Chinese-Path Modernization’s Resolution of the Global South’s Modernization Predicament and Its Significance

In the midst of the great changes unfolding across the world, the pursuit of modernization is a shared aspiration and historical mission of the Global South. In 2017, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “Looking at the world, we are confronted with changes unseen in a century. Since the turn of the century, a large number of emerging market economies and developing countries have been developing rapidly, multipolarity is accelerating, the international configuration is becoming increasingly balanced, and the general trend of the international situation is irreversible.” In 2024, in his remarks at the “BRICS Plus” dialogue of leaders, General Secretary Xi Jinping further stated: “‘The collective rise of the Global South is a striking sign of the great changes in the world. The common march of Global South countries toward modernization is a major event in world history and an unprecedented feat in the course of human civilization.’” These important statements profoundly reflect the core concept and development trend of the Global South. First, in terms of its core concept, the Global South is a collective of emerging market economies and developing countries. Second, in terms of its development trend, the march of Global South countries toward modernization is an inevitable trend in the historical development of humanity. China is not only an important member of the Global South but also a backbone force driving the common modernization of the Global South. Although the modernization of the Global South faces structural predicaments constructed by Western modernization, the successful practice and developmental achievements of Chinese-path modernization will provide more opportunities for world modernization and inject immense strength into the modernization of the Global South. Therefore, from a comparative perspective, revealing how Western modernization has created the real predicament of Global South modernization, and then exploring how Chinese-path modernization has extricated itself from that predicament, can more clearly present the world significance of Chinese-path modernization.

在世界大变局中逐梦现代化是全球南方的共同期盼和历史使命。2017年，习近平总书记指出：“放眼世界，我们面对的是百年未有之大变局。新世纪以来一大批新兴市场国家和发展中国家快速发展，世界多极化加速发展，国际格局日趋均衡，国际潮流大势不可逆转。”2024年，习近平总书记在“金砖+”领导人对话会上的讲话中进一步指出：“‘全球南方’群体性崛起，是世界大变局的鲜明标志。‘全球南方’国家共同迈向现代化是世界历史上一件大事，也是人类文明进程中史无前例的壮举。”这些重要论述深刻反映出全球南方的核心概念和发展趋势。第一，从核心概念看，全球南方是新兴市场国家和发展中国家的集合体。第二，从发展趋势看，全球南方国家迈向现代化是人类历史发展的必然趋势。中国不仅是全球南方重要成员，也是推动全球南方共同迈向现代化的中坚力量。尽管全球南方现代化面临着西方现代化构筑的结构性困境，但中国式现代化的成功实践和发展成就，将为世界现代化提供更多的机遇，也为全球南方现代化注入磅礴力量。因此，在比较视域中，揭示西方现代化何以制造了全球南方现代化的现实困境，进而探讨中国式现代化如何摆脱全球南方现代化困境，能够更加清晰地呈现出中国式现代化的世界意义。

I. The Real Predicament Created by Western Modernization for Global South Modernization

一、西方现代化对全球南方现代化造成的现实困境

Viewed from the historical dimension of world modernization, Western countries possess the first-mover advantage of having achieved modernization earlier. Although the countries that entered modernization first display the future image of latecomer countries, Western modernization has nevertheless created a structural predicament for latecomer countries entering modernization, namely the Global South modernization predicament. Western modernizing countries, through predatory colonial expansion, the construction of a “center–periphery” structure, a global system of capital accumulation, and ecologically imperialist domination, have continuously widened the modernization development gap between Northern and Southern countries, thereby severely constraining the historical process of Global South modernization.

从世界现代化的历史向度看，西方国家具有率先实现现代化的先发优势。尽管先发进入现代化的国家所展示的是后发国家未来的景象，但是西方现代化却制造了后发国家进入现代化的结构性困境，即全球南方现代化困境。西方现代化国家通过掠夺性殖民扩张方式、构筑“中心—外围”结构、资本全球化积累体系和生态帝国主义统治，不断扩大南北国家的现代化发展差距，进而严重制约了全球南方现代化的历史进程。

1. Global South Modernization Shackled by the Predatory Colonial Expansion of Western Modernization

1.全球南方现代化桎梏于西方现代化的掠夺性殖民扩张方式

Within the framework of Western-dominated historical narratives, Western modernization appears to be the result of positive factors such as intellectual emancipation, commercial prosperity, scientific and technological progress, and the Industrial Revolution. These narrative frameworks, which focus on the “civilized face” of Western modernization, overlook the bloody and fiery logic of colonial domination and external expansion that lies behind it. In reality, Western modernization was built on the foundation of predatory colonial expansion against Global South countries, which greatly obstructed the modernization process of those countries.

在西方主导的历史叙事框架中，西方现代化似乎是思想解放、商业繁荣、科技进步和工业革命等积极因素促成的结果。这些聚焦于西方现代化“文明面”的叙事框架，忽略了其背后血与火的殖民统治和对外扩张的掠夺性逻辑。实际上，西方现代化建立在对全球南方国家掠夺性殖民扩张的基础之上，极大地阻碍了全球南方国家的现代化进程。

First, Western modernizing countries achieved modernization through predatory colonial expansion, thereby destroying the endowments and conditions that Global South countries needed to advance modernization. In the early stages of modernization, Global South countries, through the resource plunder and aggressive expansion of Western countries, were gradually reduced to colonies or semi-colonies, then drawn into the tide of modernization, occupying a subordinate position in the world system. “Relying on gunboats and cannon, through a series of unequal treaties and brutal colonial rule, the Western powers violently shattered the original socioeconomic structures of Southern countries and gave rise to modern industries.” In this process, the war aggression and violent plunder of Western countries not only looted large quantities of scarce natural resources and precious metals such as gold and silver from Southern countries, but also enslaved the indigenous peoples of Global South countries, exploiting their labor through cruel and barbaric methods. In this historical process of blood and fire, one side marked the dawn of Western modernization, while the other side revealed the desolation of Global South countries. In the course of the predatory colonial expansion of Western countries, Global South countries suffered countless deaths and injuries and the depletion of vast resources, severely damaging their original endowments and conditions, and greatly constraining their own modernization development process.

第一，西方现代化国家以掠夺性殖民扩张的方式实现现代化，破坏了全球南方国家推进现代化的禀赋条件。在现代化的早期阶段，全球南方国家在西方国家的资源掠夺和侵略扩张中，逐渐沦为殖民地或半殖民地，进而被卷入现代化的浪潮，在世界体系中从属于西方。“西方列强凭借坚船利炮，通过一系列不平等条约和残酷的殖民统治等手段，暴力打破了南方国家原有的社会经济结构，催生了现代产业。”在此过程中，西方国家的战争侵略和暴力掠夺，不仅掠夺了南方国家大量稀缺的自然资源以及金银等贵金属财富，而且还使全球南方国家的原住民沦为奴隶，采用残酷野蛮的方式剥削他们的劳动力。在这场血与火的历史进程中，一边标志着西方现代化的曙光，另一边显现着全球南方国家的凋敝。全球南方国家在西方国家的掠夺性殖民扩张过程中，死伤无数居民和消耗大量资源，使得当地的原始禀赋条件遭受严重破坏，极大地制约了本国现代化的发展进程。

Second, the national liberation movements that arose in Global South countries did not completely shake off Western colonial plunder; instead, they fell deeply under the domination of the Western countries’ neocolonialist system. In the world system, Global South countries appeared from the very beginning in the role of colonies or semi-colonies, which constituted the original situation of Global South modernization. When the national liberation movements of Global South countries surged and brought about the end of the Western colonial system, these countries discovered that they could not achieve modernization by relying on predatory colonial expansion the way Western modernizing countries had; on the contrary, their own development resources had already been drained by the Western countries. “Western modernization understands modernization as obtaining resources to support domestic development through colonial expansion and external plunder; this violent means is one that the Global South is unwilling and unable to replicate.” Although the old colonial system collapsed, Western modernizing countries did not abandon their plunder of Global South countries; instead, they constructed a hidden neocolonialist system. “Neocolonialism does not involve direct military conquest and colonial rule, but rather recognizes political independence while adopting various means, especially covert methods, to achieve indirect domination, with the aim of controlling, interfering in, and plundering backward countries and regions.” Under the neocolonialist system of Western countries, Global South countries are more prone to the economic transformation crises of “shock therapy,” crises of political sovereignty independence, and crises of social inequality between rich and poor. This has not only further widened the North–South gap but has also severely obstructed the historical process of Southern countries advancing modernization.

