The Strategic Significance and Practical Requirements of Vigorously Boosting Consumption

Consumption is the “ballast stone” and main driving force of economic growth. General Secretary Xi Jinping attaches great importance to expanding consumption, emphasizing that “we must accelerate the effort to shore up the weak links in domestic demand, especially consumption, so that domestic demand becomes the main driving force and stable anchor of economic growth.” The Central Economic Work Conference held at the end of last year identified the key tasks for economic work in 2026, the first of which is “adhere to domestic demand as the leading force and build a strong domestic market.” The Proposal of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Party [1]1 The Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC, held in 2025, focused on formulating the Proposal for the 15th Five-Year Plan (2026-2030) for National Economic and Social Development. calls for “vigorously boosting consumption.” This is a scientific judgment and strategic deployment made by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, deeply grasping the development trends at home and abroad, and it highlights the great significance of boosting consumption for advancing Chinese-path modernization. We must study this earnestly, deeply comprehend it, and ensure its implementation is carried out effectively.

消费是经济增长的“压舱石”、主动力。习近平总书记高度重视扩大消费，强调“要加快补上内需特别是消费短板，使内需成为拉动经济增长的主动力和稳定锚”。去年底举行的中央经济工作会议确定了2026年经济工作的重点任务，第一项就是“坚持内需主导，建设强大国内市场”。党的二十届四中全会《建议》提出“大力提振消费”。这是以习近平同志为核心的党中央深刻把握国内外发展大势作出的科学判断和战略部署，凸显了提振消费对推进中国式现代化的重大意义。我们要认真学习、深刻领会、抓好贯彻落实。

Vigorously Boosting Consumption Has Major Strategic Significance

大力提振消费具有重大战略意义

Consumption is the foundation of the national economy and an important engine driving economic growth. The Report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC [2]2 The 20th National Congress of the CPC was held in October 2022. proposed “strengthening the foundational role of consumption in economic development”; the Decision of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee [3]3 The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee was held in July 2024, focusing on further deepening reform comprehensively. proposed “improving the long-term mechanism for expanding consumption”; and the Proposal of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee proposed “adhering to the strategic basis of expanding domestic demand, closely integrating the improvement of people’s wellbeing with the promotion of consumption, and investment in things with investment in people,” and “expanding effective investment.” This fully reflects the consistent emphasis of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core on boosting consumption and expanding domestic demand. We must deeply understand the important practical significance and far-reaching strategic considerations of vigorously boosting consumption.

消费是国民经济的基础，是推动经济增长的重要引擎。党的二十大报告提出“增强消费对经济发展的基础性作用”，党的二十届三中全会《决定》提出“完善扩大消费长效机制”，党的二十届四中全会《建议》提出“坚持扩大内需这个战略基点，坚持惠民生和促消费、投资于物和投资于人紧密结合”“扩大有效投资”等。这充分体现了以习近平同志为核心的党中央对提振消费、扩大内需一以贯之的重视。我们要深刻认识大力提振消费的重要现实意义和深远战略考量。

An Active Choice Following the Laws of Economics. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “Development must be scientific development that follows the laws of economics.” Consumption plays a foundational role in economic development; this is a general law of economic development. From the perspective of world economic history, when a country enters the later stages of industrialization and urbanization, the demand for large-scale investment and construction declines, the efficiency, rate of return, and driving effect of investment gradually decrease, and economic development inevitably shifts to a new stage primarily driven by consumer demand. During the process of major developed economies transitioning from the upper-middle-income stage to the high-income stage, the driving effect of consumption on economic growth significantly strengthens. As a large developing country with a population of over 1.4 billion, China is at a critical stage of moving towards becoming a high-income country. Placing greater emphasis on boosting consumption is both an active move and a matter of following the inherent laws. For a large country, relying on the solid foundation of a vast domestic market and a complete industrial system, boosting consumption and expanding domestic demand provides a basic support, which is conducive to coping with major-country competition and external shocks. Vigorously boosting consumption and expanding domestic demand is conducive to leveraging the unique advantages of China’s economy, which is dominated by domestic demand and capable of internal circulation, promoting sustained and healthy economic development, and maintaining effective qualitative improvement and reasonable quantitative growth. Especially given the current complex and volatile external environment, vigorously boosting consumption can ensure the normal operation of the economy and overall social stability under extreme conditions, firmly grasping the initiative in development.

