The Centralized, Unified Leadership of the Party Central Committee Is the Fundamental Guarantee for Doing Economic Work Well

Economic work is the Party’s central work. Upholding the Party’s centralized, unified leadership over economic work is the fundamental guarantee for China’s economic development. At the Central Economic Work Conference held on December 11–12, 2024, General Secretary Xi Jinping clearly pointed out: “The centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee is the fundamental guarantee for doing economic work well.” This important thesis is the result of the Party’s long-term deepening of its understanding of the laws governing economic work in the course of economic and social practice, and it serves as the primary content among the thirteen basic principles of Xi Jinping’s economic thought, playing a guiding role within this system of thought. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, under the centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, China has written a new chapter in the two miracles of rapid economic development and long-term social stability. In the complex and ever-changing domestic and international economic environment, the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee has provided a solid guarantee for the sustained and healthy development of China’s economy. Especially at critical moments and important junctures, the Party Central Committee has promptly assessed the situation and made decisions and deployments, ensuring the smooth progress of economic work. Practice has proven that the more complex the situation and the heavier the tasks of reform, the more necessary it is to uphold the Party’s centralized, unified leadership.

经济工作是党的中心工作。坚持党对经济工作的集中统一领导是我国经济发展的根本保证。在2024年12月11日至12日召开的中央经济工作会议上，习近平总书记明确指出：“党中央集中统一领导是做好经济工作的根本保证。”这一重要论断是党长期在经济社会实践中不断深化对经济工作的规律性认识，并作为习近平经济思想十三条基本内容的首要内容，在这一思想体系中具有引领作用。党的十八大以来，在以习近平同志为核心的党中央集中统一领导下，我国书写了经济快速发展和社会长期稳定两大奇迹新篇章。在复杂多变的国内外经济环境中，党中央的坚强领导为我国经济持续健康发展提供了坚实保障。特别是在关键时刻和重要节点，党中央及时研判形势、作出决策部署，确保了经济工作的顺利推进。实践证明，形势越复杂，改革的任务越繁重，越需要坚持党的集中统一领导。

The Importance of the Party Central Committee’s Centralized, Unified Leadership over Economic Work

党中央集中统一领导经济工作的重要性

Upholding the Party’s centralized, unified leadership over economic work is the practical experience gained from the Chinese Communist Party’s long-term struggle. In the 75 years since the founding of New China, China has written a miracle of economic development, enabling the Chinese people to shake off the backward and impoverished conditions of life, enabling economic strength to leap to a new level, and enabling comprehensive national power to achieve a historic leap. None of this would have been possible without the Party’s consistent organization and implementation of various economic tasks at different historical stages. The Chinese Communist Party has always attached great importance to the Party’s leadership over economic work, which is reflected throughout the entire historical process of revolution, construction, and reform. During the period of the New Democratic Revolution, in order to adapt to the needs of war and ensure supplies, the Chinese Communist Party carried out the Great Production Movement in the base areas, abolished the land system that exploited peasants, liberated rural productive forces, and laid a good economic foundation for socialist construction. During the period of socialist revolution and construction, the Party Central Committee smoothly completed the socialist transformation of agriculture, handicrafts, and capitalist industry and commerce, established the basic socialist economic system, and carried out large-scale economic construction, initially establishing the national economic system. During the new period of reform and opening up and socialist modernization, the Party consistently adhered to the basic line of “one central task, two basic points” [1]1 “One central task, two basic points” refers to the Party’s basic line: taking economic construction as the central task, and upholding the Four Cardinal Principles and reform and opening up as the two basic points., insisted on taking economic construction as the central task, achieved rapid economic development, and became the world’s second-largest economy. In the New Era of socialism with Chinese characteristics, under the centralized, unified leadership of the Party, the battle against poverty was won on schedule, the arduous task of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects was completed, and a miracle in the history of human poverty reduction was created. The achievement of these accomplishments is inseparable from the Party’s understanding of the laws governing economic work, and this understanding of the laws will continue to guide China’s economy toward a new and higher stage.

