Vigorously Stimulate the Innovation Vitality of the Digital Economy

The digital economy is the future direction of global development and is becoming a key force in reorganizing global factor resources, reshaping the global economic structure, and changing the global competitive landscape. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, “In the current era, digital technology, as a leading force in the world’s scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, is increasingly integrated into all fields and processes of economic and social development, profoundly changing modes of production, lifestyles, and social governance,” and emphasized the need to “stimulate the vitality of the digital economy.” [1]1 Xi Jinping, current General Secretary of the Communist Party of China Central The “Proposal of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development” [2]2 DEPA: the Digital Economy Partnership Agreement, a multilateral agreement initiated by Singapore, New Zealand, and Chile in 2020 to establish rules for digital trade and data flows. emphasizes the need to “promote the deep integration of the real economy and the digital economy.” Currently, the speed of development, breadth of radiation, and depth of impact of the digital economy are unprecedented. We must seize this opportunity, vigorously stimulate the innovation vitality of the digital economy, and fully leverage its important role in empowering the real economy and promoting high-quality development.

数字经济是全球未来的发展方向，正在成为重组全球要素资源、重塑全球经济结构、改变全球竞争格局的关键力量。习近平总书记指出，“当今时代，数字技术作为世界科技革命和产业变革的先导力量，日益融入经济社会发展各领域全过程，深刻改变着生产方式、生活方式和社会治理方式”，强调要“激发数字经济活力”。《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十五个五年规划的建议》强调要“促进实体经济和数字经济深度融合”。当前，数字经济发展速度之快、辐射范围之广、影响程度之深前所未有。我们必须紧抓这一机遇，大力激发数字经济创新活力，充分发挥其在赋能实体经济、推动高质量发展等方面的重要作用。

1. Strengthen the Tackling of Key Core Technologies and Master the Autonomy of Digital Economy Development

1.加强关键核心技术攻关，掌握数字经济发展自主权

Key core technologies are the foundational support of the digital economy, and their degree of autonomy determines a country’s resilience and competitive initiative in digital economy development. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized, “Win the battle against key core technologies, achieve a high level of self-reliance and self-strengthening as soon as possible, and firmly grasp the autonomy of digital economy development in our own hands.” First, fully leverage the unique advantages of the new nationwide system for mobilizing resources. [3] Key core technologies have prominent characteristics such as high investment, long cycles, complexity, strategic importance, and monopoly. The advantage of the new nationwide system for mobilizing resources lies in achieving an organic coupling between an effective government and an efficient market, providing a solid guarantee for winning the battle against key core technologies. It is necessary to leverage the strong mobilization capacity of the new nationwide system, strengthen strategic scientific and technological forces, accelerate the organization, implementation, and forward-looking layout of major scientific and technological projects, strengthen the strategic, forward-looking, and systematic layout of basic research, and pool forces to promote original, leading, and disruptive digital technology innovation. Second, accelerate the transformation and application of major scientific and technological achievements. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, “Only when scientific and technological achievements are combined with national needs, people’s demands, and market demands, completing the triple jump from scientific research, experimental development, to promotion and application, can they truly realize innovation value and achieve innovation-driven development.” Efficient achievement transformation plays an important role in feeding back into the tackling of key core technologies. It can quickly expose and accelerate the resolution of practical bottlenecks such as engineering and reliability encountered in the process of technology moving towards products, and transmit market and application demands back to the research and development stage, enhancing the sustainability of the tackling efforts. Therefore, it is necessary to accelerate the transformation and application of major scientific and technological achievements, accelerate the layout of concept verification and pilot testing platforms, and form a service network covering the entire chain of achievement transformation, including experimental verification and market matching. Third, leverage the leading role of leading science and technology enterprises. Leading science and technology enterprises are not only technology suppliers but also organizers of innovation networks and platforms for resource integration. It is necessary to institutionally ensure their deep participation in national scientific and technological innovation decision-making, undertaking major scientific and technological projects, and support them in leading the formation of innovation consortia, promoting the optimal allocation and dynamic aggregation of elements such as knowledge, talent, and capital, and stimulating the technological innovation vitality of the entire society.

