Consolidate Security in Development, Seek Development in Security

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, General Secretary Xi Jinping has attached great importance to development and security, repeatedly emphasising the need to “coordinate development and security.” The Proposal of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development (hereinafter referred to as the Proposal), adopted at the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC, [1]1 The Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC was held in October 2025, focusing on the formulation of the 15th Five-Year Plan (2026-2030). established “adhering to the coordination of development and security” as a fundamental principle that must be followed for economic and social development during the period of the 15th Five-Year Plan, [2]2 The 15th Five-Year Plan refers to China’s national economic and social development plan for the period 2026-2030. and explicitly put forward the idea of “consolidating security in development and seeking development in security.” The Central Economic Work Conference held in December 2025 further emphasised “better coordinating development and security.” Coordinating development and security is not only a profound summary of the experience of governing the country in the New Era, but also an inherent requirement for successfully embarking on the new journey of Chinese-path modernisation. A deep grasp of its theoretical origins, practical foundations, and future direction is of great significance for achieving a positive interaction between high-quality development and high-level security.

党的十八大以来，习近平总书记高度重视发展和安全，反复强调“统筹发展和安全”。党的二十届四中全会通过的《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十五个五年规划的建议》（以下简称《建议》），将“坚持统筹发展和安全”作为“十五五”时期经济社会发展必须遵循的一项基本原则，明确提出“在发展中固安全，在安全中谋发展”。2025年12月举行的中央经济工作会议，进一步强调“更好统筹发展和安全”。统筹发展和安全，既是对新时代治国理政经验的深刻总结，也是走好中国式现代化新征程的内在要求。深入把握其理论渊源、实践基础与未来指向，对于实现高质量发展和高水平安全良性互动具有重大意义。

Deeply Grasp the Theoretical Connotation of Coordinating Development and Security

深刻把握统筹发展和安全的理论内涵

Coordinating development and security is an important component of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and represents the creative integration and systematic development of the Marxist view of development and the Marxist view of security in the New Era. This not only transcends the binary opposition between traditional development theory and security theory, but also constructs a theoretical system of national security and development with Chinese characteristics and a Chinese style, embodying the creative application of Marxist dialectical materialism and demonstrating the Communist Party of China’s profound grasp of the laws governing the governance of the country.

统筹发展和安全，是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的重要组成部分，是马克思主义发展观与安全观在新时代的创造性融合与系统化发展。这不仅超越了传统发展理论与安全理论的二元对立，更构建了具有中国特色、中国气派的国家安全与发展理论体系，体现了对马克思主义唯物辩证法的创造性运用，彰显了中国共产党对治国理政规律的深刻把握。

Viewed from the evolutionary trajectory of theory, the thought of coordinating development and security is rooted in the holistic view of national security, and has been continuously enriched in practice, increasingly highlighting the dialectical and unified relationship between development and security. National security is an important cornerstone for ensuring the stability of the country, and safeguarding national security is the fundamental interest of all ethnic groups in the country. In April 2014, at the first meeting of the Central National Security Commission, General Secretary Xi Jinping creatively proposed the holistic view of national security and put forward clear requirements for its implementation, emphasising that “development is the foundation of security, and security is the condition for development.” [3]3 The Central National Security Commission is a leading body of the CPC Central Committee responsible for coordinating national security work, established in 2013. In November of the same year, at the Central Conference on Work Relating to Foreign Affairs, General Secretary Xi Jinping proposed coordinating the two major tasks of development and security. [4]4 The Central Conference on Work Relating to Foreign Affairs is a high-level meeting of the CPC Central Committee that sets the direction for China’s foreign policy. Subsequently, General Secretary Xi Jinping has profoundly elucidated the dialectical relationship between development and security on many important occasions, and has emphasised the need to coordinate development and security. In October 2017, the 19th National Congress of the CPC established coordinating development and security as “a major principle for the Party to govern the country.” [5]5 The 19th National Congress of the CPC was held in October 2017. In October 2020, the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the CPC incorporated coordinating development and security into the guiding ideology for China’s economic and social development during the period of the 14th Five-Year Plan. [6]6 The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the CPC was held in October 2020. In October 2022, the 20th National Congress of the CPC made it a major strategic deployment for the cause of the Party and the country in the New Era, and wrote it into the Constitution of the Communist Party of China (Revised). [7]7 The 20th National Congress of the CPC was held in October 2022. The Central Economic Work Conference held in December 2023 explicitly regarded “must adhere to the benign interaction between high-quality development and high-level security” as a regular understanding for doing economic work well in the New Era. [8]8 The Central Economic Work Conference is an annual meeting of the CPC Central Committee that sets the economic policy agenda for the following year. In March 2025, during the 19th collective study session of the Political Bureau of the 20th Central Committee, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasised the need to “further establish the concept that development is the absolute principle and security is also the absolute principle.” [9]9 Collective study sessions of the Political Bureau are regular theoretical and policy study meetings of the top leadership body of the CPC. In October 2025, the Proposal further put forward “consolidating security in development and seeking development in security,” marking a leap in the understanding of the relationship between development and security from static interdependence to dynamic mutual promotion, thereby constructing a systematic and scientific theoretical system.

