The Internal Mechanism and Realization Path of the Chinese Communist Party’s Leadership in the Construction of the Chinese National Community

The Chinese nation is a community with a shared future forged in the process whereby all ethnic groups jointly opened up the motherland’s territory, jointly created a unified multi-ethnic state, jointly wrote Chinese history, jointly created splendid Chinese culture, and jointly cultivated the great national spirit. The connotation of the concept of the “Chinese national community” has been deepened in the mutual construction of adaptation to the times and politicization, not only becoming a foundational concept in the Chinese Communist Party’s theoretical discourse system on ethnic affairs, but also becoming a new concept for understanding and practicing the correct path for solving ethnic problems with Chinese characteristics. For this reason, the construction of the Chinese national community has become the core task of the Party’s ethnic work in the New Era. Promoting the construction of the Chinese national community is “an important measure taken by the Party, based on historical logic and historical experience, to build a modern state and implement ethnic integration.” This is both a summary of the experience gained from the major achievements of the Party’s ethnic work, an assessment of the risks and challenges facing current ethnic work, and a strategic deployment for realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation in the new historical juncture.

中华民族是各民族在共同开拓祖国疆域、共同缔造统一多民族国家、共同书写中国历史、共同创造灿烂中华文化、共同培育伟大民族精神的进程中造就的命运共同体。“中华民族共同体”概念的内涵在时代化与政治化的互构中得到深化，不仅成为中国共产党民族理论话语体系的基础性概念，而且成为认识和践行中国特色解决民族问题正确道路的新理念。为此，中华民族共同体建设成为新时代党的民族工作的核心任务。推进中华民族共同体建设是“党基于历史逻辑和历史经验建构现代国家、实行民族整合的重要举措”，这既是党的民族工作取得重大成就的经验总结，也是对当前民族工作面临风险挑战的研判，更是在新的历史方位中实现中华民族伟大复兴的战略部署。

I. Literature Review and Problem Statement

一、文献述评与问题提出

The Chinese Communist Party is the leading core of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the most reliable pillar of strength for the people of all ethnic groups. In September 2024, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized in his speech at the National Conference on Commending Model Units and Individuals for Ethnic Unity and Progress, “Always uphold the Party’s leadership, and continuously consolidate the common ideological and political foundation for the united struggle of all ethnic groups.” [1]1 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the National Conference on Commending Model Units and Individuals for Ethnic Unity and Progress,” *People’s Daily*, September 28, 2024. Clearly, Party leadership occupies a core position in the systematic project of constructing the Chinese national community, and is “the most fundamental political foundation and organizational guarantee for forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation.” [2]2 Hao Yaming, “The Chinese Communist Party is the Fundamental Guarantee for Forging a Strong Sense of Community for the Chinese Nation,” *Guangming Daily*, November 1, 2022. Therefore, deepening research on the topic of “Party leadership and the construction of the Chinese national community” has become an inevitable requirement for the innovation of ethnic theory and the governance of ethnic affairs. Currently, the academic community has carried out relevant discussions from dimensions such as historical evolution, discourse construction, and experience summarization.

中国共产党是中国特色社会主义事业的领导核心，是各族人民最可靠的主心骨。2024年9月，习近平总书记在全国民族团结进步表彰大会上的讲话强调，“始终坚持党的领导，不断巩固各民族团结奋斗的共同思想政治基础”。显然，党的领导在中华民族共同体建设这一系统工程中居于核心地位，是“铸牢中华民族共同体意识最根本的政治基础和组织保障”。由此，深化“党的领导与中华民族共同体建设”议题的研究就成为民族理论创新和民族事务治理的必然要求。当前，学界从历史演进、话语建构、经验总结等维度展开了相关探讨。

First, it explores the historical evolution of the Party’s leadership in the construction of the Chinese national community. The review of historical evolution focuses on examining the Party’s practice of constructing the Chinese national community under different temporal and spatial conditions based on the historical juncture of the Chinese nation, exploring the formation of the correct path for solving ethnic problems with Chinese characteristics, and demonstrating the logical approach to advancing Chinese-path modernization through the construction of the Chinese national community.

其一，探讨党领导中华民族共同体建设的历史演变。对历史演变的梳理，侧重探讨党在不同时空条件下基于中华民族所处历史方位建设中华民族共同体的实践，探寻中国特色解决民族问题正确道路的形成，论证以中华民族共同体建设推进中国式现代化的逻辑进路。

Second, it analyzes the construction of the Chinese Communist Party’s discourse system on the Chinese nation. It clarifies the logic of constructing the discourse system based on the foundational concept of the Chinese nation from the aspects of the conceptual connotation of the Chinese national community, discourse evolution, and the main line of national rejuvenation value.

其二，剖析中国共产党中华民族话语体系的建构。从中华民族共同体的概念内涵、话语演变和民族复兴价值主线等方面厘清了建基于中华民族基础概念之上的话语体系建构逻辑。

Third, it summarizes the achievements and experience of the Party’s leadership in the construction of the Chinese national community. It reviews the practice of the Party’s leadership in the construction of the Chinese national community in different historical periods, summarizing the original theories and practical experience proposed in the process of the Party’s leadership in the construction of the Chinese national community from aspects such as the connotation and relationship between difference and commonality, the historical tasks faced by the Party in different periods, and the cultivation of community consciousness.

其三，总结了党领导中华民族共同体建设的成就和经验。梳理不同历史时期党领导中华民族共同体建设的实践，从差异性与共同性的内涵和关系、不同时期党面临的历史任务、共同体意识培育等方面总结党领导中华民族共同体建设进程中提出的原创性理论和实践经验。

Current academic discussions on the Chinese Communist Party’s leadership in the construction of the Chinese national community are conducted through multiple paradigms. These explorations have not only enriched the knowledge supply of the Chinese national community but also provided new perspectives for exploring the internal relationship between Party leadership and the construction of the Chinese national community. However, most current research provides weak theoretical responses to the fundamental question of “why the Party can lead the construction of the Chinese national community,” which is precisely an important link in constructing an independent knowledge system for socialist ethnic theory and policy with Chinese characteristics. In view of this, it is necessary to grasp why the Party leads the construction of the Chinese national community from the general logic of community construction and the core position of the Chinese Communist Party in Chinese politics, that is, to analyze the internal mechanism and practical approach of the Chinese Communist Party’s leadership in the construction of the Chinese national community from three dimensions: the demand side, the supply side, and the realization mechanism. Analyzing the internal demands of the construction of the Chinese national community is to answer the question of why the Chinese Communist Party’s leadership is necessary for the construction of the Chinese national community; analyzing the authority of the Chinese Communist Party as the supreme political force and the political potential it contains is to answer the question of how the Party’s leadership in the construction of the Chinese national community is possible; analyzing the internal coupling between the internal demands of the construction of the Chinese national community and the political potential of the Chinese Communist Party is to answer the question of how the Party’s leadership in the construction of the Chinese national community is realized from the mechanism level.

当前学界关于中国共产党领导中华民族共同体建设的探讨以多元范式展开。这些探索不但丰富了中华民族共同体的知识供给，同时也为探究党的领导与中华民族共同体建设的内在关系提供了新视角。不过，当前大多数研究对“党何以领导中华民族共同体建设”这个基础性问题的学理回应还很薄弱，而这恰是建构中国特色社会主义民族理论和政策自主知识体系的重要一环。鉴于此，需要从共同体建设的一般性逻辑和中国共产党在中国政治中的核心地位来把握党何以领导中华民族共同体建设，即从需求侧、供给侧和实现机制三个维度分析中国共产党领导中华民族共同体建设的内在机理与实践进路。分析中华民族共同体建设的内在需求，是要回答中国共产党领导中华民族共同体建设何以必需的问题；分析中国共产党作为最高政治力量的权威性及其蕴含的政治势能，是要回答党领导中华民族共同体建设何以可能的问题；分析中华民族共同体建设内在需求和中国共产党政治势能的内在耦合，是要从机制层面回答党领导中华民族共同体建设何以实现的问题。

II. Why Necessary: The Internal Demand of the Construction of the Chinese National Community for Party Leadership

二、何以必需：中华民族共同体建设对党的领导的内在需求

Examining the basic connotation and essential attributes of a thing in a specific social and historical juncture is key to comprehensively understanding it. Understanding the Chinese Communist Party’s leadership in the construction of the Chinese national community requires starting from the connotation of the construction of the Chinese national community and its construction demands, presenting the necessity of the Chinese Communist Party’s leadership in the construction of the Chinese national community. The concept of “community” frequently appears in disciplines such as sociology, political science, and ethnology. In its connotation, it represents a gathering of people with common concerns and expectations. In this gathering, human relationships always exist based on warmth, comfort, safety, and hope. “Unlike all other terms for social organizations (such as state, nation, society, etc.), community seems never to have been used with negative connotations,” [3]3 Zygmunt Bauman, *Community*, translated by Ouyang Jinggen, Jiangsu People’s Publishing House, 2003, p. 4. it places greater emphasis on “direct, common concern.” [4]4 Raymond Williams, *Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society*, translated by Liu Jianji, SDX Joint Publishing Company, 2005, p. 79. When describing the essence of community, Tönnies regarded “mutually affirmative relationships” as the basic attribute of internal relations within a community, believing that “such relationships include people’s mutual support, mutual comfort, mutual fulfillment of obligations, which are transmitted among them and regarded as the external manifestation of human will and its power.” [5]5 Ferdinand Tönnies, *Community and Society*, translated by Lin Rongyuan, The Commercial Press, 1999, pp. 52-53. As a form of social existence, although community presents different forms and meanings in different semantic contexts, it is generally recognized that the consistency and homogeneity of the community are its inherent stipulations. Otherwise, in a group with greater heterogeneity, there would be no such thing or existence of a community. It is precisely the common characteristics, whether subjective or objective, that make the connections between individuals increasingly close and the gathering of people possible, which is the source of community formation. However, the common characteristics related to community are extremely numerous, such as common bloodline, common territory, common culture, common beliefs, common morality, etc. Community construction is to enhance and strengthen these connections, thereby forging a strong sense of identity and belonging to the community among individuals.