关键核心技术是数字经济的基础性支撑，其自主程度决定国家数字经济的发展韧性与竞争主动权。习近平总书记强调，“打好关键核心技术攻坚战，尽快实现高水平自立自强，把发展数字经济自主权牢牢掌握在自己手中”。一是充分发挥新型举国体制的独特优势。关键核心技术具有高投入、长周期、复杂性、战略性和垄断性等突出特点。新型举国体制的优势在于实现有为政府与有效市场的有机耦合，为打赢关键核心技术攻坚战提供坚实保障。要发挥新型举国体制的强大动员能力，强化战略科技力量，加快组织实施和超前布局重大科技项目，加强基础研究战略性、前瞻性、体系化布局，汇聚力量推动原创性、引领性、颠覆性的数字技术创新。二是加快重大科技成果的转化应用。习近平总书记指出，“科技成果只有同国家需要、人民要求、市场需求相结合，完成从科学研究、实验开发、推广应用的三级跳，才能真正实现创新价值、实现创新驱动发展”。高效的成果转化对关键核心技术攻关具有重要的反哺作用。它能快速暴露并加速破解技术迈向产品过程中遇到的工程化、可靠性等现实瓶颈，将市场和应用需求反向传导至研发阶段，增强攻关的可持续性。因此，应加快重大科技成果转化应用，加速布局概念验证和中试平台，形成覆盖试验验证、市场对接等成果转化全链条的服务网络。三是发挥科技领军企业的龙头作用。科技领军企业是技术供给者，更是创新网络的组织者与资源整合平台。应从制度上保障其深度参与国家科技创新决策、承担重大科技项目，并支持其牵头组建创新联合体，推动知识、人才、资金等要素的优化配置与动态聚合，激发全社会技术创新活力。

2. Release the Value of Data Elements and Cultivate the Growth Momentum of the Digital Economy

2.释放数据要素价值，培育数字经济增长动能

Data is the fifth major factor of production after land, labor, capital, and technology, and is also the core factor of production in the digital economy. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized, “Build a digital economy with data as the key element.” The full release of the value of massive data will have a value-amplifying, superimposing, and multiplying effect on the efficiency of other factors, directly affecting the innovation vitality of the digital economy. Strengthen the supply of data elements. Establish and improve the national public data resource system, promote the construction of high-quality data sets, encourage public data entities and professional data merchants to cooperatively develop data resources, and enhance the supply of high-value data resources; under the premise of ensuring data security and user privacy, mobilize multiple forces such as enterprises, industry associations, and scientific research institutions to focus on key industries to develop standardized and usable high-value data resources; at the same time, strengthen the cultivation of data element-based enterprises, and encourage market forces to tap into specialized and personalized commercial data. Promote the circulation of data elements. Data infrastructure can provide strong computing power support for data circulation and transactions. It is necessary to coordinate the layout of high-performance computing power infrastructure and build an integrated computing power resource sharing platform; an open, shared, and secure national integrated data market can build a core hub for the market-oriented circulation of data. It is necessary to fully leverage the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, better play the role of the government, take market mechanisms as the core driving force for the circulation, pricing, and distribution of data elements, accelerate the construction of a national market trading system that is layered, graded, and combines on-exchange and off-exchange mechanisms, and innovate and enrich circulation and trading service models; precisely crack down on data black market transactions, promote the orderly development of the data element circulation service industry, and promote the smooth flow of digital elements within a larger region. Deepen the utilization of data elements. Leverage the multiplier effect of data elements, promote the application of data in industries such as industrial manufacturing, transportation, financial services, and green and low-carbon sectors, and let data deeply empower the real economy; systematically strengthen the construction of trusted data spaces, promote the integration and sharing of data resources, and transform the value of data elements into the driving force for high-quality development.

数据是继土地、劳动力、资本、技术之后的第五大生产要素，也是数字经济的核心生产要素。习近平总书记强调，“要构建以数据为关键要素的数字经济”。海量数据价值的充分释放将对其他要素效率产生价值放大、叠加与倍增作用，直接影响数字经济创新活力。强化数据要素供给。建立健全国家公共数据资源体系，推动高质量数据集建设，鼓励公共数据主体与专业数商合作开发数据资源，增强高价值数据资源的供给；在保障数据安全、用户隐私的前提下，调动企业、行业协会、科研机构等多方力量聚焦重点行业开发标准化、可利用的高价值数据资源；同时，加强数据要素型企业培育，鼓励市场力量挖掘专业化、个性化商业数据。促进数据要素流通。数据基础设施可为数据流通交易提供强大算力支撑，应统筹高性能算力基础设施布局，建设集成式算力资源共享平台；开放共享安全的全国一体化数据市场可为数据市场化流通构建核心枢纽，要充分发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用，更好发挥政府作用，将市场机制作为数据要素流通、定价与分配的核心驱动力，加快构建分层分级、场内场外结合的全国市场交易体系，创新和丰富流通交易服务模式；精准打击数据黑市交易，推动数据要素流通服务产业有序发展，促进数字要素在更大区域内畅通流动。深化数据要素利用。发挥数据要素的乘数效应，推动数据在工业制造、交通运输、金融服务、绿色低碳等行业运用，让数据深度赋能实体经济；系统加强可信数据空间建设，推进数据资源整合共享，将数据要素价值转化为驱动高质量发展的动能。