从理论演进脉络看，统筹发展和安全的思想植根于总体国家安全观，并在实践中不断丰富，日益凸显发展与安全的辩证统一关系。国家安全是安邦定国的重要基石，维护国家安全是全国各族人民根本利益所在。2014年4月，习近平总书记在中央国家安全委员会第一次会议上，创造性提出总体国家安全观，并对贯彻落实总体国家安全观提出明确要求，强调“发展是安全的基础，安全是发展的条件”。同年11月，习近平总书记在中央外事工作会议上提出统筹发展安全两件大事。此后，习近平总书记在多个重要场合深刻阐明发展和安全的辩证关系，并强调要统筹发展和安全。2017年10月，党的十九大将统筹发展和安全确立为“党治国理政的一个重大原则”。2020年10月，党的十九届五中全会将统筹发展和安全纳入“十四五”时期我国经济社会发展指导思想。2022年10月，党的二十大将其作为新时代党和国家事业发展的重大战略部署，并将其写入《中国共产党章程（修正案）》。2023年12月举行的中央经济工作会议明确把“必须坚持高质量发展和高水平安全良性互动”作为新时代做好经济工作的规律性认识。2025年3月，习近平总书记在二十届中央政治局第十九次集体学习时强调，要“进一步树立发展是硬道理、安全也是硬道理的理念”。2025年10月，《建议》进一步提出，“在发展中固安全，在安全中谋发展”，标志着对发展与安全关系的认识从静态依存跃升为动态互促，构建起系统科学的理论体系。

Viewed from theoretical innovation, the thought of coordinating development and security is not only an important innovation in economic development theory, but also a systematic deepening of national security theory, and a comprehensive expansion of social governance theory, embodying multiple theoretical values. Mainstream Western economics often regards security as an institutional prerequisite or external constraint, neglecting its essential attribute of being endogenous to the development process. The concept of “consolidating security in development and seeking development in security” treats security as an inherent constituent element and core goal of development, forming an endogenous theory of security development, emphasising that national resilience, system stability, and controllable risk are inherent requirements of high-quality development. Through a paradigm innovation in economic development theory, it provides scientific theoretical guidance for a super-large country to achieve sustainable development in a complex international environment. Especially against the backdrop of the deep restructuring of global industrial and supply chains and the rise of technological nationalism, this thought offers Chinese wisdom for late-developing countries on how to maintain autonomy in openness and how to consolidate the bottom line of security in development.

从理论创新看，统筹发展和安全的思想，既是对经济发展理论的重要创新，又是对国家安全理论的系统深化，还是对社会治理理论的全面拓展，体现了多重理论价值。西方主流经济学往往将安全视为制度前提或外部约束，忽视其内生于发展过程的本质属性。“在发展中固安全，在安全中谋发展”的理念，将安全作为发展的内在构成要素和核心目标，形成了内生性的安全发展理论，强调国家韧性、系统稳定与风险可控是高质量发展的题中应有之义。通过经济发展理论的范式革新，为超大规模国家在复杂国际环境中实现可持续发展提供了科学理论指导。特别是在全球产业链供应链深度重构、技术民族主义抬头的背景下，这一思想为后发国家如何在开放中维护自主性、在发展中筑牢安全底线提供了中国智慧。

The thought of coordinating development and security elevates security from traditional “defensive security” to “developmental security,” emphasising that security is not an obstacle to development, but a guarantee and driving force for development. National security theory has thus achieved an essential leap from “security as constraint” to “security as empowerment.” The thought of coordinating development and security introduces a dynamic and systematic view of risk governance, expanding social governance theory from multiple dimensions. This thought deeply integrates security into the entire process of social governance, enabling social governance to achieve a transformation from passive response to proactive risk prevention and resolution, enriching the target content of social governance; it expands social governance from traditional social order to emerging fields such as data security and privacy protection, reflecting the horizontal expansion of social governance; by emphasising the important supporting role of security for development, it stimulates the enthusiasm of business entities and social organisations to participate in security governance, promoting the transformation of social governance towards multi-party co-governance.

统筹发展和安全的思想将安全从传统的“防御性安全”提升为“发展型安全”，强调安全不是发展的阻碍，而是发展的保障和动力，国家安全理论由此实现了从“安全约束”到“安全赋能”的本质跃升。统筹发展和安全的思想引入了动态、系统的风险治理观，从多个维度拓展社会治理理论。这一思想将安全深度融入社会治理全过程，使社会治理实现了从被动应对到主动风险防范化解的转型，丰富了社会治理的目标内容；将社会治理从传统社会秩序扩展至数据安全与隐私保护等新兴领域，体现了社会治理的横向拓展；通过强调安全对发展的重要支撑作用，激发了经营主体、社会组织参与安全治理的积极性，推动了社会治理向多方共治的转型。

Viewed from the perspective of methodology, the thought of coordinating development and security not only adheres to the wholeness of systematic thinking, but also emphasises the dialectical nature of practice orientation, and highlights the dynamism of contradiction analysis. It is a brilliant model of adhering to and applying dialectical materialism and historical materialism. This thought regards development and security as an organic whole, opposing the separation and opposition of the two. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasises that “security and development are the two wings of one body and the twin wheels of one vehicle,” and that “security is the prerequisite for development, development is the guarantee of security, and security and development should be advanced simultaneously.” [10]10 This is a direct quotation from Xi Jinping, often used to illustrate the inseparable relationship between development and security. The unity of opposites in which development and security are interdependent and mutually transformative requires us to break away from the one-sided thinking of “valuing development over security” or “valuing security over development,” to establish a systematic concept, to strengthen strategic coordination, and to achieve a dynamic balance and mutual promotion between high-quality development and high-level security.