在特定的社会历史方位中考察一个事物的基本内涵和本质属性，是全面认识该事物的关键。理解中国共产党领导中华民族共同体建设，需要从中华民族共同体建设的内涵及其建设需求出发，呈现中国共产党领导中华民族共同体建设的必要性。“共同体”概念频繁出现在社会学、政治学和民族学等学科中，在其内涵上表征的是具有共同性关怀和期许的人群聚合。在这个聚合里，人的关系总是基于温情、舒适、安全和希望而存在，“不像所有其他的社会组织的词汇(例如国家、民族、社会等)，共同体似乎从来没有用负面的意涵”，它更强调“直接、共同关怀”81。滕尼斯在描述共同体本质时，将“相互肯定的关系”作为共同体内部关系的基本属性，认为“这样的关系包含了人们的相互扶持、相互慰藉、相互履行义务，他们在彼此之间传递，并且被视作人的意志及其力量的外在表现”。共同体作为一种社会关系的存在，虽然在不同语义下呈现出不同的形式和意涵，但都认可共同体的一致性和同质性是其内在规定性。否则，在一个异质性较大的群体里，也就无所谓或不存在共同体。正是在主观或客观上具有的共同性特征使个体间的联结愈发紧密，人群聚合也才成为可能，这是共同体形成的源泉。但关涉共同体的共同性特征极其繁多，比如共同血缘、共同地域、共同文化、共同信仰、共同道德等。共同体建设就是要增进并强化这些联结，进而铸牢个体对共同体的认同和归属。

To enhance community identity and belonging, it is necessary not only to have the emotions inherited from historical memory but also to guide society to form common values. At the same time, the sustainability of identity and belonging to a community also lies in having a common interest base and taking collective action towards future goals. Specifically for the construction of the Chinese national community, both history and reality prove that the interactions, exchanges, and integration among all ethnic groups are the foundation and prerequisite for promoting the construction of the Chinese national community. However, from the perspective of social practice, there will also be differences among the members of the Chinese national community. A certain degree of difference is understandable; commonality and difference always exist in the process of ethnic development and evolution. But only by “improving ethnic work in the direction of enhancing commonality, achieving a dialectical unity of commonality and difference, and an organic combination of ethnic factors and regional factors, can the Party’s ethnic work in the New Era be done well, meticulously, and solidly.” [6]6 “The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Holds a Fifth Symposium on Work Concerning Ethnic Affairs,” *People’s Daily*, August 29, 2021. The internal structure of the Chinese nation’s diversity and unity, as well as the dialectical unity of commonality and difference, make the construction of the Chinese national community inseparable from the Party, the pillar of strength. The emotional integration of people of all ethnic groups, the construction of shared values, the continuation of common interests, future expectations, and collective action all require Party leadership. This is jointly determined by the Party’s authority and the internal demands of the construction of the Chinese national community.

要增进共同体认同和归属，不仅需要历史记忆传承的情感，还要引导社会形成共同的价值观。同时，对共同体的认同和归属之所以能持续，还在于具有共同的利益基础和对未来目标采取的集体行动。具体到中华民族共同体建设，历史与现实都证明，各民族交往交流交融是推动中华民族共同体建设的基础和前提。然而，从社会实践来看，中华民族共同体的各成员间也会存在差异性，一定限度内的差异性无可厚非，共同性和差异性始终存在于民族发展演变过程中。但只有“按照增进共同性的方向改进民族工作，做到共同性和差异性的辩证统一、民族因素和区域因素的有机结合，才能把新时代党的民族工作做好做细做扎实”。中华民族多元与一体的内在结构以及共同性与差异性的辩证统一，使得中华民族共同体建设离不开中国共产党这个主心骨。各族人民情感融通、共享价值建设、共同利益赓续、未来期许与集体行动需要党的领导，这是由党的权威性和中华民族共同体建设的内在需求共同决定的。

(A) The Emotional Integration of People of All Ethnic Groups Requires Party Organizations to Play an Aggregative Effect

(一)各族人民情感融通需要党组织发挥集聚效应

Emotion is the cornerstone of social group cohesion; shared emotion plays a bonding function in the sustainability of a community. In the process of community formation and development, emotional integration becomes an important bond for social individuals to identify with the community. Especially in the long-term process of interaction, exchange, and integration, “collective memory helps to enhance the identification of the Chinese people with the Chinese nation and further imagination.” [7]7 “一方有难，八方支援” (yī fāng yǒu nàn, bā fāng zhī yuán): A Chinese idiom meaning “when one place is in difficulty, support comes from all directions,” emphasizing mutual aid. Collective historical memory, through the bond of “empathy,” draws individuals into belonging to the community. Proceeding from the social nature of human beings, society is a network of interpersonal relationships, and within this network, emotion becomes the most primordial bond. As a community that represents social relations, emotion becomes an important condition for community formation, and the Chinese national community is no exception. Rousseau pointed out: “The foundation of the community is to be sought in the primordial passions or emotions of human beings, from which can arise bonds more sacred and reliable than any artificial bonds.” [8]8 Jean-Jacques Rousseau, *On the Social Contract* (1762), Book I, Chapter 1. Primordial emotions arise from the mutual dependence of production and life and become the meta-driving force for the sustainable development of the community. Of course, emotional integration is based not only on historical inheritance but also on mutual support in real life; “the conditions for common survival and development include both components of historical emotional memory and components of contemporary achievements and creations.”

情感是社会群体凝聚的基石，一个共同体之所以能持续，共通情感发挥了黏合剂功能。在共同体形成和发展历程中，情感融通成为社会个体认同共同体的重要纽带，尤其是在长期的交往交流交融过程中，“集体记忆有助于增强中华儿女对中华民族的认同和进一步的想象”，集体的历史记忆以“共情”纽带吸纳个体归属于共同体之中。从人的社会性出发，社会就是人与人之间的关系网络，在这个网络中情感成为最原初的纽带。作为一种社会关系表征的共同体，情感成为共同体形成的重要条件，中华民族共同体也不例外。卢梭指出：“共同体的根基要到人原初的激情或情感中去寻找，从这些情感中能产生比任何人为的纽带更加神圣和牢靠的纽带。”原初的情感来自生产生活的相互依赖，成为共同体持续发展的元动力。当然，情感融通不仅基于历史传承，也根植于现实生活的相互支持，“共同生存发展的条件既有历史的情感记忆成分，也有当下的创举成就部分”。

The Chinese national community is precisely formed through the emotional integration of the interaction, exchange, and integration of all ethnic groups on the Chinese land over a long period. Shared emotions have laid the foundation for the unique national characteristics of the Chinese nation, forming emotional dependencies among people of all ethnic groups, such as “when disaster strikes, help comes from all sides,” “unity and mutual assistance,” and “the big family of the Chinese nation,” where no one can be separated from the others. Promoting the building of the Chinese national community means forming a community of interests and emotions in the daily lives of all ethnic groups, where “you have me, I have you, and neither can be separated from the other.” However, the emotional integration of all ethnic groups is not naturally formed; it also requires guidance from the governing主体 of the state. [9]9 “主体” (zhǔtǐ): In Chinese political discourse, this term often refers to the leading or governing subject, here the state or the Party. After the modern mutual construction of nation and state, “the identity of the nation-state is the sole identity of each state.” [10]10 “民族国家的身份是每个国家唯一的身份” (mínzú guójiā de shēnfèn shì měi gè guójiā wéiyī de shēnfèn): A paraphrase of the modern nation-state principle that each state claims a single national identity. The modern nation-state takes the nation’s identification with the state as its cornerstone and represents the state through the national community. Modern state-building “is to construct, within the sovereign territory of the state, a ‘nationalized’ political community in which emotional connections exist between citizens, thereby transcending the various cultural particularities attached to the individual identities of citizens.” [11]11 “国族化” (guózúhuà): “Nationalized” in the sense of forging a single national identity (the *guozu*, or state-nation) within the state’s borders. Since modern times, the building of the Chinese national community has been closely linked to the construction and development of the modern state. In the process of China’s modern state construction and development, when the self-conscious Chinese nation became tightly integrated with the state system, the building of the Chinese national community and national development complemented each other and advanced in the same direction. In the Party’s practice of ethnic work, the most crucial point is to “win people’s hearts”; the foundation for the unity and progress of all ethnic groups is “heart-to-heart exchange”; the concept of “treating others with empathy and exchanging hearts for hearts” is integrated into ethnic education work; and the whole society works together on “exchanging, cultivating, and harmonizing feelings.” All of this requires the leadership role of Party organizations at all levels. Due to differences in regional resource endowments, customs, and levels of economic and social development, “diverse geographical and ecological environments have played an initial role in shaping the differences in ethnicity, society, and culture among populations living in different locations.” [12]12 “多样性的地理生态环境，对生活在不同区位的民族、社会、文化差异性的形成和塑造起到了初始性的作用” (duōyàng xìng de dìlǐ shēngtài huánjìng, duì shēnghuó zài bùtóng qūwèi de mínzú, shèhuì, wénhuà chāyì xìng de xíngchéng hé sùzào qǐ dào le chūshǐ xìng de zuòyòng): A reference to the influence of China’s diverse geography on ethnic and cultural differentiation, a common theme in Chinese ethnology. Communication, interaction, and mutual learning among people of all ethnic groups require the leadership of the Communist Party of China and the work of Party organizations at all levels to resolve the emotional tensions caused by these differences. The leadership of the Communist Party of China, with its transcendent appeal and sense of mission, promotes continuous interaction, exchange, and integration among all ethnic groups, consolidates the common emotional foundation of all ethnic groups, and enhances the sense of pride and honor of being a member of the Chinese nation. The centripetal force of Party organizations gives the Party a strong agglomeration effect in leading the governance of ethnic affairs, especially the agglomeration of “people’s hearts,” which lays the foundation for forging a solid emotional community of the Chinese nation.