坚持党对经济工作的集中统一领导，是中国共产党长期奋斗的实践经验。新中国成立75年来，书写了中国经济发展的奇迹，使中国人民摆脱了贫穷落后的生活面貌，经济实力跃上新台阶，综合国力实现历史性跨越，这些都离不开党在不同历史阶段一以贯之地组织开展各项经济工作。中国共产党历来十分重视党对经济工作的领导，体现在革命、建设和改革的历史全过程。新民主主义革命时期，中国共产党为适应战争需要，保障供给，在根据地开展大生产运动，废除了剥削农民的土地制度，解放了农村生产力，为社会主义建设打下了良好的经济基础。社会主义革命和建设时期，党中央顺利地完成了对农业、手工业、资本主义工商业的社会主义改造，建立了社会主义基本经济制度，并开展了大规模的经济建设，初步建立了国民经济体系。改革开放和社会主义现代化建设新时期，党始终坚持“一个中心，两个基本点”的基本路线，坚持以经济建设为中心，实现了经济快速发展，成为全球第二大经济体。中国特色社会主义新时代，在党的集中统一领导下，如期打赢脱贫攻坚战，完成了全面建成小康社会的艰巨任务，创造了人类减贫史上的奇迹。这些成就的取得离不开党对经济工作的规律性认识，这些规律性认识将继续指导中国的经济迈向新的更高阶段。

Upholding the Party’s centralized, unified leadership over economic work can ensure that China’s economy develops in the correct direction. Upholding the centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee and upholding the socialist direction of economic work are intrinsically linked. The foundation of the socialist economic system is public ownership of the means of production, which is the fundamental principle that can embody the socialist nature. The socialist market economy system is an innovation in the Party’s theory and practice, which gradually took shape in the historical process of reform and opening up. It is precisely because of the implementation of this system that China’s economy has achieved faster, higher-quality, and more sustainable development. At the same time, this basic economic system is the governing foundation of our Party. Deng Xiaoping repeatedly emphasized two important principles of the socialist market economy on many important occasions: “First, take public ownership as the mainstay; second, do not allow polarization.” [2]2 This is a paraphrase of Deng Xiaoping’s remarks on the principles of the socialist market economy, emphasizing public ownership and opposing polarization. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, General Secretary Xi Jinping has reiterated on many occasions: “We develop the market economy under the premise of the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party and the socialist system; we must never forget the attribute of ‘socialism’ at any time.” [3]3 This is a quotation from Xi Jinping, stressing that the market economy under the CPC’s leadership must retain its socialist character. The essential requirement of socialism is to achieve common prosperity for all the people. As a Marxist ruling party, the Chinese Communist Party always represents the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people, which is also the root reason why the Party has expended so much effort on solving the problem of absolute poverty. Therefore, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasizes: “Upholding the Party’s leadership and giving full play to the Party’s core leadership role of exercising overall leadership and coordinating all parties is an important feature of China’s socialist market economy system.” [4]4 This is a quotation from Xi Jinping, highlighting the Party’s leadership as a key feature of the socialist market economy. This reflects that Party leadership runs through the entire process of deepening economic system reform, ensuring that the socialist market economy develops in the correct direction.

坚持党对经济工作的集中统一领导，能确保我国经济沿着正确的方向发展。坚持党中央集中统一领导与坚持经济工作的社会主义方向具有内在的联系，社会主义经济制度的基础是生产资料公有制，这是能够体现社会主义性质的根本原则。社会主义市场经济体制是党的理论和实践创新，这是在改革开放的历史进程中逐渐形成的，正是由于实行这种体制，中国经济实现更快速度更高质量更可持续的发展。同时，这种基本经济制度是我们党的执政基础。邓小平曾在多个重要场合反复强调社会主义市场经济的两个重要原则：“一是以公有制为主体，二是不搞两极分化。”党的十八大以来，习近平总书记多次重申：“我们是在中国共产党领导和社会主义制度的大前提下发展市场经济，什么时候都不能忘了‘社会主义’这个定语。”而社会主义的本质要求就是要实现全体人民的共同富裕，中国共产党作为马克思主义执政党，始终代表最广大人民的根本利益，这也是之所以党在解决绝对贫困问题上耗费大量心血的根源。因此，习近平总书记强调：“坚持党的领导，发挥党总揽全局、协调各方的领导核心作用，是我国社会主义市场经济体制的一个重要特征。”这体现了党的领导贯穿深化经济体制改革的全过程，确保社会主义市场经济沿着正确方向发展。

