and the Tokugawa shogunate, and quickly embarked on a militarist path of external expansion. In 1874, Japan used the killing of Ryukyuan drifters in Taiwan as a pretext to send troops to Taiwan. The following year, it provoked the "Ganghwa Island Incident" to invade Korea. In 1879, Japan annexed the Ryukyu Kingdom.

明治维新后，日本政府继承了战国末期与德川幕府时期形成的军国主义思想，迅速走上军国主义的对外扩张道路。1874年，日本以琉球漂流民在台湾被杀为借口出兵中国台湾。次年，又挑起侵略朝鲜的“江华岛事件”。1879年，日本吞并琉球王国。

From 1894 to 1895, Japan launched the First Sino-Japanese War and forced the Qing government to sign the Treaty of Shimonoseki, seizing Taiwan as its colony. During World War I, taking advantage of the European powers' preoccupation elsewhere, Japan rapidly expanded its influence in China, presenting the "Twenty-One Demands" to Yuan Shikai's government and setting a general goal of invading China from the ports to the interior. In the early 1930s, in order to escape the economic crisis and deflect domestic contradictions, Japan accelerated its pace of invading China. In December 1941, Japan launched the Pacific War, and by the summer of 1942 had occupied Southeast Asia and the Southwest Pacific region.

1894-1895年，日本发动甲午战争并迫使清政府签订《马关条约》，窃取中国台湾为其殖民地。第一次世界大战期间日本利用欧洲列强无暇东顾之机，急剧在华扩张势力，向袁世凯政府提出“二十一条”，制定了从港口到内陆侵略中国的总目标。20世纪30年代初，为了摆脱经济危机、转嫁国内矛盾，日本加快了侵略中国的步伐。1941年12月，日本发动太平洋战争，于1942年夏攻占了东南亚和西南太平洋地区。

Japan imposed brutal colonial rule in these areas, politically carrying out ruthless suppression and massacres, and economically plundering resources wildly, plunging the vast majority of the people into an abyss of suffering. Under the joint blows of the Allied powers—China, the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union—Japan surrendered on August 15, 1945, and the so-called "Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere" collapsed and disintegrated, marking the end of the militarist expansionist path Japan had pursued since the Meiji Restoration in a disastrous defeat.

日本在这些地区实行残暴的殖民统治，政治上进行残酷镇压、屠杀，经济上疯狂掠夺资源，使广大人民生活在水深火热之中。在中美英苏盟国的共同打击下，1945年8月15日日本战败投降，所谓“大东亚共荣圈”随之崩溃瓦解，标志着明治维新以来日本奉行的军国主义扩张道路，以惨败告终。

After the war, the Allies conducted the Tokyo Trial of Japanese militarist war criminals, exposing their war crimes and proclaiming to the world the firm belief that justice will inevitably triumph over evil. On this basis, the United States implemented three major reforms in occupied Japan, eliminating the soil on which militarism relied for survival from the political, economic, and ideological spheres, and formulating a "Peace Constitution," prompting Japan to embark on a path of peaceful development.

战后盟国对日本军国主义战犯进行东京审判，披露了他们的战争罪行，向世界宣示了正义必将战胜邪恶的坚定信念。在此基础上，美国对占领下的日本实施了三大改革，从政治、经济、思想等各领域清除军国主义赖以生存的土壤，制定“和平宪法”，促使日本走上和平发展道路。

However, with the onset of the Cold War, the U.S. occupation policy toward Japan shifted from "punishment" to "support," providing living space for the right-wing forces in Japan that stubbornly adhere to historical revisionism, and this has long influenced Japan's political direction. Nakasone Yasuhiro, who became Prime Minister of Japan in 1982, raised the slogan of a "general settlement of postwar politics" during his tenure, demanding the revision of the "Peace Constitution" and the rapid establishment of Japan's status as a political and military great power on the international stage.

但随着冷战拉开帷幕，美国对日占领政策从“惩罚”改为“扶持”，为日本顽固坚持历史修正主义的右翼势力提供了生存空间，并长期影响日本政治走向。1982年担任日本首相的中曾根康弘任职期间打出“战后政治总决算”口号，要求修改“和平宪法”，尽快确立日本在国际上的政治军事大国地位。

After Abe Shinzō was re-elected Prime Minister in 2012, right-wing media's statements on historical issues became noticeably normalized, repeatedly denying historical issues such as the forced recruitment of "comfort women" and the Nanjing Massacre in the public eye. Japanese militarism showed a strong tendency to revive.