从方法论视角看，统筹发展和安全的思想既坚持系统思维的整体性，又强调实践导向的辩证性，还突出矛盾分析的动态性，是坚持和运用辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的光辉典范。这一思想将发展与安全视为有机整体，反对将二者割裂对立。习近平总书记强调，“安全和发展是一体之两翼、驱动之双轮”“安全是发展的前提，发展是安全的保障，安全和发展要同步推进”。发展和安全相互依存、相互转化的对立统一，要求我们必须跳出“重发展轻安全”或“重安全抑发展”的片面思维，树立系统观念，强化战略协同，实现高质量发展和高水平安全的动态平衡、相互促进。

The thought of coordinating development and security focuses on resolving contradictions from practice. Given the exceptionally complex nature of security issues in China’s development, integrating security into development and reflecting security requirements within development vividly demonstrates the practical character of this thought. The thought of coordinating development and security emphasises dynamically identifying, analysing, and resolving potential risks and hidden dangers in the practice of development, in order to achieve a long-term unity of development and security. This governance philosophy, which combines strategic initiative with risk defence, manifests the Communist Party of China’s superb political wisdom in managing complex situations, and also contributes the Chinese governance solution of “overall planning and dynamic balance” to global governance.

统筹发展和安全的思想，注重从实践出发解决矛盾。在我国发展中的安全问题异常复杂的情况下，把安全融入发展之中，在发展中体现安全要求，鲜明地体现了这一思想的实践品格。统筹发展和安全的思想，强调在发展实践中动态识别、分析和解决风险隐患，以实现发展与安全的长期统一。这种兼具战略主动性与风险防御性的治理哲学，彰显了中国共产党驾驭复杂局面的高超政治智慧，也为全球治理贡献了“统筹兼顾、动态平衡”的中国治理方案。

Important Progress in China’s Coordination of Development and Security in the New Era

新时代我国统筹发展和安全取得重要进展

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has made coordinating development and security a major principle for governing the country, promoting their deep integration and mutual reinforcement. After more than ten years of practice, China has not only achieved an effective improvement in the quality of the economy and a reasonable growth in its quantity, but has also held the bottom line of security under multiple unexpected shocks, demonstrating the powerful practical force of “consolidating security in development and seeking development in security.”

党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央将统筹发展和安全作为治国理政的重大原则，推动二者深度融合、互促共进。经过10余年实践，我国不仅实现了经济质的有效提升和量的合理增长，更在多重超预期冲击下守住了安全底线，彰显了“在发展中固安全，在安全中谋发展”的强大实践伟力。

Economic strength and the capacity for scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening have risen markedly, consolidating the material and technological foundation for national security. History and reality repeatedly prove that the enhancement of national strength is the most solid foundation for safeguarding national security. Only when a country possesses strong economic, scientific and technological, and defense capabilities, as well as comprehensive national power, can it effectively withstand external risk shocks and uphold its sovereignty, security, and development interests. In 2024, China’s gross domestic product reached 134.9 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 5.0%, ranking among the top major economies in terms of growth rate, and maintaining a contribution rate of around 30% to global economic growth, providing fundamental confidence for coping with external shocks. In 2024, per capita GDP reached US$13,445, holding steady above the US$12,000 threshold for four consecutive years, forming advantages from a super-large market scale and domestic demand potential, which constitutes the strategic depth for resisting risks. In 2024, the added value of China’s manufacturing industry accounted for nearly 30% of the global share, ranking first in the world for 15 consecutive years, encompassing 41 major industrial categories, 207 medium categories, and 666 small categories; the completeness and scale of the industrial system have become the “ballast stone” for coping with the risk of supply chain disruptions. At the same time, major breakthroughs have been achieved in scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening, cracking the “bottleneck” predicament. [11]11 “Bottleneck” (卡脖子) refers to critical technologies or components that are controlled by foreign entities, leaving China vulnerable to supply disruptions or technological blockades. In 2024, total societal R&D investment exceeded 3.6 trillion yuan, an increase of 48% compared with 2020, with R&D investment intensity reaching 2.68%, already higher than the average level of EU countries. Among this, basic research funding reached 249.7 billion yuan, an increase of over 70% compared with 2020. In multiple frontier fields such as quantum technology, life sciences, materials science, and space science, China has achieved a series of major original scientific research results. Furthermore, the number of high-level international journal papers and international patent applications has ranked first globally for five consecutive years.

