The Logic and Path of Accelerating the Green Transformation of the Development Model in the Context of New Quality Productive Forces

The green transformation of the development model is an inherent requirement of ecological civilization construction, an inevitable demand of the ecological view of Chinese-path modernization, a necessary pathway for building a beautiful China, and the field in which green development is realized. In response to the trends of technological digitalization and the evolution of civilizational forms, the Party’s top-level design has scientifically elucidated the original categories of new quality productive forces and the green transformation of the development model. Xi Jinping pointed out that “new quality productive forces are themselves green productive forces.”[n] On the basis of the 20th National Congress of the CPC’s[n] clarification of the requirement to “accelerate the green transformation of the development model,” the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee[n] made a strategic plan for “focusing on building a beautiful China and accelerating the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development.” New quality productive forces aim to promote the transformation and replacement of traditional productive forces; they refer to a new quality of productive forces that takes digital technology as the key factor of production, empowers the optimization of economic structure and the enhancement of efficiency through digital technology innovation, and promotes the harmonious development of humanity and nature through the digital and green transformation of all factors of production. The green transformation of the development model is committed to achieving a two-way convergence and win-win situation between ecological priority and economic construction as the central task. It means planning development from the height of the harmonious coexistence of humanity and nature, continuously consolidating the green foundation of new quality productive forces, and supporting and promoting high-quality development with high-level protection and a high-quality ecological environment. “Accelerating the green transformation of the development model in the context of new quality productive forces” is another innovation in development thinking. As an important topic of the New Era, this article seeks to explore its internal logic and practical pathway.

发展方式绿色转型是生态文明建设的题中应有之义，是中国式现代化生态观的必然要求，是美丽中国建设的必要途径，也是绿色发展的实现场域。顺应技术数字化发展和文明形态演进的时势，党的顶层设计科学地阐发了新质生产力和发展方式绿色转型的原创性范畴。习近平指出，“新质生产力本身就是绿色生产力。”在党的二十大明确“加快发展方式绿色转型”要求的基础上，党的二十届三中全会对“聚焦建设美丽中国，加快经济社会发展全面绿色转型”进行战略擘画。新质生产力旨在推动传统生产力嬗变与更迭，是指以数字化技术作为关键生产要素，以数字技术创新赋能经济结构优化及其效率提升，以全要素数字化绿色化转型促进人与自然和谐发展的新型生产力质态。发展方式绿色转型致力于实现生态优先与经济建设中心的双向奔赴、共进双赢，意指站在人与自然和谐共生的高度谋划发展，不断夯实新质生产力发展的绿色底色，以高水平保护、高品质生态环境支撑和推进高质量发展。“新质生产力背景下加快发展方式绿色转型”是发展思想的又一次创新，作为新时代的重要论题，本文意求探究其内在逻辑及实践进路。

I. The Requirements of the Times for Accelerating the Green Transformation of the Development Model in the Context of New Quality Productive Forces

一、新质生产力背景下加快发展方式绿色转型的时代要求

Accelerating the green transformation of the development model is the strategic engine of the systemic transformation of ecological civilization construction, a crucial breakthrough for achieving high-quality development, and a key support for seizing the commanding heights of future development. It constitutes a triple logical necessity for the development of new quality productive forces: it is not only the essential requirement of the development of new quality productive forces, but also the inherent requirement for manifesting their value propositions, and moreover the urgent need to consolidate the green foundation of new quality productive forces.

加快发展方式绿色转型是生态文明建设系统性变革的战略引擎，是实现高质量发展的重要突破口，更是抢占未来发展制高点的关键支撑，构成了新质生产力发展的三重逻辑必然，不仅是新质生产力发展的本质要求，也是彰显其价值主张的内在要求，更是夯实新质生产力绿色底色的迫切需求。

(1) Accelerating the Green Transformation of the Development Model Is the Essential Requirement for the Development of New Quality Productive Forces

(一)加快发展方式绿色转型是新质生产力发展的本质要求

Promoting the qualitative upgrading of productive forces through transforming the development model is an innovative judgment by our Party on the major issue of how to develop new quality productive forces. As a qualitative leap in productive forces, new quality productive forces take green development as their requirement, and their essence lies in the green transformation of the development model. At present, China’s modernization process exhibits a unique “five-dimensional synergy” evolutionary paradigm in spatial terms, namely a parallel development pattern and structure of industrialization, urbanization, agricultural and rural modernization, informatization, and greening. This is clearly distinct from the serial development trend of civilization in Western developed countries—industrialization followed by informatization. Coupled with the inertia of industrial civilization development, traditional growth drivers show diminishing marginal returns. There is an urgent need to activate the potential of ecological factors through a green technological revolution, construct a new dual-drive kinetic energy system of “stock optimization and incremental breakthrough,” activate the stock of green kinetic energy with increments of green kinetic energy, and promote the transformation of the development model toward the greening of all factors of production. In this context, the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee placed the “green transformation of the development model” at a strategic height, profoundly revealing the internal laws of the evolution of new quality productive forces. That is, in the contemporary context of the deep coupling of the digital economy and the paradigm of ecological civilization, new quality productive forces exhibit the dual attributes of digital drive and green empowerment. This not only signifies a paradigm shift of production factors toward new types of elements such as digital technology, information data, and intelligent algorithms, but also contains a systemic reconstruction of the green, low-carbon, and sustainable development paradigm. It is a redefinition of the relationship between humanity and nature in the era of digital civilization, and another innovation in development thinking. In a word, accelerating the green transformation of the development model and developing new quality productive forces are not isolated, unidirectional developments. Rather, they are strategic issues that are mutually complementary within the green development paradigm in the era of digital ecological civilization. The former provides the green foundation and value orientation for the latter by promoting the ecological turn of the development model, while the latter injects innovation momentum and technological support into the former by focusing on the innovative reshaping of production factors.

通过转变发展方式促进生产力质态升级，是我们党对如何发展新质生产力这一重大问题的创新性论断。新质生产力作为生产力在质态上的跃迁，以绿色发展为要求，本质在于发展方式的绿色转型。当下，我国现代化进程在空间上呈现出独特的“五维协同”演进范式，即工业化、城镇化、农业农村现代化、信息化与绿色化的并联式发展格局和结构，明显区别于西方发达国家的工业化———信息化的串联式文明发展态势，加之工业文明发展的惯性(inertia，即—种变化的惰性)使然，传统增长动能呈现边际效应递减，亟需通过绿色技术革命激活生态要素潜能，构建“存量优化与增量突破”双轮驱动的新动能体系，以绿色动能增量激活绿色动能存量，推动发展方式向全要素绿色化转型。在此背景下，党的二十届三中全会将“发展方式绿色转型”置于战略高度，深刻揭示了新质生产力演进的内在规律，即在数字经济与生态文明范式深度耦合的当代语境下，新质生产力呈现出数字驱动与绿色赋能的双重属性，不仅表征着生产要素向数字技术、信息数据以及智能算法等新型要素的范式转换，更蕴含着对绿色低碳可持续发展范式的系统性重构，是对数字文明时代人与自然关系的重新定义，更是发展思想的又一次创新。一言以蔽之，加快发展方式绿色转型与发展新质生产力并不是孤立的单向度发展，而是数字生态文明时代内嵌于绿色发展范式下互为表里的战略性议题，前者通过推动发展模式的生态化转向为后者提供绿色发展底色和价值导向，后者着眼于生产要素的创新性重塑为前者注入创新动能和技术支撑。

(2) Accelerating the Green Transformation of the Development Model Is the Inherent Requirement for Manifesting the Value Propositions of New Quality Productive Forces

(二)加快发展方式绿色转型是彰显新质生产力价值主张的内在要求

Green transformation, as an important component of the development of new quality productive forces, is not only a manifestation of their internal logic but also the core expression of their value propositions. Placed in the context of the in-depth advancement of digitalization and informatization, digital well-being has already constituted a new form of the people’s well-being in the process of digital transformation. The development of new quality productive forces is reflected in the dynamic coupling between technological progress and the improvement of people’s livelihoods. Their mechanism of action lies in “driving the transformation of production methods and lifestyles as a whole through digital transformation.” Through the penetration, linkage, and empowerment of digital technology, they open up links such as production, distribution, exchange, and consumption, forming a whole-chain supply system for a happy life, thereby realizing a new vision of a beautiful digital life and constructing a new paradigm of a beautiful digital life. Among these, green transformation anchors the strategic direction for the development of new quality productive forces and injects green kinetic energy. On the one hand, through deep integration with digital technology, it systematically improves resource utilization rates and significantly reduces negative environmental externalities, constructs a sustainable resource guarantee system, and thereby forms a regenerative positive feedback loop between the economic system and the ecosystem, providing a stable ecological foundation for the development of new quality productive forces. On the other hand, relying on green technological progress, new quality productive forces can achieve precise allocation of resource elements and cluster-based synergy and efficiency enhancement. By leveraging digital smart platforms, they accelerate the digital iteration of the ecological product and service spectrum, thereby promoting cost reduction, efficiency gains, and the release of green welfare. This transforms the decline in energy consumption per unit of GDP and ecological value into quantifiable benefits for the people’s livelihood, comprehensively raising the level of social welfare. At the same time, the people’s demand for a beautiful ecological environment is both the endogenous driving force for the green transformation of the development model and the logical starting point and value destination of developing new quality productive forces. As the subject of practice, the people, on the one hand, transform their objective activities into development momentum by participating in green technological innovation; on the other hand, they achieve subjective reconstruction in the process of enjoying new quality services, turning the process of green consumption into a process of value creation, and continuously strengthening the social foundation of recognition for development. In summary, the development of new quality productive forces continuously transforms ecological value into a perceptible sense of gain for the people’s livelihood, and green development continuously transforms the beautiful ecological environment into a quantifiable increase in happiness. Together, they manifest the subjectivity of the people and fully demonstrate the organic unity of the people as the subject of value and the subject of practice.