2012年安倍晋三再度当选首相后，右翼媒体针对历史问题的发声呈现明显的常态化趋势，在公众视野中一再否定强征“慰安妇”、南京大屠杀等历史问题，日本军国主义大有死灰复燃之势。

Takaichi Sanae's erroneous remarks on Taiwan were made against this backdrop. Their essence is to bolster the aggressive acts of Japanese militarism, raising the danger of Japan retreading the old path of militarism.

高市早苗的涉台错误言论，就是在这样的背景下提出的，其本质是为日本军国主义侵略行径张目，大有重走军国主义老路之虞。

Reporter: Takaichi Sanae has declared that if a "crisis of national survival" deemed to threaten Japan occurs, Japan could exercise the right of collective self-defense even if it has not been directly attacked. Under the pretext of "national survival crisis" and "self-defense" to launch foreign aggression, what are some typical examples from Japanese militarism?

记者：高市早苗扬言，如发生被认定为威胁日本的“存亡危机事态”，即便并未直接遭受攻击，日本也将可以行使集体自卫权。以所谓“存亡危机”和“自卫”为名发动对外侵略，日本军国主义曾有哪些典型事例？

Hu Dekun: Historically, Japan has repeatedly used "national survival crisis" as a pretext to launch aggressive wars. There are countless such examples. Representative cases can be listed as follows—

胡德坤：在历史上，日本多次以“存亡危机”为由发动侵略战争，这方面的事例不胜枚举。有代表性的事例，可以列举如下——

First, the September 18 Incident. [3]3 The September 18 Incident (1931) was a staged event by the Japanese Kwantung Army that served as the pretext for the invasion and occupation of Northeast China (Manchuria). In 1927, the Tanaka Giichi cabinet convened the Eastern Conference, focusing Japan's aggressive expansion into China on the "Manchuria-Mongolia" region. At the end of 1928, Zhang Xueliang announced the change of flags in the Northeast, [4]4 "Change of flags" refers to Zhang Xueliang's decision in December 1928 to replace the flag of the Beiyang government with the Nationalist flag of the Kuomintang, symbolizing nominal unification of China under the Nanjing government. thwarting Japan's attempt to control Northeast China by manipulating the Fengtian warlord clique. Staff officer of the Kwantung Army, Ishiwara Kanji, and others blatantly advocated "creating opportunities through stratagems initiated by the military," stepping up plans to forcibly occupy the Northeast. In January 1931, Matsuoka Yōsuke, Vice President of the South Manchuria Railway, clamored in the Diet that "Manchuria-Mongolia is Japan's lifeline," and Japanese newspapers also fomented public opinion, exaggerating the "Manchuria-Mongolia crisis." Under the planning of Ishiwara Kanji, Itagaki Seishirō, and others, on September 18, the Kwantung Army itself blew up a section of track on the South Manchuria Railway at Liutiao Lake, falsely accusing the Chinese army of the act, creating the world-shaking September 18 Incident, and rapidly occupying Northeast China. This is a typical example of Japanese militarism using changes in China's political situation as a "national survival crisis" for Japan, using it as a pretext to launch an aggressive war.

第一，九一八事变。1927年田中义一内阁召开东方会议，把日本对华侵略扩张的重点置于“满蒙”地区。1928年末张学良宣告东北易帜，使日本妄图通过操控奉系军阀控制中国东北的图谋破产。关东军参谋石原莞尔等人赤裸裸地鼓吹“由军部主动通过谋略来制造机会”，加紧谋划武力侵占东北。1931年1月，满铁副总裁松冈洋右在国会上叫嚣“满蒙是日本的生命线”，日本的报纸也纷纷制造舆论，渲染“满蒙”危机。在石原莞尔、板垣征四郎等人的策划下，9月18日，关东军自行炸毁南满铁路柳条湖段一段路轨，反诬中国军队所为，制造震惊中外的九一八事变，迅速攻占我国东北。这是日本军国主义将中国政局变化作为日本“存亡危机”，以此为借口发动侵略战争的典型事例。

