The Theoretical Innovation and Global Significance of Chinese-Path Modernization from the Perspective of the Global South

Modernization is an inevitable trend in the development of human society, a fundamental prerequisite for the realization of the free and comprehensive development of the individual, and even more so a common goal that all humanity assiduously pursues. Chinese-path modernization, grounded in the fundamental stance of Marxism, through the continuous advancement of the "Two Integrations"[1]1 The Two Integrations: Refers to the integration of the basic tenets of Marxism with China's specific realities and with the best of traditional Chinese culture., has formed a theoretical system that conforms to China's national conditions, manifests Chinese characteristics, embodies Chinese civilization, and responds to China's realities. Against the backdrop of the gradual decline of Western hegemonism and the collective rise of the Global South, the theoretical innovation of Chinese-path modernization can not only inspire Global South countries long constrained by Western colonialism and modernization models to break through development dilemmas and accelerate their modernization transformation, but also promote mutually beneficial and win-win cooperation among countries. This holds significant theoretical and practical importance for promoting the common development of Global South countries and the reform and improvement of the global governance system.

现代化是人类社会发展的必然趋势，是实现人的自由全面发展的根本前提，更是全人类孜孜以求的共同目标。中国式现代化立足马克思主义根本立场，通过持续推进“两个结合”,形成了符合中国国情、彰显中国特色、蕴含中华文明、回应中国现实的理论体系。在西方霸权主义日渐式微与全球南方群体性崛起的时代背景下，中国式现代化的理论创新既能激励长期受西方殖民主义与现代化模式桎梏的全球南方国家突破发展困境、加速现代化转型，又能推动国家间积极开展互利共赢合作，对推动全球南方国家共同发展与全球治理体系改革完善具有重要的理论与现实意义。

Current academic research on Chinese-path modernization, from the perspective of historical materialism, has already yielded rich theoretical results centered on core issues such as its scientific connotation, value implications, internal logic, practical significance, and contemporary requirements. This paper, by introducing the perspective of the Global South, explores the innovative logic of the theoretical system of Chinese-path modernization and its enlightening significance for Global South countries. It aims to further excavate the practical effects of Chinese-path modernization, enhance its important position within the global modernization landscape, and provide Chinese wisdom for promoting the building of a community with a shared future for mankind and developing a new form of human civilization.

当前学术界关于中国式现代化的研究在唯物史观视域下围绕其科学内涵、价值意蕴、内在逻辑、现实意义和时代要求等核心议题，已经取得了丰硕的理论成果。本文通过引入全球南方视角，探讨中国式现代化理论体系的创新逻辑及其对全球南方国家的启示意义，旨在进一步挖掘中国式现代化的现实效应，提升中国式现代化在世界现代化格局中的重要地位，为推动构建人类命运共同体、发展人类文明新形态提供中国智慧。

I. The Historical Evolution and Realistic Tensions of the Global South Discourse

一、全球南方话语的历史演变与现实张力

As a concept with distinct political overtones, the Global South transcends traditional geographical divisions. In the sense of a political entity, it represents a collection of emerging market economies and developing countries, essentially a continuation of the developing country camp as a whole. In the sense of a conceptual subject, it can be understood as "a site of knowledge production," representing a collective will for decolonization and de-dependency, as well as a mode of discourse reproduction characterized by "autonomous awakening" and "fairness and justice." Currently, the understanding of this concept in foreign academic circles has not yet fully escaped the binary opposition logic of "South-North," leading to considerable deviations in grasping the Global South. Some scholars view the rise of the Global South as a potential liberating force that will bring about a more democratic and just model of global governance. However, there are also views that the rise of the Global South is essentially the result of alternative forces and the rise of great powers. Faced with such cognitive differences, it is necessary to further sort out the discursive evolution of the Global South concept and the realistic tensions it faces as a political entity, in order to enhance an objective understanding and scientific grasp of this concept.

全球南方作为一个带有鲜明政治色彩的概念，其内涵超越传统地理划分，在政治实体意义上代表新兴市场国家和发展中国家的集合体，本质是发展中国家阵营的整体延续；在观念主体意义上可以被理解为“知识生产的地点”(A site of knowledge production),代表一种去殖民、去依附的集体意志以及“自主觉醒”“公平正义”等话语再生产方式。目前国外学界对于该概念的认知还未完全脱离“南方—北方”的二元对立逻辑，对全球南方的把握存在较大偏差。一些学者将全球南方的崛起视为可能的解放力量，将带来更加民主和公正的全球治理模式。然而，也有观点认为全球南方的崛起本质上是替代性力量和大国崛起的结果。面对这类认知差异，有必要进一步梳理全球南方概念的话语演变以及其作为政治实体面临的现实张力，以提升对这一概念的客观认知和科学把握。

1. The Discursive Evolution of the Global South Concept

1.全球南方概念的话语演变

The concept of the Global South can be traced back to 1969, when it was proposed by the American left-wing political activist Carl Oglesby. Before this, the term "South" had been used in different contexts to describe a marginalized position. With the end of the Cold War, the rise of globalization discourse, and the contestation of diverse social trends, the word "South" was prefixed with "Global." As an international political concept, the Global South has occupied an increasingly important position in the international discourse system. As a dynamically developing concept itself, the Global South concept has also undergone the following three shifts.

全球南方这一概念最早可以追溯到1969年，由美国左翼政治活动家卡尔·奥格尔斯比提出。在此之前，“南方”这一术语就在不同语境中被用来描述一种边缘化的位置。随着冷战结束、全球化话语兴起及多元社会思潮博弈，“南方”一词被冠以“全球”前缀，作为国际政治概念的全球南方在国际话语体系中占据越来越重要的位置。作为动态发展的概念本身，全球南方概念也经历了以下三重转向。

First, a shift from the "geo-spatial" to the "geo-historical" dimension.

第一，从“地缘—空间”到“地缘—历史”维度的转向。

Although "South" does not specifically refer to the geographical Southern Hemisphere, it still leans towards a "non-Northern" space in a geopolitical sense. At the theoretical level, the concept of "South" draws on Gramsci's discussion of the Southern Question in Italy, emphasizing the inequality of development between the North and South and the exploitation of the South by the North. At the practical level, the anti-war sentiments that emerged in American society during the Cold War, the anti-colonial struggles of Third World countries, and national liberation movements collectively formed the ideological basis of the Global South concept, namely its distinct "non-Northern" political character. However, unlike the "alliance" relationships among Northern countries, which are relatively close in terms of development levels, political systems, and values, the Global South is not an internally consistent, coherent, or homogeneous whole, nor is it a utopia free from conflicts and divergences of interest. Therefore, whether from an academic analysis or a political standpoint, the connotation of the Global South concept should be re-examined. As some scholars have pointed out, interpreting the Global South solely from the "geo-spatial" dimension can easily repeat the old path of developing country studies, oversimplifying originally diverse and complex countries and collectives.

尽管“南方”并不特指地理意义上的南半球，但仍偏向地缘意义上的“非北方”空间。从理论层面来看，“南方”概念借鉴了葛兰西关于意大利南方问题的论述，强调南北方发展的不平等以及北方对南方的剥削问题。在现实层面，冷战时期在美国社会涌现的反战思潮、第三世界国家反殖民主义斗争以及民族解放运动共同构成了全球南方概念的意识形态基础，即鲜明的“非北方”政治色彩。然而，与北方国家发展水平、政治制度与价值观念相对接近的“同盟”关系不同，全球南方并不是内在一致、连贯且同质化的整体，也并非一个不存在冲突与利益分歧的乌托邦。因此，无论是从学理分析还是政治立场出发，都应重新审视全球南方概念的内涵。正如有学者提出的，如果仅从“地缘—空间”维度解读全球南方，很容易重蹈发展中国家研究的老路，将原本多样复杂的国家和集体过度简化。

Since the world order is a historical system of production, the Global South concept should incorporate a historical dimension on the basis of space, excavating the generative logic behind the North-South gap. The current exploitation of the Global South by Northern countries is not limited to unequal trade agreements and financial instruments at the distribution level. More importantly, Northern countries continue the colonial-era logic of "production-exploitation," continuously accumulating productive capital through a series of forces such as knowledge monopolies, platform technology advantages, and discursive hegemony, treating Global South countries as rule-takers under the dominant model of the North. In this sense, the Global South is precisely a historical counterpart and practical response to the hegemonic structure of Northern countries. Its concept both transcends the traditional spatial order and is rooted in the historical division of labor brought about by economic globalization, reflecting the historical influence of Northern countries in multiple aspects, including colonial rule and development paths, behind the inequality of North-South development.

由于世界秩序是历史性的生产体系，全球南方概念应在空间的基础上涵盖历史维度，挖掘南北差距背后的生成逻辑。当前北方国家对于全球南方的剥削不仅停留在分配层面的不平等贸易协定与金融手段，更重要的是，北方国家仍延续着殖民时期的“生产—剥削”逻辑，通过一系列知识垄断、平台技术优势与话语霸权等力量不断累积生产性资本，并将全球南方国家作为北方国家主导模式下的规则接受方。在这个意义上，全球南方恰是对北方国家霸权结构的历史对应和现实回应，其概念既是对传统空间秩序的超越，又根植于经济全球化所带来的历史性分工之中，反映出南北发展不平等背后北方国家在殖民统治和发展路径等多个方面的历史影响。

Second, a shift from passive dependency to active participation.