遵循经济规律的主动选择。习近平总书记指出：“发展必须是遵循经济规律的科学发展”。消费在经济发展中具有基础性作用，这是经济发展的一般规律。从世界经济史看，当一个国家进入工业化、城镇化后期，大规模投资建设需求下降，投资效率、回报率及拉动作用逐渐下滑，经济发展必然转向以消费需求为主要动力的新阶段。主要发达经济体在由中高收入阶段向高收入阶段迈进的过程中，消费对经济增长的拉动作用显著增强。作为一个有着14亿多人口的发展中大国，我国正处在向高收入国家迈进的关键阶段，把提振消费放在更加突出位置，既是主动之举，也是规律使然。对于一个大国来说，以国内大市场和完备工业体系作为坚实依托，提振消费、扩大内需就有基础支撑，有利于应对大国博弈和外部冲击。大力提振消费，扩大国内需求，有利于发挥我国经济以内需为主导、内部可循环的独特优势，推动经济持续健康发展，保持质的有效提升和量的合理增长。特别是当前外部环境复杂多变，大力提振消费能够在极端条件下保证经济正常运行和社会总体稳定，牢牢把握发展主动权。

A Strategic Choice for Constructing the New Development Paradigm. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “To construct the new development paradigm, we must adhere to the strategic basis of expanding domestic demand.” International experience shows that domestic demand as the leading force and consumption as the engine are prominent features of major economies. Consumption is final demand, an organic unity of the end point and the new starting point of a country’s economic cycle. It can link together the links of production, distribution, and circulation, enabling the economic system to collaborate closely and operate efficiently. The core logic of vigorously boosting consumption lies in making the economy “heat up” by making consumption “warm up,” forming a spiral ascent where consumption leads to production innovation and production supply creates new consumption, injecting sustained endogenous growth momentum into economic development. The period of the 14th Five-Year Plan [4]4 The 14th Five-Year Plan covers the period 2021-2025. is a crucial period for basically realizing socialist modernization; the status and role of boosting consumption and expanding domestic demand become even more prominent. Internationally, the complexity, severity, and uncertainty of the external environment are rising, and the growth model that relied on investment and exports as the main driving forces of economic growth in the past period needs adjustment; domestically, the current characteristic of strong supply and weak demand in China is relatively obvious, and the role of consumption as the “main engine” of economic growth and the “ballast stone” of economic stability becomes more prominent. Making up for the weak link of consumption becomes an inevitable choice. China is the world’s most promising consumer market, containing huge growth space. Vigorously boosting consumption is key to smoothing the circulation of the national economy, and it is also conducive to gathering global resource factors, making good use of both domestic and international markets and resources, and expanding new space for economic development.

构建新发展格局的战略选择。习近平总书记指出：“构建新发展格局，要坚持扩大内需这个战略基点”。国际经验表明，内需为主导、消费为引擎是大国经济的突出特征。消费是最终需求，是一国经济循环终点和新起点的有机统一，能够将生产、分配、流通等环节串联起来，使经济系统紧密协作、高效运转。大力提振消费的核心逻辑在于通过消费“暖起来”让经济“热起来”，形成消费引领生产创新、生产供给创造新消费的螺旋式上升，为经济发展注入持续的内生增长动力。“十五五”时期是基本实现社会主义现代化的关键时期，提振消费、扩大内需的地位和作用更加凸显。从国际看，外部环境复杂性、严峻性、不确定性上升，过去一段时期以投资、出口作为经济增长主要拉动力的增长模式需要进行调整；从国内看，当前我国供强需弱特征比较明显，消费作为经济增长“主引擎”和经济稳定“压舱石”的作用更加突出，补齐消费短板成为必然选择。我国是全球最有潜力的消费市场，蕴含巨大增长空间。大力提振消费是畅通国民经济循环的关键所在，也有利于集聚全球资源要素，用好国内国际两个市场、两种资源，为经济发展拓展新空间。