Upholding the Party’s centralized, unified leadership over economic work is the fundamental reliance for China to respond to major risks and challenges. The world today is undergoing changes unseen in a century. Compared with the past, many profound changes have occurred, and China is facing many new situations and new problems. From a domestic perspective, in the new stage of development, facing a new round of scientific and technological revolution, China’s economic operation still faces many difficulties and challenges, such as insufficient domestic demand, difficulties in production and operation for some enterprises, and increased pressure on employment and income growth for the masses. From an international perspective, the trend toward a multipolar world has not changed, the world pattern is showing a trend of “the East rising and the West declining,” and world socialism, marked by the great achievements of socialism with Chinese characteristics, is moving toward revival. At the same time, global problems are constantly becoming prominent; trade protectionism, terrorism, and unilateralism are constantly rising; and phenomena such as anti-globalization, energy security, and cybersecurity are constantly impacting and interfering with the realization of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Therefore, in the face of new situations and new problems, “whether we can manage the world’s second-largest economy well and whether we can maintain sustained and healthy economic and social development fundamentally depends on whether the Party’s core leadership role in economic and social development is well played.” [5]5 This is a quotation from Xi Jinping, linking the Party’s leadership role to the ability to

坚持党对经济工作的集中统一领导，是我国应对重大风险挑战的根本依靠。当今世界正经历百年未有之大变局，与过去相比，发生了许多深刻的变化，中国正面临着许多新情况新问题。从国内来看，新的发展阶段，面对新一轮科技革命，中国经济运行中仍面临不少困难和挑战，如国内需求不足，部分企业生产经营困难，群众就业增收压力加大等。从国际来看，世界多极化趋势没有变，世界格局正呈现“东升西降”的态势，世界社会主义以中国特色社会主义的伟大成就为标志正在走向复兴。同时全球问题不断凸显，贸易保护主义、恐怖主义、单边主义不断上升，逆全球化现象、能源安全、网络安全等问题不断冲击、干扰中华民族伟大复兴的实现。因此，面对新情况、新问题，“能不能驾驭好世界第二大经济体，能不能保持经济社会持续健康发展，从根本上讲取决于党在经济社会发展中的领导核心作用发挥得好不好”。

The Profound Connotation of the Party Central Committee’s Centralized, Unified Leadership over Economic Work

党中央集中统一领导经济工作的深刻内涵

The Party’s centralized, unified leadership over economic work is the inevitable result of the dialectical relationship between economics and politics. The law of the contradictory movement between the economic base and the superstructure is an important content of historical materialism. “Economics is the foundation; politics is the concentrated expression of economics.” [6]6 Quotation from Xi Jinping’s speech on the necessity of maintaining the authority of the Party Central Committee. The economic base determines the superstructure, plays a decisive role in social development, and promotes changes in the superstructure. At the same time, the superstructure has an active reaction on the economic base; it can promote or hinder the development of the economic base. Within the superstructure, state power occupies a core and leading position, and which class holds state power determines the class nature of the state. Lenin once pointed out: “The masses are divided into classes; classes are led by parties.” [7]7 The Two Establishments refers to establishing Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole, and establishing the guiding role of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. Classes are mainly defined by people’s position in the economic structure and their role in the relations of production. For a class to act as a whole and actively participate in social activities, it must form its own organization. Only under the leadership of its own party can a class form a unified will and action, and make its activities and undertakings more effective. The great achievements of China’s revolution, construction, reform, and development have fully proven this point.