Second, the July 7 Incident. [5]5 The July 7 Incident (1937), also known as the Marco Polo Bridge Incident, was a clash between Chinese and Japanese troops that escalated into the full-scale Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945). After occupying Northeast China, Japan set about expanding into North China. In 1935, Japan failed in its attempt to create a puppet regime in North China. In 1936, under the pretext of protecting Japanese nationals, Japan unilaterally increased its garrison in Tianjin. Subsequently, Japanese troops frequently conducted military exercises, deliberately provoking the Chinese army and waiting for an opportunity to start a war. On the night of July 7, 1937, Japanese troops stationed in Fengtai claimed to have been subjected to "illegal" gunfire from the Chinese army, using this as a pretext to attack the Marco Polo Bridge and Wanping County, sparking the July 7 Incident and beginning the full-scale war of aggression against China.

第二，七七事变。日本占领我国东北后便着手向华北扩张。1935年，日本企图在华北炮制傀儡政权失败。1936年，日本以保护日侨为名，擅自增加天津驻屯军，随后日军频繁进行军事演习，蓄意挑衅中国军队，伺机挑起战事。1937年7月7日晚，驻丰台日军声称遭到中国军队的“不法”枪击，以此为借口进攻卢沟桥和宛平县城，挑起“七七事变”，开始了全面侵华战争。

Third, the Pacific War. Due to Japan's military expansion in China and its subsequent invasion of French Indochina, it took the first step southward to launch the Pacific War, triggering trade sanctions and economic blockades against Japan by Britain, the United States, and other countries. Japan actually claimed to be "encircled" by Britain, the United States, China, the Netherlands, and others, and again used the pretext of a "survival crisis" to launch a sneak attack on Pearl Harbor, initiating the Pacific War.

第三，太平洋战争。由于日本在中国的武力扩张，继而侵占法属印度支那，跨出了南进发动太平洋战争的第一步，引发英美等国对日本的贸易制裁与经济封锁。日本竟称遭到英、美、中、荷等国的“包围”，又以“生存危机”为借口偷袭珍珠港，发动太平洋战争。

Today, Japanese Prime Minister Takaichi Sanae links "Taiwan contingency" with Japan's "national survival crisis." This "familiar" historical discourse of militarist aggression and expansion cannot but arouse the high vigilance of the people of China and all countries in the world.

今天，日本首相高市早苗将“台湾有事”与日本“存亡危机”相关联，这种“熟悉”的军国主义侵略扩张的历史话语，不能不引起中国和世界各国人民的高度警惕。

Reporter: What profound disasters did the aggressive wars launched by Japan bring to the people of Asia and the world?

记者：日本发动的侵略战争，给亚洲和世界各国人民带来哪些深重灾难？

Hu Dekun: Japanese militarism committed heinous atrocities against the people of Asia and the world during World War II, writing the bloodiest and darkest page in the history of human civilization.

胡德坤：日本军国主义在第二次世界大战期间对亚洲和世界各国人民犯下罄竹难书的暴行，在人类文明史上书写下最为血腥、最为黑暗的一页。

Massacres accompanied the pace of the Japanese invasion. From the First Sino-Japanese War to the end of World War II, the Japanese army created numerous inhuman massacres in China and Southeast Asia. As early as the First Sino-Japanese War, after occupying Lüshun, the Japanese army carried out the Lüshun Massacre, with over 20,000 civilians killed. In September 1932, Japanese troops from the Fushun garrison and a detachment of military police broke into Pingdingshan Village, drove over 3,000 villagers to an open area, and shot them all dead—this was the "Pingdingshan Massacre." [6]6 The Pingdingshan Massacre (1932) was a mass killing of Chinese civilians by Japanese troops in Fushun, Liaoning Province. After the September 18 Incident, the Japanese army carried out numerous large-scale massacres in China, among which the Nanjing Massacre was the most serious, with the total number of victims exceeding 300,000. In the early stages of the Pacific War, after the Japanese army captured the Bataan Peninsula in the Philippines, 75,000 prisoners of war from the U.S.-Filipino Allied forces were subjected to severe abuse during a forced march of 120 kilometers to a prisoner-of-war camp, resulting in the deaths of approximately 15,000 people, known as the "Bataan Death March."