An Inherent Requirement for Practicing the People-Centered Development Philosophy. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “The people’s aspiration for a better life is our goal.” Consumption is linked on one side to the macroeconomy and on the other to the daily lives of ordinary people. It is not only an important driving force for economic growth but also a direct reflection of the people’s needs for a better life. Vigorously boosting consumption is precisely about improving the people’s living standards, allowing the masses to share in the fruits of economic and social development through consumption channels. This is a concrete interpretation of development for the people, development relying on the people, and development achievements shared by the people, and it is also an important yardstick for measuring the quality of economic growth. Currently, China has entered the stage of high-quality development, with per capita GDP exceeding US$13,000. The people have more expectations for a better life, and the expansion and upgrading of consumer demand is an inevitable trend. Consumer hotspots such as smart wearable products, cosmetics, fitness equipment, outdoor supplies, pet food and supplies, baby and children’s products, trendy toys, jewelry, and national-trend clothing [5]5 “National-trend clothing” (国潮服饰) refers to fashion incorporating traditional Chinese cultural elements and aesthetics, popular in contemporary consumer markets. are emerging one after another, and new growth points for consumption are competing to appear. Vigorously boosting consumption, enriching the supply of consumer goods, and raising consumption levels can continuously improve people’s wellbeing, enhance the people’s sense of gain, happiness, and security, and allow the achievements of Chinese-path modernization to benefit all the people more and more fairly.

践行以人民为中心的发展思想的内在要求。习近平总书记指出：“人民对美好生活的向往就是我们的奋斗目标”。消费一头连着宏观经济，一头连着老百姓日常生活，既是经济增长的重要动力，也是人民美好生活需要的直接体现。大力提振消费，正是通过着力提高人民生活水平，让人民群众通过消费渠道分享经济社会发展成果。这是发展为了人民、发展依靠人民、发展成果由人民共享的具体诠释，也是衡量经济增长成色的重要标尺。当前，我国已进入高质量发展阶段，人均国内生产总值（GDP）超过1.3万美元，人民群众对美好生活有更多期待，消费需求扩容升级是大势所趋。智能穿戴产品、化妆品、健身器材、户外用品、宠物食品用品、婴童用品、潮玩、珠宝首饰、国潮服饰等消费热点层出不穷，消费新增长点竞相涌现。大力提振消费，丰富消费供给，提升消费水平，能够不断改善民生福祉，增强人民群众的获得感、幸福感、安全感，让中国式现代化建设成果更多更公平惠及全体人民。

Accurately Assess the Growth Space and Development Trends of China’s Consumption

准确研判我国消费的增长空间和发展趋势

In recent years, China’s consumer market has developed rapidly. In 2024, total retail sales of consumer goods reached 48.3 trillion yuan, and in 2025 they exceeded 50 trillion yuan, firmly ranking as the world’s second-largest consumer market. In 2025, the contribution rate of domestic demand to economic growth exceeded 67%, of which the contribution rate of consumption reached 52%. At the same time, it must be noted that China’s consumption growth potential remains considerable. The Central Economic Work Conference held at the end of last year put forward a regular understanding of “five musts” [6]6 The “five musts” (五个必须) are a set of regular understandings guiding economic work, emphasizing the need to fully tap economic potential, among other principles., the first of which is that we must fully tap the economic potential. This requires us to accurately assess the growth space and development trends of China’s consumption.

近年来，我国消费市场快速发展，2024年社会消费品零售总额48.3万亿元，2025年超50万亿元，稳居全球第二大消费市场。2025年，内需对经济增长的贡献率超过67%，其中消费贡献率达到52%。同时要看到，我国消费增长潜力依然较大。去年底举行的中央经济工作会议提出了“五个必须”的规律性认识，第一个就是必须充分挖掘经济潜能。这要求我们准确研判我国消费的增长空间和发展趋势。

From an international comparison perspective, China’s household consumption rate is generally low, and the consumer market has considerable room for growth. Currently, China’s household consumption rate is about 40%, which is still 10 to 20 percentage points lower than that of developed countries, especially with a relatively low share of service consumption. Considering the traditional high savings rate of Chinese residents, there is still huge room for consumption growth in the future. It should be recognized that the economic fundamentals are the foundation for promoting the growth of the consumer market. For example, stability in the job market is the cornerstone of income security; it can not only directly enhance residents’ willingness to consume and increase their spending power, but also stabilize people’s expectations for future life, thereby releasing consumption potential. For another example, the upgrading of manufacturing and service industries can provide more high-quality, personalized products and services, stimulating residents’ consumer demand and forming a virtuous cycle where supply creates demand. China’s economic foundation is stable, with many advantages, strong resilience, and great potential. The supporting conditions and basic trend for long-term improvement have not changed. Although boosting consumption still faces some difficulties at present, such as a low share of residents’ disposable income, unstable income expectations, weak willingness to consume, and structural insufficiency in the supply of high-quality consumer goods, these are mostly problems arising in the process of development and transformation, and can be resolved through effort. By strengthening confidence, making good use of advantages, and meeting challenges, we can continuously consolidate and expand the positive momentum of economic stability and improvement. On this basis, by increasing income and reducing burdens to enhance spending power, creating effective demand through high-quality supply, and optimizing the consumption environment to strengthen the willingness to consume, the potential for consumption will surely be further unleashed.