第二，从被动依附到积极参与的转向。

Early discourse viewed Global South countries as marginalized groups within the imperialist global expansion network, emphasizing their economically low per capita GDP and politically marginal position in the international political and economic system, thus carrying connotations of passivity and dependency. The proposal of the "Brandt Line" in 1977 further divided Northern and Southern countries based on the level of modernization development, pointing out that Global South countries generally face problems such as low per capita income, economic dependence on primary industries, dense populations, and weak infrastructure. With the collective rise of Global South countries since the 21st century and the profound transformation of the international order and global governance system, the Global South has evolved from a group of dependent countries into a collection of emerging market economies, gradually becoming a backbone force in world economic development. South-South cooperation and regional integration processes have also become important channels for Global South countries to reshape cooperation frameworks and expand collective influence. Today, the Global South concept places greater emphasis on the explicit narrative logic of discursive decision-making power. By promoting the unity of multiple forces at economic, political, and cultural levels, it actively participates in the reform and practice of the global economic governance system, continuously enhancing the voice of countries historically in a subordinate position and promoting the rebalancing of the global power structure. The political foundation of independence and autonomy, the historical mission of development and revitalization, and the common advocacy of fairness and justice enable Global South countries to unite and cooperate, becoming a key force in the transformation of the international order.

早期话语将全球南方国家视为帝国主义全球扩张网络下的边缘群体，强调其经济上拥有较低的人均国内生产总值和政治上在国际政治经济体系中处于较边缘的地位，因此具有被动、依附的隐喻。1977年“勃兰特线”的提出，更是从现代化发展水平划分了南北方国家，指出全球南方国家普遍面临的人均收入低、经济依赖初级产业、人口密集、基础设施薄弱等问题。随着21世纪以来全球南方国家群体性崛起以及国际秩序和全球治理体系的深刻变革，全球南方已从过去的依附国家发展成为新兴市场国家的集合体，逐渐成为世界经济发展的中坚力量。南南合作和地区一体化进程也成为全球南方国家重塑合作框架、扩大集体影响的重要渠道。如今，全球南方概念更加注重话语决策权的显性叙事逻辑，通过在经济、政治和文化等层面推动多方力量的联合，积极参与全球经济治理体系的改革和实践，不断提升处于历史性从属地位国家的话语权，推动全球权力格局重塑平衡。独立自主的政治底色、发展振兴的历史使命和公道正义的共同主张使全球南方国家能够团结合作，成为国际秩序变革的关键力量。

Third, a shift from a single development characteristic to a decolonial discourse of multiple identities.

第三，从单一发展特征到多元身份认同的去殖民话语转向。

As a term that has entered the reality of international politics, the Global South has, to a large extent, developed the Cold War-era concept of the “Third World.” Since the adoption of the *Declaration on the Establishment of a New International Economic Order* in 1974, the discourse of the Global South has reflected a collective vision of establishing a fairer global governance system, representing the voice of post-colonial and developing countries uniting within the world political landscape and aspiring to break free from Western dominance. At the same time, due to the significant heterogeneity within the Global South—where different countries have divergent paths of modernization development and political orientations—the concept of the Global South is increasingly transcending the singular economic attributes and modernization development characteristics of “developing countries” or the “Third World,” becoming a richer new concept in international politics. By incorporating countries with contested identities, such as Turkey, Argentina, and Russia, into this collective, the concept of the Global South emphasizes the pursuit of subjectivity and a discursive turn toward decolonization. In summary, the Global South represents a group of countries based on a shared historical background of colonialism, a common mission of modernization development, and aligned international interests, with the identity recognition among its internal members being multi-layered and pluralistic.

作为一项已进入国际政治现实的术语，全球南方在很大程度上发展了冷战时期的“第三世界”概念。自1974年《建立新的国际经济秩序宣言》通过以来，全球南方话语反映了建立更公平的全球治理体系的集体愿景，代表着后殖民国家和发展中国家在世界政治格局中团结一致、渴望摆脱西方主导地位的声音。与此同时，由于全球南方内部异质性显著——不同国家的现代化发展道路和政治取向各不相同，全球南方概念正日益超越“发展中国家”或“第三世界”单一经济属性与现代化发展特征的内涵，成为更丰富的国际政治新概念。通过将身份认同有争议的土耳其、阿根廷和俄罗斯等国家纳入该集体，全球南方概念强调对主体性的追求以及去殖民的话语转向。总之，全球南方代表着基于共同的殖民历史背景、现代化发展使命和国际利益诉求的国家集团，其内部成员之间的身份认同是多层次、多元化的。

In conclusion, the concept of the Global South is a further development of the “Third World” concept. It refers to a collective of emerging market and developing countries that, in the past, were structurally marginalized within the framework of the capitalist world system due to the historical legacy of colonialism and discursive hegemony. Today, with the reorganization of the global order and the decline of traditional hegemony, these countries are experiencing a collective rise. Unlike the dominance of the Northern countries’ discourse system, the exploitative nature of production, and the homogeneity of modernization development, the Global South, as a political “symbol” of resistance, represents a critique of the international order dominated by Northern countries, as well as of colonialism and neoliberal capitalism, exhibiting distinct characteristics of anti-dependency and decolonization. By deepening mechanisms such as South-South cooperation, Global South countries are actively participating in the reform and practice of the global economic governance system, uniting against hegemonism and unilateralism, and promoting a rebalancing of the global power structure. The Global South is becoming a development community of mutual respect and recognition, embodying the aspirations of progressive forces worldwide for peaceful development, fairness, and justice.

综上所述，全球南方概念是“第三世界”概念的进一步发展。它指的是这样一类新兴市场国家和发展中国家集合体：过去在资本主义世界体系框架下，受殖民主义历史遗留和话语霸权影响，它们长期处于结构性边缘地位；如今，随着全球秩序重组和传统霸权衰退，这些国家正迎来群体性崛起。与北方国家话语体系的主导性、生产的剥削性和现代化发展的同质性不同，全球南方作为一种政治抵抗“符号”,代表着对由北方国家主导的国际秩序以及殖民主义和新自由主义资本主义的批判，具有鲜明的反依附性和去殖民化特征。通过深化南南合作等机制，全球南方国家正积极参与全球经济治理体系改革和实践，团结对抗霸权主义和单边主义，推动全球权力格局重塑平衡。全球南方正成为一个彼此尊重、认可的发展共同体，体现世界进步力量对和平发展与公平正义的诉求。

2. The Real Tensions in the Development of the Global South

2.全球南方发展的现实张力

As an emerging collective force, the Global South not only carries the collective vision of resisting dependency and pursuing autonomous development but has also become an important political force that cannot be ignored in the process of transforming the contemporary international order. However, as a category encompassing a broad range of national groups, the Global South is not a monolithic bloc; rather, it is embedded with Northern countries in the political and economic relations of the global system. Therefore, in its dynamic development process, it does not always present homogeneous political will and interest demands. On the contrary, the heterogeneity among countries and the complexity of the external environment hinder the identity recognition and intersubjective acknowledgment of the Global South, subjecting the collective discursive expression and practice of Global South countries to numerous real tensions.

作为一支新兴的集体性力量，全球南方不仅承载着反抗依附状态、追求自主发展的集体愿景，也成为当代国际秩序变革进程中不可忽视的重要政治力量。然而，作为一个涵盖广泛国家群体的范畴，全球南方并非铁板一块，而是与北方国家相互嵌入全球体系的政治经济关系中。因此，在其动态发展的过程中并非始终呈现出同质性的政治意志和利益诉求；相反，国家间的异质性和外部环境的复杂性阻碍了全球南方的身份认同与主体间承认，并使全球南方国家的集体性话语表达与实践面临诸多现实张力。

From the perspective of internal heterogeneity, first, there are significant differences among Global South countries in development concepts and development paths. Taking Latin American countries as an example, in recent years, the regional political development of Latin America has shown a distinct trend of polarization: left-wing governments represented by countries such as Bolivia, Venezuela, and Colombia emphasize the dominant role of the state in resource allocation and social welfare, attempting to break free from the dominance of the Western capitalist system through a series of socialist concepts and practices, while actively exploring development paths different from the neoliberal model. Argentina, on the other hand, under the dominance of neoliberal logic, has chosen to strengthen its integration with the international financial system, implementing market-oriented policies such as privatization and fiscal austerity, and refusing to join the BRICS. This divergence in ideology and policy orientation actually reflects the different trade-offs Global South countries make between independent autonomous development and dependence on global capital, and also mirrors the differences in social structures, histories of dependency, and colonial epistemologies within their domestic governance. In this context, how to seek value consensus without obscuring differences and promote institutional coordination among Southern countries has become an important issue that the common development of the Global South urgently needs to address.

从内部的异质性来看，首先，全球南方国家在发展理念和发展路径上存在显著差异。以拉美国家为例，近年来拉美区域政治发展呈现出鲜明的分化趋势：以玻利维亚、委内瑞拉和哥伦比亚等国为代表的左翼政府，强调国家在资源分配和社会福利中的主导角色，试图通过一系列社会主义理念与实践摆脱西方资本主义体系的主导，同时积极探索不同于新自由主义模式的发展道路。而阿根廷则在新自由主义逻辑的主导下，选择强化与国际金融体系的接轨，推行私有化、财政紧缩等市场主导型政策，并拒绝加入金砖国家。这种意识形态与政策取向的分歧，实际上映射出全球南方国家在独立自主发展与依附全球资本之间所作的不同权衡，也反映了其内部国家治理中社会结构、依附历史与殖民主义认识论的差异。在这一背景下，如何在不掩盖差异的前提下寻求价值共识、推进南方国家间的制度协调，成为全球南方共同发展亟须回应的重要课题。

Second, there are significant differences in geopolitical orientations among Global South countries. Some countries emphasize decolonization narratives but, constrained by their own weak discursive power and the desire for rapid development, are forced to depend on Western hegemony. Other countries maintain a high degree of dependence on Western countries in areas such as strategic security and science and technology, making it difficult for them to completely break away from hegemonic logic in global governance issues. Some countries remain important components of the U.S. alliance system, relying on the security treaties of the dominant power to contain regional conflicts. However, when facing the global unequal system, especially in areas such as multilateralism, climate justice, food security, energy crises, and financial system reform, these countries also express identification with the political propositions of the Global South. This structural contradiction of both dependence and resistance causes the Global South to constantly oscillate between strategic alliances and value appeals, and also makes its construction of collective identity and collective action full of uncertainty.

