Comprehensively Advancing Chinese-Path Modernization through High-Quality Development

High-quality development is the essential requirement for advancing Chinese-path modernization and bears on the overall situation of China’s socialist modernization. The Proposal adopted by the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Party Central Committee [1]1 The “Proposal” refers to the *CPC Central Committee’s Proposal on Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and the Long-Range Objectives Through the Year 2035*, adopted at the Fifth Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee in October 2025. designates the promotion of high-quality development as the theme for economic and social development during the “15th Five-Year Plan” period [2]2 The “two synchronizations” refer to the synchronization of income growth with economic growth and the synchronization of labor remuneration growth with productivity improvement.. This both continues the line of the “14th Five-Year Plan” and, on the basis of accurately grasping the general development trends of the coming five years, lays out strategic tasks. Comprehensively advancing Chinese-path modernization through high-quality development and leading a population of more than 1.4 billion into modernization as a whole is a rare feat in human history and the mission and responsibility of Chinese Communists in the New Era. A full understanding and thorough implementation of the Proposal’s major decisions and deployments on promoting high-quality development are of great significance for comprehensively advancing Chinese-path modernization.

高质量发展是推进中国式现代化的本质要求，关系我国社会主义现代化建设全局。党的二十届四中全会通过的《建议》把推动高质量发展确定为“十五五”时期经济社会发展的主题，既与“十四五”规划一脉相承，又在准确把握未来5年发展大势的基础上部署了战略任务。以高质量发展全面推进中国式现代化，引领14亿多人口整体迈入现代化，这是人类历史上的罕见壮举，是新时代中国共产党人的使命担当。全面理解、深入贯彻《建议》关于推动高质量发展的重大决策部署，对于全面推进中国式现代化意义重大。

Viewed from the historical process of Chinese-path modernization, achieving socialist modernization is a historical process of stepwise progression and continuous development and progress, requiring unremitting effort and sustained struggle. The 19th and 20th National Congresses of the CPC laid out a “two-step” strategic arrangement for building China into a great modern socialist country in all respects [3]3 The “two proportions” refer to raising the proportion of residents’ income in the national income distribution and raising the proportion of labor remuneration in the primary distribution.. The first step is to basically realize socialist modernization by 2035. This requires, on the basis of completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects, using 15 years and implementing three five-year plans. The “14th Five-Year Plan” was the first five-year plan and has already laid a solid foundation. From now until 2035, there are only 10 years left. Only if the first five years of this period are developed well can greater initiative be secured. The “15th Five-Year Plan” period is a crucial period for consolidating the foundation and exerting full effort to basically realize socialist modernization, occupying an important position that links the past and the future. Consolidating the foundation means, on the basis of the major achievements in China’s development during the “14th Five-Year Plan” period, further resolving the deep-seated contradictions and problems that constrain high-quality development and Chinese-path modernization, paying greater attention to major events and important matters that have a fundamental impact on development and security, consolidating and expanding advantages, breaking through bottleneck constraints, and strengthening weak links and shortcomings, so that the foundation for development is more stable and resilience is stronger. Exerting full effort means focusing on coordinated efforts across all fields of economic and social development to achieve systemic breakthroughs and overall improvements, and to promote major breakthroughs in strategic tasks that bear on the overall situation of Chinese-path modernization.

从中国式现代化的历史进程来看，实现社会主义现代化是一个阶梯式递进、不断发展进步的历史过程，需要不懈努力、持续奋斗。党的十九大、二十大就全面建成社会主义现代化强国作出“两步走”战略安排。其中，第一步是到2035年基本实现社会主义现代化，这需要在全面建成小康社会基础上，用15年时间、通过实施3个五年规划来完成。“十四五”是第一个五年，已经打下了坚实基础。从现在起到2035年只有10年时间，前5年发展好了，才有可能争取更大的主动。“十五五”时期是基本实现社会主义现代化夯实基础、全面发力的关键时期，具有承前启后的重要地位。夯实基础，就是要在“十四五”时期我国发展取得重大成就基础上，进一步破解制约高质量发展和中国式现代化建设的深层次矛盾问题，更加关注对发展和安全具有基础性影响的大事要事，巩固拓展优势、破除瓶颈制约、补强短板弱项，使发展根基更稳、韧性更强；全面发力，就是要聚焦经济社会发展各领域协同发力，实现系统性突破、整体性提升，推动事关中国式现代化全局的战略任务取得重大突破。