中华民族共同体正是由于长久以来中华大地上各民族交往交流交融的情感融通而形成，共有情感奠定了中华民族独特的民族特性，形成了“一方有难，八方支援”“团结互助”“中华民族大家庭”等各族人民相互离不开的情感依赖。推进中华民族共同体建设，就是要在各民族的日常生活中形成“你中有我、我中有你、谁也离不开谁”的利益和情感共同体。然而，各民族的情感融通并不是天然形成的，也需要国家治理主体的引导。当现代意义的民族与国家互构后，“民族国家的身份是每个国家唯一的身份”，现代民族国家以民族认同国家为基石、以民族共同体表征国家。现代国家构建“就是要在国家主权疆域之内，构建出一个公民与公民之间存在情感联系的‘国族化(nationalized)’的政治共同体，从而超越附着在公民个体身份之上的各种文化特殊性”。近代以来，中华民族共同体建设紧紧与现代国家构建和发展联系在一起。在中国现代国家构建和发展进程中，当自觉的中华民族与国家制度紧密结合后，中华民族共同体建设与国家发展相辅相成、同向同行。在党的民族工作实践中，最关键的是“争取人心”，各民族团结进步的基础是“交心”，“将心比心，以心换心”理念融入民族教育工作，全社会一起做“交流、培养、融洽感情”的工作等，都需要党的各级组织发挥领导作用。由于各地区资源禀赋、风俗习惯、经济社会发展水平等的差异，“多样性的地理生态环境，对生活在不同区位的民族、社会、文化差异性的形成和塑造起到了初始性的作用”，各族人民间的沟通交往与交融互鉴需要党的领导和各级党组织开展工作来化解因差异性引起的情感张力。中国共产党的领导以超然的感召力、使命感促进各民族不断交往交流交融，夯实各民族共同情感基础，增强作为中华民族一分子的自豪感和荣誉感。党组织的向心力使得党在领导民族事务治理中具有较强的集聚效应，尤其是对“人心”的集聚为铸牢中华民族情感共同体奠定了基础。

(II) The construction of shared values among all ethnic groups cannot be separated from the leadership of the Party’s faith

(二)各族人民共享价值建设离不开党的信仰引领

A community, as a gathering of people with shared concerns, has consistency in value concepts. Shared values become the basic condition for the survival and development of the community; “homogeneous value ideals prescribe people’s cognition and behavior.” [13]13 “同质性的价值理想对人们的认知和行为加以规定” (tóngzhì xìng de jiàzhí lǐxiǎng duì rénmen de rènzhī hé xíngwéi jiāyǐ guīdìng): A paraphrase of sociological theories on how shared values shape individual cognition and action. Value concepts, as the command system for human action, usually also dominate individuals’ recognition of groups and become a judgment marker for self-belonging. In real life, individuals always belong to a certain group, and individual value concepts also highlight the orientation of specific groups toward social affairs. The identity of individuals and groups in value concepts thus becomes a basic element of community building.

共同体作为共同性关怀的人群聚合，在价值理念上具有一致性。共享价值成为共同体存续和发展的基本条件，“同质性的价值理想对人们的认知和行为加以规定”。价值观念作为人行动的指挥系统，通常也支配着个体对群体的体认，成为自我归属的一种判断标识。在现实生活中，个体总是属于某一群体，个体的价值观念也凸显着特定群体对社会事务的取向，个体与群体在价值观念上的同一性也就成为共同体建设的基本要素。

The building of the Chinese national community requires promoting the sharing of value concepts among all ethnic groups, which is embodied in constructing a complete set of behavioral norms and ethics that all ethnic groups have in common. However, there currently exist some cognitive and practical tensions regarding the building of the Chinese national community, “all indicating that our country’s ethnic work under the new situation not only involves intense theoretical disputes but also biases in social cognition.” [14]14 “都昭示着我国新形势下的民族工作不仅存在激烈的理论纷争，而且存在社会认知的偏颇” (dōu zhāoshì zhe wǒ guó xīn xíngshì xià de mínzú gōngzuò bùjǐn cúnzài jīliè de lǐlùn fēnzhēng, érqiě cúnzài shèhuì rènzhī de piānpō): A reference to contemporary debates in Chinese ethnic policy, particularly around the concept of “铸牢中华民族共同体意识” (forging a sense of community for the Chinese nation). To clarify some cognitions that interfere with the high-quality development of ethnic work and to form consensus value concepts, the leadership role of the Party must be brought into play. The leadership of the Communist Party of China is the most essential characteristic of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Adhering to the Party’s leadership in building the Chinese national community is an inherent requirement of the correct path for solving ethnic problems with Chinese characteristics. Value concepts provide fundamental guidance for community building, directly concerning the direction in which the community moves and the path it follows. From the perspective of the inheritance of historical paths, shared value concepts formed in Chinese history, such as “great unity,” “harmonious coexistence,” “the world is for all,” and “family-nation sentiment,” are important value concepts that unite the big family of the Chinese nation and have taken root in the ethical values of all ethnic groups. However, such value concepts do not automatically become the value norms for interaction among all ethnic groups; in actual production and life, some heterogeneous factors always interfere with the formation of shared values.

中华民族共同体建设需要推进各民族在价值观念上的共享，体现为构建一整套各民族具有共识的行为规范和伦理道德。然而，当前存在一些对中华民族共同体建设的认知和实践张力“都昭示着我国新形势下的民族工作不仅存在激烈的理论纷争，而且存在社会认知的偏颇”，要廓清一些干扰民族工作高质量发展的认知，形成共识性价值理念，这需要发挥党的领导作用。中国共产党的领导是中国特色社会主义最本质的特征，坚持党领导中华民族共同体建设是中国特色解决民族问题正确道路的题中应有之义。价值观念对共同体建设具有根本性指引，直接关涉共同体朝什么方向走、遵循什么道路的问题。从历史路径的承袭性看，中国历史上形成的“大一统”“和合共生”“天下为公”“家国情怀”等共享价值观念是凝聚中华民族大家庭的重要价值理念，已经扎根于各族人民的伦理价值中。但这样的价值理念并不必然就成为各族人民交往的价值准则，在实际的生产生活中一些异质性因素总会干扰共享价值的形成。

The Party leads the construction of shared values among all ethnic groups, infuses the historically inherited shared value concepts into the interactions of all ethnic groups, consolidates consensus on action in production and life, solidifies the foundation for inheriting fine traditional Chinese culture, and realizes the creative transformation and innovative development of fine traditional Chinese culture. “The core socialist values determine the development direction of the common spiritual home of all ethnic groups; they must be vigorously cultivated and practiced throughout society and among all ethnic groups.” [15]15 “社会主义核心价值观决定着各民族共有精神家园的发展方向，一定要在全社会、在各民族中大力培育和践行” (shèhuì zhǔyì héxīn jiàzhíguān juédìng zhe gè mínzú gòngyǒu jīngshén jiāyuán de fāzhǎn fāngxiàng, yīdìng yào zài quán shèhuì, zài gè mínzú zhōng dàlì péiyù hé jiànxíng): A direct quotation On the one hand, the Party’s leadership of the people in realizing the leap from standing up, becoming prosperous, to becoming strong shows that the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation requires resisting various ideological risks and hidden dangers, which is inseparable from using the core socialist values to guide the building of the Chinese national community. Therefore, only by firmly grasping the Party’s leadership over ideological work and cultivating and practicing the core socialist values can we prevent and resolve various risks and hidden dangers in the ethnic field and build a strong fortress for the shared value purpose of all ethnic groups. On the other hand, in the face of changes unseen in a century in the world, the surge of various ideological trends has brought many troubles to the construction of shared values. The sharing of value concepts is a basic condition for promoting interaction, exchange, and integration among all ethnic groups and boosting the building of the Chinese national community; “the social foundation of the resilience of Chinese civilization lies in the interaction, exchange, and integration of all ethnic groups.” [16]16 Karl Marx and Frederick Engels, *The German Ideology* (1845-1846), in *Marx & Engels Collected Works*, Vol. 5 (Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1976), p. 41. Bringing the Party’s leadership role into play means using the Party’s integrating function to effectively bridge the tensions in social value concepts caused by various ideological trends, forming a value community with Chinese national characteristics that conforms to the historical orientation of the Chinese nation’s development, jointly building shared value concepts that promote the building of the Chinese national community, and consolidating the foundation of the common spiritual home of all ethnic groups. In the New Era, it is necessary to further bring into play the Party’s function of leading the construction of shared values among all ethnic groups, cultivate public value concepts for the interaction and inter-embedding of all ethnic groups, educate and guide cadres and the masses in practice to establish correct views of the state, history, ethnicity, culture, and religion, and forge the shared values of the Chinese national community.