其次，全球南方国家在地缘政治倾向上存在显著差异。部分国家强调去殖民叙事，但囿于自身微弱的话语权与实现快速发展的诉求，又不得不依附于西方霸权。还有部分国家在战略安全和科学技术等领域对西方国家保持高度依赖，这使得这些国家在全球治理议题中难以完全脱离霸权逻辑。一些国家仍是美国联盟体系中的重要组成部分，依仗主导国的安全条约来遏制地区冲突。然而，这些国家在面对全球不平等体系，尤其是在多边主义、气候正义、食品安全、能源危机和金融体系改革等方面，又表达出对全球南方政治主张的认同。这种既依赖又反抗的结构性矛盾导致全球南方在战略联盟与价值诉求之间不断摇摆，也使得其在构建集体身份与采取集体行动上充满不确定性。

From the perspective of the external environment, in the face of the growing collective discursive power of the Global South, the Western-dominated discourse system often attempts to weaken the critical force of the Global South by employing strategies of “de-valorization” and “de-historicization,” thereby eroding the consciousness of resistance against imperialism and colonialism within the concept of the Global South. Within the framework of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, which include 17 Sustainable Development Goals and 169 specific targets, issues related to the Global South are often simplified into “depoliticized” neutral goals such as eradicating extreme poverty, protecting the environment, and achieving gender equality, while the imperialist and colonial exploitation and hegemonic logic behind economic, social, and environmental sustainable development are obscured. The United States and other Western countries have also fabricated narratives such as the “Chinese debt trap,” deliberately sowing discord between China and other developing countries, using the term “Global South” as a discursive trap to divide developing countries. The real tensions of the Global South are not a contingent phenomenon but rather a contradictory structure inherent in its existence as a historical political subject and discourse system. From internal heterogeneity to external discursive challenges, the term “Global South” remains in a dynamic process of continuous construction. As an important member of the Global South, China’s path of Chinese-path modernization and its innovation in discourse systems not only provide a reference paradigm for modernization development for Global South countries but also promote the construction of collective identity and value subjectivity of the Global South at both discursive and practical levels.

从外部环境来看，面对全球南方日益增长的集体话语权，西方主导的话语体系往往试图通过“去价值化”和“去历史化”的策略，削弱全球南方概念中对帝国主义和殖民主义的反抗意识，从而消解全球南方的批判性力量。在联合国可持续发展框架下的17个可持续发展目标和169个具体目标中，全球南方相关议题往往被简化为消除极端贫困、保护环境以及实现性别平等等“去政治化”的中性目标，经济、社会和环境可持续发展背后的帝国主义和殖民主义剥削与霸权逻辑则被掩盖。美西方还炮制“中国债务陷阱”等叙事，蓄意挑拨中国与其他发展中国家之间的友好关系，将全球南方一词视为分化发展中国家的话语陷阱。全球南方的现实张力并非偶发性现象，而是其作为历史性政治主体与话语体系所内在携带的矛盾性结构。从内部的异质性再到外部的话语挑战，全球南方一词仍处于不断建构的动态过程中。而作为全球南方的重要成员，中国的中国式现代化道路与其话语体系创新不仅为全球南方国家提供了可借鉴的现代化发展范式，更在话语与实践层面推动了全球南方的集体身份认同与价值主体性的建构。

II. Theoretical Innovation of Chinese-Path Modernization from the Perspective of the Global South

二、全球南方视角下中国式现代化的理论创新

The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC [2]2 The 20th National Congress of the CPC was held in October 2022, at which Xi Jinping delivered a report outlining clearly states: “Chinese-path modernization is socialist modernization pursued under the leadership of the Communist Party of China. It contains elements that are common to the modernization processes of all countries, but it is more characterized by features that are unique to the Chinese context.” This important exposition highlights the essential requirements and Chinese characteristics of Chinese-path modernization. Among these, Chinese-path modernization transcends the singular logic of capital in Western modernization at the political, economic, ecological, cultural, and social levels, innovating the theoretical system of modernization development from the perspective of the Global South.

党的二十大报告明确指出：“中国式现代化，是中国共产党领导的社会主义现代化，既有各国现代化的共同特征，更有基于自己国情的中国特色。”这一重要论述彰显了中国式现代化的本质要求与中国特色。其中，中国式现代化在政治、经济、生态、文化和社会层面超越了西方现代化的单一资本逻辑，在全球南方视角下创新了现代化发展的理论体系。

1. Political Level—Socialist Modernization Led by a Marxist Political Party

1.政治层面——马克思主义政党领导的社会主义现代化

The leadership of the Communist Party of China determines the fundamental nature of Chinese-path modernization. The Party’s nature, purpose, original aspiration and founding mission, faith and convictions, policies and propositions determine that Chinese-path modernization is socialist modernization, not any other kind of modernization. General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out: “Party leadership bears directly on the fundamental direction, future and destiny, and ultimate success of Chinese-path modernization.” [3]3 Xi Jinping, “Upholding and Improving the Basic Socialist Economic System,” in *Xi Jinping: The Governance of China*, vol. 4 (Beijing: Foreign As the world’s largest Marxist governing party, the CPC adheres to Marxist concepts of modernization development. On the one hand, the CPC upholds the positions, viewpoints, and methods of historical materialism, examining Chinese-path modernization as embedded in the global process of modernization development. Marx’s study of Eastern societies proves that capitalism is by no means the only path to modernization, nor is it a necessary route to communist society; it cannot encompass the entire historical process of modernization development. Because the actual conditions of various countries—such as nature, history, culture, and the level of productive forces—differ, the paths to achieving modernization are necessarily diverse. On this basis, Marx put forward the idea of “crossing the Caudine Forks.” [4]4 The "five civilizations" refer to material civilization, political civilization, spiritual civilization, social civilization, and ecological civilization, which correspond to the goals of building a modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful. The "Five-Sphere Integrated Plan" is the overall plan for building socialism with Chinese characteristics, covering economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological civilization construction. This transcends the modernization models of “endogenous dominance” and “external dependency” under the logic of capital, breaking the path dependence of modernization on the capitalist system. On the other hand, the CPC adheres to the Marxist people-centered political stance, emphasizing that the essence of modernization is the realization of human modernization. The free and comprehensive development of the individual is an inherent requirement of Marxism. Chinese-path modernization, by achieving the dialectical unity of humanity and nature, humanity and society, and humanity and the self, promotes society’s leap from the realm of necessity to the realm of freedom, truly realizing the free and comprehensive development of the individual.

中国共产党的领导决定中国式现代化的根本性质。党的性质宗旨、初心使命、信仰信念、政策主张决定了中国式现代化是社会主义现代化，而不是别的什么现代化。习近平总书记指出：“党的领导直接关系中国式现代化的根本方向、前途命运、最终成败。”作为世界上最大的马克思主义执政党，中国共产党坚持马克思主义关于现代化发展的理念。一方面，中国共产党坚持唯物史观的立场、观点和方法，将中国式现代化嵌入世界现代化发展进程中进行审视。马克思对东方社会的研究证明，资本主义绝非现代化的唯一途径，也不是通向共产主义社会的必经之路，不能涵盖现代化发展的全部历史进程。由于世界各国的自然、历史、文化和生产力水平等现实条件各不相同，实现现代化的道路也必然是多样的。在此基础上，马克思提出了跨越“卡夫丁峡谷”的设想。跨越资本逻辑下“内生主导型”和“外向依附型”的现代化发展模式，打破了现代化对资本主义制度的路径依赖。另一方面，中国共产党坚持马克思主义以人民为中心的政治立场，强调现代化的本质是实现人的现代化。人的自由全面发展是马克思主义的内在要求，中国式现代化通过实现人与自然、人与社会、人与自我的辩证统一，推动社会实现从必然王国到自由王国的飞跃，真正实现人的自由而全面的发展。

Western competitive democracy relies on a binary oppositional electoral mechanism. This competitive democracy, from its very source, severs the wholeness of popular sovereignty and seriously damages the interests of the masses. Some Global South countries, deeply influenced by their colonial histories, have, in order to shorten the modernization process, continued or imitated Western parliamentary systems at the level of political institutions, leading to mismatches or even rejection between the democratic operation system and actual national conditions. As General Secretary Xi Jinping has said: “Does adopting the Western system bring

西方的竞争性民主依赖二元对立的选举机制，这种竞争民主从源头上割裂了人民主权的整体性，严重损害了人民群众的利益。一些深受殖民历史影响的全球南方国家为了缩短现代化进程，在政治制度层面延续或效仿西方的议会制度，导致民主运行体系与实际国情不匹配甚至排异的情况出现。正如习近平总书记所说：“搞了西方的那套东西就更自由、更民主、更稳定了吗?一些发展中国家照搬西方政治制度和政党制度模式，结果如何呢?很多国家陷入政治动荡、社会动乱，人民流离失所。”不同于西方的竞争民主，中国的政治制度为中国式现代化建设凝心聚力，统筹各方力量积极参与，通过“集中力量办大事”的机制，能够在短时间内调动全社会资源，有效推进重大项目的实施。中国的制度一方面避免了政党更替带来的政策不连贯性和对执行力的削弱，使得国家能够实现长远的战略规划；另一方面依靠政府的集中决策和协调机制，能够迅速克服资源分配不均和地方利益的冲突，保障现代化建设稳步推进。

2. Economic Dimension – Building a High-Level Socialist Market Economy System

2.经济层面——构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制

The socialist market economy system is a major theoretical and practical innovation of socialism with Chinese characteristics and an important guarantee for Chinese-path modernization. By building a high-level socialist market economy system, upholding and improving the basic socialist economic system on the basis of high-quality development of productive forces, and correctly handling the relationship between the government and the market, Chinese-path modernization has greatly stimulated economic vitality and promoted a dynamic balance between efficiency and equity.

