Deeply Advance the Simultaneous Investigation and Governance of Unhealthy Tendencies and Corruption

The Party’s work style is the Party’s image, it concerns the people’s support or opposition, and it concerns the Party’s survival or extinction; corruption is the largest malignant tumor that harms the Party’s vitality and combat effectiveness, and it is the greatest threat to the Party’s long-term governance. Carrying out work style construction and the anti-corruption struggle are both important components of improving the comprehensive and strict governance of the Party system, and they are also important levers for advancing the Party’s self-revolution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out at the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, “It is necessary to deeply advance the simultaneous investigation and governance of unhealthy tendencies and corruption,” and emphasized, “Adhere to the integration of rectifying work style, enforcing discipline, and combating corruption, use ‘simultaneous investigation’ to severely punish the intertwined problems of unhealthy tendencies and corruption, and use ‘simultaneous governance’ to eradicate the common roots of unhealthy tendencies and corruption.” This is a scientific decision made by summarizing the practical experience of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, and it profoundly reveals the inherent laws of the construction of a clean and honest Party and the anti-corruption struggle.

党的作风就是党的形象，关系人心向背，关系党的生死存亡；腐败是危害党的生命力、战斗力的最大毒瘤，是党长期执政的最大威胁。开展作风建设和反腐败斗争，都是健全全面从严治党体系的重要内容，也是推进党的自我革命的重要抓手。习近平总书记在二十届中央纪委四次全会上指出，“要深入推进风腐同查同治”，并强调“坚持正风肃纪反腐相贯通，以‘同查’严惩风腐交织问题，以‘同治’铲除风腐共性根源”。这是总结全面从严治党实践经验作出的科学决策，深刻揭示了党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争的内在规律。

1. The simultaneous investigation and governance of unhealthy tendencies and corruption is a scientific summary of the experience of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party in the New Era

1.风腐同查同治是对新时代全面从严治党经验的科学总结

Rectifying work style and combating corruption are an organic whole; vigorously grasping work style targets anti-corruption, and severely punishing corruption must correct work style. Only by advancing them as one can the comprehensive effectiveness of rectifying work style and combating corruption be maximized. The important thesis of “deeply advancing the simultaneous investigation and governance of unhealthy tendencies and corruption” is precisely a summary and condensation of the experience of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party since the 18th National Congress of the CPC.

正风和反腐是有机整体，狠抓作风剑指反腐，严惩腐败必须纠风，只有一体推进，才能最大限度发挥正风反腐的综合效能。“深入推进风腐同查同治”的重要论断，正是对党的十八大以来全面从严治党经验的总结凝练。

Preventing corruption must start with vigorously grasping the construction of the Party’s work style. Unhealthy tendencies are the direct inducement for the emergence of some corruption problems and easily lead to the generalization and expansion of corruption problems. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has

预防腐败必须从狠抓党风建设入手。不正之风是一些腐败问题产生的直接诱因，并易导致腐败问题的泛化、扩大化。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚持不懈抓作风建设，就是着眼于“抓早抓小”，将其作为预防腐败的一个重要手段。一方面，作风建设以制定中央八项规定、纠治“四风”作为突破口，向违规吃喝送礼等顽瘴痼疾亮剑，狠刹请托办事、拉帮结派等歪风邪气，坚决纠正特权思想、特权现象，以保证共产党人清正廉洁的政治本色；另一方面，坚持党性党风党纪一起抓，促进正风肃纪反腐一体推进。持之以恒加强党性教育，开展七次党内集中教育，督促党员干部坚定理想信念，树牢正确的权力观、政绩观、事业观；三次修订《中国共产党纪律处分条例》，把中央八项规定精神纳入《中国共产党纪律处分条例》相关条款，严格监督执纪，防止“四风”问题变成腐败问题。党性党风党纪有机贯通，通过锤炼党性明方向、严明纪律立规矩、纯洁党风正风气，以提高党员干部拒腐防变的能力。