To ensure decisive progress in basically realizing socialist modernization during the “15th Five-Year Plan” period, economic growth must maintain an appropriate rate. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, “To basically realize socialist modernization by 2035, one important indicator is that per capita GDP reaches the level of moderately developed countries.” [4]4 The “two unswervinglys” refer to unswervingly consolidating and developing the public sector of the economy, and unswervingly encouraging, supporting, and guiding the development of the non-public sector of the economy. To this end, the Proposal sets important goals such as maintaining economic growth within a reasonable range, steadily increasing total factor productivity, and fully releasing the potential for economic growth. At the same time, in response to prominent issues such as increasing downward pressure on the domestic economy and insufficient effective demand at the current stage, the Proposal sets goals such as a marked increase in the household consumption rate and a continuously strengthened role of domestic demand as the main driver of economic growth. Calculated backwards from the long-term goal of achieving per capita GDP of over US$20,000 by 2035, doubling that of 2020 (at 2020 constant prices), and factoring in demographic changes and other factors, the average annual growth rate of GDP during the “15th Five-Year Plan” and “16th Five-Year Plan” periods needs to be 4.17%. From the perspective of feasibility, considering comprehensively various conditions such as factor supply and technological progress, and especially the current overall situation of insufficient domestic demand, economic growth rates often exhibit characteristics of being higher in the early period and lower in the later period, and potentially slowing down as the economic volume increases. Therefore, the average annual economic growth rate during the “15th Five-Year Plan” period could be set somewhat higher, so as to better lay a more solid foundation for basically realizing socialist modernization by 2035. Of course, emphasizing speed does not mean speed alone. We must abandon the extensive development model that relies mainly on the input of resources and other factors to drive economic growth and scale expansion, pay more attention to the quality and efficiency of development, promote the formation of more economic development models dominated by domestic demand, driven by consumption, and characterized by endogenous growth, and while striving for faster economic growth as much as possible, enhance the quality of economic development, striving to achieve development that is of higher quality, more efficient, fairer, more sustainable, and more secure.

确保“十五五”时期基本实现社会主义现代化取得决定性进展，经济增长就必须保持适当速度。习近平总书记指出，“2035年基本实现社会主义现代化，一个重要标志性指标就是人均国内生产总值达到中等发达国家水平”。为此，《建议》提出经济增长保持在合理区间、全要素生产率稳步提升、经济增长潜力得到充分释放等重要目标。同时，根据现阶段国内经济下行压力加大、有效需求不足等突出问题，《建议》提出居民消费率明显提高、内需拉动经济增长主动力作用持续增强等目标。按照到2035年人均国内生产总值达到2万美元以上、比2020年翻一番（2020年不变价）的远景目标倒算，综合人口变化等因素，“十五五”时期和“十六五”时期国内生产总值需要年均增长4.17%。从可能性来看，统筹考虑要素供给、技术进步等各项条件，特别是目前内需不足的总体状况，经济增速往往有前高后低、体量越大增速可能越放缓的特征，“十五五”期间我国经济年均增速可以考虑得更高一些，才能更好为2035年基本实现社会主义现代化奠定更加坚实的基础。当然，重视速度，并不是唯速度，我们要摒弃主要依靠资源等要素投入推动经济增长和规模扩张的粗放型发展方式，更加重视发展的质量和效益，促进形成更多由内需主导、消费拉动、内生增长的经济发展模式，在尽可能争取更快经济增速的同时，更多提升经济发展质量，努力实现更高质量、更有效率、更加公平、更可持续、更为安全的发展。