社会主义市场经济体制是中国特色社会主义的重大理论和实践创新，是中国式现代化的重要保障。通过构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制，在高质量发展生产力的基础之上坚持和完善社会主义基本经济制度，正确处理政府和市场关系，中国式现代化极大地激发了经济活力，推动实现了效率与公平的动态平衡。

First, uphold and improve the basic socialist economic system. The adaptation of relations of production to the level of development of productive forces is a fundamental law that must be followed in socialist economic construction. Unlike the institutional arrangements of Western capitalist countries, which are based on private ownership and emphasize the allocation of resources and maximization of profits through the free market, in the primary stage of socialism, the basic economic system of public ownership as the mainstay and diverse forms of ownership developing together is an important component of the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and an inevitable requirement for perfecting the socialist market economy system. General Secretary Xi Jinping has repeatedly stressed the need to “uphold and improve the basic socialist economic system, unswervingly consolidate and develop the public sector of the economy, and unswervingly encourage, support, and guide the development of the non-public sector of the economy.” [3]3 Xi Jinping, “Upholding and Improving the Basic Socialist Economic System,” in *Xi Jinping: The Governance of China*, vol. 4 (Beijing: Foreign The basic economic system of public ownership as the mainstay and diverse forms of ownership developing together has a dual functional orientation. In terms of its foundational status, it provides basic institutional guarantees for the distribution system of distribution according to work as the mainstay and multiple forms of distribution coexisting, and for the construction of the socialist market economy system. In terms of its overall status, this institutional arrangement is characterized by clarity and consistency, deepening continuously as the level of development of productive forces rises. This not only meets the practical requirements of China’s current accelerated development of new quality productive forces but also reflects the superiority of the socialist system, providing fundamental support for building a modernized economic system and continuously advancing Chinese-path modernization.

首先，坚持和完善社会主义基本经济制度。生产关系适应生产力的发展水平是社会主义经济建设必须遵循的基本规律。不同于西方资本主义国家以私有制为基础、强调以自由市场实现资源配置与利润最大化的制度安排，在社会主义初级阶段，实行公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共同发展的基本经济制度，是中国特色社会主义制度的重要组成部分，也是完善社会主义市场经济体制的必然要求。习近平总书记多次强调，要“坚持和完善社会主义基本经济制度，毫不动摇巩固和发展公有制经济，毫不动摇鼓励、支持、引导非公有制经济发展”。公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共同发展的基本经济制度具有双重功能定位。就基础性地位而言，它为按劳分配为主体、多种分配方式并存的分配制度与社会主义市场经济体制的构建提供了基本的制度保障；就全局性地位而言，该制度安排具有明确性和一贯性特征，随着生产力发展水平的提升而不断深化。这既符合我国现阶段加快发展新质生产力的实践要求，又体现了社会主义制度的优越性，为建设现代化经济体系、不断推进中国式现代化提供根本支撑。

Second, uphold and implement the scientific combination of an effective market and a competent government. The market plays a decisive role in the allocation of resources and a primary role in areas such as innovation-driven development and industrial upgrading, serving as the main force driving high-quality economic development. Under the economic system of Chinese-path modernization, the market can not only effectively promote the optimal allocation of resources but also stimulate the innovation vitality of enterprises and other social entities, driving the upgrading of the industrial structure. Global South countries often face problems such as relatively backward technological levels, weak industrial foundations, insufficient independent innovation capacity, and capital shortages, making it impossible to rely solely on the free market mechanism to promote industrial upgrading and drive modernization. Therefore, they also need the state to use macro-control, policy guidance, and regulatory mechanisms to push the market to play a more efficient role in all aspects of economic operation. Specifically, on the one hand, the government, through a series of scientific strategic plans, institutional guarantees, and policy support, guides capital to flow toward high-tech, green, and strategic emerging industries, promoting the rapid development of emerging technology fields while ensuring the correct direction and stability of economic development. On the other hand, the government brings all types of financial activities under supervision in accordance with the law, protects intellectual property rights, combats unfair competition, ensures fairness and justice in the market environment, firmly holds the bottom line of preventing systemic risks, and further guides the healthy development of capital.

其次，坚持和落实有效市场和有为政府的科学结合。市场在资源配置领域起决定性作用，在创新驱动和产业升级等领域起主体作用，是推动经济高质量发展的主要力量。在中国式现代化的经济体系下，市场不仅能够有效促进资源的优化配置，还能够激发企业和其他社会主体的创新活力，推动产业结构升级。全球南方国家通常面临技术水平较落后、产业基础较薄弱、自主创新能力不足以及资本短缺等问题，无法仅依靠自由市场机制促进产业升级并推动现代化发展，因此还需要国家以宏观调控、政策引导以及监管机制推动市场在经济运行各个环节中发挥更为高效的作用。具体来说，一方面，政府通过一系列科学的战略规划、制度保障与政策扶持，引导资本向高科技、绿色产业和战略性新兴产业流动，在推动新兴科技领域快速发展的同时确保经济发展的正确方向和稳定性。另一方面，政府依法将各类金融活动全部纳入监管，保护知识产权，打击不正当竞争，确保市场环境的公平正义，牢牢守住不发生系统性风险的底线，进一步引导资本健康发展。

By upholding and improving the basic socialist economic system and fully coordinating the relationship between an effective market and a competent government, Chinese-path modernization continuously improves the socialist market economy system, achieving rapid economic and technological innovation while promoting social fairness and justice. This theoretical and practical innovation, which transcends the limitations of the capitalist “market supremacy” approach, has important reference significance for the high-quality economic development of Global South countries.

通过坚持和完善社会主义基本经济制度、充分协调有效市场和有为政府之间的关系，中国式现代化不断健全社会主义市场经济体制，在实现经济和科技创新快速发展的同时促进社会公平正义。这种超越资本主义“市场至上”局限性的理论与实践创新，对全球南方国家经济高质量发展具有重要的借鉴意义。

3. Ecological Dimension – Building a Beautiful China through Green Development

3.生态层面——以绿色发展建设美丽中国

Building a beautiful China is a national development strategy of Chinese-path modernization and an important goal of comprehensively building a modern socialist country. The 18th National Congress of the CPC [4]4 The "five civilizations" refer to material civilization, political civilization, spiritual civilization, social civilization, and ecological civilization, which correspond to the goals of building a modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful. The "Five-Sphere Integrated Plan" is the overall plan for building socialism with Chinese characteristics, covering economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological civilization construction. established the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan for the overall layout of socialist modernization, integrating the construction of an ecological civilization into the entire process of economic, political, cultural, and social construction, and for the first time proposed “beautiful China” as a governing philosophy and governing goal, clearly stating the need to strive to build a beautiful China and achieve the sustainable development of the Chinese nation. The 19th National Congress of the CPC [5]5 The Global Civilization Initiative was proposed by Xi Jinping in March 2023 at the CPC in Dialogue with World Political Parties High-Level Meeting. Its core content is the "four advocacies": respect for the diversity of world civilizations, promotion of the common values of all humanity, emphasis on civilization inheritance and innovation, and strengthening of international people-to-people and cultural exchanges and cooperation. added “beautiful” to the goal of building a modern socialist power, better aligning the goal of building a modern socialist country with the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan, and proposed a two-step strategic goal of basically achieving the goal of a beautiful China by 2035 and building a prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful modern socialist power by the middle of the 21st century. The proposal of the goal of building a beautiful China clarifies the fundamental direction of high-quality development under Chinese-path modernization. This transformation from a “high-pollution, high-energy-consumption” model of economic and social development to a “low-carbon, green, sustainable” model provides a sustainable development path for modernization for Global South countries.

建设美丽中国是中国式现代化的国家发展战略，也是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的重要目标。党的十八大确立了“五位一体”的社会主义现代化建设总体布局，将生态文明建设融入经济、政治、文化和社会建设的全过程中，并首次将“美丽中国”作为执政理念和执政目标提出，明确要努力建设美丽中国，实现中华民族永续发展。党的十九大在现代化强国奋斗目标中加入“美丽”,使社会主义现代化国家建设目标与“五位一体”总体布局更好对接，并提出到2035年基本实现美丽中国目标，到21世纪中叶建成富强民主文明和谐美丽的社会主义现代化强国的两步走战略目标。建设美丽中国目标的提出，明确了中国式现代化高质量发展的根本方向，这种从“高污染、高能耗”的经济社会发展模式向“低碳、绿色、可持续”模式的转变，为全球南方国家提供了一种可持续发展的现代化路径。

From the perspective of concrete practice, Chinese-path modernization places green development in an important position. Green development is a distinctive marker of modernization in the New Era, and the proposal of this concept has two practical backgrounds. On the one hand, against the backdrop of increasingly prominent global climate change and environmental issues, taking the path of green development is both a practical requirement for Chinese-path modernization to achieve "harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature" and a manifestation of China's assumption of major-country responsibility in promoting global green and low-carbon transformation and contributing to global sustainable development. Compared with Western developed countries, Global South countries generally have inadequate infrastructure for addressing climate change and weaker adaptive capacity, and with economic growth and the advancement of the modernization process, Global South countries face enormous pressure to reduce emissions. On the other hand, the world is currently undergoing a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation, with the green economic model rising rapidly. At the same time, Global South countries commonly face multiple challenges in economic development, such as insufficient momentum in traditional manufacturing, hindered independent innovation, and intensified international competition. Combining the above two backgrounds, promoting industrial transformation and upgrading and forming a green development model are sound strategies for addressing the current development situation. The green development model practiced by Chinese-path modernization is mainly reflected in three aspects: First, industrial transformation and upgrading. Taking the development of new quality productive forces as the focal point, it promotes the transformation of industries from low added value to high added value, from extensive growth to intensive development, and from factor-driven to innovation-driven. Second, leveraging the role of innovation-driven development. Guided by scientific and technological innovation, it organically combines building a manufacturing powerhouse with developing the digital economy and industrial informatization, promoting industrial upgrading, structural optimization, and high-quality economic development. Third, practicing a green lifestyle. It vigorously promotes energy conservation, emission reduction, and environmental protection concepts throughout society. These theoretical and practical innovations provide useful experience for promoting the coordinated development of resources, environment, and economy in the modernization process of Global South countries, and for accelerating the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development through high-quality development.