The anti-corruption struggle is a key link in strengthening the improvement of work style. While severely punishing corruption problems, attention must also be paid to rectifying work style issues. Corruption is an extreme manifestation of the continuous deterioration of unhealthy tendencies; to govern corruption, it is necessary to simultaneously eradicate the work style problems behind it. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC [1]1 The 18th National Congress of the CPC was held in November 2012, marking the beginning of a new era of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party under Xi Jinping’s leadership., the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has advanced the anti-corruption struggle and work style improvement as an integrated whole. On the one hand, when investigating and handling corruption cases, it delves deeply into and thoroughly examines the work style problems hidden behind them, tracing the trajectory of the emergence and evolution of corruption. For example, in the notifications regarding fallen cadres, violations of the spirit of the Eight-Point Regulations [2]2 The Eight-Point Regulations are a set of rules adopted by the CPC Central Committee in December 2012 to curb extravagance and bureaucracy among Party officials. are reported together with serious disciplinary and legal violations, so as to serve as a warning and deterrent. On the other hand, for serious disciplinary and legal violations, the investigation looks beyond the individual case to examine the cadre atmosphere and political ecosystem of the locality or department, analyzes the root causes of the problems, finds targeted rectification measures, repairs and purifies the political ecosystem, and promotes the formation of a fine work style through a healthy political ecosystem.

反腐败斗争是加强作风建设的关键环节，在严惩腐败问题的同时注重整治作风问题。腐败问题是不正之风持续恶化的极端表现，治理腐败必须同时根治其背后的作风问题。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央将反腐败斗争与作风建设一体推进。一方面，在查处腐败案件时，对隐藏其后的作风问题深挖彻查，找出腐败问题发生演变的轨迹。例如，在对落马干部的通报中，对违反中央八项规定精神情况与严重违纪违法行为一起通报，以起到警示震慑作用。另一方面，对严重违纪违法案件，跳出个案看地方和部门的干部风气和政治生态，剖析问题根源，找到针对性整改措施，修复净化政治生态，以健康的政治生态促进优良作风的形成。

2. The Simultaneous Investigation and Governance of Unhealthy Tendencies and Corruption Is a Regular Understanding of Party Conduct, Clean Governance, and the Anti-Corruption Struggle

2.风腐同查同治是对党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争的规律性认识

“Deeply advancing the simultaneous investigation and governance of unhealthy tendencies and corruption” reflects a profound grasp of the interwoven nature, common origin, and mutual linkage between unhealthy tendencies and corruption. It provides scientific guidance for deepening the anti-corruption struggle and also offers an important guideline for promoting comprehensive and strict governance of the Party.

“深入推进风腐同查同治”，体现了对不正之风与腐败问题交织性、同源性、联动性的深刻把握，为深化反腐败斗争提供了科学指导，也为推动全面从严治党提供了重要遵循。

Unhealthy tendencies and corruption are interwoven and must be grasped holistically to sever the connecting link. Corruption problems often begin with the loss of proper conduct in work style. Corrupt behavior is a process of gradual evolution from breaching discipline to violating the law. The trajectory of many cadres’ moral decay and corruption is a vicious cycle where unhealthy tendencies and corruption are interwoven, coexisting and spreading. Unhealthy tendencies are the sprout and beginning of corruption, a “small pipe leak” that, if not governed in time and allowed to develop, will inevitably lead to a “major collapse” of corruption. Conversely, if corruption problems are not effectively punished, it will further encourage unhealthy tendencies, even breeding new ones. The complex relationship where unhealthy tendencies lead to corruption and the two are integrated shows that governing unhealthy tendencies and governing corruption must never be separated. It is necessary to adhere to holistic thinking and grasp the processual characteristics of the generation of corruption. The essence of promoting the simultaneous investigation and governance of unhealthy tendencies and corruption is to use a full-cycle management approach to sever the link connecting unhealthy tendencies and corruption.