经济实力与科技自立自强能力显著跃升，筑牢国家安全的物质技术根基。历史和现实反复证明，国家实力的增强是维护国家安全最坚实的基础。一个国家只有具备强大的经济实力、科技实力、国防实力和综合国力，才能有效抵御外部风险冲击，维护主权、安全和发展利益。2024年，我国国内生产总值达134.9万亿元，同比增长5.0%，增速居世界主要经济体前列，对全球经济增长的贡献率保持在30%左右，为应对外部冲击提供了根本底气。2024年，人均GDP达13445美元，连续4年站稳1.2万美元门槛，形成了超大规模市场优势和内需潜力，这是抵御风险的战略纵深。2024年，我国制造业增加值占全球比重近30%，连续15年位居世界第一，拥有41个工业大类、207个中类、666个小类，产业体系的完整性和规模性成为应对供应链中断风险的“压舱石”。与此同时，科技自立自强取得重大突破，破解“卡脖子”困境。2024年全社会研发投入超3.6万亿元，较2020年增长了48%，研发投入强度达到2.68%，已高于欧盟国家的平均水平。其中，基础研究经费达2497亿元，与2020年相比增幅超过70%。在量子科技、生命科学、物质科学和空间科学等多个前沿领域，我国取得了一系列重大原创性科研成果。此外，高水平国际期刊论文数量和国际专利申请量已连续5年位居全球第一。

The capacity for ensuring grain and energy resources has been systematically strengthened, firmly holding the bottom line of survival and development security. High-quality development is reflected not only in the enhancement of economic strength and the level of science and technology, but also in the capacity to guarantee the basic elements of national survival and development. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, China’s annual grain output has remained stable at over 1.3 trillion jin, reaching 1.43 trillion jin in 2025, with per capita grain possession exceeding 1,000 jin, significantly higher than the internationally recognized safety line of 800 jin, effectively ensuring basic self-sufficiency in grains and absolute security in rations. As of now, the country has cumulatively built over 1 billion mu of high-standard farmland, the contribution rate of agricultural scientific and technological progress has reached 63.2%, the comprehensive mechanization rate of crop cultivation, sowing, and harvesting exceeds 75%, and the coverage rate of improved seed varieties remains above 96%. Not only has grain output increased, but the reserve system, emergency response system, and regulation and control system have also become more robust, with the “firewall” against international grain price fluctuations continuously reinforced. At the same time, the capacity for ensuring energy security has significantly improved. In 2024, China’s annual comprehensive energy production capacity reached 4.98 billion tons of standard coal, with the energy self-sufficiency rate maintained above 80%. As of the end of July 2025, the installed capacity of renewable energy reached 2.17 billion kilowatts, firmly ranking first globally, including 570 million kilowatts of wind power and over 1.1 billion kilowatts of solar power, achieving double the growth compared with the end of the 13th Five-Year Plan period, with the proportion of non-fossil energy installed capacity historically exceeding 60%. Against the backdrop of a crude oil external dependence ratio exceeding 70%, through multiple measures such as diversified import channels, strategic reserve system construction, and an energy consumption revolution, China has effectively hedged against the impact of geopolitical conflicts on energy supply, achieving coordinated progress in clean, low-carbon transformation and secure supply assurance.

粮食与能源资源保障能力系统性强化，牢牢守住生存发展安全底线。高质量发展不仅体现在经济实力与科技水平的提升上，更体现在对国家生存与发展基本要素的保障能力上。“十四五”时期，我国粮食年产量持续稳定在1.3万亿斤以上，2025年达到1.43万亿斤，人均粮食占有量已超过1000斤，大幅高于国际公认的800斤安全线，切实保障了谷物基本自给和口粮绝对安全。截至目前，全国累计建成高标准农田逾10亿亩，农业科技进步贡献率达63.2%，农作物耕种收综合机械化率超过75%，良种覆盖率保持在96%以上。不仅粮食产量提升，储备体系、应急体系、调控体系也更加健全，应对国际粮价波动的“防火墙”持续加固。与此同时，能源安全保障能力显著提升。2024年，我国能源年综合生产能力达到了49.8亿吨标准煤，能源自给率保持在80%以上。截至2025年7月底，可再生能源装机规模达21.7亿千瓦，稳居全球首位，其中风电5.7亿千瓦、光伏超11亿千瓦，较“十三五”末实现翻倍增长，非化石能源装机占比历史性突破60%。在原油对外依存度超70%的背景下，通过多元化进口渠道、战略储备体系建设、能源消费革命等多措并举，我国有效对冲了地缘政治冲突对能源供应的冲击，清洁低碳转型与安全供应保障实现协同推进。

The resilience and competitiveness of the industrial and supply chains have been significantly enhanced, effectively coping with the risk of external containment. Security is the prerequisite for development; without a secure and stable environment, any development is out of the question. Facing the pressure of technological blockade from the United States and the West and the restructuring of global supply chains, China has accelerated the construction of an autonomous, controllable, safe, and efficient modern industrial system. In key fields such as integrated circuits, industrial machine tools, and advanced materials, a “chain chief system” [12]12 The “chain chief system” (链长制) is a governance mechanism in which senior officials are designated as “chain chiefs” responsible for coordinating the development and security of specific industrial supply chains. has been implemented, promoting coordinated upstream and downstream efforts to tackle challenges. Domestic operating systems and databases have achieved large-scale application in key industries, and the ecosystem of the information technology application innovation industry has accelerated its maturation. In fields such as aerospace, deep-sea exploration, and high-end medical equipment, a number of “long-board” industries have continuously enhanced their international competitiveness, becoming strategic fulcrums for countering external suppression.