党对经济工作的集中统一领导，是经济与政治辩证关系产生的必然结果。经济基础和上层建筑的矛盾运动规律，是唯物史观的重要内容。“经济是基础，政治则是经济的集中的表现。”经济基础决定上层建筑，对社会发展起着决定性作用，推动上层建筑的变革。同时，上层建筑对经济基础具有能动的反作用，它可以促进或阻碍经济基础的发展。在上层建筑中，国家政权居于核心主导地位，而哪个阶级掌握国家政权就决定了国家的阶级属性。列宁曾指出：“群众是划分为阶级的，阶级是由政党来领导的。”阶级主要是由人们在经济结构中的地位和他们在生产关系中的作用来定义的，一个阶级要作为整体来行动，积极参与社会活动，就必须形成自己的组织。阶级只有在自己的政党领导之下，才能形成统一的意志和行动，才能使活动和事业更有成效。中国革命、建设、改革、发展的伟大成就充分证明了这一点。

The Communist Party of China is a proletarian party, a representative of advanced productive forces, and the vanguard of the proletariat. It is a political party organization built according to the Marxist theory of Party building. Marx and Engels pointed out in the *Communist Manifesto*: “All previous historical movements were movements of minorities, or in the interest of minorities. The proletarian movement is the independent movement of the immense majority, in the interest of the immense majority.” “The Communists do not form a separate party opposed to other working-class parties. They have no interests separate and apart from those of the proletariat as a whole.” To achieve the goal of seeking interests for the immense majority, the proletariat transforms from a class in itself into a class for itself and organizes itself to strive for a common goal. That is to say, the emergence of a proletarian party is the product of the movement of political and economic contradictions. A political party can better serve its economic base only by leading the economy. The essential distinction between a proletarian party and a bourgeois party lies in whom the party serves and whose interests it represents. From its very founding, the Communist Party of China has been guided by Marxist thought, upholds the socialist economic base, and represents the fundamental interests of the broadest majority of the people. This determines that the Party’s centralized unified leadership over economic work must be strengthened. Our Party’s Constitution clearly stipulates: “In leading the cause of socialism, the Communist Party of China must take economic development as the central task, and all other work is subordinate to and serves this central task.”

中国共产党是无产阶级政党，是先进生产力的代表，是无产阶级的先锋队，是根据马克思主义的建党学说建成的政党组织。马克思恩格斯在《共产党宣言》中指出：“过去的一切运动都是少数人的或者为少数人谋利益的运动。无产阶级的运动是绝大多数人的、为绝大多数人谋利益的独立的运动。”“共产党人不是同其他工人政党的相对立的特殊政党。他们没有任何同整个无产阶级的利益不同的利益。”为了达成为绝大多数人谋利益的目标，无产阶级从一个自在的阶级转变为自觉的阶级，并组织起来为了共同目标而奋斗。也就是说，无产阶级政党的产生是政治与经济矛盾运动的产物。政党只有领导经济才能更好地服务于它的经济基础。无产阶级政党与资产阶级政党的本质区别在于该政党是为谁服务，代表谁的利益。中国共产党一经成立，就以马克思主义思想为指导，维护的是社会主义的经济基础，代表的是最广大人民的根本利益，这就决定了必须加强党对经济工作的集中统一领导。我们党的章程明确规定：“中国共产党在领导社会主义事业中，必须坚持以经济建设为中心，其他各项工作都服从和服务于这个中心。”

The Practical Path of the Party Central Committee’s Centralized Unified Leadership over Economic Work

党中央集中统一领导经济工作的实践路径

The complexity of economic work determines the systematic nature of the Party’s leadership work. At present, China has entered a critical period of comprehensively building a modern socialist country. It is necessary not only to properly handle various complex relationships in the economic field but also to persist in integrating the Party’s leadership throughout the entire process and in all areas of economic work.