During the “15th Five-Year Plan” period, relations among major powers will affect the international situation, and the evolution of the international situation will profoundly influence domestic development. China’s development is in a period where strategic opportunities coexist with risks and challenges, and uncertain and unpredictable factors are increasing. Internationally, unilateralism and protectionism are on the rise. Some external forces are imposing all-round suppression and containment on China, building “small yards with high fences,” promoting “decoupling and severing supply chains,” and making great-power games more complex and intense. At the same time, China faces problems such as prominent unbalanced and inadequate development, blockages and bottlenecks in the domestic economic cycle, the arduous task of transitioning between old and new growth drivers, relatively lagging agricultural and rural modernization, greater pressure on employment and resident income growth, and remaining risks and hidden dangers in key areas. Maintaining economic growth within a reasonable range faces considerable challenges and pressure. But it is even more important to see that China’s economic foundation is stable, its advantages are numerous, its resilience is strong, and its potential is great. The supporting conditions and basic trend of long-term improvement have not changed. The advantages of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, the advantage of the ultra-large market, the advantage of the complete industrial system, and the advantage of rich human resources are becoming more prominent. The economy has broad space and strong endogenous driving force for development, and possesses many favorable factors for actively managing international space and shaping the external environment. In particular, the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee can ensure that the Party’s line, principles, and policies are implemented consistently and effectively from top to bottom, and can concentrate resources to accomplish major tasks. Facing the profoundly complex and changing internal and external environment, we must maintain strategic focus, strengthen our confidence in victory, actively recognize, adapt to, and seek change, overcome difficulties, fight risks, and meet challenges with a spirit of historical initiative, concentrate on handling our own affairs well, win greater strategic opportunities in the course of responding to risks and challenges, and firmly grasp the initiative in development amid fierce international competition.

“十五五”时期，大国关系牵动国际形势，国际形势演变深刻影响国内发展，我国发展处于战略机遇和风险挑战并存、不确定难预料因素增多的时期。国际上单边主义、保护主义抬头，一些外部势力对我国实施全方位打压遏制，筑起“小院高墙”，推行“脱钩断链”，大国博弈更加复杂激烈。同时，我国面临发展不平衡不充分问题仍然突出、国内大循环存在卡点堵点、新旧动能转换任务艰巨、农业农村现代化相对滞后、就业和居民收入增长压力较大、重点领域还有风险隐患等问题，经济增长保持在合理区间面临不小挑战和压力。但更要看到，我国经济基础稳、优势多、韧性强、潜能大，长期向好的支撑条件和基本趋势没有变，中国特色社会主义制度优势、超大规模市场优势、完整产业体系优势、丰富人才资源优势更加彰显，经济发展具有广阔空间和强大内生动力，具备主动运筹国际空间、塑造外部环境的诸多有利因素。特别是党中央集中统一领导能够确保党的路线方针政策上下贯通、执行有力，能够集中力量办大事。面对深刻复杂变化的内外部环境，我们要保持战略定力，坚定必胜信心，积极识变应变求变，以历史主动精神克难关、战风险、迎挑战，集中精力办好自己的事，在应对风险挑战中赢得更大战略机遇，在激烈国际竞争中牢牢掌握发展主动权。

Development is the foundation and key to solving all of China’s problems. Although development is not equal to growth, growth is an indispensable component of development, the foundation and prerequisite for development. Without economic growth, it is difficult to speak of development. Realistically, problems that arise in the course of development need to be solved through development. The Proposal clearly designates adhering to high-quality development as an important principle that must be followed, and places achieving notable results in high-quality development at the top of the main goals. Currently, China is in a critical period of transforming its development model, optimizing its economic structure, and switching its growth drivers. Promoting high-quality development is an urgent requirement and an inevitable choice for surmounting this hurdle. This requires paying greater attention to coordinating both domestic and international situations, fully, accurately, and comprehensively implementing the new development philosophy, accelerating the construction of the new development paradigm, adhering to taking economic construction as the central task, unswervingly promoting high-quality development, continuously strengthening China’s economic strength, scientific and technological strength, and comprehensive national power, and better responding to the uncertainties of changes in the external environment with the certainty of its own high-quality development, ensuring sustained and stable economic development during the “15th Five-Year Plan” period and beyond.

发展是解决我国一切问题的基础和关键。虽然发展不等于增长，但增长是发展的一个不可或缺的组成部分，是发展的基础和前提，脱离经济增长也难言发展。现实地看，发展中出现的问题需要通过发展来解决。《建议》把坚持高质量发展明确为必须遵循的一条重要原则，把高质量发展取得显著成效放在主要目标的首位。当前，我国正处在转变发展方式、优化经济结构、转换增长动力的攻关期，推动高质量发展是跨越关口的迫切要求和必然选择。这就需要更加注重统筹国内国际两个大局，完整准确全面贯彻新发展理念，加快构建新发展格局，坚持以经济建设为中心，坚定不移推动高质量发展，不断壮大我国经济实力、科技实力、综合国力，以自身高质量发展的确定性更好应对外部环境变化的不确定性，确保“十五五”时期乃至更长时期经济实现持续稳定发展。