绿色转型作为新质生产力发展的重要组成部分，不仅是其内在逻辑的体现，更是其价值主张的核心表达。置于数字化、信息化纵深推进的时代背景下，数字福祉已然构成了人民福祉在数字化转型进程中的新样态。新质生产力的发展体现为技术进步与民生改善之间的动态耦合，其作用机制在于“以数字化转型整体驱动生产方式、生活方式变革”，通过数字技术的渗透、链接与赋能，打通生产—分配—交换—消费等环节，形成全链条的幸福生活供给体系，进而实现美好数字生活新图景，构筑美好数字生活新范式。其中，绿色转型为新质生产力的发展锚定了战略方向并注入了绿色动能。一方面，通过与数字技术深度融合，系统性提升资源利用率与显著降低环境负外部性，构建可持续性的资源保障体系，进而形成经济系统与生态系统之间的再生性正向反馈，为新质生产力的发展提供稳固的生态根基。另一方面，依托绿色技术进步，新质生产力能够实现资源要素的精准配置与基于集群的协同增效，借助数字智慧平台加速推进生态产品和服务谱系的数字化迭代，进而促进降本增效和绿色福利的释放效应，将单位GDP能耗下降与生态价值转化为可量化的民生红利，全面提升社会福利水平。同时，人民对优美生态环境的需求既是发展方式绿色转型的内生动力，也是发展新质生产力的逻辑起点与价值依归。作为实践主体，人民一方面通过参与绿色技术创新，将对象性活动转化为发展动能;另一方面在享受新质服务过程中实现主体性重构，使绿色消费的过程转变为价值创造过程，不断强化发展的社会认同基础。概言之，新质生产力发展不断推动生态价值转化为可感知的民生获得感，绿色发展不断推动优美生态环境不断转化为可量化的幸福增量，共同彰显了人民的主体性，充分张扬了人民的价值主体与实践主体的有机统一。

(3) Accelerating the Green Transformation of the Development Model Is the Urgent Requirement for Consolidating the Green Foundation of New Quality Productive Forces

(三)加快发展方式绿色转型是打牢新质生产力绿色底色的迫切要求

A sound ecological environment is the foundation for the development of new quality productive forces, and the comprehensive green transformation of the development model bears on the quality of future development of new quality productive forces. At present, China is in a critical period of cultivating and developing new quality productive forces. Accelerating the green transformation of the development model is a strategic choice to consolidate the green foundation of new quality productive forces and to take the path of harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature. "Different understandings, interpretations, and outcomes of handling the relationship between humanity and nature lead to different forms of civilization. Ecological civilization must adhere to the harmonious coexistence of humanity and nature." [1]1 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the 11th Collective Study Session of the Political Bureau of the 20th Central Committee” (January 31, 2024), quoted in official Party documents. New quality productive forces break through the traditional linear economic model, deeply integrate the new development philosophy, and are characterized by high efficiency and sustainable development. Their development inherently requires the optimal allocation of resources. Therefore, green transformation is an essential part of their inherent meaning, injecting sustainable vitality into them. First, relying on the deep integration and empowerment of digital technology, the coupling of data elements and green energy gives rise to a "green digital twin," continuously reshaping the paradigm of factor allocation and achieving optimization under the dual constraints of "resource efficiency and environmental benefits," guiding the production system toward ecological intensification. Second, technological innovation is the core driving force of green transformation and a key factor in reshaping the green foundation of new quality productive forces. The integration and spillover effects of digital technology can restructure the production system and organizational forms, improve the total factor production function, steer development toward greening, intelligence, and high-end advancement, while simultaneously alleviating ecological deficits, internalizing environmental costs, and further enhancing the resilience of the economic system. Finally, industrial synergy is both the practical direction of green transformation and an important path for solidifying the green foundation of new quality productive forces. Through the green synergy and spatial agglomeration of the industrial chain and supply chain, improving green supply chain management, building a green innovation ecosystem, and forming a self-organizing mechanism for the development of new quality productive forces, the ultimate goal is to achieve a deep coupling of economic development and environmental protection.

良好的生态环境是新质生产力发展的底色，发展方式的全面绿色转型关系到今后发展新质生产力的成色。当前，我国正处于培育和发展新质生产力的关键时期，加快发展方式绿色转型是夯实新质生产力绿色基底、走人与自然和谐共生之路的战略选择。“人类对人与自然关系的不同认识、理解和处理结果，会导致不同的文明形态，生态文明必须坚持人与自然和谐共生。”新质生产力突破了传统的线性经济模式，深度融合新发展理念，以高效能与可持续发展为显著特征，其发展内在要求资源优化配置。因此，绿色转型是其题中应有之义，为其注入了可持续的活力。首先，依托数字技术的深度融合与赋能，数据要素与绿色能源耦合催生出“绿色数字孪生”，不断重构要素配置范式，并在“资源效率-环境效益”的双约束下实现优化，引导生产体系向生态集约化演进。其次，技术创新是绿色转型的核心动力，也是重塑新质生产力绿色基底的关键因素。数字技术的集成与外溢效应能够重构生产体系与组织方式，完善全要素生产函数，使发展走向绿色化、智能化和高端化，同时缓释生态赤字、内生化环境成本，进一步增强经济系统的韧性。最后，产业协同既是绿色转型的实践指向，也是打牢新质生产力绿色基底的重要路径。通过产业链-供应链的绿色协同与空间集聚，完善绿色供应链管理，构建绿色创新生态系统，形成新质生产力发展的自组织机制，最终实现经济发展与环境保护的深度耦合。

II. The Theoretical Connotation of Accelerating the Green Transformation of the Development Model in the Context of New Quality Productive Forces

二、新质生产力背景下加快发展方式绿色转型的理论内涵

In the context of new quality productive forces, the green transformation of the development model involves the green transformation of economic growth, the qualitative reshaping of the three elements of productive forces, the shift toward conservation and intensive use of resources, and the green restructuring of the production function and consumer preferences. This highlights the important foundational role of the ecological environment in the process of developing new quality productive forces and economic and social development.

新质生产力背景下发展方式绿色转型涉及经济增长绿色化变革、生产力三要素质性重塑、资源利用节约集约转向以及生产函数与消费偏好绿色重构，突显了生态环境在新质生产力和经济社会发展进程中的重要底色。

(1) The Green Transformation of Economic Growth

(一)经济增长的绿色化变革

Traditional economic growth theory assumes that natural resources are given and can be infinitely utilized as exogenous variables, homogenizing different production factors and ignoring the inherent characteristics of natural ecological resources and their threshold constraints. In fact, natural resources are a necessary component of economic growth. Their reserves, capacity for economic benefit conversion, consumption rate, and recovery rate all constrain the material production capacity and sustainable development period of economic and social development. For a long time, maximizing national material wealth has been considered the main goal of human economic activity. However, GDP growth does not equate to economic and social development. Specifically regarding the ecological environment, GDP can neither measure the efficiency of resource allocation nor reflect ecological costs and the level of development of productive forces. Therefore, a development model that unilaterally pursues GDP growth inevitably leads to high consumption, low efficiency, and ecological environmental degradation, falling into the dilemma of the binary opposition between environment and development. At present, the development philosophy of human society has undergone a gradual deepening process from "growthism" to "green development." Especially in the current context of accelerating the transformation of the economic development model, it is necessary to rely on green technological innovation to enhance resource productivity, reduce environmental load, and promote the in-depth development of the economy toward green, low-carbon, and sustainable directions. As a new qualitative state of productive forces in the digital age, new quality productive forces emphasize the ecological "growth boundary." By incorporating ecological factors into the endogenous growth model, they establish a high-quality growth paradigm under ecological boundary constraints, making environmental quality an endogenous variable driving a virtuous cycle of the economy. In this process, the material and energy exchange of the ecological economy becomes increasingly frequent, and the connection between the economic system and the ecosystem becomes ever closer, thus forming an indivisible whole. Therefore, social development does not negate economic growth for the sake of environmental protection, but rather achieves synergy between quantitative expansion and qualitative leap, incorporating the ecological environment into the production and utility functions, internalizing ecological constraints and incentive mechanisms, and thereby achieving intensive and green economic growth.