经济工作的复杂性决定了党的领导工作的系统性。当前中国已开启全面建设社会主义现代化国家的关键时期，既要妥善处理经济领域的各项复杂关系，又要坚持把党的领导贯穿到经济工作各领域全过程。

First, it is necessary to consciously uphold the authority of the Party Central Committee and its centralized unified leadership. This is the highest principle of the Party’s leadership. “If the Party Central Committee lacks authority… the Party will become a heap of loose sand, become a ‘private club’ where everyone acts as they please, and the Party’s leadership will become empty talk.” [6]6 Quotation from Xi Jinping’s speech on the necessity of maintaining the authority of the Party Central Committee. Therefore, Party organizations at all levels, all Party members, and especially leading cadres must maintain a high degree of alignment with the Party Central Committee in thought, politics, and action. We must deeply comprehend the decisive significance of the Two Establishments, [7]7 The Two Establishments refers to establishing Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole, and establishing the guiding role of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. strengthen the Four Consciousnesses, [8]8 The Four Consciousnesses refers to the consciousness of the need to maintain political integrity, think in big-picture terms, follow the leadership core, and keep in alignment with the central Party leadership. fortify the Four Confidences, [9]9 The Four Confidences refers to confidence in the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics. achieve the Two Upholds, [10]10 The Two Upholds refers to upholding General Secretary Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole, and upholding the authority and centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee. consciously use the Party Central Committee’s scientific judgment of the situation to unify thought, will, and action, actively prevent and defuse various risks, and promote high-quality development.

首先，必须自觉维护党中央权威和集中统一领导。这是党的领导的最高原则。“如果党中央没有权威……党就会变成一盘散沙，就会成为各行其是的‘私人俱乐部’，党的领导就会成为一句空话。”因此，党的各级组织、全体党员特别是领导干部必须在思想上、政治上和行动上同党中央保持高度一致。深刻领悟“两个确立”的决定性意义，增强“四个意识”、坚定“四个自信”、做到“两个维护”，自觉用党中央对形势的科学判断统一思想、统一意志、统一行动，积极防范化解各种风险，推动经济高质量发展。

Second, the Party’s ability and level in leading economic work must be continuously improved. Economic and social development is a vast systematic project. Party members and leading cadres at all levels must be adept at sizing up the situation, comprehensively considering the trends and stage-specific characteristics of economic development, and making overall plans while taking all factors into consideration. They must be able to grasp the general trend of development while also seizing the inherent laws of economic development, daring to face difficulties squarely and maintaining sobriety. To this end, first, they must be adept at learning the theoretical knowledge of Marxist political economy, especially Xi Jinping’s economic thought. [11]11 Xi Jinping’s economic thought is a component of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, focusing on economic development principles such as the new development philosophy and supply-side structural reform. Our Party has always attached importance to the study, research, and application of Marxist political economy. It places great emphasis on integrating the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities to promote the Party’s theoretical innovation. Facing the complex and ever-changing domestic and international situation, only by solidly mastering the scientific analytical methods of Marxist political economy can one grasp the trends and inherent laws of economic development in actual economic work and improve the ability to manage the socialist market economy. At the same time, one must be adept at investigation and research to provide a basis for scientifically formulating economic development policies and measures. Second, the Party’s work style in economic work must be improved, especially by severely punishing corruption in the economic field and building a new type of government-business relationship. [12]12 The new type of government-business relationship refers to a relationship characterized by closeness and cleanliness, where officials engage with businesses transparently and provide services without corruption. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized at the Central Economic Work Conference that we must unswervingly punish corruption and resolutely oppose formalism and bureaucracy that are keen on performing for superiors, not taking responsibility for subordinates, and not considering actual results. [13]13 The Central Economic Work Conference is an annual high-level meeting where the Party Central Committee sets the economic policy agenda for the following year. Third, the scientific and law-based level of the Party’s leadership over economic work must be continuously improved. Party committees and government departments at all levels must, when formulating various economic guidelines and policies, conform to the laws of economic development, strengthen the analysis of domestic and international economic development trends, and reveal new characteristics and new laws of economic development, thereby making decision-making more scientific. At the same time, the socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics is a law-based economy. It is necessary to be adept at turning the Party’s propositions in the economic field into the will of the state and laws and regulations through legal procedures, maintain a fair and just business environment, and give full play to the complementary mechanism of the government’s “visible hand” and the market’s “invisible hand.”