党领导各族人民共享价值建设，将历史承袭的共享价值理念浸润到各民族交往中，凝聚生产生活中的行动共识，筑牢传承中华优秀传统文化根基，实现中华优秀传统文化的创造性转化和创新性发展。“社会主义核心价值观决定着各民族共有精神家园的发展方向，一定要在全社会、在各民族中大力培育和践行。”一方面，党领导人民实现从站起来、富起来到强起来的历程表明，中华民族伟大复兴需要抵御各种意识形态风险隐患，这就离不开社会主义核心价值观来引导中华民族共同体建设。因此，牢牢掌握党对意识形态工作的领导权，培育和践行社会主义核心价值观，才能防范化解民族领域的各种风险隐患，建立各民族共享价值旨归的坚强堡垒。另一方面，面对世界百年未有之大变局，各种思潮涌动给共享价值构建带来诸多困扰。价值观念的共享性是促进各民族交往交流交融和助推中华民族共同体建设的基本条件，“中华文明韧性的社会基础在于各民族的交往交流交融”。发挥党的领导作用，就是要运用党的整合功能有效弥合各种思潮引起的社会价值理念张力，形成具有中华民族特性的、符合中华民族发展历史方位的价值共同体，共筑推进中华民族共同体建设的共享价值理念，夯实中华民族共有精神家园基础。新时代，需要进一步发挥党领导各族人民共享价值建设的功能，培育各民族交往互嵌的公共价值理念，在实践中教育引导各族干部群众树立正确的国家观、历史观、民族观、文化观、宗教观，铸牢中华民族共同体的共享价值。

(III) The continuation of common interests among all ethnic groups depends on the Party’s integrating function

(三)各族人民共同利益赓续依赖于党的整合功能

Interests originate from humans’ instinctual needs and are the basic driving force for the advancement of human society. Marx pointed out: “The first premise of all human existence, and therefore of all history, is that men must be in a position to live in order to ‘make history.’ But in order to live, first of all food, drink, shelter, and clothing, and some other things are necessary.” [16]16 Karl Marx and Frederick Engels, *The German Ideology* (1845-1846), in *Marx & Engels Collected Works*, Vol. 5 (Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1976), p. 41. Thus, need is a necessity of human existence itself; human survival presupposes the satisfaction of various needs, and needs must be obtained from society. At the same time, human needs are not naturally generated; the content of needs is a subjective construction on an objective basis, the mode of realizing needs is social, and the path of realizing needs is precisely the process of forming social relations. For any person, needs are essentially the active reflection of human physiology and psychology on society. It is in this sense that need becomes the basic premise for the constitution of social relations. In order to obtain material and spiritual needs, people also construct social relations in various forms, and obtaining the social content people need through specific social relations is precisely the interests people pursue.

利益起源于人类的本能需要，是推动人类社会向前发展的基本动力。马克思指出：“一切人类生存的第一个前提，也就是一切历史的第一个前提，这个前提就是：人们为了‘创造历史’，必须能够生活。但为了生活，首先就需要吃穿住以及其他一些东西。”由此可见，需要是人类自身存在的必然性，人的存续以满足各种需要为前提，而需要必然取之于社会。同时，人的需要并不是自然生成的，需要的内容是客观基础上的主观建构，需要的实现方式具有社会性，需要的实现路径也就是社会关系形成的过程。对任何人而言，需要本质上是人们生理和心理对社会的能动反映。正是在这个意义上，需要成为社会关系构成的基本前提。人们为了获得物质和精神需要，社会关系也被构造成多种样态，而通过特定社会关系获得人们所需要的社会内容，就是人们追求的利益。

Interests are subjective demands based on the objective; each specific interest possesses both the subjectivity of the demand for realization and the sociality of the path of realization. As Marx stated: “Interest itself is already socially determined interest, and can only be attained under the conditions created by society and using the means provided by society.” [17]17 Karl Marx, *Grundrisse der Kritik der Politischen Ökonomie* (1857-1858), in *Marx & Engels Collected Works*, Vol. 28 (Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1986), p. 95. It is precisely this duality of interest that makes it necessary for social individuals to rely on some kind of social relation to realize their own needs. Social members, as members of a community, contribute to the realization of common interests and share in their fruits; “only by transcending the limitations of self-interest and proceeding from the perspective of a social aggregate or community can an individual’s value pursuit establish a community of shared future.” [18]18 Source not identified in the original text; likely a paraphrase of a contemporary Chinese scholarly argument. On the one hand, subjective needs cannot be separated from the social context in which the interest subject is situated; the needs of a specific interest subject can only manifest as specific interests within specific social relations. On the other hand, interest demands can only be satisfied after the interest subject takes actions consistent with their own social identity. China is a unified multi-ethnic country; the realization of the interests of each ethnic group depends on the larger family of the Chinese national community. The Chinese nation, as the “nation-state nation” [19]19 “Nation-state nation” (国族) refers to the Chinese nation (中华民族) as the overarching national identity encompassing all 56 officially recognized ethnic groups within the modern Chinese state. of modern China, is a community of interests formed by all ethnic groups in the course of historical development. Only by jointly safeguarding national security and social stability can all ethnic groups lay the foundation for perpetuating the common interests of the Chinese nation, and only then can the specific interests of each ethnic group be realized. Promoting the building of the Chinese national community means perpetuating the common interests of all ethnic groups from the level of the larger family of the Chinese nation, thereby providing the possibility and guarantee for the realization of the specific interests of each ethnic group.

利益是客观之上的主观需求，每个具体利益都具有实现要求的主体性和实现路径的社会性。正如马克思所言：“利益本身已经是社会所决定的利益，而且只有在社会所创造的条件下并使用社会所提供的手段，才能达到。”正是利益的这种二重性，使得社会个体必然要依托某种社会关系来实现自身需求。社会成员以共同体成员身份助力共同利益实现，并分享其成果，“个体的价值追求只有超越自身利益的局限，从社会集合体或共同体角度出发才能建立起命运共同体”。一方面，主观需求离不开利益主体所处的社会场景，特定利益主体的需求只有在特定的社会关系中才能表现为具体利益；另一方面，利益主体只有付诸符合自身社会身份的行动后，利益需求才会得以满足。中国是一个统一的多民族国家，各民族自身利益的实现依赖于中华民族共同体大家庭。中华民族作为中华现代国家的“国族”，是各民族在历史发展中形成的利益共同体。各民族只有共同维护好国家安全和社会稳定，才能为赓续中华民族共同利益奠定基础，也才能实现各民族具体利益。推进中华民族共同体建设，就是要从中华民族大家庭层面赓续各民族共同利益，为各民族自身利益的实现提供可能和保障。

However, the contradiction between the people’s ever-growing needs for a better life and unbalanced and inadequate development hinders the perpetuation of the common interests of the Chinese nation. From a practical perspective, border ethnic regions are precisely the key areas where development is unbalanced and inadequate. How to bridge the tension between the interests of each ethnic group and the reality of development—that is, perpetuating common interests—becomes an important aspect of promoting the building of the Chinese national community. The Communist Party of China adheres to a people-centered development philosophy, leverages the Party’s integrative function, and, proceeding from the overall interests of the Chinese nation, provides broad space for the realization of the specific interests of people of all ethnic groups through a series of strategic deployments, institutional designs, policy formulations, and legal enactments. “The realization of the rights and interests of China’s various ethnic groups does not depend on their own demands, but on the enhancement of the overall interests of the Chinese nation and the growth of inter-ethnic common interests.” [20]20 Source not identified in the original text; likely a paraphrase of a contemporary Chinese scholarly argument. Building the Chinese national community means perpetuating common interests as a whole and consolidating the material foundation for the construction of the Chinese national community. This systematic project can only be realized by leveraging the Party’s integrative function; only the Party’s leadership can achieve an all-round linkage of interest integration and interest perpetuation, realizing the effect of maximizing interests vertically to the bottom and horizontally to the edges.

然而，人民日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾有碍中华民族共同利益的赓续。从现实来看，边疆民族地区正是发展不平衡不充分的重点区域，如何弥合各民族利益与发展实际的张力，也即赓续共同利益就成为推进中华民族共同体建设的重要方面。中国共产党坚持以人民为中心的发展理念，发挥党的整合功能，从中华民族整体利益出发，通过一系列战略部署、制度设计、政策制定、法律创制等为各族人民具体利益的实现提供了广阔空间。“中华各民族权益之实现，并不取决于自我之诉求，而是取决于中华民族整体利益的增进和族际共同利益的增长”，中华民族共同体建设就是要从整体上赓续共同利益，夯实中华民族共同体建设的物质基础。这一系统工程只有发挥党的整合功能才能实现，只有党的领导才能实现利益整合和利益赓续的全方位联动，实现纵向到底、横向到边的利益最大化效果。

(4) The Future Expectations of People of All Ethnic Groups and Collective Action Are Unified in the Party’s Original Aspiration and Founding Mission

(四)各族人民未来期许与集体行动统一于党的初心使命

If common interests are the prerequisite for impelling individuals toward a community, then how to transform common interests into tangible target expectations for individuals is the sustainable driving force of the community. However, the target expectations of a community will not be realized automatically; they require collective action to be achieved. Target expectations are a kind of community consensus, while collective action is the necessary path to transform community consensus into real interests. Without target expectations and collective action, a community is like a castle in the air, unable to form a substantive entity of shared destiny in reality. Target expectations, as a directional guide for the community, are the driving force for pursuing ideals, beliefs, and future interests; collective action is the process set of achieving target expectations, realizing ideals, and distributing interests. Common target expectations depend on collective action, and collective action creates conditions for new target expectations. It is this interdependence that constitutes the cornerstone of a community’s existence and sustainable development. A community without target expectations cannot form the centripetal force for individuals to belong to a group, and if target expectations cannot be transformed into collective action, the community cannot form cohesion among individuals with diverse interests. Target expectations, as a common interest orientation of the community, draw individuals into the group; “it is precisely the existence of common interests, having a common interest goal, that enables people to gather together, unite together, and take collective action together for common interests.” [21]21 Source not identified in the original text; likely a paraphrase of a contemporary Chinese scholarly argument. However, in real life, the diversification of individual interests leads to differences in target expectations, which has become the norm. Differences in target expectations naturally make it difficult to promote collective action, and this is a dilemma faced by community building. The building of the Chinese national community is no exception. Due to differences in geographical location, resource endowments, infrastructure, customs and habits, etc., there are tensions between different regions and different ethnic groups regarding some specific interests. This requires the Party to adhere to its original aspiration and founding mission, always take the fundamental interests of the Chinese nation as the starting point for undertaking work and starting undertakings, and integrate the various specific interests in the economy and society, in order to promote common target expectations and collective action. The CPC’s leadership of all members of the Chinese national family in working together in unity and striving for common prosperity and development thus becomes an inherent requirement of the Party’s work on ethnic affairs in the New Era.