第二，全球南方国家兴起的民族解放运动，并没有彻底摆脱西方殖民掠夺，反而深受西方国家新殖民主义体系的支配。在世界体系中，全球南方国家从一开始就以殖民地或半殖民地的角色出现，这构成了全球南方现代化的原初境况。当全球南方国家的民族解放运动蓬勃兴起，促使西方国家的殖民体系终结时，它们却发现其无法像西方现代化国家这般，依靠掠夺性殖民扩张的方式实现现代化，反而自身发展资源已被西方国家榨干。“西方现代化将现代化理解为通过殖民扩张的手段，在对外掠夺中获取支撑本国发展的资源，这种暴力手段是全球南方不愿也无法复刻的。”尽管旧殖民体系土崩瓦解，但是西方现代化国家并未放弃对全球南方国家的掠夺，而是构筑了隐蔽的新殖民主义体系。“新殖民主义不是进行直接的武力征服和殖民统治，而是承认政治独立，采取各种方式尤其是隐蔽的方式进行间接支配，以达到控制、干涉与掠夺落后国家和地区的目的。”在西方国家的新殖民主义体系下，全球南方国家更容易产生“休克疗法”的经济转型危机、政治主权独立性危机和社会贫富差距危机等。这不仅进一步扩大了南北差距，而且严重阻碍了南方国家推进现代化的历史进程。

2. Global South Modernization Constrained by the “Center–Periphery” Structure of Western Modernization

2.全球南方现代化受制于西方现代化的“中心—外围”结构

From the perspective of world-systems theory, the reason Global South countries have fallen into a modernization development predicament is that Western countries, by using predatory colonial expansion to obtain primitive accumulation and seizing the opportunity of the Industrial Revolution to gain the first-mover advantage in achieving modernization, constructed a world order with a “center–periphery” structure. As Samir Amin pointed out: “The periphery as we know it today was created through colonial conquest. This conquest brought different social formations into contact again, but in new forms: the social formation of center capitalism and the social formation of peripheral capitalism in the making.” In this hierarchical structural order, the unequal exchange between the “center” Western modernizing countries and the “periphery” Global South countries created the latter’s predicament of dependent development. However, Global South countries’ pursuit of modernization through dependent development makes it difficult for them to achieve genuine modernization.

从世界体系理论的视角来看，全球南方国家之所以陷入现代化发展困境，是因为西方国家利用掠夺性殖民扩张的方式获得了原始积累，同时抓住工业革命的契机获得实现现代化的先发优势，进而构建了“中心—外围”结构的世界秩序。正如萨米尔·阿明指出的：“我们今天所知道的外围地区是通过殖民征服而产生的。这种征服使不同的社会形态再次相互接触，但那是新形式的社会形态：中心资本主义社会形态和建立中的外围资本主义社会形态。”在这种等级制的结构性秩序中，“中心”的西方现代化国家与“外围”的全球南方国家的不平等交换，制造了后者的依附性发展困境。然而，全球南方国家通过依附性发展来推进现代化，导致其难以实现真正的现代化。

On the one hand, the unequal exchange between the “center” Western modernizing countries and the “periphery” Global South countries created the latter’s predicament of dependent development. Since the Industrial Revolution, Western capitalist countries, in the process of advancing modernization, forcibly imposed a new international division of labor, positioning themselves as the industrial center while turning Global South countries into agricultural production areas. “England was the great industrial center of the agricultural world, the industrial sun around which an increasing number of satellites producing grain and cotton revolved.” When Western modernizing countries experienced overcapacity, they exported their surplus capacity, vacating positions in low-value-added industrial and downstream segments of the production chain for Global South countries, locking these countries into their “periphery” positions. Because the number of “center” countries is small, they occupy a dominant position in the exchange of products, while the number of “periphery” countries is large, occupying a low-end position in product exchange. As a result, the labor performed by these Global South countries is more easily substitutable, so they can only obtain relatively cheap economic returns through an involutionary “race to the bottom,” drastically cutting the prices of raw materials and labor factors. Through unequal exchange between industries and between products, Global South countries are locked into the low-end “periphery” position, relying only on the external force of the “center,” thereby creating the predicament of dependent development for Southern countries.

一方面，“中心”的西方现代化国家与“外围”的全球南方国家的不平等交换，制造了后者的依附性发展困境。工业革命以来，西方资本主义国家在推进现代化过程中，强制推行新的国际分工，将自身作为工业中心，而将全球南方国家转变为农业生产地区。“英国是农业世界的伟大的工业中心，是工业太阳，日益增多的生产谷物和棉花的卫星都围绕着它运转。”当西方现代化国家产能过剩时，则会对外输出过剩产能，将工业附加值低和产业链下游的位置腾出给全球南方国家，并锁定这些国家在“外围”的位置。由于“中心”国家数量较少，在产品交换过程中处于主导地位，而“外围”国家数量较多，在产品交换过程中处于低端位置，以至于这些全球南方国家所从事的劳动更容易被替代，所以只能不断通过内卷式的“逐底竞争”，大幅削减原材料和劳动要素的价格，才能获得较为廉价的经济收益。通过产业间和产品间的不平等交换，全球南方国家被锁定在“外围”的低端位置，只能依靠“中心”的外部力量发展，从而制造了南方国家依附性发展困境。

On the other hand, the dependent development of "peripheral" Global South countries on the "core" Western modernized nations has severely constrained their modernization transition. Because the Western "core" countries achieved modernization first, they monopolized the discourse power over modernization, fabricating the myth that "modernization equals Westernization," and then promoted the Western model of modernization worldwide. However, the "peripheral" Global South countries, in order to replicate the Western modernization model, were forced to accept international aid from the "core" countries. In reality, this international aid came with strings attached. These conditions created a severe dependency of Global South countries on Western modernized nations, whether in the economic dimension of industrial and technological dependence or the political dimension of the gradual loss of national sovereignty, all of which made the modernization process of the Global South unstable and turbulent. In short, the Western developed countries' export of modernization paths and provision of various forms of aid are essentially aimed at maintaining their own leading position by constructing relations of dependency. Therefore, the Global South's pursuit of modernization through dependent development is entirely constrained by the hierarchical world order and political-economic hegemony of the Western developed countries, making it difficult for them to achieve genuine modernization.

另一方面，“外围”的全球南方国家对“中心”的西方现代化国家的依附性发展，严重遏制了其现代化转型的发展进程。由于西方“中心”国家率先实现现代化，垄断了推进现代化的话语权力，炮制了“现代化=西方化”的迷思，进而在世界范围内推广西方现代化模式。然而，身处“外围”的全球南方国家为了复刻西方现代化模式，只能被迫接受“中心”国家的国际援助。事实上，这些国际援助都是有附加条件的。而这些附加条件造成全球南方国家对西方现代化国家的严重依赖，无论是经济层面产业和技术的依附，还是政治层面国家主权的逐步丧失，都让全球南方国家的现代化进程动荡不安。总之，西方发达国家输出现代化道路、提供各种援助，本质上就是要通过构建依附关系维持自身的领先地位。所以，全球南方国家通过依附性发展推进现代化，完全受制于西方发达国家的等级制世界秩序和政治经济霸权，导致其难以实现真正的现代化。

3. Global South modernization is hampered by the global accumulation system of Western capital-driven modernization

3.全球南方现代化掣肘于西方现代化的资本全球化积累体系

From the perspective of historical materialism, the process of modernization is an inevitable result of the development of productive forces reaching a specific stage. The historical origins of Western modernization are inseparable from the rapid growth of productive forces. "The Western model of modernization is in the same historical process as the historical movement of the bourgeoisie." As history transformed from national to world history, Western modernized nations created a global accumulation system of capital, the purpose of which was to expand into world markets and transfer the endogenous crises bred by the endless accumulation of capital to Global South countries. Therefore, Western modernization, dominated by the logic of capital, is destined to be the modernization of only a few countries and a few people, and Global South modernization is hampered by this global accumulation system of Western capital.

从唯物史观的视角看，现代化的发展进程是生产力发展到特定阶段的必然结果。西方现代化的历史起源离不开生产力的急剧增长。“西方现代化模式与资产阶级的历史运动处在同一个历史进程中”。随着历史向世界历史转变，西方现代化国家创制了资本全球化积累体系，其目的是通过开拓世界市场，将资本无止境积累所孕育的内生性危机，转移到全球南方国家。因此，以资本逻辑为主导的西方现代化注定是少数国家和少数人的现代化，全球南方现代化掣肘于西方现代化的资本全球化积累体系。

First, to alleviate the crises brought by the endless accumulation of capital, Western modernized nations expand into world markets and transfer their endogenous crises to Global South countries. The original context of the birth of Western modernization was accompanied by the decline of feudal society and the rise of the capitalist mode of production. The internal dynamic of capital accumulation determined that Western nations needed to expand into world markets. "Capital accumulation has always been a profoundly geographical event. Without the multiple possibilities inherent in geographical expansion, spatial reorganization, and uneven geographical development, capitalism would long ago have ceased to function as a political-economic system." The capitalist mode of production's promotion of large-scale industry created more productive forces than all past generations combined. The rapid expansion of commodity production conflicted with the state of self-sufficient isolation. The original narrow regional markets and sources of raw materials could no longer satisfy the needs of the infinite accumulation of capital. Therefore, the expansion of capital inevitably broke through narrow geographical limits, opening up a universally interconnected world market and drawing Global South countries into the vortex of Western capitalist modernization. However, the ultimate result of global capital accumulation is the transfer of the endogenous crises triggered by capitalism's internal contradictions to Global South countries, thereby ensuring the sustainability of capital accumulation in Western modernized nations.