其次，要不断提高党领导经济工作的能力和水平。经济社会发展是一项庞大的系统工程，各级党员干部要善于审时度势，综合考量经济发展趋势及其阶段性特点，统筹兼顾，既要能把握发展大势，又能抓住经济发展内在规律，敢于正视困难、保持清醒。为此，一要善于学习马克思主义政治经济学理论知识，特别是习近平经济思想。我们党历来重视对马克思主义政治经济学的学习、研究、运用。十分注重把马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合，推动党的理论创新。面对纷繁复杂的国内外形势，只有扎实掌握马克思主义政治经济学的科学分析方法，才能在实际经济工作中，把握经济发展趋势和内在规律，提高驾驭社会主义市场经济的能力。同时，要善于调查研究，为科学制定经济发展的政策和举措提供依据。二要改进党的经济工作作风，特别是要严惩经济领域的腐败现象，构建新型政商关系。习近平总书记在中央经济工作会议上强调，要坚定不移惩治腐败，坚决反对热衷于对上表现、不对下负责、不考虑实效的形式主义、官僚主义。三要不断提高党领导经济工作的科学化、法治化水平。各级党委和政府部门在制定各项经济方针政策时要符合经济发展规律，加强对国内外经济发展趋势的分析，揭示出经济发展的新特点和新规律，从而使决策更加科学化。同时，中国特色社会主义市场经济是法治经济，要善于使党在经济领域的主张通过法定程序上升为国家意志和法律法规，保持公平公正的营商环境，发挥好政府“有形的手”和市场“无形的手”的互补机制作用。

Third, the institutional mechanisms for the Party’s leadership over economic work must be continuously improved. First, strengthen the Party’s top-level design for economic work. The Party’s leadership is the greatest political advantage of socialism with Chinese characteristics. The Communist Party of China has gradually formed a set of institutional systems in leading economic work, such as establishing the Central Comprehensively Deepening Reforms Commission, the Central Financial and Economic Affairs Commission, and convening the annual Central Economic Work Conference. These together constitute the institutional system for the Party’s leadership over economic work, implementing the Party’s comprehensive leadership in all aspects of economic and social life. [14]14 The Central Comprehensively Deepening Reforms Commission and the Central Financial and Economic Affairs Commission are leading bodies under the Party Central Committee responsible for coordinating reforms and economic policy, respectively. Second, local Party committees must implement the central authorities’ general policies, the national economic development strategy, and regulatory measures. Based on the development laws and operational characteristics of the market economy, and in light of the actual conditions of their own regions and departments, they must propose implementation opinions to ensure that various policies are implemented and effective. Third, adhere to the guidance of Xi Jinping’s economic thought, strive to promote high-quality development, continuously advance the Party’s self-revolution, and embody the requirements of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party in the Party-led economic work. Fourth, improve the strategic decision-making mechanism, draw up blueprints based on the new stage of development and centered on the new pattern of development, focus on effectively promoting high-quality development, adhere to the combination of the “theory of two points” and the “theory of emphasis,” [15]15 The “theory of two points” and the “theory of emphasis” are dialectical methods derived from Mao Zedong’s thought, referring to considering both aspects of a contradiction while prioritizing the principal aspect. and implement the reform measures proposed by the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC. [16]16 The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC, held in July 2024, focused on further deepening reform comprehensively to advance Chinese-path modernization.

第三，要不断完善党领导经济工作的体制机制。一是加强党对经济工作的顶层设计。党的领导是中国特色社会主义最大的政治优势，中国共产党在领导经济工作方面逐渐形成了一套制度体系，如成立中央全面深化改革委员会、中央财经委员会、召开一年一度的经济工作会议等共同构成党领导经济工作的制度体系，把党的全面领导落实到经济社会生活的各方面。二是地方党委要贯彻落实中央大政方针、国家经济发展战略和调控措施，根据市场经济发展规律和运行特点，结合本地区本部门的实际情况，提出贯彻意见，确保各项政策落实见效。三是坚持以习近平经济思想为指导，着力推动经济高质量发展，不断推进党的自我革命，把全面从严治党要求体现在党领导的经济工作之中。四是完善战略决策机制，立足新发展阶段、围绕新发展格局擘画蓝图，聚焦于切实推动经济高质量发展，坚持“两点论”和“重点论”相结合，把党的二十届三中全会提出的改革举措落到实处。

Online Editor: Paul

网络编辑：保罗