The Coordinated Development of Industry and Employment Is an Important Foundation for Comprehensive Rural Revitalization

The core goal of comprehensive rural revitalization is to realize a strong agricultural sector, a beautiful countryside, and prosperous farmers. The deep integration and coordinated development of industry and employment are necessary requirements for achieving this goal. The 2024 Central Economic Work Conference proposed to “implement assistance policies for industry and employment, ensure that no large-scale return to poverty or new cases of poverty occur, and guarantee the basic living standards of people in difficulty.” [1]1 The Central Economic Work Conference is an annual high-level meeting held by the CPC Central Committee to set the economic policy agenda for the following year. The 2025 Central Economic Work Conference proposed to “continuously consolidate and expand the achievements of the fight against poverty, incorporate normalized assistance into the overall implementation of the rural revitalization strategy, and hold the bottom line of preventing large-scale return to poverty or new cases of poverty.” [2]2 The “fight against poverty” refers to the targeted poverty alleviation campaign (2013–2020) that lifted nearly 100 million rural residents out of poverty. The 2026 Document No. 1 of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council, “Opinions on Anchoring Agricultural and Rural Modernization and Solidly Promoting Comprehensive Rural Revitalization,” lists “enhancing the effectiveness of industrial and employment assistance” as one of the key components of “implementing normalized and precise assistance.” [3]3 Document No. 1 is the first policy document issued by the CPC Central Committee each year, traditionally focused on agricultural and rural issues. Therefore, making efforts to build a long-term mechanism for the coordination of rural industry and employment, forming a development pattern of thriving industries, stable employment, and increasing income, can consolidate the foundation for advancing comprehensive rural revitalization.

乡村全面振兴的核心目标是实现农业强、农村美、农民富，产业与就业的深度融合和协同发展，是实现这一目标的必然要求。2024年中央经济工作会议提出，“落实好产业、就业等帮扶政策，确保不发生规模性返贫致贫，保障困难群众基本生活”。2025年中央经济工作会议提出，“持续巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果，把常态化帮扶纳入乡村振兴战略统筹实施，守牢不发生规模性返贫致贫底线”。2026年中央一号文件《中共中央国务院关于锚定农业农村现代化扎实推进乡村全面振兴的意见》将“提升产业和就业帮扶实效”作为“实施常态化精准帮扶”的重要内容之一。因此，着力构建乡村产业就业协同的长效机制，形成产业兴旺、就业稳定、收入增长的发展格局，能够为推进乡村全面振兴夯实根基。

The Internal Logic of the Coordinated Development of Industry and Employment

产业就业协同发展的内在逻辑

The coordinated development of industry and employment refers to a development model that relies on regional resource endowments and labor force structure. Through pathways such as optimizing industrial structure, upgrading skills matching, and improving institutional guarantees, it aligns the quality and quantity of jobs created by industries with the skill levels and career development needs of workers, thereby simultaneously advancing industrial competitiveness and residents’ income growth. This coordination is not simply about expanding industrial scale or increasing the number of jobs. Rather, by constructing a virtuous cycle mechanism of “industry-employment,” it promotes thriving industries to create the material foundation for expanding employment, and stable employment to provide human capital for industrial development. The two are interdependent and synergistically empowering, jointly building the core engine driving comprehensive rural revitalization.

产业就业协同发展，是指依托区域资源禀赋和劳动力结构，通过产业结构优化、技能匹配升级、制度保障完善等途径，使产业创造的就业岗位质量、数量与劳动者的技能水平、职业发展需求相适配，从而实现产业竞争力提升与居民收入增长同步推进的发展模式。这种协同并非简单的产业规模扩张或就业数量增加，而是通过构建“产业—就业”的良性循环机制，推动产业兴旺为扩大就业创造物质基础，就业稳定为产业发展提供人力资本，二者相互依存、协同赋能，共同构筑驱动乡村全面振兴的核心引擎。