其一，西方现代化国家为了缓解资本无止境积累所带来的危机，通过开拓世界市场将其内生性危机转移到全球南方国家。西方现代化诞生的原初语境伴随着封建社会的没落和资本主义生产方式的兴起，资本积累的内在动力决定了西方国家需要开拓世界市场。“资本积累向来就是一个深刻的地理事件。如果没有内在于地理扩张、空间重组和不平衡地理发展的多种可能性，资本主义很早以前就不能发挥其政治经济系统的功能了。”资本主义生产方式对大工业的推动，创造了比过去一切世代还要多的生产力。商品规模的急剧扩张与自给自足的孤立状态产生矛盾，原有狭隘的区域性市场和原材料产地，已经无法满足资本无限积累的需要。所以，资本增殖势必突破狭隘的地域限制，开辟普遍联系的世界市场，将全球南方国家卷入西方资本主义现代化的旋涡。然而，资本全球化积累产生的最终结果，表现为资本主义内在矛盾所引发的内生性危机转移到全球南方国家，由此保证西方现代化国家资本积累的可持续性。

Second, Western modernization, dominated by the logic of capital, is destined to be the modernization of only a few countries and a few people and cannot drive Global South countries to achieve modernization. The dominance of the logic of capital determines that the exploitation of surplus value and the self-expansion of capital are the fundamental goals of Western modernization. As "national history" transformed into "world history," the sharp antagonism between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie within Western modernized nations manifested globally as a contradiction between Western capitalist modernized nations and Global South countries. Western modernized nations remade the world in the image of capitalism, creating a world that serves the interests of capital. Therefore, Western capitalist modernization cannot spontaneously produce a "trickle-down effect" to drive the modernization of Global South countries; instead, Global South countries suffer from the suppression of the global capital accumulation system. "These broad political-cultural currents in the capitalist world-economy are essentially manifestations of the structural constraints imposed by the characteristics of the global capital accumulation process." Whether Global South countries join the capital-logic-dominated global economic system actively or passively, they can only develop within the boundaries set by Western modernized nations. This ultimately leads to the low-end lock-in of their economic structures, societies falling into the "middle-income trap," political sovereignty facing systemic exclusion, and cultural identity crises, making it difficult to escape the "modernization curse" where development only widens the North-South gap.

其二，以资本逻辑为主导的西方现代化注定是少数国家和少数人的现代化，不可能推动全球南方国家实现现代化。以资本逻辑为主导决定了剩余价值盘剥和资本自行增殖是西方现代化的根本目的。随着“民族历史”向“世界历史”转变，西方现代化国家内部无产阶级与资产阶级的尖锐对立，在全球层面表现为西方资本主义现代化国家与全球南方国家的矛盾对立。西方现代化国家按照资本主义的面貌，创造出符合资本利益的世界。所以，西方资本主义现代化是不可能自发产生“涓滴效应”、推动全球南方国家实现现代化的，全球南方国家反而会饱受资本全球化积累体系的压制。“资本主义世界经济中这些广泛的政治—文化潮流，基本上是全球资本积累过程的特征所强加的结构性压制的表现。”全球南方国家无论是主动还是被动加入资本逻辑主导的全球经济体系，都只能在被迫接受西方现代化国家框定的边界中发展，最终容易导致自身经济结构低端锁定、社会陷入“中等收入陷阱”、政治主权受到制度性排斥和文化遭受认同危机等，难逃越发展南北差距越大的“现代化魔咒”。

4. Global South modernization is constrained by the ecological imperialist domination of Western modernization

4.全球南方现代化束缚于西方现代化的生态帝国主义统治

Ecological imperialism is a system of domination in the ecological sphere rooted in the capitalist modernization process of Western countries, its fundamental purpose being to plunder the natural environmental resources of Global South countries. The essence of ecological imperialism is the problem of ecological colonialism: Western countries transfer ecological and economic crises to developing countries to ensure that profits flow continuously to Western modernized nations. Under the domination of ecological imperialism, Global South countries suffer from imperial-style ecological expansion and the transfer of environmental pollution by Western modernized nations, which greatly constrains the process of Global South modernization.

生态帝国主义是帝国主义在生态领域的统治体系，它根植于西方国家的资本主义现代化进程，其根本目的在于攫取全球南方国家的自然环境资源。生态帝国主义的实质是生态殖民问题，西方国家向发展中国家转嫁生态危机和经济危机，以确保利润源源不断地流向西方现代化国家。在生态帝国主义的统治下，全球南方国家遭受西方现代化国家的帝国式生态扩张和环境污染转移，极大制约了全球南方现代化进程。

First, Western modernized nations, through imperial-style ecological expansion, excessively exploit the natural environmental resources of Global South countries. In the course of their modernization, Western capitalist nations inevitably face the contradiction between the limited resources of their own countries and the infinite expansion of capital. To alleviate this structural contradiction, Western modernized nations resort to imperial-style ecological expansion, plundering the natural environmental resources of Global South countries on a large scale. Some scholars point out: "In the capitalist world-system, the resources of the Global South flow into the Global North in the form of consumer goods through a process of 'ecologically unequal exchange,' while profits are devoured by multinational corporations and their shareholders." In the early stages of Western modernization, Western nations, through colonial rule, wantonly plundered the mineral resources and raw materials of Global South countries and violently transformed their local agriculture and plantations, converting diverse ecosystems into sources of raw materials for single cash crops, causing soil fertility depletion and environmental degradation in Global South countries. In the mature stages of Western modernization, based on a hierarchical international division of labor, Global South countries were shaped into economies primarily exporting natural resources, while Western countries were economies primarily exporting manufactured goods. This ecologically unequal exchange has progressively worsened the natural ecology of Global South countries without providing them with genuine compensation at the monetary level.

其一，西方现代化国家通过帝国式生态扩张，过度榨取全球南方国家的自然环境资源。西方资本主义国家在其现代化发展过程中，必然面临本国资源有限性与资本增殖无限性的矛盾。为了缓解这种结构性矛盾，西方现代化国家以帝国式生态扩张的方式，大肆攫取全球南方国家的自然环境资源。有学者指出：“在资本主义世界体系中，全球南方的资源在‘生态不平等交换’的过程中以消费品的形式流入全球北方，而利润则被跨国公司及其股东蚕食。”在西方现代化的早期阶段，西方国家以殖民统治的方式肆意掠夺全球南方国家的矿产资源和原材料，以及暴力改造当地的种植业和农业，将多样化的生态系统改造为种植单一经济作物的原料产地，造成全球南方国家土壤肥力枯竭和环境退化。在西方现代化的成熟阶段，基于等级制的国际分工体系，全球南方国家被塑造为以自然资源出口为主的经济体，而西方国家则是以工业制成品出口为主的经济体，二者的生态不平等交换使全球南方国家的自然生态日趋恶化，却无法从货币层面得到真正补偿。

Second, Western modernized nations, by shifting the burden of their ecological and economic crises, destroy the natural conditions needed for Global South countries to achieve modernization. Because the capitalist mode of production has a significant negative ecological externality, the continuous development of Western modernization, driven by the logic of capital, inevitably leads to the worsening ecological environment within Western countries. However, to safeguard their own ecological priority and the need for capital accumulation, Western modernized nations resort to a method of internal pollution externalized, spatially relocating high-energy-consumption and high-pollution industries to Global South countries. “The ecological improvement of the Northern countries is based on the global transfer of the waste and pollutants they produce and on the plunder of resources and energy on a global scale; that is to say, talking about ecological improvement within a single country is itself a smokescreen, because the ‘Empire’ is in essence always a ‘system’; in fact, without the ‘Global South’ there would be no ‘Global North’.”[7]7 The author cites a source here; the original Chinese text attributes the quotation to an unspecified work. Through the spatial reconfiguration of ecological and economic crises, Western modernized nations not only avoid the high costs of ecological remediation but also extract substantial capital profits. While Global South countries, by taking on pollution-intensive industries, achieve a certain degree of development, the severe damage to their local ecosystems and the harm to their residents’ health greatly impede their own historical process of modernization.

其二，西方现代化国家通过生态经济危机转嫁，破坏全球南方国家实现现代化的自然条件。由于资本主义生产方式具有显著的生态负外部性，那么以资本逻辑主导的西方现代化的不断发展，必然导致西方国家内部的生态环境日趋恶化。然而，西方现代化国家为了保证自身的生态优先和资本增殖需要，就会通过内部污染外部转化的手段，将高耗能和高污染的产业空间性迁移至全球南方国家。“北方国家的生态改良是建立在本国所产生的废物和污染物的全球转移以及全球范围内的资源能源掠夺的基础上的，也就是说，在一国内部谈论生态改良问题本身就是一个障眼法，因为‘帝国’在本质上总是一个‘体系’，事实上，没有‘全球的南方’就不会有‘全球的北方’”。通过生态危机和经济危机的空间性重新配置，西方现代化国家不仅避免了高昂的生态环境成本，而且攫取了丰厚的资本利润。而全球南方国家承接了污染密集型产业，尽管实现了一定程度的发展，但由于严重破坏了当地的生态环境和损害了本国居民的健康，极大阻滞了本国现代化的历史进程。

II. Chinese-Path Modernization’s Deep Resolution of the Global South’s Modernization Predicament

二、中国式现代化对全球南方现代化困境的深层破解

As an important member of the Global South, China, like other Global South countries, faces the modernization predicament created by Western modernization. Whether it is the predicament of external plunder created by Western modernization through predatory colonial expansion, the predicament of dependent development created by the “center–periphery” structure, the predicament of capital supremacy created by the global system of capital accumulation, or the predicament of the ecological divide created by the rule of ecological imperialism, all of these greatly hinder Global South countries from achieving modernization. However, Chinese-path modernization has deeply resolved the modernization predicament facing Global South countries: that is, modernization through peaceful development, modernization through independent and self-reliant development, modernization with the people as the highest priority, and modernization featuring the harmonious coexistence of humanity and nature have resolved the modernization predicaments of external plunder, dependent development, capital supremacy, and the ecological divide.