从具体实践层面来看，中国式现代化将绿色发展置于重要位置。绿色发展是新时代现代化的鲜明标识，该理念的提出有两方面的现实背景。一方面，在全球气候变化与环境问题日趋突出的背景下，走绿色发展道路既是中国式现代化实现“人与自然和谐共生”的实践要求，也是中国在推动全球绿色低碳转型、助力全球可持续发展中承担大国责任的担当所在。相较于西方发达国家，全球南方国家应对气候变化的基础设施普遍不足，适应能力较弱，并且随着经济增长和现代化进程的推进，全球南方国家面临巨大的减排压力。另一方面，当前全球正经历新一轮科技革命和产业变革，绿色经济模式快速崛起。与此同时，全球南方国家经济发展共同面临传统制造业动力不足、自主创新发展受阻、国际竞争加剧等多重挑战。综合上述两重背景，推动产业转型升级、形成绿色发展方式是应对当前发展态势的良策。中国式现代化践行的绿色发展方式主要体现在三方面：一是产业转型升级。以发展新质生产力为着力点，推动产业从低附加值向高附加值、从粗放增长向集约发展、从要素驱动向创新驱动转变。二是发挥创新驱动作用。以科技创新为引领，把建设制造强国同发展数字经济、产业信息化等有机结合，促进产业升级、结构优化和经济高质量发展。三是践行绿色生活方式。在全社会大力推广节能减排和环保理念。这些理论与实践创新，为推动全球南方国家现代化建设进程中资源、环境与经济的三方协同发展，并以高质量发展加快经济社会发展全面绿色转型提供了有益的经验借鉴。

4. Cultural Level — The Unique View of Civilization Contained in Chinese-Path Modernization

4.文化层面——中国式现代化蕴含的独特文明观

In his important speech at the opening ceremony of the seminar on studying and implementing the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the CPC [9]9 The 20th National Congress of the CPC was held in October 2022. The "seminar on studying and implementing the spirit" refers to a high-level Party study session for leading cadres, convened in early 2023., General Secretary Xi Jinping elucidated the "six views" contained in Chinese-path modernization: "The unique world view, values, historical view, view of civilization, view of democracy, and view of ecology contained in Chinese-path modernization, along with its great practice, represent a major innovation in the world's modernization theory and practice." Among these, the view of civilization contained in Chinese-path modernization is both rooted in the excellent traditional Chinese culture and fully absorbs the Marxist view of civilization, manifesting a new connotation of the development of human civilization and providing a Chinese solution for guiding the modernization development of Global South countries.

习近平总书记在学习贯彻党的二十大精神研讨班开班式上的重要讲话中阐明了中国式现代化蕴含的“六观”:“中国式现代化蕴含的独特世界观、价值观、历史观、文明观、民主观、生态观等及其伟大实践，是对世界现代化理论和实践的重大创新。”其中，中国式现代化蕴含的文明观既植根于中华优秀传统文化，又充分吸收了马克思主义文明观，彰显了人类文明发展的全新内涵，为引领全球南方国家现代化发展提供了中国方案。

[4]4 The "five civilizations" refer to material civilization, political civilization, spiritual civilization, social civilization, and ecological civilization, which correspond to the goals of building a modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful. The "Five-Sphere Integrated Plan" is the overall plan for building socialism with Chinese characteristics, covering economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological civilization construction. Second, the view of civilization contained in Chinese-path modernization emphasizes the organic integration of traditional civilization and modern civilization. Chinese-path modernization does not copy the Western modernization model, but instead draws unique humanistic spirit, ideological concepts, and moral norms from fine traditional Chinese culture, and, in accordance with the dynamic requirements of modernization development, innovatively refines the contemporary connotation and spiritual symbols of the subjectivity of Chinese culture, ensuring that socialist culture with Chinese characteristics maintains vitality throughout the modernization process. Global South countries have rich and diverse traditional cultures, but in the process of modernization, due to the cultural hegemony and suppression of the United States and the West, they have encountered the predicament of historical interruption in their development. The view of civilization contained in Chinese-path modernization provides important inspiration for Global South countries to break free from the influence of Western colonial culture in the modernization process, re-examine the value of their own local cultures, and strengthen cultural identity.

首先，中国式现代化蕴含的文明观强调物质文明与精神文明的协调发展。物质文明是现代文明的基础，是实现人民群众精神富有的前提条件。精神文明则是社会主义文明形态的重要特征，是促进全体人民精神生活共同富裕和人的全面发展的必要条件。党的十八大以来，习近平总书记高度重视物质文明和精神文明协调发展，并强调要坚持和发展中国特色社会主义，推动物质文明、政治文明、精神文明、社会文明和生态文明协调发展，创造人类文明新形态。一方面，“五个文明”是物质文明与精神文明这“两个文明”的具体阐释，分别对应富强民主文明和谐美丽的社会主义现代化强国建设目标；另一方面，“五个文明”之间相互促进、相辅相成，共同创造了中国特色社会主义事业“五位一体”总体布局。

[5]5 The Global Civilization Initiative was proposed by Xi Jinping in March 2023 at the CPC in Dialogue with World Political Parties High-Level Meeting. Its core content is the "four advocacies": respect for the diversity of world civilizations, promotion of the common values of all humanity, emphasis on civilization inheritance and innovation, and strengthening of international people-to-people and cultural exchanges and cooperation. Finally, the view of civilization contained in Chinese-path modernization emphasizes the exchange and mutual learning between Chinese civilization and world civilizations. Unlike the homogeneity and coerciveness of Western modern civilization, the view of civilization contained in Chinese-path modernization has the characteristics of equality, mutual learning, inclusiveness, and dialogue. The view of civilization contained in Chinese-path modernization respects the diversity of world civilizations, promotes the flourishing and development of diverse human cultures, and responds to global risks and challenges by promoting the building of a community with a shared future for mankind, making an important contribution to the modernization process of human society. General Secretary Xi Jinping first proposed the Global Civilization Initiative at the CPC in Dialogue with World Political Parties High-Level Meeting, and pointed out: "Today, when the future and destiny of all countries are closely connected, the coexistence, exchange and mutual learning of different civilizations have an irreplaceable role in advancing the modernization process of human society and enriching the garden of world civilizations." The Global Civilization Initiative advocates respect for the diversity of world civilizations, advocates the promotion of the common values of all humanity, advocates the importance of civilization inheritance and innovation, and advocates the strengthening of international people-to-people and cultural exchanges and cooperation. These "four advocacies" have become the theoretical guidance for Global South countries to adhere to the development of local civilizations and promote the common development of diverse cultures.

其次，中国式现代化蕴含的文明观强调传统文明与现代文明的有机融通。中国式现代化不照搬西方现代化模式，而是从中华优秀传统文化中汲取独特的人文精神、思想观念和道德规范，并按照现代化发展的动态要求，以创新提炼中华文化主体性的时代内涵与精神标识，促使中国特色社会主义文化在现代化进程中始终保持生机活力。全球南方国家有着丰富多元的传统文化，但在现代化发展过程中由于受到美西方的文化霸权与压制，造成其发展遭遇历史性阻断的困境。中国式现代化蕴含的文明观对全球南方国家在现代化进程中摆脱西方殖民主义文化影响，重新审视本土文化价值、坚定文化认同提供了重要启示。

[6]6 The 20th National Congress of the CPC was held in October 2022. It adopted the report "Hold High the Great Banner of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics and Strive in Unity to Build a Modern Socialist Country in All Respects," which systematically elaborated on Chinese-path modernization. 5. Social Level — People-Centered Promotion of Common Prosperity

最后，中国式现代化蕴含的文明观强调中国文明与世界文明的交流互鉴。不同于西方现代化文明的同质性与强制性，中国式现代化蕴含的文明观具有平等性、互鉴性、包容性与对话性特征。中国式现代化蕴含的文明观尊重世界文明多样性，促进人类多元文化繁荣发展，以推动构建人类命运共同体应对全球性风险与挑战，为人类社会现代化进程作出了重要贡献。习近平总书记在中国共产党与世界政党高层对话会上首次提出了全球文明倡议，并指出：“在各国前途命运紧密相连的今天，不同文明包容共存、交流互鉴，在推动人类社会现代化进程、繁荣世界文明百花园中具有不可替代的作用。”全球文明倡议倡导尊重世界文明多样性、倡导弘扬全人类共同价值、倡导重视文明传承和创新以及倡导加强国际人文交流合作。这“四个倡导”成为全球南方国家坚持发展本土文明、促进多元文化共同发展的理论指引。

[7]7 Common prosperity is a long-term historical process, not egalitarianism. The CPC emphasizes that common prosperity is for all the people, not a small minority, and that it is to be achieved through high-quality development and the joint efforts of all. Common prosperity is an important value goal for achieving social fairness and justice and an essential requirement of socialism. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out in the report to the 20th National Congress of the CPC: "Chinese modernization is the modernization of common prosperity for all. Common prosperity is the essential requirement of socialism with Chinese characteristics and also a long-term historical process." This important thesis accurately summarizes the characteristics of common prosperity in terms of universality, comprehensiveness, and long-term nature, profoundly embodies the CPC's people-centered development thinking, and fundamentally defines the difference between Chinese-path modernization and Western modernization.