The coordinated development of industry and employment mainly emphasizes three aspects. First, the matching of resource endowments and comparative advantages. The key lies in leveraging local resource endowments to transform the advantages of characteristic resources into industrial competitive advantages. This industrial competitive advantage can minimize production costs to the greatest extent, enhance industrial competitiveness, and simultaneously provide local laborers with jobs that match their skill characteristics, achieving a precise match among resources, industry, and labor. Second, skills training and human capital enhancement. The growth and strengthening of industries necessarily require an improvement in labor quality, and the accumulation of human capital will in turn promote industrial transformation and upgrading. This virtuous interaction of “industrial demand guiding professional skills training — human capital enhancement promoting employment — stable employment supporting industrial development” can effectively break the dilemma of the disconnect between human resource development and industrial demand. Third, organizational innovation and interest linkages. Modern industries, through organizational innovation and the construction of close interest linkage mechanisms, can achieve a reasonable distribution of industrial returns. This type of organizational innovation breaks the closed nature of traditional industries and builds an industrial ecology of symbiosis and win-win among multiple entities. Fourth, the integration of digital technology and traditional industries. Digital technology breaks down geographical spatial constraints, can reconstruct industrial forms and employment models, not only creates new types of jobs, but also improves the matching efficiency of the labor market by reducing information asymmetry.

产业就业协同发展主要强调三个方面的内容。一是资源禀赋与比较优势的匹配。关键在于立足本地资源禀赋，将特色资源优势转化为产业竞争优势。这种产业竞争优势能够最大限度降低生产成本，提高产业竞争力，同时为本地劳动力提供符合其技能特点的就业岗位，实现资源、产业与劳动力的精准匹配。二是技能培训与人力资本提升。产业做大做强必然要求劳动力素质提升，而人力资本积累又会反过来推动产业转型升级。这种“产业需求引导专业技能培训—人力资本提升促进就业—就业稳定支撑产业发展”的良性互动，能够有效破解人力资源开发与产业需求脱节的困境。三是组织创新与利益联结。现代化产业通过组织创新，构建紧密的利益联结机制，可以实现产业收益的合理分配。这类组织创新打破了传统产业的封闭性，构建起多元主体共生共赢的产业生态。四是数字技术与传统产业的融合。数字技术打破了地理空间限制，能够重构产业形态和就业模式，不仅创造了新型就业岗位，还通过降低信息不对称，提高了劳动力市场匹配效率。

The internal logic of the coordinated development of industry and employment profoundly embodies systematic thinking and dialectical thinking. Industry is the carrier of employment, and employment is the support of industry. Only by grasping this inherent correlation can we avoid the one-sidedness of discussing industry in isolation or employment in isolation, and activate the endogenous driving force of development. This coordinated development is not static or immutable, but a process that continuously evolves with technological progress, market changes, and institutional innovation, requiring the joint participation and coordinated promotion of multiple entities such as the government, enterprises, and workers.

产业就业协同发展的内在逻辑深刻体现了系统思维与辩证思维。产业是就业的载体，就业是产业的支撑。只有把握这种内在关联性，才能避免就产业谈产业或就就业谈就业的片面性，激活发展的内生动力。这种协同发展不是静态的、一成不变的，而是随着技术进步、市场变化和制度创新不断演进的过程，需要政府、企业、劳动者等多方主体共同参与、协同推进。

The Relationship between the Coordinated Development of Industry and Employment and Comprehensive Rural Revitalization

产业就业协同发展与乡村全面振兴的关系

The coordinated development of industry and employment affects all dimensions of rural revitalization. This influence is not singularly linear, but generates multiplier effects through a complex interactive network, ultimately promoting comprehensive rural revitalization. Effective coordination of industry and employment can not only provide the material foundation for comprehensive rural revitalization but also improve rural social relations. It is a key pathway for realizing the general requirements of the rural revitalization strategy.

产业就业协同发展影响着乡村振兴的各个维度，这种影响并非单一线性的，而是通过复杂的互动网络产生乘数效应，最终推动乡村全面振兴。产业就业的有效协同，既能够为乡村全面振兴提供物质基础，又可以改善乡村社会关系，是实现乡村振兴战略总要求的关键路径。

Industrial restructuring and value co-creation are the endogenous driving forces for promoting thriving industries. The impact of the coordinated development of industry and employment on industrial revitalization is directly reflected in the modern transformation of rural industries. On the one hand, through the coordinated development of industry and employment, rural industries gradually develop towards scale, intensification, and branding, forming a modern industrial system with linkages among primary, secondary, and tertiary industries and multi-value co-creation. This can not only tap into and develop the multiple functions of agriculture, extending the industrial chain, but also create diversified, high-quality jobs, driving farmers to share in the value-added benefits of the industry. On the other hand, the coordinated development of industry and employment can promote the formation of rural industrial clusters. When a specific industry achieves economies of scale in a certain region, it will attract related supporting enterprises and service institutions to cluster. This clustering effect can not only reduce enterprise operating costs and improve market competitiveness, but also provide rural laborers with more employment choices and career development space, forming a development pattern of “industries attracting employment — employment supporting industries.”