3. Fully Implement the “Artificial Intelligence+” Action and Enrich the Application Scenarios of the Digital Economy

3.全面实施“人工智能+”行动，丰富数字经济应用场景

Currently, artificial intelligence is restructuring the industrial ecology and expanding the growth space of the digital economy. Its application pushes the manufacturing industry beyond traditional automation into a new stage of intelligence. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, “Artificial intelligence is a strategic technology leading this round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, with a strong ‘bellwether’ effect of spillover and driving force.” [4] It is necessary to fully implement the “Artificial Intelligence+” action, promote the deep empowerment of thousands of industries by artificial intelligence, and effectively advance industrial digitalization and digital industrialization. On the one hand, release the deep activation effect of artificial intelligence on traditional industries. Deeply integrate artificial intelligence technology with China’s strong manufacturing base and market advantages, widely and deeply apply digital-intelligent technology to promote the transformation and equipment renewal of traditional industries, and fully leverage the innovation-leading and industry-empowering role of artificial intelligence. Connect data and intelligence, break down industrial boundaries, spawn new business forms and new industrial clusters, channel innovation vitality to a broader industrial hinterland, and promote the deep integration of the digital economy and the real economy. On the other hand, vigorously expand the application scenarios of artificial intelligence. To stimulate the innovation vitality of the digital economy, it is necessary to allow the innovative value of artificial intelligence to be verified and sublimated through interaction and stimulation with application scenarios. China is the only country in the world with all industrial categories in the United Nations industrial classification, possessing a complete and diverse application ecosystem, which can provide the best testing ground for the iteration of artificial intelligence technology. Currently, China has released over 1,500 industry models, covering 50 key industry fields and more than 700 scenarios. Therefore, it is necessary to seize the commanding heights of artificial intelligence industry application, further support the widespread application of large artificial intelligence models in vertical fields, promote the deep embedding of artificial intelligence into the entire process of R&D design, production control, and supply chain management, build benchmark scenarios such as smart diagnosis and treatment, smart shopping guidance, and smart container transportation, and encourage leading enterprises to build smart factories and smart supply chains, thereby driving the overall digital transformation of the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain.

当前，人工智能正重构产业生态、拓展数字经济增长空间，其应用推动制造业超越传统自动化迈向智能化新阶段。习近平总书记指出，“人工智能是引领这一轮科技革命和产业变革的战略性技术，具有溢出带动性很强的‘头雁’效应”。要全面实施“人工智能+”行动，推动人工智能深度赋能千行百业，有力推进产业数字化与数字产业化进程。一方面，释放人工智能对传统产业的深度激活效应。将人工智能技术与我国强大的制造基础、市场优势深度融合，广泛深入运用数智技术推动传统产业改造和设备更新，充分发挥人工智能的创新引领和产业赋能作用。贯通数据与智能，打破产业边界，催生新业态与新产业集群，将创新活力引向更广阔的产业腹地，推动数字经济与实体经济深度融合。另一方面，大力拓展人工智能应用场景。激发数字经济创新活力，需让人工智能的创新价值在与应用场景的交互激发中验证升华。我国是全球唯一拥有联合国产业分类中全部工业门类的国家，具备类别齐全、层次多样的应用生态，可以为人工智能技术迭代提供最佳试验场。当前，我国已发布超1500个行业模型，覆盖50个重点行业领域、700余个场景。因此，应抢占人工智能产业应用制高点，进一步支持人工智能大模型在垂直领域的广泛应用，推动人工智能深度嵌入研发设计、生产控制与供应链管理等全流程，构建智慧诊疗、智慧导购、智能集装箱运输等标杆场景，鼓励龙头企业打造智能工厂和智能供应链，以带动产业链上下游整体数字化转型。