传统的经济增长理论假定自然资源是既定且可无限利用的外生变量，将不同生产要素同质化，忽略了自然生态资源的内在特性及其阈值约束。事实上，自然资源是经济增长的必要组成，其储量大小、经济效益转化能力、消耗速度及恢复速度等均制约着经济社会发展的物质生产能力与可持续发展年限。一直以来，国民物质财富的最大增长被认为是人类经济活动的主要目标。然而，GDP增长并不等于经济社会发展，具体到生态环境方面，GDP既不能衡量资源配置的效率，亦无法反映生态成本与生产力发展水平。因此，片面追求GDP增长的发展方式也就必然导致高消耗、低效益以及生态环境恶化，陷入环境与发展二元对立的两难困境。当下，人类社会的发展理念经历了从“增长主义”到“绿色发展”的渐进深化过程。特别是在当前加快经济发展方式转变的背景下，必然要依靠绿色技术创新提升资源生产率、降低环境负荷、推动经济向绿色、低碳、可持续方向深入发展。作为数字时代的生产力发展新质态，新质生产力强调生态“增长边界”，通过将生态要素纳入内生增长模型，确立生态边界约束下的高质量增长范式，使环境质量成为驱动经济良性循环的内生变量。在这一过程中，生态经济的物能交换愈来愈频繁，经济系统与生态系统之间的联系也愈来愈紧密，从而构成了一个不可分割的整体。因而，社会发展并非以保护环境为由否定经济增长，而是实现数量扩张与质量跃升的协同，将生态环境纳入生产与效用函数，内生化生态约束与激励机制，进而实现集约化、绿色化的经济增长。

(2) The Qualitative Reshaping of the Three Elements of Productive Forces

(二)生产力三要素的质性重塑

Xi Jinping pointed out that new quality productive forces are "driven by revolutionary technological breakthroughs, innovative allocation of production factors, and deep industrial transformation and upgrading. Their basic connotation is the leap in the quality of laborers, means of labor, objects of labor, and their optimized combination, with the significant increase in total factor productivity as the core symbol." [2]2 The 20th National Congress of the CPC was held in October 2022. Based on the Marxist theory of productive forces, new quality productive forces contain three layers of meaning: the upgrading of the three elements of productive forces (element composition), the optimized combination of the three elements of productive forces (element allocation), and the leap in the proportional fit between the three elements of productive forces (dynamic mechanism). This reveals the revolutionary restructuring in the process of the qualitative change of productive forces. Regarding element composition, new quality productive forces are "new" in the revolutionary transformation of the three elements of productive forces. Driven by digital technology, new quality laborers possess both high-level digital literacy and the ability for rapid knowledge iteration. New quality means of labor construct a "human-machine-object" triadic integrated technological ecosystem. Data, as a new type of production factor, breaks through the traditional boundaries of the object of labor, forming a production structure with synergy between physical and non-physical elements. Through non-linear coupling with other elements, it creates value increments that transcend material forms. Regarding element allocation, new quality productive forces not only reflect the innovative evolution of elements but also the optimized reorganization of the ways elements are combined. They emphasize technological innovation as support and green development as a constraint and orientation, achieving a leap from dispersion and fragmentation to intensification, high efficiency, and low carbon, manifesting a new form of productive forces that "win by quality." Regarding the dynamic mechanism, there is a certain adaptability and proportional relationship among the three elements, which shows a dynamic evolutionary trend. Empowered by digital twin technology, algorithm optimization forms immediately adaptable element combination schemes, driving a paradigm shift in the traditional production function. This enables the new quality productive forces system to build a self-reinforcing productivity growth model, thereby promoting a paradigm shift in economic growth from factor-driven to innovation-driven.

习近平指出，新质生产力“由技术革命性突破、生产要素创新性配置、产业深度转型升级而催生，以劳动者、劳动资料、劳动对象及其优化组合的跃升为基本内涵，以全要素生产率大幅提升为核心标志”。立足马克思主义生产力理论，新质生产力蕴含着三重意蕴:即生产力三要素的升级(要素构成)、生产力三要素的优化组合(要素配置)以及生产力三要素之间的适配比例(动态机制)的跃升，揭示了生产力质变过程中的革命性重构。就要素构成而言，新质生产力“新”在生产力三要素的革命性嬗变。数字技术驱动下，新质劳动者兼具高水平数字素养与快速知识迭代能力，新质劳动资料构建起“人-机-物”三元融合的技术生态系统，数据作为新型生产要素突破传统劳动对象边界，形成实体与非实体要素协同的生产结构，并通过与其他要素的非线性耦合，创造出超越物质形态的价值增量。就要素配置而言，新质生产力不仅体现要素的创新进化，更体现在要素结合方式的优化重组，强调以科技创新为支撑、以绿色发展为约束与导向，实现由分散、细碎向集约、高效、低碳的跃迁，彰显“以质取胜”的生产力新样态。就动态机制而言，三要素之间存在一定的适配性与比例关系，并呈动态演化趋势。在数字孪生技术赋能下，通过算法优化形成即时适配的要素组合方案，驱动传统生产函数的范式变革，使新质生产力系统构建起具有自我强化的生产力增长模式，进而推动经济增长从要素驱动向创新驱动的范式转换。

(3) The Shift Toward Conservation and Intensive Use of Resources

(三)资源利用的节约集约转向

Resource utilization efficiency, as a key indicator for measuring the potential of the green transformation of the development model, points to the capacity to convert the value of ecologically endowed resources that have economic value under specific spatiotemporal constraints. It reflects both the current level of natural resource utilization efficiency and the potential space for future improvement in resource utilization efficiency. From the early stages of economic development, natural resources have been regarded as the foundation of a nation’s prosperity and strength. Economists such as William Petty, Adam Smith, David Ricardo, and Alfred Marshall all argued, from the perspective of scarcity in a free market, for the fundamental role of natural resources in economic growth. However, traditional economic theory has long adhered to the assumption of “unlimited resources,” emphasizing short-term economic benefits while neglecting ecological carrying thresholds, thereby inducing the dual negative externalities of resource depletion and pollution accumulation. With the profound transformation of the paradigm of economic and social development, the degree and scale of human intervention in natural ecosystems have continuously increased, and the contradiction between resource supply and demand has become prominent. At present, the relative insufficiency of energy and resources and the relative weakness of the ecological environment’s carrying capacity have become a basic natural condition of our country. This determines that “comprehensively promoting resource conservation and intensive utilization” and “making efforts to transform the mode of resource utilization and improve resource utilization efficiency” are the foundational and overarching tasks in advancing the construction of an ecological civilization. Among these, conservation focuses on demand-side management to curb incremental consumption, while intensification relies on technological progress to enhance the allocation efficiency and recycling level of existing stocks, thereby achieving total volume control. In recent years, green technologies represented by renewable energy technology, energy storage and conversion technology, energy conservation and efficiency improvement technology, digital and intelligent technology, and carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology have flourished, giving rise to new quality productive forces with greening and intelligentization at their core. These have become a key force driving high-quality economic and social development. Their reshaping effect on the resource utilization mechanism is manifested in three aspects: first, the substitution effect, developing renewable resources to improve substitution efficiency, promoting a transition from depletion-dependent reliance to renewable transformation. Second, the efficiency-enhancing effect, using intelligent sensing, precision extraction, and ecological restoration to reduce waste and damage. Third, the circular shaping effect, constructing a circular economy system of “resources – products – waste – renewable resources,” relying on symbiotic networks and digital twins to improve material conversion efficiency, thereby restructuring the resource utilization system and driving the green transformation of the development model.