集体屠杀与日军侵略步伐如影相随，自甲午战争至二战结束，日军在中国及东南亚制造了大量灭绝人性的惨案。早在甲午战争期间，日军在侵占旅顺之后便制造了旅顺大屠杀，死难民众超过两万人。1932年9月，日军派抚顺守备队和宪兵分遣队闯入平顶山村，将全村3000余名百姓驱赶到野外全部射杀，是为“平顶山惨案”。自九一八事变后，日军在中国进行多次大规模集体屠杀，其中南京大屠杀是其犯下的最严重的集体屠杀事件，被害者总数达到30万人以上。太平洋战争初期日军攻占菲律宾巴丹半岛，美菲联军7.5万名俘虏在被押往120公里外的战俘营途中饱受虐待，死亡约1.5万人，被称为“巴丹死亡行军”。

The Japanese military, in disregard of international law, carried out indiscriminate bombing of cities in China’s rear areas during the War of Resistance. On June 5, 1941, the Japanese military dispatched a large number of aircraft to conduct a night raid on Chongqing. A vast number of civilians were forced to crowd for long periods in poorly ventilated tunnels, where they suffocated to death, resulting in the “Chongqing Great Tunnel Tragedy.” After the outbreak of the Pacific War, the Japanese military similarly carried out indiscriminate bombing of cities in Southeast Asia. On the morning of December 9, 1941, Japanese planes flew over the city of Pontianak on Borneo, dropping large numbers of bombs and incendiary devices. The Pontianak city center was turned into a sea of fire, causing more than 2,000 deaths.

日军无视国际法，对抗战大后方城市实施无差别轰炸。1941年6月5日，日军出动大批飞机夜袭重庆，大量民众被迫长时间拥挤在通风不畅的隧道中甚至窒息而死，造成“重庆大隧道惨案”。太平洋战争爆发后，日军对东南亚城市同样实施无差别轰炸。1941年12月9日上午，日机飞抵婆罗洲坤甸市上空，投下大量炸弹和燃烧弹，坤甸市区化成火海，造成2000余人死亡。

The biological and chemical warfare launched by Japan during its war of aggression against China constitutes an extremely cruel crime against humanity, of which the human experiments conducted by Unit 731 of the Kwantung Army are the most appalling. To clarify pathology and collect virulent pathogenic bacteria, this unit performed extremely cruel vivisection on living subjects. To observe and measure the lethality of biological and chemical weapons, it even tied subjects to stakes in open-air test ranges, subjecting them to attacks from bacterial and chemical bombs dropped by aircraft or fired by artillery. The Japanese military’s indiscriminate use of chemical weapons on the Chinese battlefield caused more than 200,000 Chinese military and civilian casualties.

日本在侵华战争期间发动的生化战，是极残酷的反人类罪行，其中尤以关东军第七三一部队所从事的人体实验最骇人听闻。这支部队为了明确病理和采集毒性致病菌，对被实验者实施极为残忍的活体解剖；为了观察测定生化武器的杀伤力，甚至将被实验者捆绑在野外靶场的木桩上，让他们承受飞机投掷或大炮发射的细菌弹、化学弹的攻击。日军在中国战场滥施化学武器，造成20多万中国军民伤亡。

Sexual violence and sexual enslavement were also atrocities committed by the Japanese military in war zones. During the period of the full-scale war of aggression against China, the Japanese military forcibly conscripted and abducted women from respectable families in the occupied areas to serve as “comfort women,” establishing a large number of comfort stations. With the outbreak of the Pacific War, the Japanese military extended the comfort station system to Southeast Asia. The “comfort women” came not only from mainland China and Korea but also from Taiwan, China, and various parts of Southeast Asia, constituting a gross violation of human rights.