如果说共同利益是助推个体走向共同体的前提，那么如何将共同利益转化为个体可触摸的目标期许，则是共同体可持续的动力。然而，共同体的目标期许并不会自动实现，需要付诸集体行动才能达成。目标期许是一种共同体共识，集体行动则是将共同体共识转化为现实利益的必要途径。如果缺少了目标期许和集体行动，共同体犹如空中楼阁，无法在现实中形成命运与共的实体。目标期许作为共同体的一种方向指引，它是追求理想信念和未来利益的驱动力；集体行动则是达成目标期许、实现理想和分配利益的过程集合。共同的目标期许依赖集体行动，集体行动为新的目标期许创造条件。正是这种依存性构成了共同体存在和可持续发展的基石。一个没有目标期许的共同体无法形成个体归属群体的向心力，而不能将目标期许转化为集体行动，共同体也不可能在利益多元化的个体之间形成凝聚力。目标期许作为共同体的一种共同利益取向，它将个体吸纳到群体中，“正是共同利益的存在，有着共同的利益目标，人们才能够聚集在一起，团结在一起，一起为了共同利益而采取集体行动”。然而，现实生活中个体利益的多元化导致目标期许存在差异已成为常态。目标期许的差异性当然也就很难促成集体行动，这是共同体建设面临的一个困境。中华民族共同体建设也不例外，由于地理区位、资源禀赋、基础设施、风俗习惯等的差异性，各地区、各族人民之间在一些具体利益上存在张力。这就需要党坚守初心使命，始终以中华民族根本利益作为干事创业的出发点，整合经济社会中的各项具体利益，才能促成共同的目标期许和集体行动。中国共产党领导中华民族大家庭成员共同团结奋斗、共同繁荣发展也就成为新时代党加强和改进民族工作的题中应有之义。

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “We must make promoting the joint struggle of all ethnic groups for the comprehensive construction of a modern socialist country an important task of the Party’s ethnic work in the New Era, and promote all ethnic groups to keep pace with the times, work together in unity, and strive for common prosperity and development.” [22]22 Xi Jinping, speech at the Central Conference on Ethnic Work, August 27-28, 2021. See *Qiushi* (求是), 2022, no. 3. This indicates that on the path toward a strong modern socialist country, the CPC is the core that leads people of all ethnic groups in joint action, joint struggle in unity, and common prosperity and development, and is also the “helmsman” and “organizer” for achieving the established goals. On the journey of realizing Chinese-path modernization, the strong leadership of the Party is the reliable “coordinator” that integrates the specific interests between regions and between ethnic groups, as well as the overall interests of the state and the common interests of the Chinese nation. It is precisely under the Party’s leadership, proceeding from the common interests of the Chinese nation, that a more solid community of shared destiny with interdependence among all ethnic groups can be built. The behavioral expectations of a community “imply the direction, line, and practical will of collective action, as well as the responsibility and commitment of members; they are the dynamic part of community consciousness.” [23]23 Source not identified in the original text; likely a paraphrase of a contemporary Chinese scholarly argument. The process by which the CPC unites and leads people of all ethnic groups to jointly achieve the goal of a strong modern socialist country is precisely a process of putting the common expectations of all ethnic groups into practice, thereby strengthening the emotional recognition and interest realization of the Chinese national community. “The relations formed by humans in the practice of material production are the most fundamental, most vital, and most cohesive connections between people.” [24]24 Source not identified in the original text; likely a paraphrase of a contemporary Chinese scholarly argument. The building of the Chinese national community is rooted in the common expectations of people of all ethnic groups and in the practice of the Party leading people of all ethnic groups in taking collective action to achieve common goals on schedule.

习近平总书记指出：“必须把推动各民族为全面建设社会主义现代化国家共同奋斗作为新时代党的民族工作的重要任务，促进各民族紧跟时代步伐，共同团结奋斗、共同繁荣发展。”这表明在迈向社会主义现代化强国的道路上，中国共产党是领导各族人民共同行动、共同团结奋斗、共同繁荣发展的核心，也是实现既定目标的“掌舵者”“组织者”。在实现中国式现代化征程中，党的坚强领导是整合各地区之间、各民族之间具体利益，以及国家整体利益和中华民族共同利益的可靠“协调者”。正是在党的领导下从中华民族共同利益着眼，才能建成各民族相互依存的、更加牢固的命运共同体。共同体的行为期许“意味着集体行动的方向路线与实践意志，以及成员的责任担当，是共同体意识中具有能动性的部分”。中国共产党团结带领各族人民共同实现社会主义现代化强国目标的历程，就是将各民族共同期许付诸实践，进而强化中华民族共同体的情感体认和利益实现的过程。“人类在物质资料生产实践中结成的关系才是人与人之间最为根本、最具有生命力和黏合力的联系”，中华民族共同体建设根植于各族人民的共同期许和党领导各族人民采取集体行动如期实现共同目标的实践之中。

3. How Is It Possible: The Party’s Political Potential Energy Provides Powerful Strength for Building the Chinese National Community

三、何以可能：党的政治势能为中华民族共同体建设提供强大力量

The general logic of community construction demonstrates the internal need for CPC leadership in the construction of the Chinese national community. However, the extent to which the CPC can effectively lead the construction of the Chinese national community must also be answered from the “supply” side: “Why is the Party capable?” The fundamental reason why the CPC is capable of leading the construction of the Chinese national community lies in the “potential energy” [25]25 “Political potential energy” (政治势能) is a concept developed by Chinese political scientists He Donghang and Kong Fanbin to describe the concentrated political authority and mobilizational capacity of the CPC, which enables it to prioritize and drive policy implementation across state and society. inherent in the Party itself. So-called potential energy, in physics, refers to the energy stored within a material system, which can be released or converted into other forms of energy through interaction. When this concept is transplanted into management science and political science, it is used to explain the logic of “political factors embedded in public policy implementation” and “the transformation of institutional advantages into governance effectiveness.” A representative example is the concept of “political potential energy” proposed by He Donghang and Kong Fanbin. This localized concept is “the political expression of the CPC’s core ideas,” highlighting the Party’s central position in national political life. This “potential energy” of the CPC has exerted different political functions in different historical periods. “Helping the Party consolidate ideology and combat effectiveness, seizing political power through powerful ideology and effective organizational mobilization,” and “unifying will and driving policy implementation in the historical processes of revolution, construction, and reform” all indicate that the Party’s “potential energy” has achieved dominant governance over the state and society. The CPC’s leadership in the construction of the Chinese national community is realized by releasing the Party’s political energy and transforming the Party’s political potential energy into the actual effectiveness of constructing the Chinese national community. This article uses “potential energy” to explain the “presence of Party leadership” in the process of constructing the Chinese national community, which also has explanatory power. Therefore, taking “potential energy” as the core concept and employing the analytical framework of “political potential energy” [25]25 “Political potential energy” (政治势能) is a concept developed by Chinese political scientists He Donghang and Kong Fanbin to describe the concentrated political authority and mobilizational capacity of the CPC, which enables it to prioritize and drive policy implementation across state and society., the potential energy of the Party’s leadership in constructing the Chinese national community is summarized as value-based potential energy, institutionalized potential energy, organizational potential energy, and identity-based potential energy. Through the analysis of political potential energy, this article reveals, from the supply side, how the Party’s leadership in constructing the Chinese national community is possible.

从共同体建设的一般性逻辑论证了中华民族共同体建设对中国共产党领导的内在需求。然而，中国共产党在多大程度上能够有效领导中华民族共同体建设，还要从“供给”层面回答“党为什么能”的问题。中国共产党为什么能领导中华民族共同体建设，根本上是中国共产党自身所具备的“势能”所然。所谓势能，在物理学上是指物质系统内储存的能量，这种能量在相互作用中可以释放或转化为其他形式的能量。这一概念被移植到管理学、政治学后，用于解释“公共政策执行中蕴含的政治因素”“制度优势向治理效能转化”的逻辑。较具代表性的是贺东航和孔繁斌提出的“政治势能”概念，这一本土化概念是“中国共产党核心理念的政治表达”，凸显了中国共产党在国家政治生活中的核心地位。中国共产党的这种“势能”在不同历史时期发挥出不同的政治功能。“帮助党凝聚思想和战斗力，以强大的意识形态、有效的组织动员取得政权”，以及“在革命、建设和改革的历史进程中统一意志、推动决策执行”等都表明党的“势能”实现了对国家和社会的支配性治理。中国共产党领导中华民族共同体建设就是通过释放党的政治能量，将党蕴含的政治势能转化为中华民族共同体建设的实际效能。本文用“势能”来阐释中华民族共同体建设进程中“党的领导在场”同样具有解释力。因此，以“势能”为核心概念，运用“政治势能”的分析理路①，将党领导中华民族共同体建设的势能归纳为价值性势能、制度化势能、组织性势能和身份性势能。通过对政治势能的分析，从供给层面揭示党领导中华民族共同体建设何以可能。

(I) The Party’s Value-Based Potential Energy Helps Strengthen Ideological Mobilization for the Construction of the Chinese National Community

(一)党的价值性势能有助于加强中华民族共同体建设的思想动员

The Party’s value-based potential energy refers to the Party’s leadership of social consciousness through value-based factors such as ideology, theory, belief, and education, thereby enhancing the public’s attention to and identification with a particular national affair from a spiritual level. In China’s political context, this is often expressed through phrases such as “central work,” “the great affairs of the state,” “emphasizing politics,” “proceeding from the overall situation,” and “maintaining a high political stance,” which convey clear political intentions, enhance public political cognition in political propaganda, and shape specific political consciousness. In the New Era, the Party’s ethnic work takes forging a sense of community for the Chinese nation as its main line. The Party leads people of all ethnic groups to recognize the Chinese national community through ideological and political education, thereby consolidating the common spiritual home of the Chinese nation. Value guidance is an important method for the Party to strengthen and improve ethnic work: on the one hand, the Party, through its timely theoretical innovation on ethnic work, summarizes the development laws of ethnic work in different historical periods, providing action guidelines for ethnic work practice in the New Era; on the other hand, the Party, through propaganda and education, gradually transmits its ideological theories from within the Party organization to people of all ethnic groups across the country, unifying thought and building consensus for the governance of ethnic affairs.