资源利用率作为衡量发展方式绿色转型潜力的关键指标，指向在特定时空约束下具有经济价值的生态资源禀赋的价值转化能力，既反映当前自然资源的利用效率水平，也预示着未来资源利用率提升的潜力空间。从经济学发展的早期开始，自然资源就被看作国家繁荣富强的基础，诸如威廉·配第、亚当·斯密、李嘉图、马歇尔等经济学家都从自由市场稀缺性的层面论证了自然资源对于经济增长的基础性作用。然而，传统经济学理论长期秉持“资源无限论”的假设，偏重短期经济效益而忽视生态承载阈值，诱发资源透支与污染叠加的双重负外部性。随着经济社会发展范式的深刻变革，人类活动对自然生态系统的干预程度与规模不断增长，资源供需矛盾突显。当下，能源资源相对不足、生态环境承载能力相对不强已经成为我国的一个基本自然国情，决定了“全面促进资源节约集约利用”“在转变资源利用方式、提高资源利用效率上下功夫”是当前推进生态文明建设的基础性、全局性工作。其中，节约侧重需求侧管理以抑制增量消耗，集约则依托技术进步提升存量配置效率与循环水平来实现总量控制。近年来，以可再生能源技术、能源存储与转换技术、节能与能效提升技术、数字与智能技术、碳捕集与封存技术(CCS)为代表的绿色技术蓬勃发展，催生了以绿色化、智能化为内核的新质生产力，成为当前推动经济社会高质量发展的关键力量。其对资源利用机制的重塑性体现在:一是替代效应，发展可再生资源提升替代效率，推动从耗竭性依赖向可再生转型。二是增效作用，借助智能感知、精准开采与生态修复减少浪费与破坏。三是循环塑形，构建“资源-产品-废弃物-再生资源”的循环经济体系，依托共生网络与数字孪生提升物质转化效能，进而重构资源利用体系并驱动发展方式绿色转型。

(IV) The Green Restructuring of the Production Function and Consumption Preferences

(四)生产函数与消费偏好的绿色重构

In the introduction to *A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy*, Marx revealed that production and consumption possess a direct identity, forming a dynamic circulatory system. However, the traditional production function assumes that natural resources are highly substitutable, one-sidedly emphasizing “expanding productive consumption” while neglecting sustainability, leading to resource waste, excessive consumption, and ecological environmental degradation. Currently, China’s economic development is at a critical stage where the transition between old and new driving forces is breaking through and taking shape. Technological innovation, industrial optimization, and demand upgrading are objectively catalyzing the gestation and development of new quality productive forces. From the perspective of new quality productive forces, the green transformation of the development model takes ecological constraints as both a premise and a goal. It focuses not only on the sustainability of natural resource supply and the stability of the ecosystem but also on the energy consumption, material consumption, and emissions in the processes of production and consumption. It incorporates low-carbon production and green consumption into the core content and performance indicators of the transformation. By internalizing external costs and optimizing institutional and technological pathways, it seeks to minimize the negative impact of economic activities on nature. Specifically, the development of new quality productive forces, with greenness as its foundation, is restructuring the production function and consumption preferences, continuously nurturing new technologies, spawning new business forms, creating new supply, and forming new demand. On the one hand, on the production side, the green and low-carbon transformation is restructuring the traditional production function characterized by low-cost factor advantages, nurturing new space for economic growth. It represents a new direction for upgrading the economic structure and is a crucial link in advancing the high-quality development of the economy and society. On the other hand, on the consumption side, the awakening of environmental protection awareness is reshaping the demand structure. Simple, moderate, green, and low-carbon ecological needs truly align with people’s “real needs.” These are further transformed into the intrinsic driving force of new quality productive forces, forcing the production system to evolve towards high-end, green, and intelligent directions. This further stimulates the demand for green upgrading and transformation of traditional industries and the demand for green consumption, creating a large-scale green market on a massive scale.

马克思在《政治经济学批判》导言中揭示了生产与消费具有直接同一性，构成了一个动态循环系统。然而，传统生产函数假定自然资源高度替代，片面强调“扩大生产消费”，忽视可持续性，导致资源浪费、过度消费及生态环境恶化。当前，我国经济发展正处于新旧动能转换破局成势的关键阶段，科技创新、产业优化、需求升级客观上催化着新质生产力的孕育与发展。在新质生产力视域下，发展方式绿色转型以生态约束为前提与目标，既关注自然资源供给的可持续性与生态系统的稳定性，也关注生产和消费过程中的能耗、物耗与排放，将生产低碳化、消费绿色化纳入转型的核心内容与绩效指标，通过内生化外部成本、优化制度与技术路径，尽可能降低经济活动对自然的负面影响。具体而言，新质生产力的发展以绿色为底色，正通过重构生产函数与消费偏好不断孕育新技术、催生新业态、创造新供给、形成新需求。一方面，在生产侧，绿色低碳化转型正在重构以要素低成本优势为特征的传统生产函数，孕育着经济增长的新空间，是经济结构升级的新方向，也是当前推进经济社会实现高质量发展的重要环节。另一方面，在消费侧，环境保护意识的觉醒正在重塑需求结构，简约适度、绿色低碳的生态需求才是真正契合人的“真实需要”，并进一步转化为新质生产力的内在动力，倒逼生产系统向着高端化、绿色化、智能化方向演进，进一步刺激传统产业绿色升级改造需求和绿色消费需求，大规模地打造绿色市场。

III. Real Challenges in Accelerating the Green Transformation of the Development Model in the Context of New Quality Productive Forces

三、新质生产力背景下加快发展方式绿色转型的现实挑战

The development of new quality productive forces provides an unprecedented window of opportunity for the green transformation of the development model. However, at the current stage, the inertial resistance caused by the parallel structure of China’s civilizational development [6]6 The “parallel structure of civilizational development” refers to the simultaneous coexistence of pre-industrial, industrial, and post-industrial elements in China’s development process, creating complex and overlapping challenges. cannot be underestimated. The green transformation faces numerous practical challenges in terms of cognition, industry, talent, and institutions, profoundly affecting and constraining the process of green transformation of the development model in the context of new quality productive forces.

新质生产力的发展为发展方式绿色转型提供了前所未有的机遇窗口。然而，现阶段，我国当下文明发展的并联式结构引发的惯性阻力不容小觑，绿色转型面临认知、产业、人才、制度等方面的诸多现实挑战，深刻影响和制约着新质生产力背景下发展方式的绿色转型进程。

(I) The Guiding Role of Ecological Rationality Needs Further Enhancement

(一)生态理性的引导性有待进一步增强

Under the economic operation mechanism dominated by traditional productive forces, there is a clear tension between economic rationality and ecological rationality. The former takes profit maximization and capital增殖 [7]7 Capital增殖 (zēngzhí) means capital valorization or self-expansion of value, a core concept in Marx’s critique of political economy. as its guiding principle, viewing nature as a source of growth; the latter emphasizes the harmonious coexistence of humanity and nature, focusing on the sustainable development of the environment. Looking at the evolutionary history of modern economic society, from classical economics to neoclassical economics and then to new institutional economics, utility maximization has always been dominant, leading to a growth paradigm centered on material expansion. This has not only caused massive waste of natural resources but also severe ecological and environmental problems. At the same time, the scarcity and public nature of ecological resources determine that everyone can use environmental resources free of charge, which means that the ecological value of environmental resources has not been incorporated into the current economic accounting system. Consequently, the ecological use value of environmental resources cannot be reflected in the form of prices, leading to the long-term low-price or even zero-price use of environmental resources. The development of new quality productive forces breaks through the existing development model, attempting to establish a new mode of production that internally unifies economic rationality and ecological rationality. Its purpose is not “protection within growth,” but rather the subordination of economic rationality to ecological rationality, advocating that ecological protection takes precedence over economic growth. However, at the practical level, the deep integration of the two still faces many challenges, and the guiding role of ecological rationality needs further enhancement. First, market prices struggle to fully reveal ecological value; price signal failure leads to over-exploitation and inefficient use of resources. Second, the current economic indicator system fails to fully account for ecological costs and the price of environmental damage; the trade-off between growth and protection lacks a scientific quantitative basis. Third, the continued overuse of resources in turn compresses the space for sustainable growth and weakens the foundation of ecological rationality. Fourth, related institutions and governance mechanisms are constrained by cost considerations, further exacerbating the opposition between the two, highlighting the practical dilemma that ecological rationality and economic rationality have not yet achieved effective unity in the current practice of economic and social development.