4. Expand High-Level Opening Up and Broaden the Development Space of the Digital Economy

4.扩大高水平对外开放，拓展数字经济发展空间

Openness is a distinctive hallmark of Chinese-path modernization. General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out that “China’s resolve to expand high-standard opening up will not change, and the door of China’s opening up will only open wider and wider.” Expanding high-standard opening up to the outside world and comprehensively broadening the development space of the digital economy are of fundamental, overall, and strategic value for unleashing the innovation vitality of the digital economy. First, vigorously promote opening up in the digital domain. Strengthen policy innovation and cross-departmental, cross-field, and cross-industry overall coordination, orderly promote opening up in key areas, attract global high-quality capital, advanced technology, and high-end talent to converge, make efforts to break down various hidden barriers, and create a stable, fair, transparent, and predictable open environment; make full use of high-level global cooperation platforms in the digital domain, continue to successfully host the World Internet Conference Wuzhen Summit, the Global Digital Economy Conference, the World Artificial Intelligence Conference, and the China International Fair for Trade in Services, building bridges for the digital economy to “bring in” and “go global”; in particular, build the “Digital Silk Road” with high quality, promote the formation of a global digital innovation cooperation network, and inject a steady stream of vitality into the digital economy. Second, promote digital trade. Digital trade is one of the three pillars of building a strong trading nation; its intensive, flattened, and inclusive attributes help reduce transaction costs and unleash the innovation potential of the digital economy. On the basis of open access, vigorously develop cross-border e-commerce, promote the development of new forms of digital trade, and transform China’s super-large market and rich application scenarios into a huge market for digital trade. At the same time, build demonstration zones for digital trade and service export bases with high standards, guide foreign investment toward high-tech industries, and support domestic enterprises in cooperating with foreign-funded enterprises to explore international markets. Third, actively participate in the formulation of digital rules. International digital standards are the “common language” of global economic and trade cooperation. Actively participate in the formulation of international standards in key areas such as artificial intelligence, data circulation, and cybersecurity, promote global dialogue on AI governance and intergovernmental negotiations, transform the advanced technical solutions formed in China’s digital economy development into international standards, reduce market compliance costs, and help Chinese enterprises “go global.” At the same time, deeply participate in international digital rule negotiations, strengthen alignment with high-standard international rules, and contribute Chinese wisdom in negotiations on digital economy agreements such as the DEPA [2]2 DEPA: the Digital Economy Partnership Agreement, a multilateral agreement initiated by Singapore, New Zealand, and Chile in 2020 to establish rules for digital trade and data flows..

开放是中国式现代化的鲜明标识。习近平总书记指出，“中国扩大高水平开放的决心不会变，中国开放的大门只会越开越大”。扩大高水平对外开放，全方位拓展数字经济发展空间，对激发数字经济创新活力具有根本性、全局性和战略性价值。一是大力推进数字领域对外开放。加强政策创新和跨部门、跨领域、跨行业统筹协调，有序推动关键领域开放，吸引全球优质资本、先进技术与高端人才汇聚，着力破除各类隐性壁垒，营造稳定、公平、透明、可预期的开放环境；充分利用高水平的全球数字领域合作平台，继续办好世界互联网大会乌镇峰会、全球数字经济大会、世界人工智能大会、中国国际服务贸易交易会，为数字经济“引进来”和“走出去”搭建桥梁；尤其要高质量建设“数字丝绸之路”，推动形成覆盖全球的数字创新合作网络，为数字经济注入源源不断的活力。二是促进数字贸易。数字贸易是贸易强国建设的三大支柱之一，其集约化、扁平化、普惠化属性有助于降低交易成本，释放数字经济创新潜能。要在开放准入的基础上，大力发展跨境电商，推动发展数字贸易新业态，将我国超大规模市场与丰富应用场景转化为数字贸易的巨大市场。同时，要高标准建设数字贸易示范区与服务出口基地，引导外资投向高新技术产业，支持国内企业与外资企业合作开拓国际市场。三是积极参与数字规则制定。国际数字标准是全球经贸合作的“通用语言”。要积极参与人工智能、数据流通、网络安全等关键领域国际标准的制定，推动人工智能治理全球对话及政府间谈判，将我国在数字经济发展中形成的先进技术方案转化为国际标准，降低市场合规成本，助力我国企业“出海”。同时，深度参与国际数字规则谈判，加强与国际高标准规则对接，在DEPA等数字经济协定谈判中贡献中国智慧。