产业重构与价值共创是推动产业兴旺的内在动力，产业就业协同发展影响产业振兴直接体现在乡村产业的现代化转型上。一方面，通过产业就业协同发展，乡村产业逐步向规模化、集约化、品牌化方向发展，形成一二三产联动、多元价值共创的现代化产业体系。这不仅可以挖掘和开发农业的多种功能，延长产业链条，而且可以创造多元化、高质量的就业岗位，带动农民分享产业增值收益。另一方面，产业就业协同发展可以促进乡村产业集群的形成。当特定产业在某一区域形成规模效应，会吸引相关配套企业和服务机构集聚。这种集群效应不仅可以降低企业运营成本、提高市场竞争力，还能为农村劳动力提供更多就业选择和职业发展空间，形成“产业吸引就业—就业支撑产业”的发展格局。

Green development and improvement of the living environment are the core essence of achieving ecological livability. The impact of the coordinated development of industry and employment on the rural ecological environment presents a dual characteristic. It may bring environmental pressure due to industrial development, or it may promote ecological protection through green transformation. The key lies in the choice of development model and the establishment of value orientation. Practice has proven that, based on local ecological resource endowments, developing rural green industries can achieve the unity of economic and ecological benefits. Green industries can not only create employment opportunities but also protect the rural ecological environment and enhance the endogenous driving force for sustainable development. The coordinated development of industry and employment, by promoting the localized employment of the rural labor force, can alleviate the degradation of the living environment caused by rural “hollowing out.” [4]4 “Hollowing out” (空心化) describes the depopulation of rural areas due to large-scale out-migration of working-age people to cities. When farmers can obtain stable income close to home, they will pay more attention to and invest in rural environmental construction. This transmission mechanism of “industrial development — stable employment — community identity — environmental improvement” is an important pathway for the coordinated development of industry and employment to promote ecological livability.

绿色发展与人居环境改善是实现生态宜居的核心要义，产业就业协同发展对乡村生态环境的影响呈现双重特征，既可能因产业发展带来环境压力，也可能通过绿色转型促进生态保护，关键在于发展模式的选择和价值导向的确立。实践证明，立足乡村生态资源禀赋，发展乡村绿色产业，能够实现经济效益与生态效益相统一。绿色产业不仅能够创造就业机会，还能够保护乡村生态环境，增强可持续发展内生动力。产业就业协同发展通过促进农村劳动力本地化就业，可以缓解乡村“空心化”带来的人居环境退化问题。当农民能够在家门口获得稳定收入，就会更加重视和投入乡村环境建设。这种“产业发展—就业稳定—社区认同—环境改善”的传导机制，是产业就业协同发展促进生态宜居的重要路径。

Cultural inheritance and community identity are important contents for promoting rural civility. The impact of the coordinated development of industry and employment on the construction of rural civility is mainly reflected in two aspects: the reshaping of cultural values and the strengthening of community identity. Traditional rural culture faces the risk of inheritance rupture and value impact in the process of modernization. The development of rural characteristic industries provides new forms of expression and transmission carriers for rural cultural inheritance. This “industry + culture” development model transforms rural culture from a mere object of protection into a living resource that can be produced, consumed, and inherited, thereby enhancing the cultural confidence and sense of identity of rural residents. The coordinated development of industry and employment also provides a development platform for young rural laborers, attracting more young people to return to their hometowns for entrepreneurship, thereby alleviating the rural cultural rupture caused by the outflow of talent and injecting fresh blood and innovative vitality into the construction of rural civility.

文化传承与社区认同是推动乡风文明的重要内容，产业就业协同发展对乡风文明建设的影响主要体现在文化价值重塑和社区认同强化两个方面。传统乡村文化在现代化进程中面临传承断层和价值冲击，而乡村特色产业发展为乡村文化传承提供了新的表达形式和传播载体。这种“产业+文化”的发展模式，使乡村文化从单纯的保护对象转变为可生产、可消费、可传承的活态资源，进而增强农村居民的文化自信和认同感。产业就业协同发展也为乡村青年劳动力提供了发展平台，吸引更多年轻人返乡创业，从而缓解人才外流导致的乡村文化断层，为乡风文明建设注入新鲜血液和创新活力。