党的价值性势能是指党通过思想、理论、信仰、教育等价值性因素领导社会意识，从心灵上提升公众对某一国家事务的关注和认同。在我国政治语境中，通常以“中心工作”“国之大者”“讲政治”“从大局出发”“站位要高”等话语来表达，传递明确的政治意图，在政治宣传中提升公众政治认知，塑造特定政治意识。新时代党的民族工作以铸牢中华民族共同体意识为主线，党通过思想政治教育领导各民族体认中华民族共同体，进而夯实中华民族共有精神家园。价值引领是党加强和改进民族工作的重要方法：一方面，党通过与时俱进的民族理论创新及时总结民族工作在不同历史时空下的发展规律，为新时代的民族工作实践提供行动指南；另一方面，党通过宣传性教育将党的思想理论从党组织内部逐渐传递到全国各族人民，为民族事务治理统一思想和凝聚共识。

First, the value concepts of the Party’s ethnic work are centrally embodied in the innovative development of the Party’s ethnic theory, thereby indicating to people of all ethnic groups the guiding ideology, political propositions, and struggle goals. The CPC has always attached importance to theoretical exploration in ethnic work, providing action guidelines for the conduct of ethnic work and the governance of ethnic affairs under different historical conditions. Looking back on the Party’s century-long struggle, the fundamental reason for the major achievements in the Party’s ethnic work is that in each specific period, it was guided by a Marxist ethnic theory that conformed to historical reality and was adapted to the times, pointing out the goal of building the big family of the Chinese nation for people of all ethnic groups. Since reform and opening up, especially since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the CPC has emphasized concepts such as the big family of the Chinese nation, the Chinese national community, and forging a sense of community for the Chinese nation, forming Xi Jinping’s important thought on strengthening and improving ethnic work. This important thought is broadly summarized as the “Twelve Musts” [26]26 The “Twelve Musts” (十二个必须) refers to the twelve key principles of Xi Jinping’s important thought on strengthening and improving ethnic work, as outlined at the 2021 Central Conference on Ethnic Work., systematically answering major questions such as “how to view,” “how to act,” “what flag to hold,” and “what path to take” in the Party’s ethnic work in the New Era. The value-based potential energy contained in the Party’s ethnic theory lies in transmitting clear political signals and pointing out the direction of struggle for the construction of the Chinese national community.

其一，党的民族工作的价值理念集中体现为党的民族理论创新发展，从而向各族人民表明指导思想、政治主张和奋斗目标。中国共产党历来重视民族工作理论探索，在不同历史条件下为民族工作开展和民族事务治理提供行动指南。回顾党的百年奋斗历程，党的民族工作之所以取得重大成就，最根本的就是在每个特定时期都具有符合历史实际的、时代化的马克思主义民族理论为指导，为全国各族人民指明了中华民族大家庭建设的目标。改革开放特别是党的十八大以来，中国共产党强调中华民族大家庭、中华民族共同体、铸牢中华民族共同体意识等理念，形成了习近平总书记关于加强和改进民族工作的重要思想。这一重要思想集中概括为“十二个必须”，系统回答了新时代党的民族工作“怎么看”“怎么办”“举什么旗”“走什么路”等重大问题。党的民族理论蕴含的价值性势能就在于传递明确的政治信号，为中华民族共同体建设指明奋斗方向。

Second, the propaganda and education of the Party’s ethnic work theory provides ideological mobilization and fosters a favorable public opinion atmosphere for the construction of the Chinese national community. The construction of the Chinese national community requires the joint participation of people of all ethnic groups. The prerequisite for the all-round embeddedness of all ethnic groups is the formation of a willingness to interact. The Party’s value-based potential energy lies in building consensus ideologically, conducting value-based output through propaganda and education, enabling people of all ethnic groups to recognize the great significance and far-reaching impact of jointly building the Chinese national community, and creating a favorable social atmosphere for advancing community construction. For example, the Party’s propaganda and guidance on the concept of the Chinese national community, through the explanation of the “Five Commonalities,” the “Four Shares,” the “Four Necessities,” the “Four Pairs of Relationships,” and the “Five Identifications” [27]27 These are numbered slogans used in CPC ethnic work propaganda: “Five Commonalities” (五个共同, shared history, territory, culture, values, and destiny), “Four Shares” (四个与共, sharing honor, disgrace, life, and death), “Four Necessities” (四个必然, the necessity of forging a sense of community for the Chinese nation), “Four Pairs of Relationships” (四对关系, e.g., between unity and diversity), and “Five Identifications” (五个认同, identification with the great motherland, the Chinese nation, Chinese culture, the CPC, and socialism with Chinese characteristics)., enhances the whole society’s understanding of the Party’s ethnic work, enabling people of all ethnic groups to fully recognize the extreme importance of forging a sense of community for the Chinese nation for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. This provides strong ideological mobilization for people of all ethnic groups to participate in the construction of the Chinese national community and creates a favorable public opinion atmosphere for comprehensively advancing the construction of a community with a shared future for the Chinese nation.

其二，党的民族工作理论的宣传教育为中华民族共同体建设提供思想动员和营造良好社会舆论氛围。中华民族共同体建设需要各族人民的共同参与，各民族全方位嵌入的前提是形成交往的意愿。党的价值性势能就在于从思想上凝聚共识，通过宣传教育进行价值性输出，让各族人民认识到共建中华民族共同体的重大意义和深远影响，为推进共同体建设营造良好社会氛围。比如，党对中华民族共同体理念的宣传引导，通过宣传阐释“五个共同”“四个与共”“四个必然”“四对关系”“五个认同”等来提升全社会对党的民族工作的认识，使各族人民充分认识铸牢中华民族共同体意识对中华民族伟大复兴的极端重要性。这就为各族人民参与中华民族共同体建设提供了强有力的思想动员，为全方位推进中华民族命运共同体建设创造良好的社会舆论氛围。

(II) The Party’s Institutionalized Potential Energy Facilitates the High-Level Advancement of the Construction of the Chinese National Community

(二)党的制度化势能助力于中华民族共同体建设高位推进

The Party’s institutionalized potential energy refers to the Party’s empowerment of its overall leadership and elevation of the political rank of a particular affair through institutional elements and institutionalized methods. Institutional construction is an important way to enhance the effectiveness of national governance. If a specific affair is elevated to the institutional level, it fully demonstrates its importance in national governance. It is particularly important to emphasize here that the “institutionalization” referred to by institutionalized potential energy does not necessarily mean formal institutions for specific matters, but rather highlights the introduction of institutional elements into national affairs. The Party Central Committee usually emphasizes and deploys major matters with high frequency in numerous policy documents and political reports, thereby strengthening the whole society’s attention to such matters. At the national level, these matters are advanced at a high level through policy documents such as “plans,” “decisions,” and “notices.” From the historical juncture of the Chinese nation, advancing the construction of the Chinese national community is an inevitable requirement for realizing Chinese-path modernization. This requires the Party to use the “institutionalization” of ethnic work to advance the specific matter of constructing the Chinese national community at a high level, creating a strong atmosphere of whole-society participation.

党的制度化势能是指党通过制度性元素、制度化方式赋能党的全面领导和提升某一事务的政治位阶。制度建设是提升国家治理效能的重要方式，一项具体事务如果上升到制度化层面，则充分彰显其在国家治理中的重要性。在此需要特别强调的是，制度化势能所指的“制度化”并不一定是具体事项的正式制度，而是突出制度性元素在国家事务中的引入。党中央针对一些重大事项通常是在众多的政策文件、政治报告中高频强调和部署，进而强化全社会对该事项的关注，国家层面通过“规划”“决定”“通知”等政策文件形式高位推进。从中华民族所处的历史方位来看，推进中华民族共同体建设是实现中国式现代化发展的必然要求。这需要党通过民族工作的“制度化”，将中华民族共同体建设这一具体事项进行高位推进，营造出全社会共同参与的浓厚氛围。

In the New Era, the Party’s ethnic work inherently contains an institutional potential energy, and it is precisely this institutional potential energy that advances the construction of the Chinese national community in depth. Against the backdrop of the rise of the third wave of nationalism in the world, the Party convened the first Central Conference on Ethnic Work in 1992, analyzed the situation of ethnic work at that time, and determined the major policies for China’s ethnic work in the 1990s. Of particular importance was the establishment of the precedent of using the “Central Conference on Ethnic Work” to set the guiding principles and major decisions for the Party’s ethnic work in different historical stages of China, which became a key historical node for transforming the Party’s institutional potential energy into the effectiveness of the Party’s ethnic work. [28]28 The third wave of nationalism refers to the resurgence of nationalist movements globally after the end of the Cold War, particularly in the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, which posed challenges to multi-ethnic states. Subsequent Central Conferences on Ethnic Work made numerous decisions and deployments in response to the situation facing ethnic work at the time, and the Party further promoted the transformation of these major decisions into ethnic work documents or laws and regulations at the national and local levels through corresponding procedures. For example, the 2014 Central Conference on Ethnic Work proposed consolidating the ideological foundation of the Chinese national community; thereafter, the concept of the Chinese national community was continuously highlighted in relevant Party and state documents and conferences. In 2017, “forging a sense of community for the Chinese nation” was written into the *Constitution of the Communist Party of China* as revised at the 19th National Congress. In March 2018, the constitutional amendment formally included the “Chinese nation” in the Constitution. In October 2019, the General Office of the CPC Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council issued an important document titled *Opinions on Comprehensively and Deeply Carrying out the Work of Creating Ethnic Unity and Progress and Forging a Sense of Community for the Chinese Nation*, which includes the phrase “Chinese national community” in its title. The 2021 Central Conference on Ethnic Work explicitly designated forging a sense of community for the Chinese nation as the main line of the Party’s ethnic work in the New Era. The 2022 revision of the *Organic Law of the Local People’s Congresses and Local People’s Governments of the People’s Republic of China* established “forging a sense of community for the Chinese nation” as one of the functions and powers of local people’s congresses and people’s governments at and above the county level, as well as people’s congresses and people’s governments of townships, nationality townships, and towns. It can be seen that the Party continuously transforms institutional potential energy into the practice of building the Chinese national community, advancing it from the high level of the Party Central Committee and the state, achieving a comprehensive mobilization from top to bottom and across all sectors, and effectively promoting the in-depth development of the construction of the Chinese national community.