作为全球南方国家的重要成员，中国与其他全球南方国家一样，都面临着西方现代化所制造的现代化困境。无论是西方现代化以掠夺性殖民扩张制造的对外掠夺困境、以“中心—外围”结构制造的依附发展困境、以资本全球积累体系制造的资本至上困境，还是以生态帝国主义统治制造的生态鸿沟困境，都极大地阻碍了全球南方国家走向现代化。然而，中国式现代化深层破解了全球南方国家面临的现代化困境，即以和平发展的现代化、独立自主的现代化、人民至上的现代化、人与自然和谐共生的现代化，破解了对外掠夺、依附发展、资本至上和生态鸿沟的现代化困境。

1. Chinese-Path Modernization, as Modernization through Peaceful Development, Abandons the Modernization Predicament of External Plunder

1.中国式现代化以和平发展的现代化摒弃了对外掠夺的现代化困境

Within the framework of Western capitalist modernization, the violent primitive accumulation of colonial plunder, the military aggression of war expansion, the exploitative enslavement of economic extraction, and the external interference of political coercion together constitute the path of external plunder taken by Western modernization. Although Western countries achieved modernization through the violent means of predatory colonial expansion, this is not only not the sole path of world modernization, but it has also plunged Global South countries into the modernization predicament caused by Western external plunder. However, Chinese-path modernization has been achieved neither through cruel internal oppression and exploitation nor through external predatory colonial expansion, but rather through peaceful development, thereby abandoning the modernization predicament of external plunder created by Western countries. Modernization through peaceful development not only indicates that modernization should be pursued by peaceful means, but also proclaims that peace should be sought through a development model of win-win cooperation.

在西方资本主义的现代化框架中，暴力殖民的原始积累、军事侵略的战争扩张、经济榨取的剥削奴役、政治强权的对外干涉，共同构筑了西方现代化的对外掠夺之路。尽管西方国家通过掠夺性殖民扩张的暴力手段实现了现代化，但这不仅不是世界现代化唯一的道路，反而还让全球南方国家陷入了西方对外掠夺导致的现代化困境。然而，中国式现代化既不是依靠对内残酷压迫剥削，也不是通过对外掠夺性殖民扩张，而是以和平发展的方式实现了现代化，摒弃了西方国家所制造的对外掠夺的现代化困境。和平发展的现代化不仅表明要以和平的方式谋求现代化发展，也昭示着要以合作共赢的发展方式谋求和平。

On the one hand, Chinese-path modernization pursues modernization development by peaceful means. That Chinese-path modernization takes the road of modernization through peaceful development is determined by the peaceful bloodline of “harmony among all nations,” “harmonious coexistence,” and “a world under heaven governed by all” that flows from China’s excellent traditional culture. The Chinese people have no history of external colonization or aggressive expansion, and “the blood of the Chinese nation contains no gene of invading others or seeking hegemony.”[8]8 The author cites a source here; the original Chinese text attributes the quotation to an unspecified work. If, as the Western “clash of civilizations” thesis suggests, the rise of a modern civilization inevitably leads to conflict and confrontation between civilizations, then the modernization of any late-developing country would lack legitimacy. However, the new form of human civilization created by Chinese-path modernization transcends the explanatory framework of the “clash of civilizations” thesis and the developmental paradigm of “a strong country is bound to seek hegemony.” It shapes a favorable development environment through peaceful means, enabling it not only to pursue its own modernization development while strengthening the forces of world peace, but also to create a peaceful international environment for Global South countries to develop their own modernization. In short, China pursues modernization development while firmly safeguarding world peace, demonstrating the distinctive peaceful character of Chinese-path modernization.

一方面，中国式现代化以和平的方式谋求现代化发展。中国式现代化之所以走和平发展的现代化道路，是由中华优秀传统文化流淌的“协和万邦”“和合共生”“天下大同”的和平血脉决定的。中国人民不仅没有对外殖民、侵略扩张的历史，而且“中华民族的血液中没有侵略他人、称王称霸的基因”。如果像西方“文明冲突论”所展示的那样，一个现代文明崛起将会导致文明之间的冲突对立，那么任何一个后发国家实现现代化都不具备合法性。然而，中国式现代化创造的人类文明新形态，超越了“文明冲突论”的解释框架和“国强必霸”的发展范式，它以和平的方式塑造了良好的发展环境，不仅能够在壮大世界和平力量中谋求自身现代化发展，也能为全球南方国家发展现代化营造和平的国际环境。总之，中国在坚定维护世界和平中谋求现代化发展，彰显了中国式现代化鲜明的和平特征。

On the other hand, Chinese-path modernization seeks peace through a development model of win-win cooperation. The “logic of peace” embodied by Chinese-path modernization is not merely the “negative peace” of ceasing to initiate or participate in foreign wars, but also the “positive peace” of actively dismantling structural inequalities in the international order. If it were merely “negative peace,” interactions between different countries would be unstable, easily leading to tension and rupture in international relations through zero-sum game interactions, or even a return to a state of war. However, Chinese-path modernization, as a developmental paradigm of “positive peace,” closely integrates China’s own development with the development of other countries, constructing a mutually beneficial and reciprocal model of cooperation with Global South countries based on sovereign equality and win-win cooperation. Only by pursuing modernization development within a symbiotic relationship of win-win cooperation can a jointly prosperous and long-term stable peaceful environment be fostered. Whether in the theoretical proposal of the paradigm of interaction for a community with a shared future for mankind, or in the practical launch of the Belt and Road Initiative, it profoundly demonstrates that China deeply integrates its own modernization development into the development of world modernization, overcomes the modernization predicament of external plunder, and proves that Global South countries can take the path of peaceful development in their modernization.

另一方面，中国式现代化以合作共赢的发展方式谋求和平。中国式现代化所呈现的“和平逻辑”，不仅仅是停止发动和参与对外战争的“消极和平”，而且是主动破除国际秩序结构性不平等的“积极和平”。如果是“消极和平”，那么不同国家之间的互动是不稳定的，容易在零和博弈的互动中导致国际关系的紧张和破裂，甚至回到战争状态。而中国式现代化作为一种“积极和平”的发展范式，将中国自身的发展与他国的发展紧密结合在一起，通过主权平等和合作共赢的方式，与全球南方国家构建一种互利互惠的合作模式。只有在合作共赢的共生关系中发展现代化，才能有利于营造出共同繁荣和长期稳定的和平环境。无论是从理论层面提出人类命运共同体的交往范式，还是从实践层面推出“一带一路”倡议，都深刻表明中国将自身现代化发展深度融入世界现代化发展，克服了对外掠夺的现代化困境，证明了全球南方国家现代化可以走和平发展道路。

2. Chinese-Path Modernization, as Modernization through Independent and Self-Reliant Development, Breaks the Modernization Predicament of Dependent Development

2.中国式现代化以独立自主的现代化打破了依附发展的现代化困境

Within the “center–periphery” structure of Western modernization, the real situation facing Global South countries is that they must either sacrifice their sovereignty to be forcibly integrated into this hierarchical structural order, or suffer unilateral sanctions and structural blockades from Western countries, thereby forming the modernization predicament of dependent development. However, as an important member of the Global South, China, on the basis of self-reliance and openness to the outside world, has independently and self-reliantly explored a modernization path suited to its national conditions, achieving a combination of “latecomer country modernization” and “endogenous modernization,” thereby breaking the modernization predicament of dependent development.

在西方现代化的“中心—外围”结构中，全球南方国家面临的现实境遇是，要么牺牲主权被迫融入这种等级制结构性秩序，要么遭受西方国家的单边制裁和结构性封锁，由此形成了依附发展的现代化困境。然而，作为全球南方的重要成员，中国在自立自强与对外开放的基础上，独立自主地探索出符合本国国情的现代化道路，实现了“后发国家现代化”与“内生性现代化”的结合，打破了依附发展的现代化困境。

First, on the basis of self-reliance and openness to the outside world, China has independently and self-reliantly explored a modernization path suited to its national conditions. A country’s modernization development relies primarily not on external forces, but on the impetus of internal forces. “In human history, no nation or country has ever achieved strength and rejuvenation by relying on external forces or by following others step by step. The result of doing so is either certain failure or inevitable subjugation to others.”[9]9 The author cites a source here; the original Chinese text attributes the quotation to an unspecified work. External factors are merely conditions for a country to advance modernization, while internal factors are the decisive, leading force. Therefore, in the process of advancing modernization, China neither sacrifices its sovereignty nor yields to external forces; it always places modernization development on the foundation of its own strength, firmly grasping its own destiny through self-reliance, and creating an independent and self-reliant modernization path. More importantly, China’s independent and self-reliant pursuit of modernization neither involves building a “small yard, high fence” nor starting from scratch to “decouple” from the world, but rather handles the relationship between self-reliance and openness to the outside world, “organically integrating autonomous development with opening up to the outside world.”[10]10 The author cites a source here; the original Chinese text attributes the quotation to an unspecified work. Since reform and opening up, on the basis of self-reliance, China has actively embraced economic globalization and integrated into the world economic system. It has not only formed a new system of a high-level open economy but also built a new development pattern, efficiently utilizing both domestic and international resources. Thus, on the basis of self-reliance and openness to the outside world, China has realized a positive interaction between Chinese-path modernization and world modernization, independently and self-reliantly exploring a modernization path suited to its national conditions.