风腐相互交织，必须整体把握，斩断纽带。腐败问题往往都是从作风失范开始的。腐败行为是一个从破纪向违法逐步演变的过程，很多干部的腐化堕落轨迹，就是风腐交织、共生蔓延的恶性循环。不正之风是腐败的萌芽、开端，是“小管涌”，不及时治理，任由其发展下去，必然酿成腐败的“大塌方”。反之，腐败问题如若得不到有效惩治，会进一步助长不正之风，甚至滋长新的不正之风。由风及腐、风腐一体的复杂关系表明，治理不正之风和治理腐败绝不能割裂开来，必须坚持整体思维，把握腐败生成的过程性特点。推进风腐同查同治，其要义就是运用全周期管理方式，斩断风腐衔接的纽带。

Unhealthy tendencies and corruption share the same root and origin, and must be addressed in a coordinated manner and governed as an integrated whole. Although the manifestations of unhealthy tendencies and corruption differ, their roots are the same: both are the result of the long-term accumulation and continuous fermentation of various factors. Among these are insufficient punishment intensity, imperfect institutional norms, and inadequate oversight mechanisms, as well as the influence of erroneous ideological concepts and unhealthy social customs, and the effect of fluke mentality. Unhealthy tendencies and corruption are highly stubborn; they not only occur frequently and easily and persist despite repeated bans, but also, as the intensity of rectifying conduct and fighting corruption increases, their methods are constantly being renovated and upgraded to evade oversight. For example, the “four forms of decadence” [3]3 The “four forms of decadence” (四风) refer to formalism, bureaucratism, hedonism, and extravagance, which are the main targets of the Party’s work style improvement campaign. have become more covert and mutated, and corruption has become more concealed, complex, and professional. This means that the work of Party conduct, clean governance, and the anti-corruption struggle is a long-term, complex, and arduous task. There is no magic bullet for rectifying conduct and fighting corruption that can achieve victory with one blow, nor can it be accomplished in a single campaign. Any fragmented or piecemeal governance approach that treats the head when the head aches and the foot when the foot hurts cannot fundamentally solve the problem. Unhealthy tendencies and corruption are closely interwoven and grow stealthily; it is necessary to adhere to systematic thinking and dialectical thinking, advancing them in a coordinated manner and governing them as an integrated whole.

风腐同根同源，必须统筹应对，一体治理。不正之风和腐败问题表现形式虽有不同，但根源相同，都是各种因素长期积累、持续发酵的结果。其中，既有惩处力度不够、制度规范不完善、监督机制不健全的原因，也受错误思想观念、不良社会风气等因素影响，还有侥幸心理作祟。不正之风和腐败问题具有很强的顽固性，不仅多发易发、屡禁不止，且随着正风反腐力度的加大，为了逃避监督，手段也在不断翻新升级。例如，“四风”问题更趋隐形变异，腐败现象更加呈现隐蔽性、复杂化、专业性特点。这意味着党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争是一项长期的、复杂的、艰巨的任务。正风反腐没有一招制胜的灵丹妙药，更不可能毕其功于一役，任何单打一或者头痛医头、脚痛医脚式的治理方式都不可能从根本上解决问题。风腐问题密切交织、潜滋暗长，必须坚持系统观念、辩证思维，统筹推进、一体治理。