5. Improve the governance system for the digital economy and optimize the development environment of the digital economy

5.完善数字经济治理体系，优化数字经济发展环境

A sound governance system can provide a predictable development environment for the digital economy. Improving the governance system for the digital economy requires constructing an adaptive governance mechanism, promoting the continuous aggregation and iteration of innovation factors, enabling the development of the digital economy to achieve a dynamic balance between regulation and vitality, and driving its endogenous evolution on the track of high-quality development. First, build a governance pattern with the participation of multiple entities. The complexity of the digital economy determines that its governance cannot rely solely on a single entity like the government; it is necessary to build a multi-stakeholder, collaborative, and flexibly interactive governance approach to enhance the inclusiveness and adaptability of governance. For example, better serve the development of the digital economy by innovating financial service models and implementing precise fiscal and tax support policies; platform enterprises must clarify their main responsibilities and obligations, and improve internal compliance and self-governance mechanisms; industry associations should strengthen the formulation of cutting-edge standards, play a leading and bridging role in standards, and guide platform enterprises to strengthen self-restraint and self-management; the public and the media participate in governance through feedback and supervision. Second, promote the digital transformation of the governance system. Deeply embed digital technologies such as big data, artificial intelligence, and blockchain into the entire process of regulation and service; improve the digitalized linkage regulatory system, promote the realization of regulation and governance covering before, during, and after events, running through the entire process, entire chain, and entire field, and promptly identify problems in the development of the digital economy. Third, coordinate the development and security of the digital economy. Currently, while the digital economy is booming, it also faces security issues that cannot be underestimated. Developing the digital economy requires improving the data security assurance capabilities of various industries and fields, strengthening the construction of security risk early warning, prevention and control mechanisms and capabilities, focusing on forward-looking risk assessment of emerging fields such as artificial intelligence, and ensuring the security and controllability of core technologies, important industries, key facilities, strategic resources, major science and technology, and leading enterprises. By establishing a credible and controllable security environment, fundamentally enhance trust among market participants, so that data dares to circulate, enterprises dare to innovate, and users dare to use, thereby providing security guarantees for the continuous burst of innovation vitality in the digital economy.

良好治理体系能为数字经济提供可预期的发展环境。完善数字经济治理体系需构建适应性治理机制，促进创新要素持续集聚与迭代，使数字经济的发展在规范与活力之间获得动态平衡，推动其在高质量发展轨道上内生演进。一是构建多元主体参与的治理格局。数字经济的复杂性决定了其治理不能仅靠政府单一主体，必须构建多元协同、弹性互动的治理方式，提升治理的包容性与适应性。如通过创新金融服务模式、实施精准的财税支持政策更好服务数字经济发展；平台企业要明确主体责任和义务，健全内部合规与自治机制；行业协会要加强前沿标准制定，发挥标准引领与桥梁纽带作用，引导平台企业加强自我约束、自我管理；公众和媒体则要通过反馈监督参与治理。二是推进治理体系数字化转型。将大数据、人工智能、区块链等数字技术深度嵌入监管与服务全过程；完善数字化联动监管系统，推动实现覆盖事前事中事后，贯穿全过程、全链条、全领域的监管和治理，及时发现数字经济发展中的问题。三是统筹数字经济发展与安全。当前，数字经济蓬勃发展的同时也面临着不容小觑的安全问题。发展数字经济需提高各行业各领域数据安全保障能力，加强安全风险预警、防控机制和能力建设，注重对人工智能等新兴领域的前瞻性风险研判，确保核心技术、重要产业、关键设施、战略资源、重大科技、头部企业等安全可控。通过建立可信可控的安全环境，从根本上增强市场参与者之间的信任，让数据敢流通、企业敢创新、用户敢使用，从而为数字经济创新活力的持续迸发提供安全保障。

(Authors: Jin Siyuan and Chen Yanqing, respectively a researcher at the Zhejiang Provincial Research Center for Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and a researcher at the Research Center for Marxist Theoretical Innovation and Communication at Zhejiang University, and a specially invited researcher at the Jiangxi Provincial Research Center for the Theoretical System of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics and Director of the Theory Division of the Propaganda Department of the Jiangxi Provincial Party Committee)

（作者：靳思远、陈燕清，分别系浙江省习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究中心研究员、浙江大学马克思主义理论创新与传播研究中心研究员，江西省中国特色社会主义理论体系研究中心特约研究员、江西省委宣传部理论处处长）

Online Editor: Huihui

网络编辑：慧慧