其一，中国在自立自强与对外开放的基础上，独立自主地探索出符合本国国情的现代化道路。一个国家的现代化发展，主要地不是依靠外部力量，而是源于内部力量的推动。“人类历史上，没有一个民族、没有一个国家可以通过依赖外部力量、跟在他人后面亦步亦趋实现强大和振兴。那样做的结果，不是必然遭遇失败，就是必然成为他人的附庸”。外部因素只是一个国家推进现代化的条件，而内部因素才是决定性作用的主导力量。所以，中国在推进现代化的过程中，既不牺牲主权也不向外部势力屈服，始终把现代化发展放在自己力量的基点上，在自立自强中牢牢掌握自己的命运，创造独立自主的现代化路径。更重要的是，中国独立自主地推进现代化，既不是要筑起“小院高墙”，也不是另起炉灶与世界“脱钩”，而是处理好自立自强与对外开放的关系，“将自主性发展与对外开放两者有机地融合在一起”。改革开放以来，中国在自立自强的基础上，主动拥抱经济全球化，积极融入世界经济体系，不仅形成了高水平开放型经济新体制，而且构建新发展格局，高效利用国内国际两种资源。由此，中国在自立自强与对外开放的基础上，实现了中国式现代化和世界现代化的良性互动，独立自主地探索出符合本国国情的现代化道路。

Second, Chinese-path modernization has achieved the integration of “modernization of a latecomer country” and “endogenous modernization,” breaking the modernization predicament of dependent development. In the world modernization process, Western countries, as pioneering modernizers, were the first to create the capitalist modernization model, while simultaneously attributing this modernization model to endogenous characteristics such as rationalism, scientific-technological progress, and institutional superiority. In reality, “this endogeneity is not true endogeneity; the development of capitalism is based on exploitation, oppression, and colonization, and its capital accumulation is achieved through exploitation and plunder, thus it is a kind of ‘pseudo-endogeneity.’” [11]11 The term “pseudo-endogeneity” (伪内生性) is used by the author to critique the Western claim that capitalist modernization arises from internal factors, arguing it actually depends on external exploitation. Moreover, not only do they require predatory colonial expansion to achieve exogenous modernization, but Western modernized countries also need to construct a “center–periphery” structure, continuously draining latecomer countries to sustain themselves. In this international order dominated by Western modernized countries, latecomer countries seem to have no choice but to cede political sovereignty and economic lifelines, following a path of dependent development toward modernization. However, China, as a latecomer country, has explored an independent and self-reliant path of modernization through socialist practice, breaking free from the structural constraints of the “center–periphery” framework, thereby achieving an effective integration of “modernization of a latecomer country” and “endogenous modernization,” and thus breaking through the modernization predicament of the binary opposition between “decoupling” and “dependency.”

其二，中国式现代化实现了“后发国家现代化”与“内生性现代化”的结合，打破了依附性发展的现代化困境。在世界现代化进程中，西方国家作为原发性现代化国家，率先创造了资本主义现代化模式，同时将这种现代化模式归结为理性主义、科技进步和制度优越等内生性特征。实际上，“这种内生性并不是真正的内生性，资本主义的发展存在是建立在剥削、压迫与殖民基础上的，其资本的增殖是通过剥削掠夺实现，因而是一种‘伪内生性’”。不仅如此，除了要以掠夺性殖民扩张来实现外源性现代化，西方现代化国家还需要构筑“中心—外围”结构，通过源源不断地盘剥后发国家来供养自身。在这种西方现代化国家占主导的国际秩序中，后发国家似乎只能让渡政治主权和经济命脉，走依附性发展的现代化道路。然而，中国作为后发国家，在社会主义实践中探索出独立自主的现代化路径，挣脱了“中心—外围”结构性束缚，进而实现了“后发国家现代化”与“内生性现代化”的有效结合，从而突破了“脱钩”和“依附”二元对立的现代化困境。

3. Chinese-path modernization avoids the predicament of capital-first modernization by putting the people first

3.中国式现代化以人民至上的现代化规避了资本至上的现代化困境

The fundamental reason Western modernized countries created a system of global capital accumulation was to plunder the surplus value created by the working people of different countries around the world, thereby achieving the unrestrained global expansion and endless accumulation of capital. This capital-first modernization model not only inverts the relationship between people and things, but also causes social polarization and a global development gap. In stark contrast to Western modernized countries, the fundamental purpose of China’s modernization construction is to continuously meet the people’s needs for a better life. Chinese-path modernization advances modernization construction by regulating and guiding the healthy development of capital, allowing all the people to share in the fruits of modernization development.

西方现代化国家之所以要创制资本全球化积累体系，其根本目的在于盘剥世界范围内不同国家劳动人民创造的剩余价值，由此实现资本的全球无序扩张和无止境增殖。这种资本至上的现代化模式，不仅使人与物的关系形成头足倒置的颠倒，而且造成社会两极分化和世界发展鸿沟。与西方现代化国家截然相反，中国进行现代化建设的根本目的，就是不断满足人民对美好生活的需要。中国式现代化通过规范和引导资本健康发展来推进现代化建设，让全体人民共享现代化发展成果。

On the one hand, Chinese-path modernization is a people-centered modernization. In the modernization process, the relationship between capital and people constitutes the central proposition of modernization. In the Western modernization model, the value principle of capital-first determines that all human production and life are subordinated to the logic of capital; the relationship of capital’s oppression and exploitation of people constitutes the essence of Western modernization development. General Secretary Xi Jinping points out: “The greatest drawback of Western modernization is that it is centered on capital rather than on the people, pursuing maximum returns on capital rather than serving the interests of the vast majority, leading to a large wealth gap and severe polarization.” [12]12 This quotation from Xi Jinping is a standard critique of Western modernization in official Chinese discourse, contrasting it with the people-centered approach. If Global South countries slavishly follow the capital-first modernization model, then when their economic development reaches a certain level and approaches the threshold of developed countries, they will fall into the “middle-income trap,” causing modernization development to stagnate for a long period, or even regress amid severe social turmoil and chaos. China, as an important member of the Global South, bases itself on the actual conditions of its national circumstances and, guided by historical materialism, regards the modernization of people as the core essence of modernization construction. “The essence of modernization is the modernization of people.” Chinese-path modernization consistently takes putting the people first as its value foundation; not only does it rely on the subjective strength of all the people, respecting their creative spirit, to advance modernization, but it also takes continuously meeting the people’s ever-growing needs for a better life as the development goal of modernization, allowing the fruits of modernization development to benefit all the people more broadly and fairly.

一方面，中国式现代化是以人民为中心的现代化。在现代化进程中，资本和人的关系构成了现代化的中心命题。在西方现代化模式中，资本至上的价值原则决定了人的一切生产和生活都从属于资本逻辑，资本对人的压迫和剥削关系构成了西方现代化的发展实质。习近平总书记指出：“西方现代化的最大弊端，就是以资本为中心而不是以人民为中心，追求资本利益最大化而不是服务绝大多数人的利益，导致贫富差距大、两极分化严重。”如果全球南方国家亦步亦趋地遵循资本至上的现代化模式，则会在经济发展到特定程度、接近发达国家的门槛时，掉入“中等收入陷阱”，使得现代化发展陷入长期停滞状态，甚至随着社会严重动荡和混乱而倒退。而中国作为全球南方的重要成员，立足基本国情的现实境况，在唯物史观的指引下，将人的现代化视作现代化建设的核心本质。“现代化的本质是人的现代化”。中国式现代化始终将人民至上作为价值根基，不仅在尊重人民创造精神的基础上，依靠全体人民的主体力量推进现代化，而且将不断满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要作为现代化的发展目标，让现代化发展成果更多更公平地惠及全体人民。

On the other hand, Chinese-path modernization advances modernization by harnessing capital. A people-centered modernization does not mean completely discarding capital; rather, it correctly handles the relationship between capital and the people within the framework of the socialist system, using capital as a means to develop society’s productive forces and making the people’s interests the fundamental purpose of modernization construction. Viewed from the modernization process of modern history, China has experienced a journey from being passively drawn into the historical process dominated by the logic of capital, to actively transforming the nature of capital, and then to utilizing capital in modernization development. The practice of Chinese-path modernization shows that capital does not equal capitalism; the socialist market economy system China has established not only activates the civilizing role of capital and promotes the efficient allocation of economic resources, but also uses the people’s logic to harness the logic of capital, effectively preventing the unrestrained expansion of capital. “Capital is a basic element of the market economy; capitalism can use it, and socialism can also use it. The key lies in what relations of production it embodies, in whose hands it is held, and whose interests it serves.” [13]13 This quotation reflects the official Chinese position that capital is a neutral tool that can be used under socialism, distinguishing China’s system from capitalism. Chinese-path modernization, within the framework of the socialist system, harnesses the direction of capital development, gives play to capital’s role as a link in concentrating and allocating production factors, enhances the technological innovation impetus of micro-level production activities, promotes the efficient allocation of resources in macro-level economic operations, and channels continuously growing social productive forces to serve the people’s needs for a better life. Therefore, the people-first Chinese-path modernization uses the people’s logic to harness the logic of capital, and by regulating and guiding the healthy development of capital, it avoids the predicament of capital-first modernization.