产业链供应链韧性与竞争力显著增强，有效应对外部遏制风险。安全是发展的前提，没有安全稳定的环境，任何发展都无从谈起。面对美西方技术封锁和全球供应链重构压力，我国加快构建自主可控、安全高效的现代化产业体系。集成电路、工业母机、先进材料等关键领域实施“链长制”，推动上下游协同攻关。国产操作系统、数据库在重点行业实现规模化应用，信息技术应用创新产业生态加速成熟。在航天航空、深海探测、高端医疗器械等领域，一批“长板”产业国际竞争力持续增强，成为反制外部打压的战略支点。

The construction of a new security architecture has been comprehensively advanced, escorting high-quality development. Building a new security architecture is a strategic choice for promoting high-quality development and a solid guarantee for supporting Chinese-path modernization with high-level security. First, the national security system has achieved a systematic restructuring. The Central National Security Commission has further strengthened the Party’s centralized, unified leadership; coordination mechanisms for national security work in key areas such as the economy, science and technology, finance, data, and artificial intelligence operate efficiently; and a collaborative pattern of “the whole country as a single chessboard” has basically taken shape. Second, substantial progress has been made in resolving major risks. Financial risks are generally controllable; as of the end of 2024, China’s government debt-to-GDP ratio was 68.7%. According to a report released by the International Monetary Fund in April 2025, the average government debt-to-GDP ratio of G20 countries was 118.2%. Overall, China’s government debt ratio is within a reasonable range, and risks are safe and controllable; compared with the beginning of 2023, as of the end of June 2025, the number of financing platforms decreased by over 60%, and the scale of financial debt decreased by over 50%; real estate market policies have been optimized and adjusted, with rigid and improvement-oriented housing demand gradually being released, and the real estate market continuing its stabilization trend; the work safety situation has continuously improved; in 2025, the number of work safety accidents and deaths nationwide decreased by 9.4% and 7.7% year-on-year, respectively; the number of people affected by natural disasters and the number of deaths and missing persons due to disasters decreased by 28.8% and 10.9% year-on-year, respectively, and the number of major and extraordinarily serious accidents was kept in the single digits. Third, the level of social governance and public security has been comprehensively improved. In 2025, the number of criminal cases filed by public security organs nationwide decreased by 12.8% year-on-year, setting a new low since the beginning of this century; in 2024, the number of cases accepted for review and prosecution by procuratorial organs decreased by 14.3% year-on-year; and the number of registered public petitions decreased by 29.1% year-on-year. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, the “Fengqiao Experience” in the New Era [13]13 The “Fengqiao Experience” (枫桥经验) originated in the 1960s in Fengqiao, Zhejiang Province, as a model for resolving conflicts at the grassroots level through mass line methods; it was revived and promoted in the New Era as a framework for social governance. was upheld and developed, and an urban-rural grassroots governance system combining self-governance, rule of law, and rule of virtue under the leadership of Party organizations has basically taken shape. In some regions, grassroots governance platforms relying on grid-based management, refined services, and information technology support have achieved positive results, and the community governance system has been continuously improved, providing strong support for the early identification and on-site resolution of conflicts and disputes.

新安全格局建设全面推进，为高质量发展保驾护航。构建新安全格局是推进高质量发展的战略选择，也是以高水平安全支撑中国式现代化的坚实保障。一是国家安全体系实现系统性重构。中央国家安全委员会进一步强化党的集中统一领导，经济、科技、金融、数据、人工智能等重点领域国家安全工作协调机制高效运转，“全国一盘棋”的协同格局基本形成。二是重大风险化解取得实质性进展。金融风险总体可控，截至2024年末，我国政府负债率为68.7%。根据国际货币基金组织2025年4月发布的报告，G20国家平均政府负债率118.2%。总体看，我国政府负债率处于合理区间，风险安全可控；相较于2023年初，截至2025年6月末，融资平台数量下降超过60%，金融债务规模下降超过50%；优化调整房地产市场政策，刚性和改善性住房需求逐步释放，房地产市场延续回稳态势；安全生产状况不断改善，2025年，全国生产安全事故起数和死亡人数同比分别下降9.4%、7.7%；自然灾害受灾人次、因灾死亡失踪人数同比分别下降28.8%、10.9%，重特大事故起数稳控在个位数。三是社会治理与公共安全水平全面提升。2025年，全国公安机关共立刑事案件数同比下降12.8%，再创本世纪以来新低；2024年，检察机关受理审查起诉同比下降14.3%；登记群众信访同比下降29.1%。“十四五”时期，新时代“枫桥经验”得到坚持和发展，党组织领导的自治、法治、德治相结合的城乡基层治理体系已基本形成。在部分地区，依托网格化管理、精细化服务和信息化支撑的基层治理平台已取得积极成效，社区治理体系不断完善，为矛盾纠纷的早期识别和就地化解提供了有力支撑。