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that promoting high-quality development

习近平总书记指出，推动高质量发展，是我们当前和今后一个时期确定发展思路、制定经济政策、实施宏观调控的根本要求。《建议》对“十五五”时期经济社会发展作出了全面部署，通篇贯穿了高质量发展这个主题，在部署的各领域任务中都有体现。深入学习领会党的二十届四中全会精神，奋力推进“十五五”规划由宏伟蓝图变成生动现实，关键在于调动各级领导干部的主观能动性，紧紧抓住高质量发展这个首要任务，创造性贯彻落实好党中央决策部署。“十五五”时期，以高质量发展全面推进中国式现代化，要重点把握好以下几个方面。

First, building a modernized industrial system should be made the main front of high-quality development. A strong real economy is where China’s developmental advantages and foundations lie. The Proposal [n1] designates “building a modernized industrial system and consolidating and strengthening the foundations of the real economy” as the first strategic task, and clearly proposes optimizing and upgrading traditional industries, cultivating and expanding emerging and future industries, and constructing a modernized industrial system with advanced manufacturing as its backbone. Traditional industries are the basic stock of China’s modernized industrial system. To maintain a reasonable proportion of manufacturing, traditional industries absolutely cannot be discarded. Traditional manufacturing is not only the foundation for securing employment and people’s livelihoods, but also the launching point for scientific and technological innovation; without traditional manufacturing, scientific and technological innovation may lose its application scenarios and opportunities for iteration. The current focus for promoting high-quality development of traditional industries is to improve quality and upgrade, consolidating and enhancing the position and competitiveness of industries such as mining, metallurgy, chemicals, light industry, textiles, machinery, shipbuilding, and construction in the global industrial division of labor. We should develop advanced manufacturing clusters, promote the digital and intelligent transformation of manufacturing, and develop intelligent manufacturing, green manufacturing, and service-oriented manufacturing. Emerging and future industries represent the direction of the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, and are also key areas of competition among major powers. The Proposal puts forward efforts to build new pillar industries and accelerate the cluster development of strategic emerging industries such as new energy, new materials, aerospace, and the low-altitude economy. It also calls for exploring multiple technological pathways, typical application scenarios, viable business models, and market regulatory rules, so as to promote quantum technology, biomanufacturing, hydrogen energy and nuclear fusion energy, brain-computer interfaces, embodied intelligence, and sixth-generation mobile communications as new economic growth points. The continuous increase in the proportion of the modern services sector is an important feature of a modernized industrial system. The Proposal proposes advancing, by sector, the extension of producer services toward specialization and the high end of the value chain. We must vigorously develop producer services, enhance specialized, socialized, and comprehensive service capabilities oriented toward manufacturing, and raise the level of integrated development between modern services, advanced manufacturing, and modern agriculture. We should build new types of infrastructure ahead of demand, and promote the renovation and digital-intelligent transformation of traditional infrastructure. Building a modernized industrial system must adhere to the direction of intelligence, green development, and integration. At present, the green economy has become the commanding height of global industrial competition. With the goal of achieving peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality as the driver, we should coordinate efforts to reduce carbon emissions, cut pollution, expand green areas, and pursue growth, thereby strengthening the momentum for green development.