5.社会层面——以人民为中心推动共同富裕

[8]8 The National Conference on Summarizing and Commending the Fight against Poverty was held in February 2021, at which Xi Jinping declared that China had achieved a complete victory in the fight against poverty, lifting all rural poor and poor counties out of poverty under the current standard. Chinese-path modernization emphasizes common prosperity for all. All the people are both the creators of modernization and the sharers of the fruits of modernization. The development of Chinese-path modernization at all stages and levels embodies a distinct people-oriented stance. In his speech at the National Conference on Summarizing and Commending the Fight against Poverty, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that promoting common prosperity for all the people should be placed in a more important position, "promoting people's all-round development and social progress as a whole, so that the people's sense of gain, happiness, and security will be more substantial, more guaranteed, and more sustainable." On the one hand, common prosperity for all the people affirms the enthusiasm, initiative, and creativity of the people in the modernization process, gathers reform consensus from the practice of the broadest masses of the people, and continuously injects fundamental impetus into further deepening reform comprehensively. On the other hand, common prosperity for all the people emphasizes development for the people, development relying on the people, and development achievements shared by the people, making the fruits of modernization benefit all the people more and more fairly. This experience is crucial for developing countries to achieve sustainable and just development.

共同富裕是实现社会公平正义的重要价值目标，是社会主义的本质要求。习近平总书记在党的二十大报告中指出：“中国式现代化是全体人民共同富裕的现代化。共同富裕是中国特色社会主义的本质要求，也是一个长期的历史过程。”这一重要论断准确概括了共同富裕全民性、全局性以及长期性的特征，深刻体现了中国共产党以人民为中心的发展思想，从根本上规定了中国式现代化与西方现代化的区别。

Chinese-path modernization emphasizes common prosperity for all the people. All the people are both the creators of modernization and the sharers of the fruits of modernization; the development of Chinese-path modernization embodies a distinct people-centered stance at every stage and level. In his speech at the National Conference on Summarizing and Commending the Fight against Poverty [10]10 The National Conference on Summarizing and Commending the Fight against Poverty was held in February 2021, marking the official declaration of victory in China's poverty alleviation campaign., General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that promoting common prosperity for all the people should be placed in a more important position, "promoting the well-rounded development of people and the overall progress of society, so that the people's sense of gain, happiness, and security becomes more substantial, more guaranteed, and more sustainable." On the one hand, common prosperity for all the people affirms the initiative, enthusiasm, and creativity of the masses in the process of modernization, consolidates reform consensus from the practice of the broadest masses of the people, and continuously injects fundamental impetus into further comprehensively deepening reform. On the other hand, common prosperity for all the people emphasizes development for the people, development relying on the people, and development achievements shared by the people, distributing the fruits of modernization construction more equitably to all the people. This experience is crucial for developing countries to achieve sustainable and just development.

中国式现代化强调全民性的共同富裕。全体人民既是现代化的创造者，也是现代化成果的共享者，中国式现代化发展在各阶段、各层面均体现着鲜明的人民立场。习近平总书记在全国脱贫攻坚总结表彰大会上的讲话中指出，要把促进全体人民共同富裕摆在更加重要的位置，“促进人的全面发展和社会全面进步，让广大人民群众获得感、幸福感、安全感更加充实、更有保障、更可持续”。一方面，全体人民共同富裕肯定人民群众在现代化进程中的积极性、主动性和创造性，从最广泛人民群众的实践中凝聚改革共识，为进一步全面深化改革持续注入根本动力。另一方面，全体人民共同富裕强调发展为了人民、发展依靠人民、发展成果由人民共享，将现代化建设成果更多更公平惠及全体人民，这种经验对发展中国家实现可持续、公正的发展至关重要。

Chinese-path modernization emphasizes common prosperity in an overall sense. Proceeding from the principal contradiction facing Chinese society at the present stage, Chinese-path modernization, on the basis of universally raising the material living standards of the people, is committed to promoting balanced and sufficient development in multiple fields such as public services, social security, culture and education, and environmental governance. At the same time, proceeding from the actual situation of regional development disparities in China, Chinese-path modernization is committed to promoting common prosperity spatially to form a multi-level and multi-directional advancement pattern of "coastal-inland" and "urban-rural." By comprehensively advancing the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan [11]11 Arturo Escobar, *Encountering Development: The Making and Unmaking of the Third World* (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995), p. 5. and coordinating the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy [12]12 Xi Jinping, "Meeting the Challenges of a Changing World with a Stronger Sense of Responsibility," speech at the 16th BRICS Summit, October 23, 2024., Chinese-path modernization anchors from an overall perspective the goals and practical paths of common prosperity in the fields of economy, politics, culture, society, and ecological civilization. The means of resolving social contradictions have evolved from the past single focus on "raising productive forces" to "overall improvement," realizing a leap for the people from "being able to make a living" to "living a good life."

中国式现代化强调全局性的共同富裕。中国式现代化从我国现阶段社会主要矛盾出发，在普遍提升人民群众物质生活水平的基础上，致力于推动公共服务、社会保障、文化教育以及环境治理等多领域的均衡与充分发展。与此同时，中国式现代化从我国地区发展差异的实际情况出发，致力于推动共同富裕在空间上形成“沿海—内陆”“城市—乡村”的多层次多方位推进格局。通过统筹推进“五位一体”总体布局、协调推进“四个全面”战略布局，中国式现代化从全局上锚定了共同富裕在经济、政治、文化、社会和生态文明各领域的目标与实践路径。解决社会矛盾的抓手由过去单一的“提高生产力”发展为“全局性改善”,实现人民群众从“过得起日子”到“日子过得好”的跃升。

Chinese-path modernization emphasizes common prosperity over the long term. General Secretary Xi Jinping points out, "Common prosperity is a long-term goal, a process that cannot be achieved overnight, and its long-term nature, arduousness, and complexity must be fully estimated." Looking at the global modernization process, developing countries in Latin America are mired in the "middle-income trap," with stagnant economic growth, widening wealth gaps, and social instability. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC [13], the balance, coordination, and sustainability of China's economic development have markedly improved, but the problem of unbalanced and insufficient development remains very prominent. These problems will persist over the long term and evolve dynamically with modernization. Through a series of measures such as deepening reform, innovation-driven development, and industrial upgrading, Chinese-path modernization vigorously develops new quality productive forces, and on the basis of making the pie bigger, it continuously improves the distribution system to divide the pie well, fully demonstrating the determination and action needed to achieve the goal of common prosperity solidly and steadily, providing a reference for other developing countries to cross the "middle-income trap."

中国式现代化强调长期性的共同富裕。习近平总书记指出，“共同富裕是一个长远目标，需要一个过程，不可能一蹴而就，对其长期性、艰巨性、复杂性要有充分估计”。放眼世界现代化进程，拉美地区发展中国家深陷“中等收入陷阱”的泥沼，经济增长停滞、贫富差距拉大、社会动荡不安。党的十八大以来，我国经济发展平衡性、协调性、可持续性明显增强，但发展不平衡不充分问题仍然十分突出。这些问题将长期存在，并随着现代化发展动态变化。中国式现代化通过深化改革、创新驱动、产业升级等一系列举措大力发展新质生产力，在做大蛋糕的基础上通过不断完善分配制度分好蛋糕，充分展示了实现共同富裕目标需要扎实、稳步推进的决心与行动，为其他发展中国家跨越“中等收入陷阱”提供借鉴。

III. The Implications of Chinese-Path Modernization for Global South Modernization

三、中国式现代化对全球南方现代化的启示

The great achievements of Chinese-path modernization have not only greatly promoted China's own economic and social development but also provided important theoretical insights and practical experience for Global South modernization. At the theoretical level, Chinese-path modernization has broken the discursive monopoly of Western modernization and innovated the discursive system of Global South modernization development; at the practical level, China provides Global South countries with comprehensive and multi-field cooperation opportunities, helping Global South countries strive for more discursive power in the global governance system through the co-construction and sharing of modernization development. Specifically, Chinese-path modernization has the following three practical effects.

中国式现代化取得的巨大成就，不仅极大地推动了中国自身的经济社会发展，更为全球南方现代化提供了重要的理论启示与实践经验。在理论层面，中国式现代化打破了西方现代化的话语垄断，创新了全球南方现代化发展话语体系；在实践层面，中国为全球南方提供全方位多领域的合作机会，以现代化发展的共建共享助力全球南方国家在全球治理体系中争取更多话语权。具体来说，中国式现代化具有以下三方面现实效应。

1. Chinese-Path Modernization Enriches the Choices of Modernization Paths for the Global South

1.中国式现代化丰富全球南方现代化道路选择

Global South countries have historically been long constrained by the Western imperialist and colonialist systems, suffering from their economic exploitation, political oppression, cultural hegemony, and resource plunder. The economic development of these countries often depends on Western capital, knowledge, and technology, and their resource development and industrial upgrading are mostly controlled by foreign capital, ultimately creating a situation of dependent development. The history of dependency of Global South countries has greatly hindered their modernization process. Many countries, on the one hand, hope to accelerate the development of productive forces, but on the other hand, under pressure from Western developed countries, they often choose to directly copy the Western modernization model. However, this model has not brought these countries true independence and prosperity; instead, it has exacerbated the North-South development gap, giving rise to a series of systemic crises such as deepened external dependence, a single economic structure, severe social inequality, and ecological degradation, fully exposing the exclusivity and limitations of the Western modernization path.