在传统生产力主导的经济运行机制下，经济理性与生态理性之间存在明显的张力。前者以利润最大化与资本增殖为圭臬，将自然视为增长之源;后者强调人与自然和谐共生，注重环境的可持续发展。纵观现代经济社会的演进历程，从古典经济学到新古典经济学再到新制度经济学，效用最大化始终占据主导，引致以物质扩张为核心的增长范式，不仅造成自然资源的大量浪费，还造成严峻的生态环境问题。与此同时，生态资源的稀缺性和公共性决定了每个人均可无偿使用环境资源，也就导致环境资源的生态价值未能纳入现行经济核算体系，必然造成环境资源的生态性使用价值不能以价格形式得到体现，以致环境资源的长期低价甚至是无价使用。新质生产力的发展突破了既有发展方式，试图建立一种经济理性与生态理性内在统一的新型生产方式，其目的不在“增长中保护”，而在于经济理性服从于生态理性，主张生态保护优于经济增长。然而在实践层面，两者的深度融合仍面临诸多挑战，生态理性的引导性还有待进一步增强。一是市场价格难以充分揭示生态价值，价格信号失灵致使资源过度开发与低效利用。二是现行经济指标体系未能全面计入生态成本和环境破坏代价，增长与保护之间的权衡缺乏科学量化依据。三是持续的资源过度使用反过来压缩可持续增长空间并削弱生态理性基础。四是相关制度与治理机制受制于成本约束，进一步加剧了两者的对立，突显了在当前经济社会发展实践中，生态理性与经济理性尚未实现有效统一的现实困境。

(II) The Adjustment and Optimization of the Industrial Structure Cannot Be Completed Quickly

(二)产业结构的调整优化难以快速完成

As a high-order form of the leap in productive forces, new quality productive forces represent the forward direction and inevitable trend of the development of productive forces for a period to come, even a very long period to come. Their coupling and synergy with the green transformation of the industrial structure have become a key driving force for promoting high-quality economic and social development. Although China’s industrial green transformation has achieved notable results, deep-seated changes remain constrained by multiple structural factors, which restrict the speed and quality of optimization and upgrading. First, historical inertia and path dependence are prominent. This manifests as the fact that it takes time for green technologies and green products to capture the market, while the withdrawal of backward technologies and products from traditional industries is also a gradual process. At the same time, existing production networks and supply chains exhibit a certain inertial resistance to disruptive innovation; the concentration of strategic emerging industries is relatively low, homogeneous competition is evident, and the coexistence of traditional and emerging sectors, as well as old and new technologies, slows the pace of economic structural adjustment. Second, industrial synergy is insufficient, and the industrial chain is incomplete. Upstream and downstream connections are loose, the flow of factors is impeded, and in industries such as new energy and new materials, a phenomenon of “strong materials—weak recycling” is common, making it impossible to form a complete industrial chain. Cross-regional synergy is inadequate, with fragmented resource allocation coexisting with redundant construction, which to some extent weakens the positive externalities of industrial agglomeration. The conversion rate of scientific and technological innovation achievements is low, and the integration of the industrial chain and innovation chain is insufficient, making it difficult to form a benign interactive mechanism led by technology and supported by industry, thereby limiting the stable development of the industrial chain. Third, external uncertainties are rising. The global division of labor and the new round of industrial revolution are accelerating, which both impacts traditional industries and provides opportunities for emerging fields. At present, climate change and resource and environmental constraints impose higher demands on green and low-carbon industries. However, external factors such as technological change, geopolitical conflicts, and financial fluctuations increase the risks of global supply chain disruptions and restricted market access, leading to higher adjustment costs and longer cycles.

新质生产力作为生产力跃迁的高阶形态，代表了未来一段时期乃至很长时期内生产力发展的前进方向和必然趋势，其与产业结构绿色化转型的耦合协同已成为推动经济社会高质量发展的关键动能。尽管我国产业绿色转型已取得显著成效，但深层变革仍受多重结构性约束，制约着优化升级的速度与质量。其一，历史惯性与路径依赖突出。表现为绿色技术、绿色产品占领市场需要一定的时间，而传统产业中的落后技术、落后产品退出市场也是一个渐进过程。与此同时，既有生产网络与供应链对颠覆性创新存在一定的惯性阻力，战略性新兴产业集中度偏低、同质化竞争明显，而且传统与新兴、旧技术与新技术并存，经济结构调整进度缓慢。其二，产业协同不足，产业链条不完备。上下游衔接松散、要素流动不畅，在新能源新材料等产业领域常见“材料强—回收弱”现象，尚未能形成完整的产业链条;跨区域协同不足，资源配置碎片化与重复建设并存，一定程度上削弱了产业集聚的正外部性;科技创新成果转化率低，产业链创新链融合不足，难以形成技术引领、产业支撑的良性互动机制，限制了产业链的稳定发展。其三，外部不确定性上升。全球分工与新一轮产业革命加速演进，既冲击传统产业亦为新兴领域提供机遇。当下，气候变化与资源环境约束对绿色低碳产业提出了更高的要求，然而技术变革、地缘政治冲突与金融波动等外部因素增加了全球供应链断裂与市场准入受限风险，致使调整成本上升、周期拉长。

(3) Insufficient reserves of green technology and talent

(三)绿色技术与人才的发展储备不足

Technological bottlenecks are a constraining factor that cannot be ignored in the green transformation of China’s development model. In recent years, China’s technological innovation has shown a trend of rapid iteration, and the development of new quality productive forces is also forcing green technological innovation. However, internationally, the “technological blockade” and “decoupling and severing supply chains” surrounding frontier fields such as artificial intelligence, biotechnology, blockchain, and sustainable energy have intensified the “de-globalization” trend in global technological development, increasing the difficulty of international scientific and technological cooperation. Against the backdrop of drastic changes in the global division of labor, the transformation of social development characterized by green, low-carbon, and intelligent features has become a key area for countries seeking new economic growth points. In comparison, although China has achieved breakthroughs in some core links, there is still an overall gap with the international frontier. This manifests as weak original innovation capacity, low levels of integration and application, prominent shortcomings in core green technologies, and a high degree of external dependence, making it urgent to strengthen independent innovation and the supply of original achievements. Talent, as the core engine of innovation-driven development and value creation, has seen continuous growth in the number of high-end scientific and technological researchers in China in recent years. However, the intensity of R&D human capital investment remains lower than that of developed economies, and the reserve of high-end talent is insufficient. The main difficulties lie in the difficulty of recruiting digital technology talent, low investment in talent funding, and weak innovation incentive mechanisms. In addition, there is an urgent demand for composite talent with knowledge of both digital technologies (such as artificial intelligence, big data, and cloud computing) and green fields (such as environmental science and energy engineering). Yet the existing education system lags in updating its specialty settings, curriculum systems, and teaching models, and its capacity for interdisciplinary training is insufficient, which to some extent also restricts the breadth and depth of the green transformation.

技术瓶颈是我国发展方式绿色转型过程中不容忽视的制约因素。近年来，我国技术创新呈现出快速更迭的态势，新质生产力的发展也正倒逼绿色技术革新。但国际上，围绕人工智能、生物技术、区块链与可持续能源等前沿领域的“科技封锁”“脱钩断链”加剧了全球科技发展的“去全球化”趋势，增加了国际科技合作的难度。在全球分工格局剧变的背景下，以绿色、低碳、智能为特征的社会发展转型已成为各国寻求新经济增长点的关键领域。相比之下，我国虽在部分核心环节取得突破，整体仍与国际前沿存在差距。表现为原始创新能力偏弱，集成与应用水平不高，绿色核心技术短板突出、对外依存度较高，亟需强化自主创新与原创成果供给。人才作为创新驱动与价值创造的核心引擎，尽管近年来我国高端科技和研发人员数量持续增长，但研发人力投入强度仍低于发达经济体，高端人才储备不足。究其原因，数字技术人才引进难、人才经费投入少、创新激励机制弱等是最主要的困境。此外，当前对兼具数字技术(如人工智能、大数据、云计算)与绿色领域(如环境科学、能源工程)知识的复合型人才需求迫切，而现有教育体系在专业设置、课程体系与教学模式方面更新滞后，交叉培养能力不足，一定程度上也制约了绿色转型的广度、深度。

(4) Institutional misalignment and lag in the green transformation

(四)绿色转型的制度存在错置与滞后

As the green transformation advances in depth, the problem of mismatch between institutional supply and the needs of diversified development is becoming increasingly prominent. This is mainly manifested in structural imbalance in the system, lag in timeliness, and insufficient policy coordination, which have become key constraints on the effectiveness of green and low-carbon transformation driven by new quality productive forces. Among these, structural imbalance is mainly reflected in the misalignment between resource allocation and goal orientation. As emerging industries, green industries face problems such as technological uncertainty, high market risk, and long investment return cycles, leading to relatively insufficient resource allocation in green industries and the field of sustainable development. The spatial heterogeneity of environmental regulation intensity and economic incentive measures causes factor flows to deviate from ecological rationality. Lag in timeliness is manifested in the disconnection between institutional updates and the development of green technologies. At present, new scenarios such as distributed energy management and intelligent environmental monitoring are emerging, while supporting laws, regulations, and standards lag behind, resulting in regulatory gaps and ambiguous rights and responsibilities. Issues such as the involvement of digital twins in governance and data flow lack forward-looking regulation. Insufficient coordination is manifested in the need to improve coordination between institutions. The unclear classification of institutional levels and types, and the low degree of distinction between basic systems, institutional arrangements, and procedural rules, weaken the integrated innovation of institutions. The green policy guarantee system also contains some redundancy and complexity, which to some extent weakens the scale effect of green collaborative innovation. At the same time, green and digital standards and evaluation systems lag behind, lacking effective connection and mutual recognition, resulting in unclear bases for policy implementation. As a new type of means of production, data lacks complete systems for rights confirmation, pricing, circulation, and security, and data sharing is not smooth, making it difficult to fully tap the value of data, thereby affecting the actual effectiveness of the green transformation.