一是把建设现代化产业体系作为高质量发展的主阵地。实体经济强是我国发展优势所在、根基所在。《建议》把“建设现代化产业体系，巩固壮大实体经济根基”作为第一项战略任务，明确提出优化提升传统产业，培育壮大新兴产业和未来产业，构建以先进制造业为骨干的现代化产业体系。传统产业是我国现代化产业体系的基本盘。保持制造业合理比重，传统产业绝对不能丢。传统制造业不仅是保就业、保民生的基础，而且是科技创新的发力点，没有传统制造业，科技创新就可能失去应用场景、迭代机会。当前推动传统产业高质量发展的重点是提质升级，巩固提升矿业、冶金、化工、轻工、纺织、机械、船舶、建筑等产业在全球产业分工中的地位和竞争力。发展先进制造业集群，促进制造业数智化转型，发展智能制造、绿色制造、服务型制造。新兴产业和未来产业代表新一轮科技革命和产业变革方向，也是大国博弈的关键领域。《建议》提出，着力打造新兴支柱产业，加快新能源、新材料、航空航天、低空经济等战略性新兴产业集群发展。探索多元技术路线、典型应用场景、可行商业模式、市场监管规则，推动量子科技、生物制造、氢能和核聚变能、脑机接口、具身智能、第六代移动通信等成为新的经济增长点。现代服务业比重不断提高是现代化产业体系的重要特征。《建议》提出，分领域推进生产性服务业向专业化和价值链高端延伸。要大力发展生产性服务业，提升面向制造业的专业化、社会化、综合性服务能力，提高现代服务业与先进制造业、现代农业融合发展水平。适度超前建设新型基础设施，推进传统基础设施更新和数智化改造。建设现代化产业体系要坚持智能化、绿色化、融合化方向。当前，绿色经济已经成为全球产业竞争制高点。要以碳达峰碳中和为牵引，协同推进降碳、减污、扩绿、增长，增强绿色发展动能。

Second, accelerating high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening should be made an important support for high-quality development. To promote high-quality development, the most important thing is to accelerate high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening and actively develop new quality productive forces. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, China’s total R&D spending and the share of basic research funding both reached record highs, scientific and technological achievements were abundant, the Global Innovation Index ranking rose from 14th to 10th, key core technology breakthroughs made important progress, and the R&D and application of artificial intelligence, biopharmaceuticals, and robotics are in the world’s first tier. The Proposal proposes strengthening original innovation and breakthroughs in key core technologies, and advancing the development of education, science and technology, and talent as an integrated whole. Extraordinary measures should be taken to promote decisive breakthroughs in key core technologies in key areas such as integrated circuits, machine tools, high-end instruments, basic software, advanced materials, and biomanufacturing across the entire chain. We should promote a positive interaction between independent scientific and technological innovation and independent talent cultivation, and build education centers, science centers, and talent centers with global influence. We should fully implement the “Artificial Intelligence+” action, seize the commanding heights of AI industrial application, and empower all industries and sectors in an all-round way. We should promote the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation with industrial innovation, emphasize a demand-oriented approach, and insist that industry sets the questions and science and technology provides the answers. We should promote enterprise-led integration of industry, academia, and research for innovation, channel innovation resources toward enterprises, enhance their innovation capabilities, and make enterprises the main actors in technological innovation decision-making, R&D investment, scientific research organization, and the transformation of achievements.

二是把加快高水平科技自立自强作为高质量发展的重要支撑。推动高质量发展，最重要是加快高水平科技自立自强，积极发展新质生产力。“十四五”时期，我国全社会研发经费投入、基础研究经费占比均创历史新高，科技创新成果丰硕，全球创新指数排名由第14位上升到第10位，关键核心技术攻关取得重要进展，人工智能、生物制药、机器人等研发和应用处于全球第一梯队。《建议》提出，加强原始创新和关键核心技术攻关，一体推进教育科技人才发展。要采取超常规措施，全链条推动集成电路、工业母机、高端仪器、基础软件、先进材料、生物制造等重点领域关键核心技术攻关取得决定性突破。促进科技自主创新和人才自主培养良性互动，建设具有全球影响力的教育中心、科学中心、人才中心。全面实施“人工智能+”行动，抢占人工智能产业应用制高点，全方位赋能千行百业。推动科技创新和产业创新深度融合，突出需求导向，坚持产业出题、科技答题。促进企业主导的产学研融通创新，推动创新资源向企业集聚，提升企业创新能力，使企业成为技术创新决策、研发投入、科研组织、成果转化的主体。