全球南方国家历史上长期受制于西方帝国主义和殖民主义体系，受其经济剥削、政治压制、文化霸权以及资源掠夺。这些国家的经济发展往往依赖于西方的资本、知识和技术，其资源开发和产业升级大多受到外资控制，最终造成了依附性发展的局面。全球南方国家的依附历史极大阻碍了其现代化进程。许多国家一方面希望加快推进生产力发展，另一方面又迫于西方发达国家的压力，往往选择直接照搬西方现代化模式。但这种模式并没有为这些国家带来真正的独立与繁荣，反而加剧了南北发展鸿沟，催生出其对外依赖深化、经济结构单一、社会不平等严重以及生态环境恶化等一系列系统性危机，充分暴露了西方现代化路径的排他性与局限性。

Chinese-path modernization has broken the myth of "modernization = Westernization," presenting another picture of modernization and providing Global South countries with the possibility of breaking through the dependent development model. China has not simply followed the modernization development path of Western capitalist countries but has gradually formed a socialist modernization development path with Chinese characteristics based on its own historical background and actual conditions. This is a scientific practice of the laws of social development of historical materialism.

中国式现代化打破了“现代化=西方化”的迷思，展现了现代化的另一幅图景，为全球南方国家提供了突破依附性发展模式的可能性。中国没有简单地沿袭西方资本主义国家的现代化发展道路，而是根据自己的历史背景和实际情况，逐步形成具有中国特色的社会主义现代化发展道路，这是对唯物史观社会发展规律的科学实践。

Chinese-path modernization helps the Global South better achieve the organic unity of economic growth and social fairness and justice. On the one hand, China consistently adheres to the modernization path of self-reliance and self-strengthening, correctly handles the relationship between domestic and international circulation, better secures strategic initiative in open development, and firmly grasps the destiny and leading power of national development and progress in its own hands. The construction of the new development paradigm has important reference significance for Global South countries to avoid falling into the middle-income trap and achieve a virtuous cycle of efficiency and fairness. Through measures such as co-building high-quality development cooperation belts and assisting backward countries with agricultural and industrial modernization plans, Chinese-path modernization provides a rich platform for project cooperation to accelerate the Global South modernization cause and implement the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. On the other hand, by actively building high-quality partnerships with developed countries, Chinese-path modernization actively promotes North-South cooperation, urges developed countries to fulfill their obligations, and jointly builds a global development partnership of solidarity, equality, balance, and inclusiveness, creating a more fair and just external environment for Global South modernization development.

中国式现代化助力全球南方更好地实现经济增长与社会公平正义的有机统一。一方面，中国始终坚持走自立自强的现代化道路，正确处理国内循环和国际循环的关系，更好争取开放发展中的战略主动，把国家发展进步的命运和主导权牢牢掌握在自己手中。新发展格局的构建对全球南方国家避免掉进中等收入陷阱、实现效率与公平的良性循环具有重要的借鉴意义。通过与各方共建高质量发展的合作带、助力落后国家农业与工业现代化计划等举措，中国式现代化为促进全球南方现代化事业步入快车道，落实联合国2030年可持续发展议程提供丰富的项目合作平台。另一方面，通过积极构建与发达国家的高质量伙伴关系，中国式现代化积极推动南北合作，推动发达国家履行义务，共建团结、平等、均衡、普惠的全球发展伙伴关系，为全球南方现代化发展创造更加公平正义的外部环境。

Chinese-path modernization helps Global South countries better promote sustainable development and cultivate green innovation as a growth driver. Under the long-term influence of Western modernization, many Global South countries face severe ecological degradation problems, such as illegal logging in the Amazon rainforest, excessive land reclamation, and large-scale exploitation of resource enclaves. In fact, the deep-seated cause of ecological destruction is precisely the logic of capital supremacy in Western modernization. Chinese-path modernization adheres to the concept of sustainable development, which helps Global South countries better coordinate the relationship between economic development and ecological protection at both theoretical and practical levels, promoting the development of the global green economy. China's wind power and photovoltaic products help countries obtain clean, reliable, and affordable energy, making an important contribution to the global response to climate change.

中国式现代化助力全球南方国家更好地推进可持续发展，培育绿色创新的增长动能。受西方现代化的长期影响，许多全球南方国家面临着严重的生态退化问题，如亚马逊雨林的非法砍伐、土地过度开垦、资源飞地的大肆开采等。事实上，造成生态破坏的深层原因正是西方现代化的资本至上逻辑。中国式现代化坚持可持续发展理念，这在理论与实践层面帮助全球南方国家更好地协调经济发展与生态保护之间的关系，推动全球绿色经济的发展。中国风电和光伏产品助力各国获得清洁、可靠、用得起的能源，为全球应对气候变化作出重要贡献。

General Secretary Xi Jinping points out, "What kind of modernization suits a country best is something its own people have the most say in. Developing countries have the right and the ability to independently explore modernization paths with their own characteristics based on their national conditions." Global South countries should uphold the principle of independence, continuously resolve the historical legacies of Western colonialism and new risks and challenges in the political, economic, cultural, and other fields, and, on the basis of following the general laws of modernization, firmly grasp the destiny of national development and progress in their own hands.

习近平总书记指出：“什么样的现代化最适合自己，本国人民最有发言权。发展中国家有权利也有能力基于自身国情自主探索各具特色的现代化之路。”全球南方国家应秉持独立自主原则，在政治、经济、文化等领域不断破解西方殖民主义的历史遗留问题和新的风险挑战，在遵循现代化一般规律的基础之上，把国家发展进步的命运牢牢掌握在自己手中。

2. Chinese-Path Modernization Empowers the Global South to Co-build and Share

2.中国式现代化赋能全球南方共建共享

General Secretary Xi Jinping attaches great importance to strengthening

习近平总书记高度重视加强同全球南方国家团结合作，多次明确中国作为发展中国家、全球南方一员的事实，并承诺与其他发展中国家同呼吸、共命运。中国在推进自身现代化建设的同时，还通过一系列举措构建南南合作新机制，邀请全球南方国家共同搭乘中国式现代化发展的列车，携手全球南方国家共同应对全球性发展问题，不断推动全球南方国家共建共享现代化发展成果。

Chinese-path modernization consistently promotes common prosperity for countries participating in the Belt and Road Initiative through its own high-quality development, unswervingly pursuing a path of economic globalization that is people-centered, more balanced, and offers more equal opportunities; centering on the implementation of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, it comprehensively advances cooperation with Belt and Road countries in areas such as poverty reduction, health, transportation and logistics, and infrastructure construction, so that the fruits of development better benefit different countries, different strata, and different groups of people. For example, by actively promoting cooperation with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), and the World Food Programme (WFP), China jointly carries out cooperation on fundamental issues of modernization such as global poverty reduction, food security, and sustainable agricultural development, shares its experience in poverty alleviation and comprehensive poverty eradication with developing countries participating in the Belt and Road Initiative, and promotes common prosperity among Global South countries. In terms of infrastructure construction, it actively engages in third-market cooperation with Belt and Road countries, ensuring the environmental friendliness of infrastructure construction and economic activities, and promoting their ecological restoration and sustainable economic development. The Belt and Road Initiative proposed by China has enabled the spirit of win-win cooperation to take root in the Global South, using South-South cooperation to continuously help Global South countries keep pace with the times, cultivate new drivers of high-quality development, seize development opportunities amid global changes, and share the fruits of development.

中国式现代化始终以自身高质量发展促进共建“一带一路”国家共同富裕，坚定不移地走以人为本、发展更加平衡、机会更加均等的经济全球化之路；围绕落实联合国2030年可持续发展议程，全面推进与共建“一带一路”国家的减贫、卫生、交通物流、基础设施建设等合作，让发展成果更好地惠及不同国家、不同阶层和不同人群。例如，中国通过积极推动与联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)、国际农业发展基金(IFAD)和世界粮食计划署(WFP)的合作，共同围绕全球减贫、粮食安全、农业可持续发展等现代化发展基础问题开展合作，与共建“一带一路”的发展中国家分享扶贫开发和全面脱贫经验，推动全球南方国家的共同富裕。在基础设施建设方面，积极与共建“一带一路”国家开展第三方市场合作，确保基础设施建设和经济活动的环境友好性，推动其生态恢复和经济可持续发展。中国提出的共建“一带一路”倡议，让合作共赢精神在全球南方落地生根，以南南合作不断促进全球南方国家紧跟时代步伐、培育高质量发展新动能并在全球变革下抓住发展机遇、共享发展成果。

At the same time, Chinese-path modernization is committed to developing multilateral dialogue, relying on major multilateral cooperation mechanisms and platforms such as the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC), the China-Arab States Cooperation Forum, the China-CELAC Forum, the China-Pacific Island Countries Economic Development and Cooperation Forum, China-Central and Eastern European Countries Cooperation, the World Economic Forum, the Boao Forum for Asia, and the CPC in Dialogue with World Political Parties High-level Meeting, to continuously deepen practical South-South cooperation and jointly build bilateral communities with a shared future represented by the China-Laos and China-Pakistan communities with a shared future, as well as multilateral communities with a shared future represented by the China-Africa, China-Arab, China-LAC, China-ASEAN, China-Central Asia, and China-Pacific Island Countries communities with a shared future. In addition, China has established the Global South Research Center and the Global Development and South-South Cooperation Fund, and implemented the Global Development Initiative Tripartite Cooperation Demonstration Center, to fully support the economic and social development of Global South countries. China has also taken the lead in establishing the Global South Think Tanks Cooperation Alliance to promote people-to-people and cultural exchanges and mutual learning on governance among Global South countries. Currently, over 200 universities and think tanks from China and other emerging markets and developing countries have expressed willingness to join the alliance. This cooperation mechanism gathers wisdom from various countries around the global challenges faced by Global South countries in their modernization process, conducts joint research, and provides professional and scientific intellectual support for promoting ideological innovation in the Global South, responding to the practical development needs of the Global South, enhancing policy communication in the Global South, and consolidating the foundation of Global South cooperation.