另一方面，中国式现代化以驾驭资本来推进现代化。以人民为中心的现代化并不意味着完全抛弃资本，而是在社会主义制度框架内正确处理资本与人民的关系，将资本作为发展社会生产力的手段，将人民利益作为现代化建设的根本目的。从近代历史的现代化进程看，中国经历了从被动卷入资本逻辑所主导的历史进程，到主动改造资本性质，再到运用资本的现代化发展历程。中国式现代化实践表明，资本并不等于资本主义，中国建立的社会主义市场经济体制，不仅激活了资本的文明作用，促进经济资源的有效配置，而且以人民逻辑驾驭资本逻辑，有效防范资本无序扩张。“资本是市场经济的基本要素，资本主义可以用，社会主义也可以用，关键要看体现什么样的生产关系，掌握在谁的手中，为谁的利益服务。”中国式现代化在社会主义制度框架内驾驭资本发展的方向，发挥资本作为集聚配置生产要素的纽带作用，增强微观生产活动的技术创新动力，促进宏观经济运行的资源有效配置，将持续增长的社会生产力服务于人民对美好生活的需要。因此，人民至上的中国式现代化以人民逻辑驾驭了资本逻辑，在规范和引导资本健康发展中，规避了资本至上的现代化困境。

4. Chinese-path modernization breaks through the modernization predicament of the ecological gap with a modernization of harmony between humanity and nature

4.中国式现代化以人与自然和谐共生的现代化突围了生态鸿沟的现代化困境

Western modernized countries, through the structural domination of ecological imperialism, have plundered natural resources from Global South countries and shifted ecological and economic crises onto them, creating a global “metabolic rift,” [14]14 “Metabolic rift” (新陈代谢断裂) is a concept from ecological Marxism referring to the disruption of the natural material cycle caused by capitalist production, leading to ecological crises. causing the ecological gap between Western modernized countries and Global South countries to widen continuously. However, Chinese-path modernization is a modernization distinctly characterized by harmony between humanity and nature; it has opened up a sustainable development model that adheres to a green development path and upholds the concept of a community of life on Earth, breaking through the modernization predicament of the ecological gap.

西方现代化国家以生态帝国主义的结构性统治，对全球南方国家进行自然资源掠夺与生态危机和经济危机转嫁，造成了全球性的“新陈代谢断裂”，使得西方现代化国家与全球南方国家的生态鸿沟持续扩大。然而，中国式现代化是以人与自然和谐共生为鲜明特征的现代化，开辟了坚持走绿色发展道路和秉持地球生命共同体理念的可持续发展模式，突围了生态鸿沟的现代化困境。

First, Chinese-path modernization is a modernization that adheres to a green development path. Green development is an important component of the new development philosophy and an inevitable requirement for building a modernization of harmony between humanity and nature. Looking at the ecological dimension of world modernization, modernization does not necessarily manifest as a state of harmony between humanity and nature; the mode of modernization development determines the relationship between humanity and nature. Because the capitalist mode of production inherently contains an anti-ecological nature, the capitalist modernization of Western countries inevitably leads to a contradictory opposition in the relationship between humanity and nature. Practice has proven that a development mode that seeks to maximize capital profits while ignoring the carrying capacity of the natural environment is unsustainable. Focusing on the sustainable development of the Chinese nation, China insists on a modernization development path where green becomes the universal form. Chinese-path modernization does not simply pursue the growth of economic indicators; rather, it emphasizes the overall progress of economic development and ecological environmental protection. To advance a modernization of harmony between humanity and nature, it is necessary to realize a green transformation of the economic development mode, resolutely abandoning the extensive development mode characterized by high consumption, high emissions, and high pollution, and integrating the development mode of green, low-carbon, and resource conservation throughout production, circulation, and consumption, forming environmentally friendly production methods and lifestyles. Therefore, green development can manifest the ecological foundation of Chinese-path modernization within a high-level dynamic cycle of economic development and ecological prosperity.

其一，中国式现代化是坚持走绿色发展道路的现代化。绿色发展是新发展理念的重要构成，也是建设人与自然和谐共生的现代化的必然要求。纵观世界现代化的生态维度，现代化并不必然表现为人与自然和谐共生的样态，现代化的发展方式决定了人与自然的关系。由于资本主义生产方式内在蕴含反生态的本性，所以西方国家的资本主义现代化必然导致人与自然关系的矛盾对立。实践证明，谋求资本利润最大化而罔顾自然环境承载限度的发展方式不可持续。着眼于中华民族永续发展，中国坚持走绿色成为普遍形态的现代化发展道路。中国式现代化并不单纯追求经济指标的增长，而是注重经济社会发展与生态环境保护的整体进步。推进人与自然和谐共生的现代化，就必须实现经济发展方式的绿色变革，坚决摒弃高消耗、高排放、高污染的粗放型发展方式，将绿色低碳和资源节约的发展模式贯穿到生产、流通和消费等领域中，形成环境友好型的生产方式和生活方式。因此，绿色发展能够在经济发展和生态繁荣的高水平动态循环中，彰显中国式现代化的生态底色。

Second, Chinese-path modernization is a modernization that upholds the concept of a community of life on Earth. Against the backdrop of changes unseen in a century, all countries of the world live together on one planetary home, bound together as a community of shared destiny, interdependent and sharing weal and woe. Faced with increasingly severe ecological and environmental problems, no country can stand aloof and remain untouched. "The Western modernization model's attitude of plundering, exploiting and despising nature has already come into conflict with the overall pattern of global ecological civilization construction, while a new modernization model of harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature is the only viable path for humanity's future development." The value concept of a community of life embodied in the modernization of harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature is mainly divided into three dimensions. First, from the natural dimension, the ecosystem of mountains, waters, forests, fields, lakes, grasslands and sands is an organically linked community of life. Second, from the human dimension, humanity and nature are a community of life as interdependent as lips and teeth, coexisting in harmony. Third, from the global dimension, the entire Earth is a community of life that shares prosperity and mutual dependence, coexisting and co-thriving. Chinese-path modernization always embodies a global ecological vision and concern for the destiny of humanity, consciously assuming the historical mission of promoting the joint construction of a community of life on Earth, actively advancing international cooperation on climate change and building a green Belt and Road Initiative, and leading the global transformation toward ecological civilization. Therefore, China guides its modernization practice with the concept of a community of life on Earth, building a beautiful planetary home through the modernization of harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature.

其二，中国式现代化是秉持地球生命共同体理念的现代化。在世界大变局的背景下，世界各国共同生活在一个地球家园，是休戚相关、同舟共济的命运共同体，面对日益严峻的生态环境问题，没有任何国家能够独善其身。“西方现代化模式盘剥、榨取、蔑视自然的态度已经与全球生态文明建设的大格局相抵牾，而人与自然和谐共生的现代化新模式才是人类未来发展的必由之路。”人与自然和谐共生的现代化所呈现的生命共同体价值理念，主要分为三个维度。一是从自然维度看，山水林田湖草沙的生态系统是有机联系的生命共同体；二是从人类维度看，人与自然是唇齿相依、和谐共生的生命共同体；三是从世界维度看，整个地球都是共生共荣、相互依存的生命共同体。中国式现代化始终蕴含着全球生态视野和人类命运关怀，自觉肩负推动共建地球生命共同体的历史使命，积极推动气候变化国际合作和构建绿色“一带一路”，引领全球生态文明转型。因此，中国以地球生命共同体的理念指导现代化实践，通过人与自然和谐共生的现代化建设地球美好家园。

III. The Global Significance of Chinese-Path Modernization in Resolving the Global South’s Modernization Dilemma

三、中国式现代化破解全球南方现代化困境的世界意义

Under world-historical conditions, the future and destiny of China and all countries of the world are more closely linked than ever. The successful practice of Chinese-path modernization has not only surpassed Western capitalist modernization but has also solved the modernization predicament of Global South countries. Rooted in Chinese characteristics, Chinese-path modernization has opened up a modernization path of world-historical significance, expanding the range of path choices for Global South countries moving toward modernization, providing them with developmental impetus, and contributing theoretical wisdom.

在世界历史条件下，中国同世界各国的前途命运更加紧密相连。中国式现代化的成功实践不仅超越了西方资本主义现代化，而且破解了全球南方国家的现代化困境。中国式现代化立足于中国特色，开辟了一条具有世界意义的现代化道路，为全球南方国家走向现代化拓展了路径选择、提供了发展动力、贡献了理论智慧。

1. Chinese-Path Modernization Expands the Range of Path Choices for Global South Countries Moving Toward Modernization

1.中国式现代化为全球南方国家走向现代化拓展了路径选择

How to enter modernization is a historical课题 faced by all Global South countries. The successful practice and path innovation of Chinese-path modernization will inevitably provide a reference for the vast number of Global South countries. From the perspective of path characteristics, "an important feature of Chinese-path modernization is the external manifestation of its essential requirements, expressing the dual attributes of 'socialism' and 'Chinese characteristics' in Chinese-path modernization." Chinese-path modernization not only contains path-selection wisdom within its distinctive features, but also, in crossing the capitalist "Caudine Forks"[n15], opens up a socialist modernization path, thereby expanding the range of path choices for Global South countries moving toward modernization.

如何迈入现代化是全球南方国家共同面对的历史课题。中国式现代化的成功实践和路径创新，必然会为广大全球南方国家提供道路借鉴。从道路特征看，“中国式现代化的重要特征是本质要求的外在表征，表达出中国式现代化‘社会主义’和‘中国特色’的双重属性”。中国式现代化不仅在其鲜明特色中蕴藏着道路选择智慧，而且在跨越资本主义“卡夫丁峡谷”中开辟社会主义现代化道路，为全球南方国家走向现代化拓展了路径选择。

The distinctive features shaped by the successful practice of Chinese-path modernization provide Global South countries with a completely new option for exploring modernization paths suited to their national conditions. Achieving modernization is an inevitable choice and common aspiration of Global South countries; the key is to explore a modernization path that conforms to their own national conditions and the laws of social evolution. Given the differences among countries in historical traditions, developmental conditions, cultural foundations and other factors, Chinese-path modernization attaches great importance to and fully affirms these differentiating factors, successfully forging a modernization path with Chinese characteristics. This does not mean, however, that it is to be exported as a coercive development model to Global South countries; rather, the path-selection wisdom it contains can provide Global South countries with a completely new option for exploring modernization paths suited to their national conditions. First, Chinese-path modernization is a modernization of a huge population, matching the developmental aspirations of the collective rise of Global South countries as they face the entry of a super-large population into modernization. Second, Chinese-path modernization is a modernization of common prosperity for the entire people, providing a path reference for Global South countries to cross the middle-income trap. Third, Chinese-path modernization is a modernization that coordinates material civilization and cultural-ethical progress, meeting the real needs of Global South countries for coordinated material and spiritual development. Fourth, Chinese-path modernization is a modernization of harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature, matching the developmental consensus of Global South countries on advancing sustainable modernization. Fifth, Chinese-path modernization is a modernization that takes the path of peaceful development, meeting the common aspirations of Global South countries for win-win cooperation and endogenous development. In short, the successful practice of Chinese-path modernization not only confirms the importance of differentiating factors in actual national conditions for the exploration of modernization paths, but its distinctive features also broaden the space of path choices for Global South countries' modernization.