Third, building a strong domestic market should be made an important guarantee for high-quality development. Expanding domestic demand concerns not only economic stability but also economic security; it is not an expedient measure but a strategic move. The Proposal proposes adhering to the strategic basis of expanding domestic demand, enhancing the endogenous driving force and reliability of the domestic economic cycle, vigorously boosting consumption, expanding effective investment, and resolutely removing blockages and bottlenecks hindering the construction of a unified national market. The current focus for boosting consumption is to cancel unreasonable or “one-size-fits-all” restrictive measures in the consumption field, establish and improve management methods that adapt to new consumption formats, new models, and new scenarios, and expand service consumption by focusing on relaxing access and integrating business formats. We should optimize the income distribution structure, effectively achieve the “two synchronizations” [n2], strive to raise the “two proportions” [n3], and enhance residents’ consumption capacity. We should increase the intensity of inclusive policies that directly benefit consumers, and increase government funds for expenditure on people’s livelihood guarantees. At the same time, we should better leverage the driving and amplifying role of government investment, adapt to changes in population structure and migration patterns, trends in industrial upgrading, and the need to optimize service functions, optimize the layout of supporting infrastructure and public service facilities such as education, and implement a number of key projects in areas such as elderly care, childcare, health, and cultural tourism consumption facilities. In line with national development needs, we should implement a number of major landmark projects in areas such as urban renewal, strategic trunk corridors, new energy systems, major water conservancy projects, and major national science and technology infrastructure. We should deepen the reform of the investment approval system and fully stimulate the vitality of private investment. We should push forward in depth the construction of a unified national market, unify basic market system rules and regulations, break down local protection and market segmentation, and promote the smooth flow of goods and factors on a larger scale.

三是把建设强大国内市场作为高质量发展的重要保障。扩大内需既关系经济稳定，也关系经济安全，不是权宜之计，而是战略之举。《建议》提出，坚持扩大内需这个战略基点，增强国内大循环内生动力和可靠性，大力提振消费，扩大有效投资，坚决破除阻碍全国统一大市场建设卡点堵点。当前提振消费的重点是取消消费领域不合理或“一刀切”限制措施，建立健全适应消费新业态新模式新场景的管理办法，以放宽准入、业态融合为重点扩大服务消费。优化收入分配结构，切实做到“两个同步”，努力提高“两个比重”，增强居民消费能力。加大直达消费者的普惠政策力度，增加政府资金用于民生保障支出。同时，更好发挥政府投资带动放大作用，适应人口结构变化和流动方向、产业升级趋势、服务功能优化等需要，优化与之配套的基础设施和教育等公共服务设施布局，在养老、托育、健康、文旅等消费配套设施领域实施一批重点项目。结合国家发展需要，在城市更新、战略骨干通道、新型能源体系、重大水利工程、国家重大科技基础设施等领域，实施一批重大标志性工程。深化投资审批制度改革，充分激发民间投资活力。纵深推进全国统一大市场建设，统一市场基础制度规则，破除地方保护和市场分割，促进商品要素在更大范围畅通流动。

Fourth, persisting in comprehensively deepening reform and opening up should be made the fundamental driving force for high-quality development. Adhering to the direction of reform of the socialist market economy, the core issue is to properly handle the relationship between the government and the market, give full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, and better play the role of the government. The Proposal proposes focusing on the institutional and mechanistic obstacles that constrain high-quality development, advancing deep-level reforms, expanding high-standard opening up, and continuously enhancing developmental momentum and social vitality. We must adhere to and implement the “two unswervinglys” [n4], and promote complementary advantages and common development of all forms of ownership. We should deepen the reform of state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises, improve market-oriented operating mechanisms, focus on functions such as strategic security, industrial leadership, the national economy and people’s livelihood, and public services, and promote the optimization and structural adjustment of the state-owned economy. We should implement the law on promoting the private economy, and develop and strengthen the private economy. We should accelerate the improvement of the institutional mechanisms for market-based allocation of production factors. We should deepen the reform of zero-based budgeting, appropriately strengthen central government authority and increase the proportion of central fiscal expenditure. We should increase the autonomous fiscal capacity of local governments. We should improve the central banking system and smooth the transmission mechanism of monetary policy. We should enhance the inclusiveness and adaptability of the capital market system, and improve the functions of the capital market in coordinating investment and financing. We should actively expand independent opening up, promote innovative development of trade, and promote the balanced development of imports and exports. We should expand the space for two-way investment cooperation, promote the integration of trade and investment, and guide the rational and orderly cross-border layout of industrial and supply chains.