While fully affirming the historic achievements in coordinating development and security, it must also be clearly recognized that China’s development process still faces many old problems and new challenges. The impact of changes in the external environment is deepening, there are many risk hazards in key areas, the risk of being “bottlenecked” in key core technologies still exists, and the degree of external dependence in some high-end chips, basic industrial software, and precision instruments and equipment remains relatively high. The resilience of the industrial and supply chains needs further improvement; problems such as homogenization of regional layouts and insufficient emergency backup capacity still exist in some areas. Risks and hazards in areas such as finance, real estate, and local government debt are intertwined and superimposed, and preventing systemic risks still requires sustained attention and prudent response. Rule systems and regulatory capacity in emerging fields such as artificial intelligence, cross-border data flows, and biosecurity are not yet fully developed. This reminds us that coordinating development and security is not a static balance achieved once and for all, but a long-term strategic task that requires continuous deepening and dynamic optimization.

在充分肯定统筹发展和安全所取得的历史性成就的同时，也必须清醒认识到，我国发展过程中仍面临不少老问题和新挑战，外部环境变化影响加深，重点领域风险隐患较多，关键核心技术被“卡脖子”的风险依然存在，部分高端芯片、基础工业软件以及精密仪器设备对外依赖程度还比较高。产业链供应链韧性有待进一步提升，区域布局同质化、应急备份能力不足等问题在部分地区依然存在。金融、房地产、地方政府债务等领域风险隐患交织叠加，防范系统性风险仍需持续关注和稳妥应对。新兴领域如人工智能、数据跨境流动、生物安全等规则体系和监管能力尚不健全。这提醒我们，统筹发展和安全不是一劳永逸的静态平衡，而是一项需要持续深化、动态优化的长期战略任务。

The Realistic Path for Adhering to the Coordination of Development and Security during the 15th Five-Year Plan Period

“十五五”时期坚持统筹发展和安全的现实路径

During the period of the 14th Five-Year Plan [14]14 The 14th Five-Year Plan (2021–2025) is China’s national economic and social development plan. The text refers to the period of its implementation, which extends into the mid-2020s., faced with the complex and volatile international situation and the arduous and heavy tasks of domestic reform, development, and stability, we must resolutely implement General Secretary Xi Jinping’s repeatedly emphasized important requirements such as “adhering to a systems perspective,” “strengthening bottom-line thinking,” and “accelerating the formation of new quality productive forces.” We must persist in coordinating development and security, accelerate the construction of a new security framework compatible with the new pattern of development, be adept at both consolidating the foundations of security in development and expanding the space for development through security barriers, thereby providing strong support for comprehensively advancing the building of a strong country and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization.

“十五五”时期，面对纷繁复杂的国际形势和艰巨繁重的国内改革发展稳定任务，我们要坚决贯彻落实习近平总书记反复强调的“坚持系统观念”“强化底线思维”“加快形成新质生产力”等重要要求，坚持统筹发展和安全，加快构建与新发展格局相适应的新安全格局，既善于在发展中夯实安全根基，又善于以安全屏障拓展发展空间，为以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业提供有力支撑。

Consolidate the foundations of national security by building a modern industrial system. The modern economy is a complex network of highly specialized division of labor and cooperation; a rupture in any link can trigger systemic risks. In recent years, factors such as geopolitical conflicts, natural disasters, and public health incidents have severely impacted the stability of global industrial and supply chains. As the world’s largest manufacturing country and largest trader of goods, China is deeply integrated into the global division of labor system. Some key raw materials, core components, and high-end equipment still rely on imports, rendering the industrial and supply chains somewhat vulnerable. Therefore, the Proposal [15]15 “The Proposal” refers to the Central Committee of the CPC’s Proposal for Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan (2026–2030), which is under discussion or recently issued at the time of writing. states that we must persist in focusing economic development on the real economy, maintain a reasonable proportion of manufacturing, and build a modern industrial system with advanced manufacturing as the backbone. On the one hand, we should focus on key industries related to national security and the lifeline of the national economy, such as mining, metallurgy, chemicals, machinery, and shipbuilding, accelerate efforts to shore up weaknesses in industrial and supply chains, enhance their level of independent control, strengthen the rebuilding of the industrial foundation and the tackling of major technical equipment, and promote technological transformation and upgrading. On the other hand, we should consolidate and enhance China’s existing advantages in fields such as new energy, new materials, aerospace, and the low-altitude economy, and accelerate the creation of industrial chains that are more innovative, have higher added value, and are safer and more reliable. At the same time, we need to prospectively lay out future industries, focusing on developing directions such as quantum technology, biomanufacturing, hydrogen energy and nuclear fusion energy, brain-computer interfaces, embodied intelligence, and sixth-generation mobile communications, and promote the high-quality construction of national pilot zones for future industries. We should promote the synergistic linkage of upstream and downstream industrial chains, facilitate the integrated development of large, medium, and small enterprises, encourage enterprises to take the lead in forming innovation consortia, strengthen the principal role of enterprises in innovation, and comprehensively enhance the overall resilience and risk resistance of the industrial chain. By building an independent, controllable, safe, and efficient modern industrial system, we provide a solid guarantee for national economic security.