在绿色转型纵深推进之际，制度供给与多元化发展需求之间的适配失衡问题不断突显，主要表现为制度结构失衡、时效性滞后及其政策协同性不足，成为当下制约新质生产力驱动下绿色低碳转型效能的关键掣肘。其中，结构性失衡主要体现在资源配置与目标导向错位。绿色产业作为新兴产业，面临着技术不确定性、市场风险高以及投资回报周期长等问题，导致绿色产业和可持续发展领域的资源配置相对不足;环境规制强度与经济激励措施空间异质，致使要素流动偏离生态理性。时效性滞后表现在制度更新与绿色技术发展相脱节。当下分布式能源管理、智能环境监测等新场景涌现，而配套法律、监管与标准滞后，出现监管空白与权责模糊，数字孪生介入治理、数据流动等议题缺乏前瞻性规制。协同性不足表现为制度与制度之间的协调性有待提升。制度层级与类型划分不清，基本制度、体制性安排与程序性规则区分度不高，削弱制度集成创新;绿色政策保障体系亦存部分重复冗杂，一定程度上也削弱了绿色协同创新的规模效应。同时，绿色与数字标准及评价体系滞后，缺乏有效衔接与互认，致使政策执行依据不明;作为新型生产资料的数据，其确权、定价、流通与安全制度不完备，数据共享不畅，导致数据价值难以充分挖掘，进而影响着绿色转型实效。

(5) The conceptual construction and transformation of a green lifestyle has not yet been completed

(五)绿色生活方式的理念建构转型尚未完成

The conceptual reconstruction and practical transformation of a green lifestyle under the paradigm of new quality productive forces is essentially a systemic change in the cognitive models and behavioral paradigms of social members. However, at present, the conceptual construction and transformation of a green lifestyle still faces many constraining factors. First, individuals have conceptual misinterpretations and cognitive ambiguities regarding the connotation of green development, making it difficult to correctly handle the tension between “accelerating development” and “green development.” This prevents green concepts from being internalized into stable consumption orientations and conscious behaviors, and the social atmosphere for green development is not strong. Second, green development actors such as enterprises, social organizations, and the general public are relatively lacking in fulfilling their main responsibilities. This is manifested not only in the need to improve their level of participation in green and low-carbon lifestyles, but also in the need to enhance the effectiveness of social supervision and strengthen public awareness of supervision. Third, in the consumption field, the supply of green products is insufficient and the market scale is small, making it difficult to match diverse demands. At the same time, the high production costs, long cycles, and high premiums of green products lead to insufficient consumer willingness to recognize and purchase them. Fourth, the general public generally has a tool-rationality bias toward the digital transformation of ecological civilization construction, viewing it as a purely technical and networked construction while ignoring the pivotal role of digital technology in cultivating green productive forces. This leads to insufficient depth in the application of systemic tools such as environmental monitoring and carbon footprint tracking, which to some extent weakens the enabling effect of technology on public participation and social synergy.

新质生产力范式下绿色生活方式的理念重构与实践转型，本质上是社会成员认知模式与行为范式的系统性变革。然而，就目前来看，绿色生活方式的理念建构转型依然面临诸多制约因素。其一，个体对绿色发展的内涵存在概念性误读与认知模糊，难以正确处理“加快发展”与“绿色发展”之间的张力，致使绿色理念难以内化为稳定的消费取向与自觉行为，绿色发展社会氛围不浓。其二，企业、社会组织以及社会公众等绿色发展主体在落实主体责任方面较为欠缺，不仅表现为在绿色低碳生活方面的参与程度有待提高，而且社会监督效力也有待提升、公众监督意识有待增强。其三，消费领域绿色产品供给不足、市场规模偏小，难以匹配多样化需求。同时，绿色产品生产成本高、周期长、溢价高，致使消费者对绿色产品的认知意愿、购买力不足。其四，社会公众对生态文明建设的数字化转型普遍存在工具理性偏误，将其视作单纯的技术性与网络化建设，忽略数字技术在绿色生产力培育中的枢纽作用，导致环境监测、碳足迹追踪等系统性工具应用深度不足，一定程度上弱化了技术对公众参与和社会协同的赋能效应。

IV. Practical paths for accelerating the green transformation of the development model in the context of new quality productive forces

四、新质生产力背景下加快发展方式绿色转型的实践路径

The green transformation of the development model is a systemic project covering all fields and running through the entire process. From the perspective of the development of new quality productive forces, the practical paths for the green transformation of the development model should focus on the following key dimensions in response to the above challenges, standing at the height of the harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature to plan practical measures for development, and empowering the formation of new quality productive forces and high-quality development through a comprehensive green transformation of the development model.

发展方式绿色转型是一个覆盖全领域、贯穿全过程的系统工程。从新质生产力发展视角审视，发展方式绿色转型的实践路径应针对上述挑战聚焦以下关键维度，站在人与自然和谐共生高度谋划发展的现实举措，以发展方式全面绿色转型赋能新质生产力的形成和高质量发展。

(1) Accelerate the integrated advancement of education, science and technology, and talent, accumulating green momentum for the transformation

(一)加快教育科技人才一体化推进，为转型积累绿色动力

The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC systematically laid out the strategic deployment for the coordinated development of education, science and technology, and human resources, indicating that to lay a solid green foundation for the comprehensive high-quality transformation of economic and social development, it is necessary to adhere to a systematic approach to link and coordinate the integrated advancement of green education, green scientific and technological innovation, and green talent cultivation. First, build a multi-level, all-round green education system, integrate the concept of green development into the education guarantee system, and establish a sound material environment for green education in higher education institutions along with quantifiable, scientific mechanisms for green education supervision and evaluation; utilize modern digital technology to construct green education management information systems and network platforms, thereby improving the efficiency of green education evaluation. On this basis, optimize the content system of higher education teaching with green concepts, reform the existing curriculum system, add systematic green course clusters, promote permeative teaching, continuously improve the green education curriculum system, establish green concepts, and stimulate green value identification. Second, strengthen green technological innovation, “gradually advancing the green transformation of the economy and society through the renewal of green technologies, moving toward modernization characterized by the harmonious coexistence of humanity and nature.” Focus on areas such as resource conservation, intensive and circular utilization, low-carbon and zero-carbon industrial process reengineering, ecosystem carbon sequestration and sink enhancement, negative carbon and greenhouse gas emission reduction, and lay out a number of forward-looking, strategic, and disruptive scientific and technological projects; improve a green technology innovation system with enterprises as the main body, market orientation, and deep integration of industry, academia, and research, promoting the integrated development of green technology research, transformation, and application. Finally, construct a full-chain, diversified green talent cultivation model. Adhere to demand orientation and the integration of industry and education, deepen the long-term mechanism of collaborative education between enterprises, schools, and government, optimize professional settings to align with technological iteration; improve green talent evaluation and incentive mechanisms, promote the diversified development of talent in green scientific research, governance, and industrial fields, and create an institutional environment that encourages innovation.