新时代党的民族工作本身就蕴含制度化势能，正是这种制度化势能推进中华民族共同体建设向纵深发展。在第三次世界民族主义浪潮兴起背景下，党在1992年召开了第一次中央民族工作会议，分析了当时民族工作的形势，确定了20世纪90年代我国民族工作的大政方针。尤为重要的是开创了以“中央民族工作会议”的方式确立我国不同历史阶段党的民族工作的指导原则与重大决策部署的先例，成为党的制度化势能转化为党的民族工作效能的重要历史节点。此后历次中央民族工作会议针对当时民族工作面临的形势作出众多决策部署，党进一步推动这些重大决策通过相应程序转化成国家层面、地方层面的民族工作文件或法律法规。比如，2014年召开的中央民族工作会议提出了坚持打牢中华民族共同体的思想基础，此后中华民族共同体这个概念在党和国家的相关文件、会议中被不断凸显；2017年，“铸牢中华民族共同体意识”写入党的十九大修订的《中国共产党章程》；2018年3月，宪法修正案正式将“中华民族”写入宪法；2019年10月，中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅印发文件名包含“中华民族共同体”之词的《关于全面深入持久开展民族团结进步创建工作铸牢中华民族共同体意识的意见》这一重要文件；2021年召开的中央民族工作会议把铸牢中华民族共同体意识明确为新时代党的民族工作的主线；2022年修订的《中华人民共和国地方各级人民代表大会和地方各级人民政府组织法》将“铸牢中华民族共同体意识”确立为县级以上的地方各级人民代表大会与人民政府以及乡、民族乡、镇的人民代表大会与人民政府的行使职权之一。可见，党将制度化势能不断转化为中华民族共同体建设实践，从党中央和国家层面高位推进，实现纵向到底、横向到边的全体动员，有力推动了中华民族共同体建设的纵深发展。

(3) The Party’s Organizational Potential Energy Weaves the Network Hub for Building the Chinese National Community

(三)党的组织性势能织牢中华民族共同体建设的网络枢纽

The Party’s organizational potential energy refers to a governance method in which the Party, through its own rigorous organizational system or by establishing Party-centered leading groups for specific matters to carry out overall planning and coordination, thereby achieving established policy objectives. In the governance of social affairs, the Party holds a prominent political position: “The Party is the creator of social governance policies, the expresser of interests, the implementer, and the supervisor. Party committees at all levels assume these roles in social governance, and the attitude of the Party committee is a key factor affecting the success of social governance and an organizational guarantee.” [29]29 This is a quotation from a Chinese scholarly work on social governance, reflecting the Party’s role as both policy initiator and executor. Specifically regarding the construction of the Chinese national community, how to implement the Party’s decisions and deployments on ethnic work and promote high-quality development of the Party’s ethnic work in the New Era fundamentally depends on the Party’s rigorous organizational system. In practice, the Party’s top-down organizational system conveys the will to build the Chinese national community level by level. Party committees at all levels comprehensively lead the main line work of forging a sense of community for the Chinese nation, fundamentally ensuring the unswerving adherence to the correct path of solving ethnic issues with Chinese characteristics.

党的组织性势能是指党通过自身严密的组织体系或针对特定事项成立以党为中心的领导小组进行统筹协调，进而实现既定政策目标的一种治理方式。在社会事务治理中党具有突出的政治地位：“党是社会治理的政策创制者、利益表达者、执行者与监督者，各级党委在社会治理中均承担上述几种角色，党委的态度是影响到社会治理成功的关键因素和组织保障。”具体到中华民族共同体建设，如何将党对民族工作的决策部署落实到位，推动新时代党的民族工作高质量发展，在根本上依赖于党的严密组织体系。在实践中，党自上而下的组织系统将中华民族共同体建设的意志逐级传达，各级党委全面领导铸牢中华民族共同体意识的主线工作，从根本上保障了坚定不移走中国特色解决民族问题的正确道路。

First, the Party’s rigorous organization ensures the steady and sustained construction of the Chinese national community. The construction of the Chinese national community is a long-term systematic project with long-term and arduous characteristics. The leadership of the Communist Party of China is the fundamental guarantee for doing ethnic work well, and Party organization building is the cornerstone for realizing this fundamental guarantee. According to the *Statistical Bulletin of the Communist Party of China on Intra-Party Affairs*, as of December 31, 2022, the Communist Party of China had 5.065 million primary-level Party organizations, including 289,000 primary-level Party committees, 320,000 general Party branches, and 4.456 million Party branches; nationwide, there were 756,000 primary-level Party organizations in state organs, 977,000 in public institutions, 1.571 million in enterprises, and 179,000 in social organizations. [30]30 These figures are from the official Party statistics, illustrating the extensive reach of Party organizations into all sectors of society. Such a powerful organizational system ensures that the construction of the Chinese national community is implemented in practice, laying a solid organizational foundation for embedding Party leadership throughout the entire process and in all areas of ethnic work. On the one hand, the Party’s organizational potential energy can be transformed into concrete actions, enhancing the efficiency of implementing the Party’s ethnic policies. The Party’s top-down organizational system provides a guarantee for “smooth policy implementation”; it is precisely this rigorous organizational system that ensures the Party’s ethnic policies can form a consensus within the Party in a short period, thereby promoting the implementation of decisions and deployments. On the other hand, the Party’s organizational potential energy can be transformed into a self-correcting consciousness, ensuring that the Party’s ethnic work does not deviate or change shape. The Communist Party of China’s rigorous organizational system and spirit of self-revolution run through the entire process of governing the Party; it is the rigor of the organization and the spirit of self-revolution that forge the Party’s “self-correcting consciousness,” fundamentally ensuring the consistent implementation of the Party’s decisions and deployments. The construction of the Chinese national community inevitably faces various risks and challenges in practice; the leadership position of Party organizations guarantees the direction, stability, and sustainability of this work. Only by comprehensively strengthening Party leadership can we forge a sense of community for the Chinese nation and unite the strength of all ethnic groups.

其一，党的严密组织保障中华民族共同体建设行稳致远。中华民族共同体建设是一项久久为功的系统工程，具有长期性和艰巨性。中国共产党领导是做好民族工作的根本保证，而党组织建设是实现这一根本保证的基石。《中国共产党党内统计公报》显示，截至2022年12月31日，中国共产党现有基层组织506.5万个，其中基层党委28.9万个、总支部32.0万个、支部445.6万个；全国共有机关基层党组织75.6万个，事业单位基层党组织97.7万个，企业基层党组织157.1万个，社会组织基层党组织17.9万个。这样强大的组织体系保障了中华民族共同体建设在实践中落地落实，为把党的领导贯穿民族工作全过程和各领域奠定了坚实的组织基础。一方面，党的组织性势能可以转化为实际行动，提升党的民族政策执行效率。党自上而下的组织体系为“政令畅通”提供了保障，正是严密的组织体系保证了党的民族政策能在短期内形成全党共识，进而推动决策部署落地。另一方面，党的组织性势能可以转化为纠偏自觉性，保障党的民族工作不走偏不变样。中国共产党严密的组织体系和自我革命的精神贯穿于管党治党始终，正是组织的严密性和自我革命精神锻造了党的“纠偏自觉性”，从根本上保障党的决策部署能一以贯之。中华民族共同体建设在实践中必然面临各种风险和挑战，党组织的领导地位保障了这项工作的方向性、稳定性和可持续性。只有全面加强党的领导，才能铸牢中华民族共同体意识，汇聚各民族的力量。

Second, establishing Party-centered leading groups enhances the effectiveness of building the Chinese national community. The construction of the Chinese national community faces tensions in various aspects, such as between partial interests and overall interests, short-term interests and long-term interests, as well as commonality and difference, a sense of community for the Chinese nation and ethnic consciousness, and material and spiritual aspects. Different interest demands require Party organizations to play a coordinating and integrating role; exerting the Party’s comprehensive leadership function and reflecting the main responsibility of Party committees at all levels are important guarantees for bridging these tensions. In practice, specialized leading groups hold a relatively transcendent position, maintain a higher political stance in coordinating and reconciling interests, and possess absolute advantages and higher efficiency in handling difficult issues. For example, some localities, departments, and units have established “Leading Groups for Forging a Sense of Community for the Chinese Nation,” clarifying the decision-making, deployment, organization, and coordination functions of the leading groups in promoting the construction of the Chinese national community. Such leading groups provide a platform for advancing the construction of the Chinese national community within their respective regions, departments, and units, exert the main role of the Party in leading ethnic work, and can promptly and effectively prevent and resolve risks and hidden dangers in the ethnic field, thereby greatly improving the effectiveness of building the Chinese national community within a specific scope.