以现代化产业体系建设夯实国家安全的根基。现代经济是高度分工协作的复杂网络，任何一个环节的断裂都可能引发系统性风险。近年来，受地缘政治冲突、自然灾害、公共卫生事件等因素影响，全球产业链供应链稳定性受到严重冲击。我国作为世界第一制造大国和货物贸易大国，深度融入全球分工体系，部分关键原材料、核心零部件、高端装备仍依赖进口，产业链供应链存在一定脆弱性。因此，《建议》提出，坚持把发展经济的着力点放在实体经济上，保持制造业合理比重，构建以先进制造业为骨干的现代化产业体系。一方面，应聚焦关系国家安全和国民经济命脉的重点产业，如矿业、冶金、化工、机械和船舶等领域，加速弥补产业链供应链短板，提升其自主可控水平，强化产业基础再造和重大技术装备攻关，推进技术改造与升级；另一方面，应巩固并增强我国在新能源、新材料、航空航天、低空经济等领域的既有优势，加快打造创新更加活跃、附加值更高、安全可靠性更强的产业链。同时，需前瞻布局未来产业，重点发展量子科技、生物制造、氢能与核聚变能、脑机接口、具身智能、第六代移动通信等方向，高质量推进国家未来产业先导区建设。促进产业链上下游协同联动，推动大中小企业融通发展，鼓励企业牵头组建创新联合体，强化企业创新主体地位，全面提升产业链整体韧性和抗风险能力。通过构建自主可控、安全高效的现代化产业体系，为国家经济安全提供坚实保障。

Strengthen the strategic support for national security through high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening. Currently, global scientific and technological innovation has entered an unprecedentedly intensive and active phase. A new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation is profoundly reshaping the global innovation landscape and economic structure. Whoever can firmly grasp the key lever of scientific and technological innovation and take the lead in playing this first move will seize the initiative and win the development advantage. In recent years, the suppression and containment of China’s high-tech enterprises by the United States and other Western countries have exposed the “bottleneck” problems that still exist in some key core technology areas. This warns us that key core technologies cannot be obtained by asking, buying, or begging; we must firmly hold the lifeline of technology in our own hands. The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC [16]16 The 20th National Congress of the CPC was held in October 2022, where Xi Jinping delivered a report outlining the Party’s strategic goals for the next five years and beyond. established “achieving high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening” as a strategic support for national development. The Proposal further emphasizes the need to “accelerate high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening, and lead the development of new quality productive forces.” During the period of the 14th Five-Year Plan, we must continue to improve the new nationwide system for mobilizing resources, strengthen the national strategic scientific and technological forces, optimize the allocation of innovation resources, and significantly enhance the overall efficiency of the national innovation system. We should strengthen the strategic, forward-looking, and systematic layout of basic research, increase long-term stable support, strive for original breakthroughs “from 0 to 1” in more key fields, promote the deep integration and efficient coordination of the innovation chain, industrial chain, capital chain, and talent chain, and comprehensively improve the efficiency of transforming scientific and technological achievements into practical productive forces and the level of industrialization. At the same time, we should create an institutional environment and cultural ecology conducive to original innovation, fully stimulating the innovation potential of various talents. Only in this way can we firmly grasp the development initiative in key fields such as integrated circuits, industrial machine tools, high-end instruments, basic software, advanced materials, and biomanufacturing, effectively prevent and respond to the risks of technological blockade and supply chain disruption, and consolidate the security foundation for national development.

以高水平科技自立自强强化国家安全的战略支撑。当前，全球科技创新进入前所未有的密集活跃阶段，新一轮科技革命和产业变革正在深刻重塑全球创新格局和经济结构。谁能牢牢把握住科技创新这个关键抓手，率先落好科技创新这步先手棋，谁就能占领先机、赢得发展主动权。近年来，美国等西方国家对我国高科技企业实施打压遏制，暴露出我国在一些关键核心技术领域仍存在“卡脖子”问题。这警示我们，关键核心技术是要不来、买不来、讨不来的，必须把科技的命脉牢牢掌握在自己手中。党的二十大报告将“实现高水平科技自立自强”作为国家发展的战略支撑，《建议》进一步强调要“加快高水平科技自立自强，引领发展新质生产力”。“十五五”时期，要持续完善新型举国体制，强化国家战略科技力量，优化创新资源的配置方式，显著提升国家创新体系的整体效能。加强对基础研究的战略性、前瞻性与系统性布局，加大长期稳定支持力度，力争在更多关键领域实现“从0到1”的原创性突破，推动创新链、产业链、资金链、人才链深度融合与高效协同，全面提升科技成果向现实生产力转化的效率及产业化水平。同时，营造有利于原始创新的制度环境与文化生态，充分激发各类人才的创新潜能。唯有如此，才能在集成电路、工业母机、高端仪器、基础软件、先进材料、生物制造等关键领域牢牢掌握发展主动权，有效防范和应对技术封锁与供应链中断风险，筑牢国家发展的安全根基。