中国式现代化的成功实践所塑造的鲜明特色，为全球南方国家探索符合本国国情的现代化道路提供了全新的选择。实现现代化是全球南方国家的必然选择和共同期盼，关键是要探索出符合自身国情和社会演变规律的现代化道路。鉴于不同国家历史传统、发展条件和文化底蕴等因素的差异，中国式现代化对这些差异性因素高度重视和充分肯定，成功走出具有中国特色的现代化道路，但这并不意味着要作为强迫性的发展模式输出到全球南方国家，而是其蕴含的道路选择智慧，能够为全球南方国家探索符合本国国情的现代化道路提供全新的选择。第一，中国式现代化是人口规模巨大的现代化，契合全球南方国家群体性崛起所要面对超大规模人口迈入现代化的发展诉求。第二，中国式现代化是全体人民共同富裕的现代化，为全球南方国家跨越中等收入陷阱提供了道路借鉴。第三，中国式现代化是物质文明和精神文明相协调的现代化，符合全球南方国家物质与精神协调发展的现实需要。第四，中国式现代化是人与自然和谐共生的现代化，契合全球南方国家推进可持续性现代化的发展共识。第五，中国式现代化是走和平发展道路的现代化，符合全球南方国家合作共赢和内生发展的共同期盼。总之，中国式现代化的成功实践，不仅确证了现实国情的差异性因素对现代化道路探索的重要性，而且它的鲜明特色为全球南方国家现代化拓宽了路径选择空间。

Chinese-path modernization has crossed the capitalist "Caudine Forks," providing Global South countries with a socialist modernization path. Although the victory of the October Revolution broke the situation of capitalist domination of the world and propelled the anti-colonial struggle and national liberation movements of Global South countries, the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the upheavals in Eastern Europe dealt a major setback to the cause of socialist modernization. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the upheavals in Eastern Europe, China, which crossed the "Caudine Forks," is both the world's largest socialist country and the largest Global South country. In Marx's theoretical reflections in his later years, the question of crossing the "Caudine Forks" was mainly directed at how Russia, which still had rural communes, could bypass the capitalist socio-economic formation and thereby open up a new path of socialist development. In fact, Marx's theoretical conception of crossing the "Caudine Forks" is structurally homologous to the question of how economically and culturally backward Global South countries can explore a modernization path under the conditions of economic globalization. The fact that Chinese-path modernization has crossed the capitalist "Caudine Forks" profoundly demonstrates: first, that China, as an economically and culturally backward Global South country, has been able to completely transcend capitalism and successfully open up a completely new path to modernization; second, that Chinese-path modernization, within the framework of the socialist system, appropriates the positive achievements of capitalist civilization, organically combines socialism with modernization, and creates a modernization model that manifests the advanced essence of scientific socialism, thereby establishing a successful model for Global South countries to take the socialist modernization path.

中国式现代化跨越了资本主义“卡夫丁峡谷”，为全球南方国家提供了社会主义现代化路径。尽管十月革命的胜利打破了资本主义统治世界的局面，推动了全球南方国家反殖民主义斗争和民族解放运动，但苏联解体、东欧剧变使得社会主义现代化事业遭受重大挫折。在苏联解体、东欧剧变之后，跨越“卡夫丁峡谷”的中国既是世界最大的社会主义国家，也是最大的全球南方国家。在马克思晚年的理论思考中，跨越“卡夫丁峡谷”的问题主要是针对存在着农村公社的俄国如何跨过资本主义的社会经济形态，进而开辟一条社会主义发展新道路而展开的。实际上，马克思跨越“卡夫丁峡谷”的理论设想，与经济全球化形势下经济文化落后的全球南方国家如何探索现代化道路具有同构性。中国式现代化跨越资本主义“卡夫丁峡谷”深刻表明：一是中国作为经济文化落后的全球南方国家，能够完整超越资本主义，成功开辟一条实现现代化的崭新路径；二是中国式现代化在社会主义制度框架内，占有资本主义文明的积极成果，将社会主义与现代化有机结合起来，创造一种彰显科学社会主义先进本质的现代化模式，进而为全球南方国家走社会主义现代化道路树立了成功典范。

2. Chinese-Path Modernization Provides Developmental Impetus for Global South Countries Moving Toward Modernization

2.中国式现代化为全球南方国家走向现代化提供了发展动力

For Global South countries, the key to achieving collective modernization and rise lies in development. General Secretary Xi Jinping points out: "The 'Global South' arose for development and thrives through development." While realizing its own modernization development, China, as an important representative of Global South countries, has also promoted the modernization development of South-South cooperation. Chinese-path modernization not only provides global public goods that genuinely serve the developmental needs of Global South countries, but also creates an open and inclusive new form of human civilization, providing developmental impetus for the modernization of Global South countries.

对于全球南方国家来说，实现群体性现代化崛起的关键在于发展。习近平总书记指出：“‘全球南方’为发展而起，因发展而兴。”中国在实现自身现代化发展的同时，也作为全球南方国家的重要代表推动了南南合作的现代化发展。中国式现代化不仅提供了切实服务于全球南方国家发展需要的全球公共产品，而且创造了开放包容的人类文明新形态，为全球南方国家的现代化提供了发展动力。

In the global public goods system supplied by Western hegemony, countries of the Global South have always faced an “aid predicament” and a “dependency problem.” Western modernized states, acting in their own interests, use the guise of aid and the “international moral high ground” as political tools, not only interfering in the internal affairs of recipient countries but also funding only those areas that benefit themselves, which in practice cannot genuinely promote the modernization of recipient countries. Chinese-path modernization, by contrast, possesses an inclusiveness that fosters global development and prosperity. The foreign aid China provides neither interferes in the internal affairs of Global South countries nor attaches any political conditions; instead, on the basis of respecting the autonomous development aspirations of Global South countries, it firmly supports and helps them accelerate their modernization. In this process, China offers technical support, financing credit, and talent assistance to Global South countries, focusing on strengthening their capacity for autonomous development and endogenous development, thereby more deeply stimulating their internal drive to independently move toward modernization. Furthermore, Chinese-path modernization is committed to promoting the high-quality development of the Belt and Road Initiative, providing Global South countries with inclusive global public goods and a mutually beneficial international cooperation platform based on the principles of extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits. In the course of jointly building the Belt and Road, China, on the one hand, promotes the construction and improvement of transport infrastructure, greatly enhancing connectivity among Global South countries, thereby reducing transaction costs and improving resource allocation, thus endowing Global South countries with internal momentum; on the other hand, it promotes the construction and improvement of energy infrastructure, facilitating the diffusion of frontier green technologies to Global South countries, thereby optimizing the energy supply structure and enhancing the supply capacity of energy factors, thus endowing Global South countries with green momentum. In short, the global public goods provided by Chinese-path modernization genuinely serve the development needs of Global South countries and greatly enhance their endogenous drive for modernization.

在西方霸权供给的全球公共产品体系中，全球南方国家始终面临“援助困境”和“依附难题”。西方现代化国家为了自身的利益，假借援助之名和“国际道德高地”作为政治工具，不仅干涉受援国的内政，而且只资助对本国有利的领域，这实际上并不能真正促进受援国的现代化发展。而中国式现代化具有促进全球发展繁荣的普惠性。中国提供的对外援助既不干涉全球南方国家的内政，也不附加任何政治条件，而是在尊重全球南方国家自主发展诉求的基础上，坚定支持和帮助全球南方国家加快现代化发展。在此过程中，中国为全球南方国家提供技术支撑、融资信贷和人才帮扶等援助，着重增强其自主发展和内生发展能力，从而更深层次激发其独立自主迈向现代化的内生动力。此外，中国式现代化致力于推动共建“一带一路”高质量发展，以共商共建共享的原则，为全球南方国家提供普惠性的全球公共产品和互利共赢的国际合作平台。在共建“一带一路”进程中，中国一方面推动交通基础设施的建设和完善，极大提升全球南方国家间的互联互通水平，进而降低交易成本和提升资源配置水平，从而赋予全球南方国家以内在动能；另一方面，推动能源基础设施的建设和完善，促进前沿绿色技术向全球南方国家扩散，进而优化能源供给结构和提升能源要素供给能力，从而赋予全球南方国家绿色动能。总之，中国式现代化提供的全球公共产品，切实服务于全球南方国家的发展需要，极大增强了其发展现代化的内生动力。

From the perspective of dialectical materialism, when modernization reaches a certain stage, it inevitably drives the transformation of the form of human civilization, and the exchange and mutual learning among civilizations will in turn promote the development of modernization. In the context of civilization, Chinese-path modernization deconstructs the zero-sum “clash of civilizations” theory and the Western-centric “superiority of civilizations” theory, creating a new form of human civilization characterized by the coexistence and co-prosperity of diverse civilizations. “Civilization is inclusive; it is through inclusiveness that human civilizations gain the momentum for exchange and mutual learning.” Any civilization that remains closed off for a long period will inevitably lead to economic stagnation, social isolation, and cultural ossification, ultimately severely hindering a country’s modernization process. The new form of human civilization, with its open and inclusive character, has promoted civilizational exchange and mutual learning between China and Global South countries. Different civilizations possess different models of modernization development; when various civilizations engage in dialogue on an equal, open, and inclusive global civilizational order, they can draw wisdom from each other’s civilizational achievements and modernization practices. Whether through competition and comparison to learn from each other’s strengths and compensate for weaknesses, or through mutually beneficial cooperation for common development, this can drive the joint progress of modernization. Therefore, the achievements of human civilization created by Chinese-path modernization contain developmental experiences that reflect the universal laws of world modernization. Within the open and inclusive new form of human civilization, these experiences can, through the exchange and mutual learning of modernized civilizational achievements, activate the civilizational momentum for modernization in the Global South.