性暴力与性奴役也是日军在战地犯下的恶行。全面侵华战争时期，日军在沦陷区强征、掳掠良家妇女充作“慰安妇”，开设大量慰安所，随着太平洋战争的爆发，日军又把慰安所推广到东南亚。“慰安妇”除来自中国大陆、朝鲜之外，还包括中国台湾、东南亚各地，是对人权的粗暴践踏。

The Japanese military imposed forced labor on the people in the occupied areas. By 1944, Japan had forcibly conscripted 3 million laborers in the Northeast, of whom 29 percent died from exploitation and abuse. In North China, from 1937 to 1942, 5.29 million laborers were captured and taken out of the region by the Japanese aggressors, and another 40,000 Chinese laborers were shipped to Japan. Of the 986 laborers at the Hanaoka mine in Akita Prefecture alone, 418 died miserably. In Southeast Asia, due to the Japanese military’s construction of the Thai-Burma Railway, more than 200,000 laborers were forcibly conscripted from Thailand, Burma, and other places. A large number of laborers and prisoners of war died under high-intensity labor, earning this railway the name “Death Railway.”

日军对占领区内的民众实行强制劳役。至1944年，日本在东北强征的劳动力达300万人，其中被压榨虐待致死的占29％。在华北，从1937年至1942年，被日本侵略者抓捕出关的劳工就达529万人，另有4万多中国劳工被运往日本，仅在秋田县花冈矿的986名劳工，就有418人悲惨死亡。在东南亚，因日军修建泰缅铁路，从泰国、缅甸等地强制征用的劳工超过20万人，大量劳工和战俘在高强度劳动之下死亡，这条铁路也由此被称为“死亡铁路”。

In summary, the heinous crimes committed by Japanese militarism brought unprecedented and profound disaster to the peoples of Asia and the world. According to incomplete statistics, Chinese military and civilian casualties exceeded 35 million, accounting for approximately one-third of the total casualties of all countries in World War II.

总之，日本军国主义犯下的滔天罪行，给亚洲和世界各国人民带来前所未有的深重灾难。据不完全统计，中国军民伤亡3500万人以上，约占第二次世界大战各国伤亡人数总和的1/3。

Reporter: After the victory of the war, international legal documents such as the Cairo Declaration, the Potsdam Proclamation, and the Japanese Instrument of Surrender clearly stipulated Japan’s obligations as a defeated nation. In what ways do the erroneous statements on China by Japanese Prime Minister Ishiba Shigeru violate international law and the basic norms of international relations? [7]7 The Cairo Declaration (1943) and the Potsdam Proclamation (1945) are Allied wartime documents that set the terms for Japan's surrender and post-war territorial arrangements, including the return of occupied territories.

记者：战争胜利后，《开罗宣言》《波茨坦公告》《日本投降书》等国际法律文件对日本作为战败国的义务作出明确规定。日本首相高市早苗涉华的错误言论，在哪些方面违背了国际法和国际关系基本准则？

Hu Dekun: In November 1943, the heads of state of China, the United States, and the United Kingdom held a meeting in Cairo, the capital of Egypt, specifically to discuss major issues related to the Allied war against Japan, resulting in the Cairo Declaration. The declaration emphasized that the territories Japan had stolen from China, such as the Northeast, Taiwan, and the Penghu Islands, should be returned to China. From July 17

胡德坤：1943年11月，中美英三国首脑在埃及首都开罗举行会议，专门商讨盟国对日作战的相关重大问题，形成《开罗宣言》。宣言中强调，要使日本窃取中国的领土，如东北、台湾、澎湖列岛等地归还中国。1945年7月17日至8月2日，苏美英三国首脑在德国波茨坦举行会议。会议期间，中美英三国以宣言形式发表《波茨坦公告》，敦促日本立即无条件投降，并申明“开罗宣言之条件必将实施，而日本之主权必将限于本州、北海道、九州、四国及吾人所决定其可以领有之小岛在内”。这一公告不仅重申了日本战后必须将殖民扩张侵占的领土归还给中国及相关国家的规定，同时也规定了日本在战后的领土范围。

On August 15, 1945, Japanese Emperor Hirohito issued the "Imperial Rescript on the Termination of the War" to the nation, announcing acceptance of the Potsdam Proclamation. On September 2 of the same year, aboard the U.S. battleship "Missouri" in Tokyo Bay, the Japanese Foreign Minister and Chief of the General Staff signed the "Japanese Instrument of Surrender" on behalf of the Japanese government. This document states, "We hereby undertake for the Emperor, the Japanese Government and their successors to carry out the provisions of the Potsdam Declaration in good faith." This means that not only did the Japanese government at that time pledge to accept the Potsdam Proclamation, but all subsequent Japanese governments must also abide by its provisions. The Cairo Declaration, the Potsdam Proclamation, and the Japanese Instrument of Surrender laid the legal foundation for the post-war East Asian international order.