与此同时，中国式现代化致力于发展多边对话，依托中非合作论坛、中阿合作论坛、中拉论坛、中国—太平洋岛国经济发展合作论坛、中国—中东欧国家合作、世界经济论坛、博鳌亚洲论坛和中国共产党与世界政党领导人峰会等重大多边合作机制平台，不断深化务实南南合作，携手共建以中老和中巴命运共同体为代表的双边命运共同体以及以中非、中阿、中拉、中国—东盟、中国—中亚以及中国—太平洋岛国命运共同体为代表的多边命运共同体。除此之外，中国还设立了全球南方研究中心与全球发展和南南合作基金，落实全球发展倡议三方合作示范中心，用以全力支持全球南方国家经济与社会发展。中国还牵头成立了全球南方智库合作联盟，促进全球南方各国人文交流和治国理政互学互鉴。目前已有来自中国及其他新兴市场国家和发展中国家的200多所大学和智库表达了加入联盟的意愿。该合作机制围绕全球南方国家在现代化进程中面临的全球性挑战汇聚各国智慧、开展联合研究，为推动全球南方思想创新、回应全球南方现实发展需求、增进全球南方政策沟通以及夯实全球南方合作基础提供了专业和科学的智力支持。

3. Chinese-Path Modernization Promotes Value Identification in the Global South

3.中国式现代化推动全球南方提升价值认同

Chinese-path modernization possesses unique theoretical connotations and discursive expressions. On the one hand, Chinese-path modernization breaks the Western monopoly on the interpretation, definition, and evaluation of modernization development, constructing an autonomous discourse system of modernization with Chinese characteristics; on the other hand, Chinese-path modernization greatly promotes the liberation of Global South countries from the hegemonic discourse of Western knowledge production, and enhances the value identification of Global South countries through the decolonial turn of theoretical systems.

中国式现代化具有独特的理论内涵和话语表达。一方面，中国式现代化打破了西方对现代化发展的解释、定义和评价的垄断局面，构建了具有中国特色的现代化自主话语体系；另一方面，中国式现代化极大地推动了全球南方国家摆脱西方知识生产话语霸权，并通过理论体系的去殖民转向增强全球南方国家的价值认同。

Constructing an autonomous discourse system helps enhance the international communication effectiveness of Chinese-path modernization, enabling the international community to evaluate the theory and practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics more objectively and fairly. In fact, there is a clear polarization in the international community's and academia's understanding of Chinese-path modernization. Most of the international community highly recognizes the achievements of Chinese-path modernization and praises China's important role in the development of Global South countries; however, influenced by Western-centrism, the United States, Western countries, and even some Global South countries harbor various prejudices in their understanding of Chinese-path modernization. These misunderstandings of Chinese-path modernization from a Western standpoint all conceal the deep logic of Western discursive hegemony, whose purpose is to create antagonism between China and Global South countries. In this sense, the autonomous discourse system constructed by Chinese-path modernization prominently emphasizes the equality and diversity of development, breaking through the monopoly of Western unilinear and exclusive modernization discourse, thereby enhancing the correct understanding of China and its modernization construction among Global South countries.

构建自主话语体系有助于提升中国式现代化的国际传播效能，让国际社会更加客观、公正地评价中国特色社会主义的理论与实践。事实上，目前国际社会与学界对中国式现代化的认识存在明显的两极化趋势。国际社会大多对中国式现代化所取得的成就表示高度认可，并赞扬中国在全球南方国家发展中发挥的重要作用；然而，受西方中心主义的影响，美西方甚至一些全球南方国家，对中国式现代化的认识存在各种各样的偏见。这些站在西方立场上对中国式现代化的误解，背后均隐藏着西方话语霸权的深层逻辑，其目的是造成中国与全球南方国家之间的对立。在这个意义上，中国式现代化构建的自主话语体系突出强调发展的平等与多元，突破了西方一元化与排他性的现代化话语的垄断，从而提升全球南方国家对中国及其现代化建设的正确认识。

Chinese-path modernization helps promote the decolonial turn of modernization development in Global South countries and enhances value identification among countries. The modernization development of the United States and Western countries has typical Western-centric characteristics, namely, treating the logic of capitalist modernization development as the sole truth, excluding or even destroying the discursive power of other countries' modernization development. Escobar illustrates this exclusivity of Western-centrism using the Western concept of "underdevelopment": "The early models had an implicit template, namely, the prosperous, developed country, so development had to be measured using Western development benchmarks. The concept of underdevelopment from development economists thus occupied the discursive space, excluding the possibility of other discourses emerging. The vicious cycle of low productivity, capital scarcity, and insufficient industrialization became the characteristics of underdeveloped economies." [11]11 Arturo Escobar, *Encountering Development: The Making and Unmaking of the Third World* (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995), p. 5. However, the Western concept of "development" is built upon the continuous exploitation and colonization of "underdeveloped" regions. Former President of Guyana Donald Ramotar pointed out that the West pursues a "dominance-control" type global strategy, whose essence is the monopoly of world resources and economic systems. It often ignores or even despises the cultures and norms of various countries, aiming to impose Western institutions and values globally, and then seek hegemony through sanctions, blockades, and even war. What China upholds is a global governance concept based on mutually beneficial cooperation, respecting the cultural differences of various countries, committed to enhancing mutual understanding, and promoting peace and friendship among civilizations. The increasing influence of the autonomous discourse system of Chinese-path modernization on a global scale has changed the pattern of modernization theory where the West is strong and the East is weak, the North is strong and the South is weak, and has also enhanced the confidence in the theory and value identification of Global South countries, greatly promoting the decolonial turn of the theoretical systems of Global South countries.

中国式现代化有助于推动全球南方国家现代化发展的去殖民转向，并增强国家间的价值认同。美西方国家的现代化发展具有典型的西方中心主义特征，即把资本主义现代化发展逻辑视为唯一真理，排斥甚至破坏其他国家现代化发展的话语权。埃斯科瓦尔以西方的“欠发达概念”为例说明了这种西方中心主义的排他性：“早期的模型有一个隐含的样板，即繁荣的、发达的国家，因此必须用西方的发展标杆来测量发展。发展经济学家的欠发达概念就这样占领了话语空间，排除了其他话语出现的可能性。生产率低下、资本缺乏和工业化不足三者的恶性循环，成了欠发达经济的特征。”然而，西方所谓的“发达”概念，是建立在对“欠发达”地区的持续性剥削与殖民基础之上的。圭亚那前总统唐纳德·拉莫塔指出，西方奉行的是“主导—控制”型全球战略，其本质是对世界资源和经济体系的垄断。它往往忽视甚至蔑视各国的文化与规范，其目标是将西方制度与价值观强加于全球，进而通过制裁、封锁乃至战争等手段谋取霸权。而中国所秉持的，是以互利合作为基础的全球治理观，尊重各国文化差异，致力于增进相互理解，推动文明间的和平与友谊。中国式现代化自主话语体系在世界范围内影响力的增加，改变了现代化理论西强东弱、北强南弱的格局，也增强了全球南方国家的理论自信与价值认同，极大地推动了全球南方国家理论体系的去殖民转向。

Conclusion

结 语

General Secretary Xi Jinping profoundly pointed out: "The collective rise of the Global South is a distinctive sign of the great changes unseen in a century." [12]12 Xi Jinping, "Meeting the Challenges of a Changing World with a Stronger Sense of Responsibility," speech at the 16th BRICS Summit, October 23, 2024. Currently, the contribution of Global South countries to global economic growth is continuously increasing, and they are making their voices heard more strongly in multilateral mechanisms. These countries are jointly moving towards diverse and rich modernization paths, which not only promotes the development of the international order in a fairer and more just direction but also contributes important strength to the progress of human civilization. China is a member of the Global South camp. The narrative of Chinese-path modernization, with its unique theoretical innovation and practical experience, provides new paradigms and institutional experience for Global South countries to break free from the shackles of Western colonial development and move towards modernization paths suited to their own national conditions. The community with a shared future between China and the Global South is continuously deepening. In the future, the global governance landscape will further highlight the collective will and strategic position of the Global South. In this process, the path advantages and theoretical innovations of Chinese-path modernization will continue to contribute Chinese wisdom and Chinese solutions to the modernization process of Global South countries, working hand in hand with Global South countries to jointly build a community with a shared future for mankind and promote the bright future of human society.

习近平总书记深刻指出：“‘全球南方’群体性崛起，是世界大变局的鲜明标志。”当前，全球南方国家在全球经济增长中的贡献度不断提升，并在多边机制中发出更强声音。这些国家共同迈向多元丰富的现代化道路，既推动国际秩序朝着更加公平公正的方向发展，也为人类文明进步贡献着重要力量。中国是全球南方阵营的成员，中国式现代化叙事以其独特的理论创新和实践经验，为全球南方国家走出西方殖民主义的发展桎梏、走向适合自己国情的现代化道路提供了新的范式和制度经验。中国与全球南方的命运共同体正在不断加深，未来全球治理格局将更加凸显全球南方的集体意志和战略地位。在这一过程中，中国式现代化的道路优势和理论创新将继续为全球南方国家的现代化进程贡献中国智慧和中国方案，携手全球南方国家共同构建人类命运共同体，推动人类社会走向光明未来。