从国际比较看，我国居民消费率总体偏低，消费市场具有较大成长空间。当前，我国居民消费率约40%，与发达国家相比仍有10—20个百分点的差距，特别是服务消费占比偏低。考虑到我国居民的高储蓄传统，未来消费仍有巨大的提升空间。应当看到，经济基本面是促进消费市场成长的基础。比如，就业市场的稳定是收入保障的基石，不仅能直接提升居民消费意愿、提高居民消费能力，更能稳定人们对未来生活的预期，进而释放消费潜力；又如，制造业、服务业提质升级能够提供更多高品质、个性化的产品和服务，激发居民消费需求，形成供给创造需求的良性循环。我国经济基础稳、优势多、韧性强、潜能大，长期向好的支撑条件和基本趋势没有变。虽然当前提振消费仍面临一些困难，如居民可支配收入占比不高、收入预期不稳、消费意愿不强、优质消费供给结构性不足等，但这些大多是发展中、转型中的问题，经过努力是可以解决的。坚定信心、用好优势、应对挑战，不断巩固拓展经济稳中向好势头，在此基础上以增收减负提升消费能力、以高质量供给创造有效需求、以优化消费环境增强消费意愿，消费潜力必将得到进一步激发。

From the perspective of supporting factors, the increase in urban and rural residents’ incomes and the deepening of new-type urbanization will further expand and upgrade the consumer market. This is mainly reflected in three aspects. First, steady growth in residents’ income consolidates the consumption foundation. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, the per capita disposable income of Chinese residents grew at an average annual real rate of 5.4%, basically keeping pace with economic growth. At the same time, the ratio of per capita disposable income between urban and rural residents fell from 2.56 in 2020 to 2.31 in 2025. China has built the world’s largest education system, social security system, and medical and health system, tangibly transforming economic growth into residents’ sense of gain, happiness, and security. With further growth in residents’ income and a narrowing of the income gap, the expansion of the consumer market has a solid foundation. Second, the growth of the middle-income group drives consumption upgrading. China has the world’s largest and most growth-oriented middle-income group. Along with high-quality economic development and the solid advancement of common prosperity for all people, the scale of the middle-income group will further expand, pushing consumption to a new level. Third, the steady advancement of new-type urbanization expands consumption space. According to estimates, for every 1 percentage point increase in China’s urbanization rate, more than 200 billion yuan in new consumer demand is generated annually. In 2025, China’s urbanization rate of the resident population was 67.89%, and it will further increase in the future. At the same time, China’s urbanization rate of the registered household population is lower than that of the resident population. As the urbanization rate of the registered household population steadily rises, the scale of residents’ consumption will further expand.

从支撑因素看，城乡居民增收、新型城镇化深入推进等将推动消费市场进一步扩容提质。这主要体现在3个方面。一是居民收入稳步增长，夯实消费基础。“十四五”时期，我国居民人均可支配收入年均实际增长5.4%，与经济增长基本同步。同时，城乡居民人均可支配收入比值由2020年的2.56下降至2025年的2.31。我国建成了全球规模最大的教育体系、社会保障体系、医疗卫生体系，经济增长实打实地转变为居民获得感、幸福感、安全感。随着居民收入进一步增长和收入差距缩小，消费市场扩容具有坚实基础。二是中等收入群体壮大，推动消费升级。我国拥有全球规模最大且最具成长性的中等收入群体。伴随经济高质量发展和全体人民共同富裕扎实推进，中等收入群体规模将进一步扩大，推动消费迈上新台阶。三是新型城镇化稳步推进，拓展消费空间。据测算，我国城镇化率每提升1个百分点，每年可新增2000多亿元的消费需求。2025年我国常住人口城镇化率为67.89%，未来将进一步提升。同时，我国户籍人口城镇化率低于常住人口城镇化率。随着户籍人口城镇化率稳步提高，居民消费规模还将进一步扩大。