Subject restructuring and interest linkages are the organizational foundation for consolidating effective rural governance. The coordinated development of industry and employment, by changing the organizational form and interest pattern of rural society, can lay a solid organizational foundation for “effective governance.” Traditional rural governance structures were relatively singular, mainly centered on the village Party branch and village committee. In the process of the coordinated development of industry and employment, on the one hand, economic organizations such as agricultural cooperatives, common prosperity workshops, and industrial alliances become the main actors in rural economic development and also become important participants in rural governance. [5]5 “Common prosperity workshops” (共富工坊) are local production units established under Party guidance to provide employment and income for rural residents, often linked to collective economic projects. On the other hand, industrial development becomes tightly bundled with the employment of the rural labor force and village collective income, making villagers, village collectives, and enterprises a community of shared interests where “one prospers, all prosper; one suffers, all suffer.” This deep interest linkage greatly stimulates the endogenous motivation of multiple entities to participate in rural governance.

主体重构与利益联结是夯实乡村治理有效的组织基础，产业就业协同发展通过改变乡村社会的组织形态与利益格局，能够为“治理有效”奠定坚实组织基础。传统的乡村治理结构相对单一，主要以村两委为主体。在产业就业协同发展过程中，一方面，农业合作社、共富工坊、产业联盟等经济组织成为乡村经济发展的主角，同时也成为乡村治理的重要参与主体；另一方面，产业发展与农村劳动力就业、村集体收入形成紧密捆绑，村民、村集体、企业等成为“一荣俱荣、一损俱损”的利益共同体，这种深度的利益联结极大地激发了多元主体参与乡村治理的内生动力。

Diversified income and stable security are the material foundation for the prosperity of farmers’ lives. The coordinated development of industry and employment is directly reflected in the increase of farmers’ income and the optimization of the income structure, which constitutes the most solid material basis for achieving a prosperous life. The coordinated development of industry and employment breaks the single pattern of farmers’ income relying on traditional agriculture that “depends on the weather for a harvest,” [6]6 “Depends on the weather for a harvest” (靠天吃饭) is a Chinese idiom referring to the traditional vulnerability of agricultural production to natural conditions. achieving diversified and stable income. Stable employment is the most effective firewall against the return of low-income groups to poverty. The coordinated development of industry and employment helps establish a long-term “blood-making” mechanism, [7]7 “Blood-making” mechanism (造血机制) is a metaphor in Chinese policy discourse for building endogenous, self-sustaining capacity, as opposed to “blood-transfusion” (输血) or external aid. enhancing the ability of low-income families to withstand economic risks, market fluctuations, and unexpected changes.

收入多元与保障稳固是农民生活富裕的物质根基，产业就业协同发展直接体现在农民收入的提升和收入结构的优化上，这是实现生活富裕最坚实的物质基础。产业就业协同发展打破了农民收入依赖传统农业“靠天吃饭”的单一格局，实现了收入的多元化和稳定性。稳定的就业是防止低收入群体返贫的最有效防火墙。产业就业协同发展有助于建立长效的“造血”机制，增强低收入家庭抵御经济风险、市场波动和意外变故的能力。

Main Pathways for Promoting the Coordinated Development of Rural Industry and Employment

推动乡村产业就业协同发展的主要路径

Strengthen planning guidance and policy coordination, and improve the top-level design framework system. At the county level, clarify the leading industries for key development, spatial layout, and employment targets, avoiding homogeneous competition among townships; at the township level, determine specific business types based on resource endowments; at the village level, implement “one village, one policy,” [8]8 “One village, one policy” (一村一策) is a targeted development approach that tailors strategies to the specific conditions of each village. focusing on building comparative advantages to form a county-level industrial ecosystem with differentiated development and complementary functions. In addition, innovate the “industry-employment” integrated policy toolkit, effectively integrating industrial support policies with employment promotion policies. Take the number of new jobs created and the level of employee salary growth as core indicators for evaluating the effectiveness of rural industrial projects (including assistance industrial projects) and allocating industrial linkage funds, forming a policy orientation of “promoting employment through industry, stabilizing industry through employment.”