1945年8月15日，日本裕仁天皇向国民发布《终战诏书》，宣布接受《波茨坦公告》。同年9月2日，在日本东京湾美国“密苏里号”军舰上，日本外相和参谋总长代表日本政府在《日本投降书》上签字。该文件载明，“余等兹为天皇、日本国政府、及其继续者，承约切实履行波茨坦宣言之条款”。这意味着，不仅当时日本政府承诺接受《波茨坦公告》，而且此后日本历届政府都必须遵守《波茨坦公告》的规定。《开罗宣言》《波茨坦公告》以及《日本投降书》奠定了战后东亚国际秩序的法律基础。

Japanese Prime Minister Ishiba Shigeru's remarks on Taiwan not only directly challenge China

日本首相高市早苗的涉台言论，不仅直接挑战《开罗宣言》《波茨坦公告》等国际法律文件确立的中国对台湾的主权，而且严重违背中日四个政治文件精神。1972年签订的《中日联合声明》，日方明确承认中华人民共和国政府是中国的唯一合法政府，日本充分理解和尊重中国政府关于台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分这一立场，并坚持遵循《波茨坦公告》第八条的立场；1978年签订的《中日和平友好条约》，申明缔约双方应在互相尊重主权和领土完整、互不侵犯、互不干涉内政等各项原则的基础上，发展两国间持久的和平友好关系；1998年、2008年两国发表的《中日联合宣言》与《中日关于全面推进战略互惠关系的联合声明》，都强调恪守《中日联合声明》与《中日和平友好条约》确立的这些原则。台湾问题纯属中国内政，不容任何外部势力干涉。高市早苗抛出所谓“台湾有事”的谬论，既违背国际法，违反中日关系准则，也违背日本的“和平宪法”，必然遭到中国、亚洲、世界各国人民的反对。

Reporter: How can the international community today effectively prevent and resolutely block these challenges and threats, jointly uphold the post-war international order, and safeguard world peace?

记者：今天国际社会如何有效防范、坚决阻击这些挑战和威胁，共同维护战后国际秩序，守护世界和平？

Hu Dekun: Considering Takaichi Sanae's consistent advocacy of "constitutional revision" and "nuclear armament," it is not difficult to discern the strategic intent of the right-wing forces behind her to actively plot a breakthrough of the post-war international order and accelerate Japan's transformation into a military power. This poses a war threat to China, Asia, and the world, and will undermine the favorable situation of world peace and development since the post-war era. To this end, China, Asia, and the international community must all maintain a high degree of vigilance.

胡德坤：结合高市早苗一贯的“修宪”“拥核”等主张，不难发现其背后右翼势力积极酝酿突破战后国际秩序，加快日本成为军事大国的战略意图，对中国、亚洲和世界构成了战争威胁，将会破坏战后以来世界和平与发展的大好局面。为此，中国、亚洲和国际社会都必须高度警惕。

First, strengthen international oversight and the constraints of international law. International oversight and the constraints of international law are necessary measures to counter the revival of Japanese militarism. If any country, under the pretext of "contingencies" in its vicinity, engages in the substance of interfering in the internal affairs of other nations, then the post-war international order will surely cease to exist. Documents such as the Cairo Declaration and the Potsdam Proclamation still possess legal effect to this day and should not be ignored by the international community. We should uphold the authority of the United Nations, especially by emphasizing through the UN that these legal documents are unshakable "iron laws," and call on member states to jointly uphold the international order centered on the UN Charter. In response to the clamorous statements of Japanese right-wing forces and the rightward tilt of the Japanese government on historical issues, we should inherit the spiritual legacy of the anti-fascist alliance that "justice will prevail, peace will prevail, and the people will prevail," fully utilize diplomatic platforms, legal accountability, public opinion campaigns, academic exchanges, and other means to exercise international oversight over Japan's militarist tendencies, and send a voice of justice to the international community.