From the perspective of development trends, the upgrading of the consumption structure will fully stimulate the potential for growth in domestic demand. Currently, China’s per capita GDP has exceeded US$13,000, and residents’ consumption is in a phase of accelerated upgrading toward a development-oriented and quality-oriented type. The upgrading of the consumption structure will bring enormous potential for domestic demand growth. First, commodity consumption is upgrading toward higher quality. With the increase in residents’ income and the innovation of consumption concepts, commodity consumption will shift from a subsistence type to an improvement-oriented and development-oriented type, with considerable consumption potential for durable consumer goods, high-quality life, and personalized needs. For example, at the end of 2025, the number of household cars per 100 urban households in China reached 52.9, lower than the level in some countries such as Germany at the same development stage, leaving room for further development in the future. Second, the potential for service consumption is relatively large. International experience shows that the consumption structure generally follows a development path of “non-durable consumer goods – durable consumer goods – service consumption.” The period when per capita GDP rises from US$10,000 to US$30,000 is a golden period for the development of service consumption. In some developed countries, the share of service consumption increased to varying degrees during this development stage. As China’s service supply continues to improve, demand for service consumption such as medical care and elderly care will rise rapidly. Third, the potential for new-type consumption is accelerating its release. In recent years, China’s new-type consumption has shown strong demand, good growth momentum, and abundant vitality. Driven by technological empowerment and guidance, digital consumption, green consumption, and health consumption will grow rapidly. Since the 14th Five-Year Plan, China has continuously promoted the high-quality development of e-commerce, with the overall scale of digital consumption exceeding 23.8 trillion yuan, making it the world’s largest online retail market for over a decade. Looking ahead to the 15th Five-Year Plan period and beyond, digitalization will continue to integrate into all areas of production and life, further opening up broad space for the new-type consumer market.

从发展趋势看，消费结构提质升级将充分激发内需增长潜力。当前，我国人均GDP已经超过1.3万美元，居民消费正处于向发展型和品质型加快升级的阶段，消费结构提质升级将带来巨大内需增长潜力。一是商品消费向高品质升级。随着居民收入提升和消费理念革新，商品消费将由生存型向改善型、发展型升级，耐用消费品、高品质生活及个性化需求的消费潜力较大。比如，2025年末，我国每百户家庭家用汽车拥有量达到52.9辆，低于德国等一些国家在同发展阶段的水平，未来还有一定发展空间。二是服务消费潜力较大。国际经验表明，消费结构一般要经历“非耐用消费品—耐用消费品—服务消费”的发展路径，人均GDP从1万美元升至3万美元期间，是服务消费发展的黄金期。一些发达国家在此发展阶段服务消费占比都有不同程度的提高。伴随我国服务供给不断改善，医疗、养老等服务消费需求将快速提升。三是新型消费潜力加速释放。近年来，我国新型消费需求旺、增势好、活力足。在技术驱动和科技赋能引导下，数字消费、绿色消费、健康消费等将快速增长。“十四五”以来，我国持续推进电子商务高质量发展，数字消费整体规模超过23.8万亿元，连续10多年位居全球最大网络零售市场。展望“十五五”及未来更长时期，数字化将持续融入生产生活各领域，进一步打开新型消费市场的广阔空间。

Firmly grasp the practical requirements for vigorously boosting consumption

牢牢把握大力提振消费的实践要求

The Central Economic Work Conference held at the end of last year proposed “deeply implementing the special action to boost consumption.” This will continuously release consumption potential, promote the stable and healthy development of the consumer market, and further strengthen the fundamental role of consumption in driving economic growth. To this end, it is necessary to focus on the key point of residents’ consumption, scientifically coordinate supply and demand, use new demand to lead new supply, use new supply to create new demand, and promote a positive interaction between supply and demand; scientifically coordinate the present and the long term, both based on the present, promptly researching and introducing strong measures to promote consumption, releasing policy warmth and market signals of supporting consumption with “real gold and silver,” and also focusing on the long term, improving the policy system for boosting consumption and consolidating the institutional foundation for expanding consumption; scientifically coordinate universality and precision, both improving universal support policies that directly reach consumers and providing targeted support for consumption by key groups and in key areas; scientifically coordinate market unity and adaptation to local conditions, leveraging the initiative of both the central and local governments, steadily promoting the unification of rules and systems in the large consumer market, breaking down market segmentation, while also encouraging local governments to take the initiative and act responsibly, introducing consumption-promoting measures that suit local realities. Specific efforts should focus on the following aspects.