从唯物辩证法来看，现代化发展到特定程度必然推动人类文明形态革新，而人类文明的交流互鉴也必将推动现代化的发展。在文明语境中，中国式现代化解构了零和博弈的“文明冲突论”和西方中心主义的“文明优越论”，创造了多元文明共生共荣的人类文明新形态。“文明是包容的，人类文明因包容才有交流互鉴的动力。”任何文明如果长期闭关自守，必然导致经济裹足不前、社会封闭落后和文化僵化腐朽，终将严重阻碍一个国家的现代化进程。具有开放包容特性的人类文明新形态推动了中国与全球南方国家之间的文明交流互鉴。不同文明之间存在着不同的现代化发展模式，各种不同文明在平等、开放、包容的全球文明秩序中交流对话，能够从各自文明成果和现代化实践中汲取智慧，无论是竞争比较中的取长补短，还是互利合作中的共同发展，都能推动现代化发展的携手进步。因此，中国式现代化创造的人类文明成果，其中蕴含着反映世界现代化普遍规律的发展经验，能够在开放包容的人类文明新形态中，以现代化文明成果的交流互鉴激活全球南方现代化的文明动力。

3. Chinese-Path Modernization Contributes Theoretical Wisdom for Global South Countries on the Path to Modernization

3.中国式现代化为全球南方国家走向现代化贡献了理论智慧

The real-world rise of modernization in Global South countries requires the emergence of a corresponding modernization theory to guide their modernization development. “The degree to which a theory is realized in a country always depends on the degree to which the theory meets the needs of that country.” Since Western modernization theory is a Western-centric knowledge system, it not only fails to meet the modernization needs of Global South countries but instead leads them into the predicament of governance failure. Chinese-path modernization, however, has broken the discursive monopoly of Western modernization theory, reconstructed the knowledge system of world modernization, and simultaneously put forward the theoretical creation of the “Four Major Global Initiatives,” contributing theoretical wisdom for Global South countries on the path to modernization.

全球南方国家现代化崛起的现实变化，需要与其相适应的现代化理论出场，指导全球南方国家的现代化发展。“理论在一个国家实现的程度，总是取决于理论满足这个国家的需要的程度。”由于西方现代化理论是一种西方中心主义的知识体系，它不仅无法满足全球南方国家的现代化需要，反而导致全球南方国家陷入治理失灵窘境。而中国式现代化打破了西方现代化理论的话语垄断，重构了世界现代化的知识体系，同时提出“四大全球倡议”的理论创设，为全球南方国家走向现代化贡献了理论智慧。

Chinese-path modernization has broken the discursive monopoly of Western modernization theory, providing theoretical discourse for Global South countries on the path to modernization. Western modernization theory was abstracted from the particularities of the modernization practice of Western countries, yet it was fabricated into a modernization theory with universal applicability. In essence, this is a Western-centric knowledge system that ignores the problem of “incompatibility” when the particular and exogenous Western modernization paradigm is applied to non-Western countries, leading to difficulties in adaptation and exacerbating the structural contradictions in modernization development between the North and the South. Within the Western-centric knowledge system, the discursive narrative monopoly of Western modernization erases the subjectivity of the “Other” as a practitioner of modernization and producer of knowledge, not only depriving Global South countries of the right to autonomously develop their own modernization but also obscuring the theoretical discourse through which Global South countries could write their own history of modernity. Because Western countries have long monopolized the power to interpret modernization, Global South countries can only serve as passive objects in the writing of the history of modernity by Western countries. The voices and demands of Global South countries find it difficult to be fully reflected in modernization theory. However, the modernization of the Global South cannot fall into the discursive trap of Western modernization theory; it requires corresponding theoretical discourse as support. Chinese-path modernization, on the one hand, serves as a “weapon of critique,” breaking the discursive monopoly of Western modernization theory, and on the other hand, as a “critique of weapons,” confirms the plurality of modernization theory through successful modernization practice. China, as a Global South country, has established a theoretical system of Chinese-path modernization by refining its own developmental experience, reconstructing the knowledge system of world modernization, and providing theoretical discursive support for modernization in the Global South.

中国式现代化打破了西方现代化理论的话语垄断，为全球南方国家走向现代化提供了理论话语。西方现代化理论是从西方国家现代化实践的特殊性中抽象出来的，却被炮制为具有世界普遍性的现代化理论。究其实质，这是一种西方中心主义的知识体系，其忽视了具有特殊性和外生性的西方现代化范式应用到非西方国家时，会导致后者发展现代化“水土不服”的适配性问题，并加剧南北国家现代化发展的结构性矛盾。在西方中心主义的知识体系中，西方现代化的话语叙事垄断消解“他者”作为现代化实践者和知识生产者的主体性，不仅剥夺了全球南方国家自主发展现代化的权利，而且遮蔽了全球南方国家书写自身现代性历史的理论话语。由于西方国家长期垄断了现代化的解释权力，使得全球南方国家只能充当西方国家书写现代性历史的被动对象。全球南方国家的声音和诉求难以在现代化理论中得到充分反映。然而，全球南方的现代化不能陷入西方现代化理论的话语陷阱中，需要相应的理论话语作为支撑。而中国式现代化不仅作为“批判的武器”，打破了西方现代化理论的话语垄断，而且作为“武器的批判”，以成功的现代化实践确证了现代化理论的多元性。中国作为全球南方国家通过提炼自身发展经验创立的中国式现代化理论体系，重构了世界现代化的知识体系，为全球南方现代化提供了理论话语支撑。

Chinese-path modernization contributes Chinese wisdom for Global South countries on the path to modernization. Human society needs a new set of theoretical discourse to reshape the world modernization theory system, so as to better guide the modernization development of Global South countries. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “Facing the international situation where changes unseen in a century are accelerating, we must vigorously promote the common values of all humanity, practice genuine multilateralism, and promote the implementation of the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative, the Global Civilization Initiative, and the Global Governance Initiative, working with all countries to build a community with a shared future for mankind.” First, the Global Development Initiative is committed to constructing an inclusive and universally beneficial mode of modernization development, focusing on resolving the problem of unbalanced and insufficient global modernization development, and is highly aligned with the real needs of Global South countries for modernization development. Second, the Global Security Initiative is committed to constructing a global security order based on dialogue, consultation, and win-win cooperation, striving to ensure that every country enjoys a peaceful and secure external environment, so that Global South countries can pursue modernization within a stable and peaceful international order. Third, the Global Civilization Initiative is committed to promoting the principles of seeking common ground while reserving differences, and inclusiveness and mutual learning among different civilizations, enabling countries to draw wisdom for modernization development from civilizational exchange and mutual learning, thereby injecting civilizational strength into Global South modernization. Fourth, the Global Governance Initiative is committed to constructing a multilateral governance system based on extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits, on the premise of sovereign equality, so that the fruits of modernization development benefit Global South countries, gradually bridging the North-South development gap. In summary, the “Four Major Global Initiatives” put forward in the process of Chinese-path modernization create a modernization paradigm that takes a community with a shared future for mankind as its developmental goal, contributing Chinese wisdom for Global South countries on the path to modernization.

中国式现代化为全球南方国家走向现代化贡献了中国智慧。人类社会需要一套新的理论话语重塑世界现代化理论体系，以便更好地指导全球南方国家的现代化发展。习近平总书记指出：“面对百年变局加速演进的国际形势，我们要大力弘扬全人类共同价值，践行真正的多边主义，推动落实全球发展倡议、全球安全倡议、全球文明倡议、全球治理倡议，同各国携手构建人类命运共同体。”第一，全球发展倡议致力于构建一种普惠包容的现代化发展方式，着重解决全球现代化发展不平衡不充分问题，高度契合全球南方国家现代化发展的现实需要。第二，全球安全倡议致力于构建一种对话协商、合作共赢的全球安全秩序，努力让每个国家都享有和平安全的外部环境，全球南方国家才能在和平稳定的国际秩序中推进现代化。第三，全球文明倡议致力于推动不同文明之间求同存异、包容互鉴，各国在文明交流互鉴中汲取现代化发展智慧，为全球南方现代化注入文明力量。第四，全球治理倡议致力于在主权平等前提下，构建一种共商共建共享的多边治理体系，让现代化发展成果惠及全球南方国家，逐渐弥合南北发展鸿沟。总之，中国式现代化进程中提出的“四大全球倡议”，创造出一种以人类命运共同体为发展目标的现代化范式，为全球南方国家走向现代化贡献了中国智慧。