Unhealthy tendencies and corruption are mutually linked, and investigation and governance must be integrated to eradicate the soil. Unhealthy tendencies and corruption interact with and permeate each other. Unhealthy tendencies are the soil and conditions that breed corruption. For example, bad practices such as gift-giving, banqueting, and soliciting favors through connections are highly corrosive, gradually eroding the moral bottom line and legal discipline awareness of Party members and cadres. If allowed to develop, they will ultimately evolve from a loss of proper conduct in work style to a loss of control over power. Corruption also has a reverse catalytic effect on unhealthy tendencies. Behaviors behind corruption, such as illegal eating and drinking and accepting gifts, if not promptly investigated and punished, may be imitated and gradually evolve into regional or industry-wide work style problems. Unhealthy tendencies and corruption are mutually linked. To effectively address this problem, it is necessary to adhere to the integration of simultaneous investigation and governance, maximizing the comprehensive effectiveness of correcting errors and establishing new norms, and breaking down the old while establishing the new. On the one hand, use “simultaneous investigation” to severely punish the interwoven problems of unhealthy tendencies and corruption. Adhere to a two-way breakthrough of “investigating corruption through unhealthy tendencies” and “correcting unhealthy tendencies through corruption,” ensuring that whenever the “four forms of decadence” are investigated, corruption cases are uncovered, and whenever corruption cases are investigated, the “four forms of decadence” are examined. On the other hand, use “simultaneous governance” to eradicate the common roots of unhealthy tendencies and corruption. Elevate individual cases to the overall level for governance, focus on analyzing the deep-seated reasons behind cases where unhealthy tendencies and corruption are integrated, identify institutional and mechanism issues as well as problems of environment, culture, and concepts, establish and improve rules and regulations in a targeted manner, strengthen education and guidance, continuously compress the space for the survival of unhealthy tendencies and corruption, and eradicate the soil that breeds them.

风腐彼此联动，必须查治贯通，铲除土壤。不正之风与腐败问题彼此作用、互相渗透。不正之风是诱发腐败滋生的土壤和条件。比如，请客送礼、请托说情等不良风气具有很强的腐蚀性，会逐步侵蚀党员干部的道德底线与法纪意识，若任其发展，最终会从作风失守演变为权力失控。腐败对不正之风也有逆向催化作用。腐败行为背后的违规吃喝、收礼等行为，若未被及时查处，可能被效仿并逐渐演变为区域性、行业性风气问题。风腐彼此联动，要有效应对这一问题，必须坚持同查同治相贯通，最大限度释放纠树并举、破立并进的综合效能。一方面，以“同查”严惩风腐交织问题。坚持“由风查腐”与“由腐纠风”双向突破，做到凡查“四风”问题必挖腐败案件，凡查腐败案件必看“四风”问题。另一方面，以“同治”铲除风腐共性根源。把个案问题上升到整体去治理，注重剖析风腐一体案件背后深层次的原因，找出体制机制问题以及环境、文化、观念等问题，有针对性地建章立制，加强教育引导，不断压缩风腐存活空间，铲除风腐滋生的土壤。

3. Deeply Advancing the Simultaneous Investigation and Governance of Unhealthy Tendencies and Corruption with Mechanism Building as the Grip

3.以机制建设为抓手深入推进风腐同查同治

The meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held on December 9, 2024, pointed out, “It is necessary to improve the mechanism for the simultaneous investigation and governance of unhealthy tendencies and corruption, and strive to promote the integrated deepening of rectifying conduct and fighting corruption.” This is an important deployment for the current work on Party conduct, clean governance, and anti-corruption. Improving the mechanism for the simultaneous investigation and governance of unhealthy tendencies and corruption means strengthening the coordination and cooperation among various forces and elements in rectifying conduct and fighting corruption, forming institutionalized, standardized, and normalized practices, and continuously enhancing the effectiveness of governing unhealthy tendencies and corruption.

2024年12月9日召开的中共中央政治局会议指出，“要健全不正之风和腐败问题同查同治机制，着力推动正风反腐一体深化”。这是对当前党风廉政建设和反腐败工作的重要部署。健全风腐同查同治机制，就是要加强正风反腐各方面力量和要素之间的协同配合，形成制度化规范化常态化做法，不断提升风腐治理效能。