强化规划引领与政策协同，完善顶层设计框架体系。县级层面，明确重点发展的主导产业、空间布局和就业目标，避免乡镇间同质化竞争；乡镇层面，立足资源禀赋，确定具体业态；村落层面，推行“一村一策”，聚焦打造比较优势，形成错位发展、功能互补的县域产业生态圈。此外，创新“产业—就业”一体化政策工具箱，有效整合产业扶持政策与就业促进政策。将新增就业岗位数量、员工薪资增长水平作为评价乡村产业项目（包括帮扶产业项目）成效、分配产业衔接资金的核心指标之一，形成“以产促就、以就稳产”的政策导向。

Cultivate distinctive advantageous industries and industrial agglomeration, and build the core engine for stable employment. Do a good job on the “local specialties” [9]9 “Local specialties” (土特产) here refers to distinctive local agricultural and artisanal products, a term often used in rural revitalization policy. article, and build landmark industrial chains. Deeply explore and scientifically plan agricultural products, handicrafts, and ecological and cultural resources with local characteristics, promoting their extension from “raw material output” to “full industrial chain.” Support the development of deep processing of agricultural products, expand the industrial chain, increase added value, and in this process create more high-quality jobs in research and development, quality control, marketing, management, and other fields. Build regional public brands, using brand premiums to drive income increases for farmers throughout the entire industrial chain. Guide industrial agglomeration and promote digital transformation. Guide agricultural product processing enterprises to move downstream to production areas and concentrate in industrial parks, leveraging the cluster effect of industries to reduce logistics costs, attract supporting enterprises to gather, and expand employment capacity. Vigorously implement “digital commerce to revitalize agriculture,” [10]10 “Digital commerce to revitalize agriculture” (数商兴农) is a policy initiative promoting the use of digital commerce platforms to boost rural economic development. support the development of new business forms such as live-streaming e-commerce and community group buying, cultivate new occupations such as “rural livestreamers” and “digital new farmers,” break geographical restrictions through the digital economy, and empower rural industrial development through the digital economy.

培育特色优势产业与产业集聚，打造稳定就业的核心引擎。做好“土特产”文章，打造地标性产业链。深入挖掘并科学规划具有地方特色的农产品、手工艺品、生态文化资源，推动其从“原材料产出”向“全产业链”延伸。支持发展农产品精深加工，拓展产业链，提升附加值，在此过程中创造更多研发、品控、营销、管理等高质量就业岗位。打造区域公用品牌，以品牌溢价带动整个产业链上的农户增收。引导产业集聚与推进数字化转型。引导农产品加工企业向产地下沉、向园区集中，发挥产业集群效应，降低物流成本，吸引配套企业集聚，扩大就业容量。大力实施“数商兴农”，支持直播电商、社区团购等新业态发展，培育“乡村主播”“数字新农人”等新型职业，通过数字经济打破地域限制，实现数字经济赋能乡村产业发展。

Implement precise skills training and talent cultivation and introduction, and improve the level of human capital. On the one hand, establish a training mechanism of “enterprises place orders, training institutions provide menus, and the government pays the bills.” Regularly conduct surveys on enterprise labor demand, dynamically adjust and optimize training content based on industrial plans and enterprise needs, vigorously carry out “order-based” training related to leading rural industries, and ensure that trainees can take up jobs after training. On the other hand, implement a talent strategy of “both internal and external efforts.” Vigorously cultivate local leaders in wealth creation, rural craftsmen, and high-quality farmers, giving full play to their role as “leading geese”; [11]11 “Leading geese” (领头雁) is a metaphor for pioneers or role models who guide and inspire others, commonly used in Chinese rural development discourse. attract talent from multiple sources, implement the “returning geese project,” [12]12 “Returning geese project” (归雁工程) is a policy initiative to encourage people who have left rural areas (e.g., for education or work) to return and contribute to local development. attracting college students, migrant workers, retired military personnel, and others to return to their hometowns for entrepreneurship and employment.

实施精准技能培训与人才引育，提升人力资本水平。一方面，建立“企业出订单、培训机构出菜单、政府来买单”的培训机制。定期开展企业用工需求调查，根据产业规划和企业需要，动态调整优化培训内容，大力开展与乡村主导产业相关的“订单式”培训，确保培训后能上岗。另一方面，实施“内外并举”的人才策略。大力培育本土致富带头人、乡村工匠、高素质农民，发挥其“领头雁”作用；多方引智，实施“归雁工程”，吸引大学生、外出务工人员、退役军人等返乡创业就业。

(Authors: Wang Yi and Liu Lei are respectively a Distinguished Researcher of the Beijing Research Center for Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and Professor at Capital University of Economics and Business, and a Postdoctoral Fellow at the Business School of Beijing Technology and Business University)

（作者：王轶、刘蕾，分别系北京市习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究中心特约研究员、首都经济贸易大学教授，北京工商大学商学院博士后）