第一，强化国际监督和国际法约束。国际监督和国际法约束是应对日本军国主义复活的必要举措。倘若任何国家以周边“有事”之论，行干涉他国内政之实，那么战后建立的国际秩序必将荡然无存。《开罗宣言》《波茨坦公告》等文件至今仍有法律效力，不应被国际社会忽视。我们应维护联合国的权威，尤其要通过联合国强调这些法律文件是不可动摇的“铁律”，呼吁成员国共同维护以《联合国宪章》为核心的国际秩序；针对日本右翼势力的嚣张言论与日本政府在历史问题上的右倾化，我们应当继承反法西斯同盟“正义必胜、和平必胜、人民必胜”的精神遗产，充分运用外交舞台、法律追责、舆论宣传、学术交流等方式，对日本的军国主义倾向实行国际监督，向国际社会发出正义之声。

Second, strengthen historical warnings and never tolerate erroneous statements concerning China. Given that Japanese militarism has historically used excuses such as “existential crisis” and “self-defense” to launch aggression, China’s academic community should continuously expose and criticize the various fallacies of Japanese right-wing forces in tampering with history and glorifying aggression, as well as the sinister intentions behind them. In particular, we must use irrefutable historical facts to reveal to the international community the harm Japanese militarism has done to world peace and its criminal nature. Japan’s war responsibility issue is both a historical issue and a practical one. Japanese right-wing forces deny the history of aggression and shirk war responsibility, essentially in order to break through the “Peace Constitution” and disrupt the existing international order. We must clearly and unequivocally refute the historical revisionism advocated by Japanese right-wing forces, expose the ugly face of militarism to the world, and precisely puncture its scheme to revive in a new guise.

第二，加强历史警示，对涉华错误言论绝不姑息。鉴于近代以来日本军国主义惯用“存亡危机”“自卫”等借口发动侵略，我国学界应持续揭露与批判日本右翼势力篡改历史、美化侵略的诸种谬论及其背后的险恶用心，尤其要用铁的历史事实向国际社会揭露日本军国主义对世界和平的危害性及其罪恶本质。日本的战争责任问题，既是历史问题，也是现实问题。日本右翼势力否定侵略的历史，推卸战争责任，本质上是为了突破“和平宪法”，打破既有的国际秩序。我们要旗帜鲜明地批驳日本右翼势力鼓吹的历史修正主义，将军国主义的丑恶面目昭然于天下，精准戳穿其借尸还魂的图谋。

Third, proclaim China’s determination and confidence in safeguarding national sovereignty. If Japanese militarism revives and launches a war of aggression abroad, the first to be affected will still be neighboring countries such as China, Russia, North Korea, and South Korea. Today’s China is no longer the China that could be bullied at will. How could it allow the history of Japanese militarist aggression against China to repeat itself? The Chinese government has already warned the extreme right-wing forces represented by Takaichi Sanae not to underestimate China’s determination and capability to defend national sovereignty. No matter how the situation develops, China’s resolve to uphold national unification will not waver. If Japan dares to use military force to interfere in the Taiwan issue and obstruct China’s unification, it will inevitably bring about catastrophic consequences from which there is no return.

第三，宣示中国维护国家主权的决心和信心。假若日本军国主义复活对外发动战争，首当其冲的仍然是中、俄、朝、韩等邻国。当今中国已不再是昔日任人宰割的中国了，岂能容允日本军国主义侵华历史重演？中国政府已经正告日本以高市早苗为代表的极端右翼势力，不要低估中国捍卫国家主权的决心和能力，无论形势如何发展，中国维护国家统一的决心不会动摇，如果日本胆敢用武力介入台湾问题，阻挠中国的统一，必将带来万劫不复的严重后果。

In summary, the international community should draw on the historical experience of allied cooperation in jointly winning the anti-fascist war, remain highly vigilant, and resolutely block any attempt to revive militarism, jointly uphold the post-war international order, and protect the hard-won peace and stability.

总之，国际社会应当借鉴盟国合作共同取得反法西斯战争胜利的历史经验，高度警惕、坚决阻击任何复活军国主义的图谋，共同维护战后国际秩序，守护来之不易的和平稳定局面。

(Guangming Daily reporter Zhou Xiaofei)

（《光明日报》记者 周晓菲）

Online editor: Huihui

网络编辑：慧慧