四是把坚持全面深化改革开放作为高质量发展的根本动力。坚持社会主义市场经济改革方向，核心问题是处理好政府和市场的关系，充分发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用，更好发挥政府作用。《建议》提出，聚焦制约高质量发展的体制机制障碍，推进深层次改革，扩大高水平开放，持续增强发展动力和社会活力。要坚持和落实“两个毫不动摇”，促进各种所有制经济优势互补、共同发展。深化国资国企改革，健全市场化经营机制，聚焦战略安全、产业引领、国计民生、公共服务等功能，推进国有经济布局优化和结构调整。落实民营经济促进法，发展壮大民营经济。加快完善要素市场化配置体制机制。深化零基预算改革，适当加强中央事权、提高中央财政支出比重。增加地方自主财力。完善中央银行制度，畅通货币政策传导机制。提高资本市场制度包容性、适应性，健全投资和融资相协调的资本市场功能。积极扩大自主开放，推进贸易创新发展，推动进出口平衡发展。拓展双向投资合作空间，促进贸易投资一体化，引导产业链供应链合理有序跨境布局。

Fifth, continuously improving the quality of life of the people is taken as the starting point and ultimate goal of high-quality development. Chinese-path modernization is the modernization of common prosperity for all the people. The Proposal [5]5 The “Proposal” refers to the *CPC Central Committee’s Proposal on Formulating the 14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and the Long-Range Objectives Through the Year 2035*, adopted at the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee in October 2020. puts forward respecting the principal position of the people, focusing on safeguarding and improving people’s wellbeing through development, and expanding the space for development while meeting the people’s needs for a better life. At the same time, it emphasizes doing everything within our means, strengthening public wellbeing initiatives that are inclusive, fundamental, and provide a safety net, and properly solving the pressing difficulties and concerns of the people. Centering on safeguarding and improving people’s wellbeing, a number of policy measures with strong balance and accessibility should be deployed in areas such as promoting high-quality and full employment, improving the income distribution system, running education to the satisfaction of the people, improving the social security system, promoting high-quality development of real estate, accelerating the building of a Healthy China, promoting high-quality population development, and steadily advancing the equalization of basic public services. These include increasing urban and rural residents’ property income through multiple channels, implementing a plan to increase the income of urban and rural residents, effectively raising the income of low-income groups, and steadily expanding the size of the middle-income group; accelerating the development of a multi-tiered, multi-pillar old-age insurance system, and gradually raising the basic old-age pension for urban and rural residents. With a view to narrowing regional gaps and urban-rural differences, a number of practical measures should be deployed in accelerating agricultural and rural modernization, solidly advancing comprehensive rural revitalization, optimizing the regional economic layout, and promoting coordinated regional development. Realizing common prosperity for all the people is a long historical process; we must maintain historical patience and make unremitting efforts. We must adhere to promoting common prosperity through high-quality development, coordinate needs and possibilities, and base the safeguarding and improvement of people’s wellbeing on the sustainable growth of the economy and financial resources. The focus should be on raising the level of public services, accurately providing basic public services in the areas that the people care about most, such as education, medical care, old-age care, and housing, and ensuring the basic living底线 of people in difficulty.

五是把不断提高人民生活品质作为高质量发展的出发点和落脚点。中国式现代化是全体人民共同富裕的现代化。《建议》提出，尊重人民主体地位，注重在发展中保障和改善民生，在满足民生需求中拓展发展空间。同时，强调坚持尽力而为、量力而行，加强普惠性、基础性、兜底性民生建设，解决好人民群众急难愁盼问题。要围绕保障和改善民生，在促进高质量充分就业、完善收入分配制度、办好人民满意的教育、健全社会保障体系、推动房地产高质量发展、加快建设健康中国、促进人口高质量发展、稳步推进基本公共服务均等化等方面部署一批均衡性可及性强的政策举措，包括多渠道增加城乡居民财产性收入，实施城乡居民增收计划，有效增加低收入群体收入，稳步扩大中等收入群体规模；加快发展多层次、多支柱养老保险体系，逐步提高城乡居民基础养老金等。着眼缩小区域差距、城乡差别，在加快农业农村现代化、扎实推进乡村全面振兴，优化区域经济布局、促进区域协调发展等方面部署一批务实举措。实现全体人民共同富裕是一个长期历史过程，必须保持历史耐心，进行不懈努力。要坚持在高质量发展中促进共同富裕，统筹需要和可能，把保障和改善民生建立在经济和财力可持续增长的基础之上，重在提升公共服务水平，在教育、医疗、养老、住房等人民群众最关心的领域精准提供基本公共服务，兜住困难群众基本生活底线。

Author: Deputy Director of the Economic Committee of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference

作者：全国政协经济委员会副主任