Activate the momentum for high-quality development through the national security system. Development requires a secure environment, and security escorts development. Whether major risks can be effectively prevented and resolved directly affects the effectiveness of China’s economic and social development and the process of Chinese-path modernization. The Proposal states, “Unswervingly implement a holistic approach to national security” and “Consolidate a centralized, unified, efficient, and authoritative national security leadership system.” During the period of the 14th Five-Year Plan, we must focus on building a systematic, complete, scientifically standardized, and effectively operating national security institutional system. We should optimize the coordination mechanism for key security areas and major special projects, implement the responsibility system, and promote the efficient connection and systematic integration of various links and elements. We should improve the governance framework for foreign-related security, accelerate the layout of overseas risk prevention and control networks, forge practical capabilities to respond to external containment and interference, expand cross-border law enforcement cooperation, and provide strong support for improving global security governance.

以国家安全体系激活高质量发展动能。发展需要安全的环境，安全为发展保驾护航。能否有效防范化解重大风险，直接关系到我国经济社会发展成效和中国式现代化进程。《建议》提出，“坚定不移贯彻总体国家安全观”“巩固集中统一、高效权威的国家安全领导体制”。“十五五”时期，要着力构建系统完备、科学规范、运行有效的国家安全制度体系。优化重点安全领域与重大专项的统筹协调机制，落实责任体系，推动各环节、各要素高效衔接与系统整合。完善涉外安全治理架构，加快布局海外风险防控网络，锻造应对外部遏制与干预的实战能力，拓展跨境执法协作，为完善全球安全治理提供有力支撑。

Enhance development resilience by strengthening national security capacity building in key areas. The Proposal states, “Building a Safe China is an important part of Chinese-path modernization.” Forging practical and usable national security capabilities, the primary task is to defend political security, ensuring the security of state power, the security of the system, and the overall stability of society. At the same time, we must focus on major security areas upon which the healthy operation of the economy and the people’s peaceful life depend, consolidating the foundation for national development. Specifically, we must resolutely guard the bottom-line tasks of food, energy and resources, industrial and supply chains, and the security of major infrastructure. We should systematically strengthen the exploration, development, and reserves of strategic mineral resources, improve the intensive and safe use of water resources, ensure the smooth flow of strategic sea and land corridors, and steadily advance the construction of national strategic hinterlands and the backup layout of key industries. Facing the accelerating evolution of the technological revolution, we need to prospectively plan and systematically build protective capabilities in emerging fields such as networks, data, artificial intelligence, biology, ecology, nuclear, space, deep sea, polar regions, and the low-altitude economy, seizing future strategic commanding heights. In response to the prominent risks in the current economic and financial fields, we should coordinate and prudently resolve risks and hidden dangers in areas such as real estate, local government debt, and small and medium-sized financial institutions, strictly preventing the cross-domain transmission of risks. Focusing on key links such as production operations and food and drug safety, we should comprehensively improve the intrinsic safety level of key infrastructure such as transportation, energy, and communications, and curb the occurrence of major and extraordinarily serious accidents at the source. At the level of cyberspace, we need to deepen comprehensive governance, strengthen the protection of personal information, and actively respond to the public’s new expectations and concerns about security in the digital era.

以加强重点领域国家安全能力建设增强发展韧性。《建议》提出，“建设平安中国是中国式现代化的重要内容。”锻造实战实用的国家安全能力，首要任务是捍卫政治安全，确保国家政权安全、制度安全和社会大局稳定；同时聚焦经济健康运行和人民安居乐业所依赖的重大安全领域，夯实国家发展根基。具体而言，必须坚决守牢粮食、能源资源、产业链供应链及重大基础设施安全等底线任务。系统强化战略性矿产资源的勘探开发和储备，提高水资源集约安全利用水平，保障海上与陆上等战略通道畅通，稳步推进国家战略腹地建设和关键产业备份布局。面对科技革命加速演进态势，需前瞻谋划并系统构建网络、数据、人工智能、生物、生态、核、太空、深海、极地、低空等新兴领域的防护能力，抢占未来战略制高点。针对当前经济金融领域的突出风险，应统筹协调、稳妥化解房地产、地方政府债务和中小金融机构等领域的风险隐患，严防风险跨域传导。聚焦生产作业、食品药品安全等关键环节，全面提升交通、能源、通信等重点基础设施的本质安全水平，从源头遏制重特大事故发生。在网络空间层面，需深化综合治理，强化个人信息保护，积极回应数字时代公众对安全的新期待与新关切。

(The authors are respectively a specially invited researcher of the Research Center for Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, and an associate researcher of the Institute of Industrial Economics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)

（作者分别为中国社会科学院习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究中心特约研究员，中国社会科学院工业经济研究所副研究员）

Online Editor: Huihui

网络编辑：慧慧