去年底举行的中央经济工作会议提出“深入实施提振消费专项行动”，这将不断释放消费潜力，促进消费市场持续稳定健康发展，并进一步增强消费对经济增长的基础性作用。为此，要聚焦居民消费这个重点，科学统筹供给和需求，以新需求引领新供给，以新供给创造新需求，促进供给与需求良性互动；科学统筹当前和长远，既立足当前，及时研究出台促消费的有力举措，释放以“真金白银”支持消费的政策暖意和市场信号，又着眼长远，健全提振消费的政策体系，夯实扩大消费的制度基础；科学统筹普惠性和精准性，既健全直达消费者的普惠性支持政策，也对重点群体、重点领域消费给予针对性倾斜；科学统筹市场统一和因地制宜，发挥中央和地方两个积极性，稳步推动消费大市场规则制度统一，破除市场分割，同时激励地方主动担当作为，出台符合本地实际的促消费举措。具体要在以下方面着力。

Increase residents’ income, enhance residents’ consumption capacity, so that the people “can consume.” Consumption is a function of income, and residents’ consumption capacity and willingness largely depend on the state of employment and income growth. The Central Economic Work Conference held at the end of last year proposed “formulating and implementing a plan to increase the income of urban and rural residents.” To implement this requirement, it is necessary to coordinate employment promotion, income increase, and expectation stabilization, adopting multiple measures to enhance residents’ consumption capacity. Improve the income distribution system, adhere to the principle of distribution according to work as the mainstay and the coexistence of multiple modes of distribution, improve the mechanism for determining, reasonably increasing, and guaranteeing payment of workers’ wages, raise the share of residents’ income in the distribution of national income, and raise the share of labor remuneration in primary distribution. Expand the scale of the middle-income group and solidly advance common prosperity. Deeply implement the employment-first strategy, improve the employment promotion mechanism, strengthen coordination between industry and employment, stabilize and expand employment through multiple channels, optimize the policy environment for entrepreneurship to promote employment, increase efforts to stabilize enterprise jobs in light of changing circumstances, and actively support high-quality and full employment for key groups such as college graduates and migrant workers.

提高居民收入，增强居民消费能力，让人民群众“能消费”。消费是收入的函数，居民消费能力和意愿很大程度上取决于就业和收入增长状况。去年底举行的中央经济工作会议提出“制定实施城乡居民增收计划”。落实这一要求，需统筹促就业、增收入、稳预期，多措并举增强居民消费能力。完善收入分配制度，坚持按劳分配为主体、多种分配方式并存，完善劳动者工资决定、合理增长、支付保障机制，提高居民收入在国民收入分配中的比重，提高劳动报酬在初次分配中的比重。扩大中等收入群体规模，扎实推进共同富裕。深入实施就业优先战略，健全就业促进机制，加强产业和就业协同，多渠道稳定和扩大就业，优化创业促进就业政策环境，结合形势变化加大企业稳岗力度，积极支持高校毕业生、农民工等重点群体高质量充分就业。

Improve people’s livelihoods, relieve residents’ worries, so that the people “dare to consume.” The social security system is a safety net for people’s lives and a stabilizer for social operation. The Central Economic Work Conference held at the end of last year proposed “adhering to putting people’s livelihoods first and striving to do more practical things for the people,” and made key arrangements. Improving the social security system is conducive to enhancing residents’ willingness to consume. It is necessary to accelerate the development of a multi-level, multi-pillar old-age insurance system, increase the insurance participation rate for flexible employment personnel, migrant workers, and those in new forms of employment, improve the multi-level medical security system, and expand the coverage of unemployment and work-related injury insurance. Adhere to doing one’s best within one’s means, ensuring that improvements in people’s livelihoods are commensurate with the level of economic development, neither lagging behind economic development nor doing things that exceed the development stage. Rationally increase the proportion of public service expenditure in fiscal expenditure, and steadily increase investment in key livelihood areas such as education, medical care, elderly care, childbirth and child-rearing, and housing. Steadily promote the equalization of basic public services, improve the scope and content of basic public services, focus on increasing investment in inclusive, basic, and bottom-line livelihood construction, narrow regional and urban-rural gaps in basic public services, and achieve a better integration of benefiting people’s livelihoods and promoting consumption.