Improve the responsibility mechanism, and consolidate the political responsibility for the simultaneous investigation and governance of misconduct and corruption. Governing the Party and running the Party is the common responsibility of the entire Party, and it must be realized through the joint efforts of the whole Party. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, comprehensive and strict governance of the Party has achieved historic and pioneering accomplishments. One important reason for this is that we have grasped the "ox nose" [4]4 "Ox nose" (牛鼻子) is a Chinese idiom meaning the key or crucial point that, once grasped, leads to control of the whole situation. of the main responsibility for governing the Party and running the Party, forming a responsibility structure in which each party bears its own responsibility and coordination is unified. To deeply advance the simultaneous investigation and governance of misconduct and corruption, we should strengthen political responsibility and improve the responsibility mechanism with clear subjects and explicit requirements. Party committees (leading Party groups) at all levels should incorporate the simultaneous investigation and governance of misconduct and corruption into the construction of the system for comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, integrate it into the overall work layout, and deploy, implement, inspect, and assess it together with business work. Discipline inspection commissions at all levels should fulfill their supervisory responsibilities, assist Party committees in implementing the simultaneous investigation and governance of misconduct and corruption, embed the simultaneous investigation and governance of misconduct and corruption into the entire process of case handling, closely monitor new trends and characteristics of the integrated evolution of misconduct and corruption, and continuously optimize the means and measures for the simultaneous investigation and governance of misconduct and corruption to enhance governance effectiveness. The secretary of the Party committee (leading Party group), as the first responsible person, should personally deploy the simultaneous investigation and governance of misconduct and corruption, personally inquire into major issues, personally coordinate key links, and personally supervise important cases. Other members of the leadership team should fulfill the "dual responsibilities for one post" [5]5 "Dual responsibilities for one post" (一岗双责) refers to the requirement that leading cadres bear responsibility both for their professional duties and for Party building and anti-corruption work in their area., conduct daily supervision over their respective areas, and promptly correct problems of a nascent nature.

健全责任机制，压实风腐同查同治政治责任。管党治党，是全党共同责任，必须依靠全党共同努力来实现。党的十八大以来，全面从严治党取得历史性、开创性成就，其中一个重要原因，就是抓住管党治党主体责任这个“牛鼻子”，形成各负其责、统一协调的责任格局。深入推进风腐同查同治，应强化政治责任，健全主体明确、要求清晰的责任机制。各级党委（党组）要把风腐同查同治纳入全面从严治党体系的构建中，融入整体工作布局中，与业务工作同部署、同落实、同检查、同考核。各级纪委履行好监督责任，协助党委落实好风腐同查同治，把风腐同查同治嵌入案件查办全过程，并密切关注风腐一体演变的新动向新特征，不断优化风腐同查同治的手段和措施，提升治理效能。党委（党组）书记作为第一责任人，对风腐同查同治应亲自部署，重大问题亲自过问、重要环节亲自协调、重要案件亲自督办。领导班子其他成员履行好“一岗双责”，对分管领域做好日常监督，对苗头性问题及时纠正。

Improve the coordination mechanism, and optimize the integration of resources for the simultaneous investigation and governance of misconduct and corruption. The simultaneous investigation and governance of misconduct and corruption is a complex systematic project that requires multi-party cooperation, resonance at the same frequency, and the formation of synergy. Various business departments of discipline inspection and supervision organs should collaborate and connect with each other, running the concept of simultaneous investigation and governance of misconduct and corruption through all links such as petition reporting, clue evaluation, supervision and inspection, review and investigation, case notification, and promoting reform through cases, strengthening communication, consultation, linkage, and cooperation, and jointly advancing the integrated rectification of misconduct and corruption issues. Establish and improve horizontal cross-departmental coordination mechanisms, promote information sharing between discipline inspection and supervision organs and departments such as finance, auditing, and statistics, strengthen the connection and coordination between discipline inspection and supervision supervision and financial supervision, auditing supervision, and statistical supervision, gather forces from all sides, and more effectively address the challenges of the "four forms of misconduct" [6]6 "Four forms of misconduct" (四风问题) refers to formalism, bureaucratism, hedonism, and extravagance, which are the main targets of the Eight-Point Regulations. and the hidden mutation, renovation, and upgrading of corruption methods. Improve social coordination mechanisms, actively build platforms for mass participation, effectively leverage the role of mass supervision, maximize the cohesion of forces, and continuously deepen the rectification of misconduct and corruption issues around the people.