党的二十大报告系统谋划了教育、科技、人才协同发展的战略部署，启示着打牢经济社会发展全面高质量转型的绿色底色，必须坚持以系统思维联动协调绿色教育深化、绿色科技创新、绿色人才培育的一体化推进。首先，构建多层次、全方位的绿色教育体系，将绿色发展理念融入教育保障体系，建立健全高校绿色教育物质环境和可量化、科学的绿色教育监管与评价机制;利用现代数字技术，搭建绿色教育管理信息系统和网络平台，提高绿色教育评价的效率。在此基础上，以绿色理念优化高校教育教学内容体系，对现有课程体系进行改革，增设系统化绿色课程群、推进渗透式教学，不断完善绿色教育课程体系，树立绿色观念，激发绿色价值认同。其次，强化绿色技术创新，“通过绿色技术更新渐次推进经济社会的绿色化转型，向人与自然和谐共生的现代化迈进”。聚焦资源节约集约循环利用、低碳与零碳工业流程再造、生态系统固碳增汇、负碳及温室气体减排等领域，布局一批前瞻性、战略性、颠覆性科技攻关项目;健全以企业为主体、市场为导向、产学研深度融合的绿色技术创新体系，促进绿色技术研发、转化、应用一体化发展。最后，构建全链条、多元化的绿色人才培养模式。坚持需求导向与产教融合，深化校企校政协同育人的长效机制，优化专业设置以契合技术迭代;完善绿色人才评价与激励机制，推动人才在绿色科研、治理与产业领域多元化发展，营造鼓励创新的制度环境。

(II) Do a good job in the overall planning and comprehensive management of the ecosystem, building a green barrier for transformation

(二)做好生态系统的统筹与综合管理，为转型构建绿色屏障

The stability and cyclicality of ecosystems formed by the mutual coupling of natural resources such as mountains, rivers, lakes, seas, forests, and wetlands in the natural ecological environment constrain the overall capacity and potential space of new quality productive forces. The various natural elements within an ecosystem exhibit close material-energy exchange and functional interdependence; each element does not exist in isolation, and each has its specific position and role. Based on this, a systematic framework for ecological environment governance should be constructed, overall planning for ecosystem services and comprehensive management should be enhanced, providing a green barrier for the green transformation of the development model. First, proceed from a systems engineering and holistic perspective, comprehensively promote the integrated protection and restoration of mountains, waters, forests, farmlands, lakes, grasslands, deserts, and ice, constructing a network of a community of life across the entire territory. Through major ecological projects, ecological red lines and territorial spatial control, territorial greening and remediation, soil and water conservation, returning farmland to forest and grassland and land rehabilitation, and other measures, improve green infrastructure and enhance landscape connectivity and synergistic functions. Second, adhere to both prioritizing protection and empowering with digital intelligence, reshaping the digital paradigm of ecological governance. Relying on the real-time sharing capability of digital technology, improve the baseline data and dynamic monitoring of natural resources, continuously increase the total amount of information supply, promote the intelligentization of ecological governance and data sharing, strengthen fine-grained control such as monitoring, carbon footprint tracking, and early warning, thereby pushing the mode of ecological environment governance toward “intelligent governance.” Third, establish a dynamic assessment and adaptive management feedback mechanism. Relying on the Internet, remote sensing, and artificial intelligence to build an ecological monitoring network, regularly assess biodiversity, system health, and service functions, form data inventories, and provide data support for management decisions; further, based on the assessment results, identify risk thresholds, improve feedback loops, and achieve continuous optimization and precise regulation of strategies.

自然生态环境中诸如山川湖海、森林湿地等自然资源相互耦合而成的生态系统的稳定性与循环性制约着新质生产力的整体容量和潜力空间。生态系统内各自然要素之间呈现出密切的物能交换与功能依存关系，各要素不是孤立存在的，每个要素都有其特定的位置和作用。基于此，应构建系统性生态环境治理框架，统筹提升生态系统服务与综合管理，为发展方式绿色转型提供绿色屏障。一是从系统工程和全局角度出发，整体推进山水林田湖草沙冰一体化保护修复，构建全域生命共同体网络。通过重大生态工程、生态红线与国土空间管控、国土绿化与整治、水土保持、退耕还林还草与休养生息等举措，完善绿色基础设施，增强景观连通性与协同功能。二是坚持保护优先与数智赋能并重，重塑生态治理数字范式。依托数字技术的实时共享性，完善自然资源底数与动态监测，不断提升信息供给总量，推进生态治理智能化与数据共享，强化监测、碳足迹与预警等精细管控，进而推动生态环境治理方式向“智能治理”方向发展。三是建立动态评估与自适应管理反馈机制。依托互联网、遥感与人工智能构建生态监测网络，定期评估生物多样性、系统健康与服务功能，形成数据清单，为管理决策提供数据支撑;进一步，根据评估结果，识别风险阈值，完善反馈回路，实现策略的持续优化与精准调控。

(III) Optimize the industrial structure, cultivate the guiding function of green market demand for green transformation

(三)优化产业结构，培育绿色市场需求对绿色转型的导向功能

Under the development paradigm of new quality productive forces, digital technology, as a new driving force and key production factor for promoting industrial digital transformation, is driving sustainable economic and social development through the intelligent “monetization” of data and information resources, and driving a systematic, all-round, and profound change in the development model. First, conform to the requirements of the era of digital civilization, build safe and trustworthy digital infrastructure, and accelerate the development of the modern industrial system toward intelligent and green directions; establish and improve an economic system for green, low-carbon, and circular development, continuously promote the improvement of quality and efficiency in new ecological and environmental protection industries, thereby achieving the optimal allocation and digital value addition of natural resources. Second, vigorously develop green and low-carbon industries, continuously increase the proportion of green and low-carbon industries in the total economic output. Adhere to the orientation of industrial ecologization, focus on the path of economic greening transformation, accelerate the adjustment and optimization of the industrial structure, and strive to achieve the decoupling of economic growth from the load on resources and the environment; cultivate new drivers of green growth, transform traditional industries with green technologies, and enhance endogenous momentum. At the same time, leverage the role of market mechanisms, use prices to reflect the scarcity of natural resources, optimize factor allocation, and expand green market space. Third, improve incentive mechanisms and subsidy policies. Perfect fiscal, tax, investment, and price policy systems and market mechanisms, strengthen market environment design such as green certification, green supervision, and green finance, and improve the soft environment for green development. Through differentiated preferential policies and project lists, provide policy support for green projects such as energy conservation and carbon reduction, circular utilization, and renewable energy, such as implementing tax and fee preferential measures for enterprises producing green products like new energy vehicles and photovoltaic equipment, continuously stimulating the vitality of green industry development.

在新质生产力发展范式下，数字技术作为推动产业数字化转型的新动能与关键生产要素，正通过数据信息资源智能化“变现”推动经济社会实现可持续发展，驱动发展方式系统性、全方位深刻变革。第一，顺应数字文明时代要求，构建安全可信的数字基础设施，加快推进现代产业体系朝着智能化、绿色化方向发展;建立健全绿色低碳循环发展经济体系，持续推动生态环保新产业提质增效，进而实现自然资源的优化配置与数字化增值。第二，大力发展绿色低碳产业，不断提升绿色低碳产业在经济总量中的比重。坚持产业生态化导向，围绕经济绿色化转型路径，加快产业结构调整优化，努力实现经济增长与资源环境负荷的脱钩;培育绿色增长新动能，以绿色技术改造传统产业，增强内生动力。同时发挥市场机制作用，以价格反映自然资源的稀缺程度，优化要素配置、拓展绿色市场空间。第三，健全激励机制和补贴政策。完善财税、投资、价格政策体系和市场化机制，加强绿色认证、绿色监管、绿色金融等市场环境设计，改善绿色发展的软环境。通过差别化优惠和项目清单，对节能降碳、循环利用、可再生能源等绿色项目予以政策支持，如对新能源汽车、光伏设备等绿色产品生产企业实施税费优惠措施，不断激发绿色产业发展活力。

(IV) Deepen green institutional innovation, strengthen the institutional and mechanism guarantee for green transformation

(四)深化绿色制度创新，加大绿色转型的体制机制保障

The resolution of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC clearly states, “We must improve the institutions and mechanisms for developing new quality productive forces in light of local conditions,” pointing the direction for deepening the reform of the ecological civilization system and strengthening the institutional and mechanism advantages for green development. Although China has initially established a relatively complete system of laws and regulations, there are still gaps in the supply of institutional innovation required for green transformation, and it is necessary to deepen institutional innovation for green development. First, highlight the guiding position of the green development paradigm in the policy system. Integrate the concept of green development throughout the entire process of formulating and implementing policies in areas such as economy, society, environment, and technology, construct a systematic, coordinated, and diversified green development policy system, and form a policy network of mutual support and mutual promotion. Second, deepen the reform of the ecological civilization system, improve the territorial space development and protection system, advance ecological civilization pilot zones and demonstration zones, and improve the system of nature reserves with national parks as the main body; establish mechanisms for accountability, departmental coordination, and ecological compensation, improve environmental baselines and the regulatory system, and strengthen monitoring and early warning of resource and environmental carrying capacity. In addition, comprehensively establish the river chief system and lake chief system, and promote the establishment of market-oriented, diversified ecological compensation mechanisms. Third, improve the legal guarantee for green development, revise and improve ecological laws and normative documents, strengthen preventive systems, and improve laws on the rational use of ecological resources and environmental monitoring; in terms of environmental governance, promote pollution control with strict regulations, strengthen the implementation and supervision of compensation and restoration, conduct cost and behavior assessments, and continuously improve the effectiveness and enforceability of policy tools.