改善民生，解除居民后顾之忧，让人民群众“敢消费”。社会保障体系是人民生活的安全网和社会运行的稳定器。去年底举行的中央经济工作会议提出“坚持民生为大，努力为人民群众多办实事”，并作出重点部署。完善社会保障体系，有利于提升居民消费意愿。要加快发展多层次、多支柱养老保险体系，提高灵活就业人员、农民工、新就业形态人员参保率，健全多层次医疗保障体系，扩大失业、工伤保险覆盖面。坚持尽力而为、量力而行，让民生改善与经济发展水平相适应，既不滞后于经济发展，又不做超越发展阶段的事情。合理提高公共服务支出占财政支出比重，稳步加大教育、医疗、养老、生育养育、住房等重点民生领域投入。稳步推进基本公共服务均等化，完善基本公共服务范围和内容，重点加大普惠性、基础性、兜底性民生建设投入，缩小区域、城乡基本公共服务差距，实现惠民生与促消费更好结合。

Expand the supply of high-quality goods and services, meet diversified consumption needs, so that the people “are willing to consume.” Only by closely integrating benefiting people’s livelihoods with promoting consumption and expanding the supply of high-quality goods and services can the diversified consumption needs of residents be better met. The Central Economic Work Conference held at the end of last year proposed “expanding the supply of high-quality goods and services.” To implement this requirement, it is necessary to expand service consumption with a focus on relaxing access and integrating business formats. Efforts can be made around policy support, promotional activities, platform carriers, opening up to the outside world, standard guidance, and the development environment, actively developing new consumption formats, new products, and new models. Strengthen brand guidance, standard upgrading, and the application of new technologies to promote the expansion and upgrading of commodity consumption. Actively create an atmosphere, optimize the environment, promote the integrated development of commerce, tourism, culture, and sports, create a number of new consumption scenarios with broad driving impact and high visibility, and stimulate the vitality of the consumer market. Cultivate international consumption center cities and expand inbound consumption. Regulate market order and maintain a fair and orderly consumption environment. Strengthen the protection of consumers’ rights and interests, and establish efficient and convenient channels for consumer rights protection.

扩大优质商品和服务供给，满足多元化消费需求，让人民群众“愿消费”。把惠民生和促消费紧密结合，扩大优质商品和服务供给，才能更好满足居民多元化消费需求。去年底举行的中央经济工作会议提出“扩大优质商品和服务供给”。落实这一要求，要以放宽准入、业态融合为重点扩大服务消费，可围绕政策支持、促进活动、平台载体、对外开放、标准引领、发展环境等做文章，积极发展消费新业态、新产品、新模式。强化品牌引领、标准升级、新技术应用，推动商品消费扩容升级。积极营造氛围、优化环境，推动商旅文体融合发展，打造一批带动面广、显示度高的消费新场景，激发消费市场活力。培育国际消费中心城市，拓展入境消费。规范市场秩序，维护公平有序的消费环境。强化消费者权益保护，建立高效便捷的消费者维权渠道。

Improve the systems and mechanisms for boosting consumption, actively release market signals that strongly support consumption, and effectively stimulate residents’ consumption potential. Promoting consumption is a systematic project that requires multi-party coordination to form a joint force. It is necessary to strengthen the coordination of fiscal, tax, financial, industrial, investment and other policies with consumption policies, and build a policy system more conducive to boosting consumption. Coordinate the use of policy tools such as fiscal subsidies and loan interest subsidies, and increase the intensity of inclusive policies that directly reach consumers. Establish and improve management methods that adapt to new consumption formats, new models, and new scenarios, and improve market supervision procedures. Implement paid staggered vacations to promote holiday consumption. Improve the consumption policy evaluation mechanism, deeply analyze the support effects on commodity consumption, service consumption, urban consumption, and rural consumption, and continuously enhance the effectiveness and precision of consumption-boosting policies.

完善提振消费的体制机制，积极释放大力支持消费的市场信号，有效激发居民消费潜力。促进消费是一项系统工程，需要多方配合形成合力。要加强财税、金融、产业、投资等政策与消费政策的协同，构建更加有利于促消费的政策体系。统筹用好财政补贴、贷款贴息等政策工具，加大直达消费者的普惠政策力度。建立健全适应消费新业态新模式新场景的管理办法，完善市场监管程序。落实带薪错峰休假，促进假日消费。健全消费政策评估机制，深入分析对商品消费、服务消费、城市消费、乡村消费的支持效果，不断提升提振消费政策的效果和精准度。

(The author is Deputy Director of the Economic Committee of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference)

（作者为全国政协经济委员会副主任）