健全协同机制，优化风腐同查同治资源整合。风腐同查同治是一项复杂的系统工程，需要多方合作，同频共振，形成合力。纪检监察机关各业务部门之间应协作贯通，把风腐同查同治的理念贯穿于信访举报、线索研判、监督检查、审查调查、案件通报、以案促改等各环节，加强沟通会商、联动合作，共同推进风腐问题一体纠治。建立健全横向跨部门协作机制，推动纪检监察机关与财政、审计、统计等部门信息共享，加强纪检监察监督与财会监督、审计监督、统计监督贯通协同，汇聚各方力量，更加有效应对破解“四风”问题和腐败手段隐形变异、翻新升级难题。健全社会协同机制，积极为群众参与搭建平台，有效发挥群众监督作用，最大限度凝聚合力，持续深化整治群众身边的不正之风和腐败问题。

Improve the guarantee mechanism, and enhance the effectiveness of integrated governance of misconduct and corruption. For the simultaneous investigation and governance of misconduct and corruption to become normalized, it cannot be separated from a series of supporting guarantee mechanisms. Therefore, top-level design, supervision and assessment, and technological empowerment should be coordinated. Discipline inspection commissions at all levels should, based on local actual conditions, formulate opinions and measures for promoting the simultaneous investigation and governance of misconduct and corruption in their own regions and departments, and provide guidance and supervision to lower-level discipline inspection commissions. Incorporate the simultaneous investigation and governance of misconduct and corruption into the assessment of the main responsibility of Party committees, urge all regions and units to conduct political ecology analysis, and organically integrate the rectification of misconduct and anti-corruption with deepening reform, improving systems, and promoting governance. Make full use of information technology means to add "technological wings" to the advancement of the simultaneous investigation and governance of misconduct and corruption. Establish information-based supervision platforms, and through data integration, data comparison, and data mining, let "computing power" supplement "manpower," promptly discover potential risks of misconduct and corruption issues, and enhance the effectiveness of integrated governance of misconduct and corruption.

健全保障机制，提升风腐一体治理效能。风腐同查同治要走向常态化，离不开一系列支撑保障机制，为此，应将加强顶层设计、监督考核以及技术赋能等统筹起来。各级纪委应结合本地实际情况，制定本地区本部门推进风腐同查同治的意见办法，并对下级纪委做好指导督促工作。将风腐同查同治纳入党委主体责任考核中，督促各地区各单位做好政治生态分析，把正风反腐与深化改革、完善制度、促进治理有机贯通起来。充分利用信息化技术手段，为推进风腐同查同治插上“科技翅膀”。建立信息化监督平台，通过数据集成、数据比对、数据挖掘，让“算力”补充“人力”，及时发现作风问题和腐败问题的潜在风险，提升风腐一体治理效能。

In summary, the construction of clean governance and the fight against corruption are long-term, complex, and arduous tasks. On the new journey, only by always maintaining the tenacity and perseverance that the fight against corruption is always on the way, taking scientific measures and forceful actions for the simultaneous investigation and governance of misconduct and corruption, resolutely eliminating the stock of corruption, and effectively curbing the increment of corruption, can we continuously expand the new situation of the construction of clean governance and the fight against corruption, and step by step realize the elimination of malpractice and corruption, and the clarity of the sea and the purity of the river. [7]7 "Elimination of malpractice and corruption, and the clarity of the sea and the purity of the river" (弊绝风清、海晏河清) are classical Chinese idioms describing a society free from corruption and disorder, with peace and prosperity.

总之，党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争是一项长期的、复杂的、艰巨的任务。新征程上，只有始终保持反腐败永远在路上的坚韧执着，以风腐同查同治的科学举措和有力行动，坚决清除腐败存量，有力遏制腐败增量，才能不断拓展党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争的新局面，一步步实现弊绝风清、海晏河清。

(Author: Wu Haihong, Researcher at the Shanghai Research Center for Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, Professor at the Party Building Teaching and Research Department of the Shanghai Party Institute of the CPC)

（作者：吴海红，系上海市习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究中心研究员、中共上海市委党校党建教研部教授）

Online Editor: Huihui

网络编辑：慧慧