党的二十届三中全会决议明确指出，“要健全因地制宜发展新质生产力体制机制”，为深化生态文明体制改革、厚植绿色发展的体制机制优势指明了方向。尽管我国已初步建立相对比较完整的法律法规体系，但在绿色转型所需的制度创新供给方面仍存在缺位，必须深化绿色发展的制度创新。其一，突出绿色发展范式在政策体系中的指导地位。将绿色发展理念贯穿于经济、社会、环境和技术等政策制定和实施的全过程，构建系统、协调、多元的绿色发展政策体系，形成相互支撑、相互促进的政策网络。其二，深化生态文明体制改革，完善国土空间开发保护制度，推进生态文明试验区与先行示范区，健全以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系;建立责任追究、部门协同与生态补偿机制，完善环境底线与监管体制，强化资源环境承载力监测预警。此外，全面建立河长制、湖长制，推动建立市场化、多元化生态补偿机制等。其三，健全绿色法治保障，修订完善生态法律与规范性文件，强化预防性制度，健全生态资源合理利用法、环境监测法等;环境治理方面，应以严格规制推动污染治理，加强赔偿和修复的执行与监督，开展成本与行为评估，不断提升政策工具的有效性与可执行性。

(V) Advocate green consumption, cultivate a green and low-carbon lifestyle

(五)倡导绿色消费，培育绿色低碳的生活方式

At present, China is in a critical period of economic and social transformation. Constraints from resources and the environment are becoming increasingly tight, the green transformation of the development model is urgently needed, and the people’s expectations for a better life are continuously rising. Against this backdrop, advocating green consumption and cultivating a green and low-carbon lifestyle are important pathways for addressing environmental challenges and achieving green development. First, raise public awareness of green consumption. Build a diversified and collaborative system of publicity and education, popularizing concepts such as green certification, life-cycle assessment, and carbon footprint in a systematic and accessible manner, encourage consumers to choose products with environmental certification, and advocate a simple, moderate, and recyclable consumption model; strengthen government guidance by incorporating green ecology into consumption orientation and public service provision, set up special funds to support community sharing, waste recycling and reuse projects, expand green consumption scenarios, and motivate all sectors of society to participate in green development. Second, promote green products and services. Improve the mechanism for realizing the value of ecological products, use fiscal subsidies, tax incentives, and green finance to encourage enterprises to carry out green technological innovation and green supply chains, and improve green certification, labeling, and quality supervision so that green attributes are transformed into identifiable market value. At the same time, develop the sharing economy and circular economy, expand the supply of high-quality green products, and promote the transformation of “lucid waters and lush mountains” [12]12 “Lucid waters and lush mountains” (绿水青山) is a phrase from Xi Jinping’ into natural capital and productive forces. Finally, systematically advance a green lifestyle. Use policy coordination to promote green-benefit technologies and infrastructure, create a social atmosphere for low-carbon travel and energy conservation and emission reduction; build multi-participation platforms, establish benchmarking and recognition mechanisms, and improve behavioral incentives linked to social credit, so that green concepts are internalized into lasting habits, thereby consolidating the social foundation for the green transformation of the development model, and ultimately forming a green consumption pattern with universal participation, government-enterprise collaboration, and technological support.

当前，我国正处于经济社会转型的关键时期，资源环境约束日益趋紧，发展方式绿色转型迫在眉睫，人民群众对美好生活的期待持续提升。在此背景下，倡导绿色消费，培育绿色低碳的生活方式，是应对环境挑战、实现绿色发展的重要途径。首先，提升公众绿色消费意识。构建多元协同的宣传教育体系，以系统化、深入浅出的方式普及绿色认证、生命周期与碳足迹等理念，鼓励消费者选择具有环保认证产品，倡导简约、适度、可循环的消费模式;强化政府引导，将绿色生态纳入消费导向与公共服务供给，设立专项资金支持社区共享、旧物回收循环等项目，壮大绿色消费场景，激励社会各界参与绿色发展。其次，推广绿色产品和服务。完善生态产品价值实现机制，通过财政补贴、税收优惠与绿色金融，激励企业开展绿色技术创新与供应链绿色化，健全绿色认证与标识及质量监管，使绿色属性转化为可识别的市场价值。同时，发展共享经济、循环经济，扩大优质绿色供给，促进“绿水青山”向自然资本与生产力转化。最后，系统推进绿色生活方式。以政策协同推广绿色惠民技术与基础设施，营造低碳出行与节能减排的社会氛围;搭建多元参与平台，树立标杆与表彰机制，健全行为激励与社会信用联动，促使绿色理念内化为持久习惯，为发展方式绿色转型夯实社会基础，进而形成全民参与、政企协同、技术支撑的绿色消费格局。

(6) Deeply participate in international green dialogue and enhance China’s leading effect in green transformation

(六)深度参与国际绿色对话，提升我国绿色转型的引领效应

Against the backdrop of deepening global climate change and the accelerating process of China’s ecological civilization construction, green, low-carbon, and circular development has become an important direction of the current technological revolution and industrial transformation. As the world’s largest developing country, China must both confront the challenge of international green trade barriers and break free from the inertia of the domestic traditional development model. This dual pressure has pushed the green transformation of the development model to the core of the modernization of national governance. First, build new mechanisms for multilateral cooperation and continuously enhance discourse power and influence in the field of ecological and environmental governance. Through the Belt and Road Initiative green cooperation, provide assistance and support to countries along the route in areas such as renewable energy and low-carbon transport, and proactively assume more environmental governance responsibilities for developing countries. Faced with the current characteristics of “fragmented rules and differentiated standards” in international green governance, deeply participate in the formulation of international standards and the setting of green agendas, use platforms such as the UNFCCC, ISO, and G20 to promote rule alignment, continuously enhance institutional discourse power, demonstrate the responsibility of a major country, and promote the transformation of the global green governance system. Second, innovate green cooperation platforms, optimize the pattern of international resource collaboration, and jointly build a green community with a shared future. Establish special platforms such as a sustainable development dialogue mechanism and a green energy transition cooperation forum, jointly build research bases and international innovation alliances around frontier directions such as CCS [13]; promote international cooperation on green certification and conformity assessment, continuously enhance the competitiveness of China’s green products in the international market, and increase the international recognition of China’s green products. Third, tell China’s ecological and environmental protection stories well and spread the concept of green development. Strengthen the international dissemination of Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization [14], hold international conferences, forums, and other activities, invite international experts and scholars to jointly discuss green development issues, and share China’s successful cases and experiences in green transformation; rely on media and social platforms and other channels, through case sharing and technology matching, transform China’s environmental governance experience into methodology, continuously enhance China’s image and influence in the global green transformation, and thereby increase the international community’s recognition of and support for China’s green transformation.

在全球气候变化持续深化与我国生态文明建设进程加速演进的背景下，绿色低碳循环发展已成为当下科技革命与产业变革的重要方向。作为全球最大的发展中国家，中国既要应对国际绿色贸易壁垒的挑战，又要破解国内传统发展模式惯性，这种双重压力将发展方式绿色转型推向了国家治理现代化的核心位置。一是构建多边合作新机制，持续提升生态环境治理领域的话语权与影响力。通过“一带一路”绿色合作，为沿线国家提供可再生能源、低碳交通等领域的援助与支持，主动承担更多发展中国家的环境治理责任。面对当前国际绿色治理呈现“规则碎片化、标准差异化”的特征，应深度参与国际标准制定与绿色议题设置，借助UNFCCC、ISO及G20等平台推动规则对接，不断提升制度性话语权，展现负责任大国担当，推动全球绿色治理体系变革。二是创新绿色合作平台，优化国际资源协作格局，共建绿色命运共同体。设立可持续发展对话机制与绿色能源转型合作论坛等专项平台，围绕CCS等前沿方向共建科研基地与国际创新联盟;推动绿色认证和合格评定国际合作，不断增强我国绿色产品在国际市场上的竞争力，提高我国绿色产品的国际认可度。三是讲好中国生态环保故事，传播绿色发展理念。加强习近平生态文明思想国际传播，通过举办国际会议、论坛等活动，邀请国际专家和学者共同探讨绿色发展议题，分享我国在绿色转型中的成功案例和经验;依托媒体和社交平台等渠道，通过案例分享和技术对接，将我国的环境治理经验转化为方法论，不断提升我国在全球绿色转型中的形象和影响力，进而增强国际社会对我国绿色转型的认可和支持。