其二，成立以党为中心的领导小组提升中华民族共同体建设效能。中华民族共同体建设面临局部利益与整体利益、短期利益与长远利益，以及共同性与差异性、中华民族共同体意识与各民族意识、物质与精神等各方面的张力。不同的利益诉求需要党组织发挥协调整合作用，发挥党的全面领导功能和体现各级党委主体责任是弥合各种张力的重要保障。在实践中，专门性领导小组具有相对超然的地位，在统筹和协调利益关系中保持更高的政治站位，发挥疑难问题处理的绝对优势和更高效能。比如，有的地方、部门和单位成立“铸牢中华民族共同体意识工作领导小组”，明确了领导小组在推进中华民族共同体建设中的决策部署、组织协调职能。类似这样的领导小组为本区域、本部门和本单位内推进中华民族共同体建设提供了平台，发挥了党领导民族工作的主体作用，能够及时有效防范化解民族领域的风险隐患，从而极大提高了特定范围内中华民族共同体建设效能。

(4) The Party’s Identity Potential Energy Gathers Consensus for Building the Chinese National Community

(四)党的身份性势能为中华民族共同体建设凝聚共识

The Party’s identity potential energy refers to a way in which the Party leads social governance through its overall image or the image of its members. Identity is a social role that represents specific behavioral norms. A specific identity externally uses specific thoughts, symbols, and behavioral norms as a basis for social cognitive consensus; the aggregation of similar identities can obtain a “collective consciousness,” distinguishing them psychologically and behaviorally from other groups. Since its founding, the Communist Party of China has established its original aspiration and founding mission as seeking happiness for the Chinese people and rejuvenation for the Chinese nation. The Communist Party of China has no special interests of its own; it is precisely the Party’s transcendent view of interests and its eternal commitment to its original aspiration and mission that enable the Party to lead the people from victory to victory, win the support of all the people, and forge the Party’s political and organizational authority. “The Communist Party of China is both a governing force and a leading force. As a governing force, it is the actual operator of the political system; as a leading force, it can possess actual political power without relying on the political system, that is, the state system.” [31]31 This quotation distinguishes the Party’s dual role as both a governing party within the state system and a leading party that can mobilize power independently of state institutions. Such power enables both the Party as a whole and individual Party members to enjoy a high degree of recognition in daily life, assuming the important responsibility of resolving social contradictions and gathering social consensus.

党的身份性势能是指党通过整体形象或党员形象领导社会治理的一种方式。身份是表征特定行为准则的一种社会角色。特定的身份对外以特定的思想、符号、行为规范作为社会认知共识，身份的同类聚合能够获得“集体意识”，从心理和行为上区别于其他群体。中国共产党自诞生之日起，就把为中国人民谋幸福、为中华民族谋复兴确立为自己的初心和使命。中国共产党没有自己的特殊利益，正是党的超然利益观和永葆初心、担当使命，使得党能够带领人民从胜利走向胜利，赢得了全体人民的拥护，铸造了党的政治权威和组织权威。“中国共产党既是执政的力量，也是领导的力量，作为执政的力量，是政治制度的实际操作者，作为领导的力量，可以不依赖政治制度，即国家制度，而拥有实际的政治力量。”这样的力量使得党这个整体和党员个体在日常生活中都具有较高认同度，承担着化解社会矛盾、凝聚社会共识的重要职责。

The Communist Party of China is the most reliable mainstay of the Chinese people; Party organizations represent leadership authority; Party members represent advanced nature, purity, and exemplary character, possessing a high degree of political-ideological consciousness and capacity for action, and are a group that the people can trust. Therefore, when the Party participates in the governance of social affairs either as a holistic image or through individual Party members, “identity-based political potential energy, grounded in its inherent political prestige and popular recognition, will guide the behavior and lead the thinking of the people in the field of social governance, triggering the centripetal force of the people’s actions.” [32]32 The author cites a concept from Chinese political science literature on “political potential energy” (政治势能), referring to the mobilizing and guiding power generated by the Party’s political authority and popular trust. Specifically applied to the building of the Chinese national community, the Party’s holistic image manifests as “the presence of Party leadership on the scene,” fully demonstrating the Party’s central position in ethnic work and effectively playing its leadership core role of commanding the overall situation and coordinating all parties. “The presence of Party leadership on the scene” is conducive to fostering a sense of security and trust among all ethnic groups, enhancing their sense of identification with and belonging to the Chinese national community, and greatly consolidating the social consensus for community building. On the one hand, starting from the overall interests of the Chinese nation, the Party improves ethnic work in the direction of enhancing commonality, thereby achieving a favorable situation of unity, struggle, and common prosperity and development among all ethnic groups. On the other hand, individual Party members embedded in the process of building the Chinese national community strengthen the grassroots ethnic work contingent. The advanced nature of the Party member identity marker carries the responsibilities of setting an example, propagating political ideology, and guiding social cognition in daily life, participating in ethnic work in a silent and subtle manner. The CPC possesses a massive contingent of Party members, enabling comprehensive leadership and all-dimensional embedding of the Party’s ethnic work at all levels and in all fields, providing an important prerequisite and laying a solid foundation for “ensuring that the Party’s ethnic theories and policies are understood by people at the grassroots level and that ethnic work is attended to by people at the grassroots level.”

中国共产党是中国人民最可靠的主心骨，党组织代表领导权威；党员代表先进性、纯洁性、榜样性，具有较高政治思想觉悟和行动能力，是人民可信赖的群体。因而当党以整体形象或以党员个体的方式参与到社会事务治理中时，“身份性政治势能便会基于其内含的政治威信和民众认同而对社会治理场域中的民众形成行为引导和思想领导，触发民众的行动向心力”。具体到中华民族共同体建设中，党在整体形象上表现为“党的领导在场”，充分彰显党在民族工作中的中心地位，有效发挥总揽全局、协调各方的领导核心作用。“党的领导在场”有利于培育各民族之间的安全感和信任感，提升各民族对中华民族共同体的认同感和归属感，极大凝聚共同体建设的社会共识。一方面，党从中华民族整体利益出发，按照增进共同性的方向改进民族工作，从而实现了各民族团结奋斗、共同繁荣发展的良好局面；另一方面，党员个体嵌入中华民族共同体建设过程夯实了基层民族工作队伍。党员身份标识的先进性在日常生活中具有榜样示范、政治思想宣传、引导社会认知的职责，在润物细无声中参与到民族工作中。中国共产党拥有强大的党员队伍，能在各层级、各领域实现党的民族工作的全面领导和全方位嵌入，为“确保党的民族理论和民族政策到基层有人懂、民族工作在基层有人抓”提供了重要前提、奠定了坚实基础。

IV. How It Is Realized: The Fourfold Mechanism of the Party’s Leadership in Building the Chinese National Community

四、何以实现：党领导中华民族共同体建设的四重机制

The transformation of the CPC’s political potential energy in political practice provides the possibility for leading the building of the Chinese national community. The tortuous development process of the Chinese nation since modern times shows that the unity and struggle of all ethnic groups is the basic prerequisite and solid cornerstone for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. “Practice has proven that only the CPC can achieve the great unity of the Chinese nation, and only socialism with Chinese characteristics can unite all ethnic groups, develop all ethnic groups, and bring prosperity to all ethnic groups.” [33]33 Quotation from a CPC Central Committee document or speech, emphasizing the Party’s unique role in achieving ethnic unity. “The presence of Party leadership on the scene” is realized by transforming political potential energy into an operational mechanism for ethnic work, and the multiple mechanisms constitute the practical network of the Party’s leadership in building the Chinese national community. Combining the inherent needs of building the Chinese national community with the transformation of the Party’s political potential energy for comprehensive leadership over ethnic work, the realization path of “the presence of Party leadership on the scene” can be understood from four levels: the concept-shaping mechanism, the organizational embedding mechanism, the resource integration mechanism, and the public service mechanism.

中国共产党在政治实践中的势能转化为领导中华民族共同体建设提供了可能性。近代以来中华民族的曲折发展历程表明，各民族团结奋斗是中华民族走向伟大复兴的基本前提和坚强基石。“实践证明，只有中国共产党才能实现中华民族的大团结，只有中国特色社会主义才能凝聚各民族、发展各民族、繁荣各民族。”“党的领导在场”借助政治势能转化为民族工作运行机制而得以实现，多重机制构成了党领导中华民族共同体建设的实践网络。结合中华民族共同体建设内在需求和党对民族工作全面领导的政治势能转化，可以从观念塑造机制、组织嵌入机制、资源整合机制、公共服务机制四个层面理解“党的领导在场”的实现路径。

(A) The Concept-Shaping Mechanism of the Party’s Leadership in Building the Chinese National Community

(一)党领导中华民族共同体建设的观念塑造机制

From the general connotation of community, community consciousness is the subjective condition for individuals to form a community and also the fundamental marker distinguishing one community from another. “Community consciousness refers to the common good value norms and dynamic cohesive will that members of a specific aggregative relationship possess based on perceiving the common conditions for the survival and development of self and others.” [34]34 The author cites a definition of community consciousness from Chinese academic literature on ethnic studies. Only when community members perceive in their daily lives that they share common ideas, can self-identify which community they belong to, and possess conscious discernment and confirmation of commonality, is the community solid. Therefore, the fundamental task of community building is to consolidate member consensus, strengthen the commonality consciousness of the community, and enhance members’ sense of identification and belonging from the depths of their hearts. Forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation is the main line of the Party’s ethnic work and work in ethnic regions in the New Era. Building the Chinese national community is precisely about shaping the sense of identification with and belonging to the Chinese nation among people of all ethnic groups. Rooted in the production and life of people of all ethnic groups, the Party builds bridges for material and spiritual interaction among them, “enabling people of all ethnic groups to form an inter-embedded pattern of ‘coexistence, co-prosperity, and co-sharing’ in real life,” [35]35 The phrase “共生共荣共享” (coexistence, co-prosperity, and co-sharing) is a common formulation in Chinese policy discourse on ethnic relations, emphasizing mutual benefit and shared development. guiding people of all ethnic groups to be as close as brothers and sisters and to help each other in the big family of the Chinese nation, continuously advancing the building of the Chinese national community. Overall, the concept-shaping mechanism of the CPC’s leadership in building the Chinese national community is mainly manifested in the following three aspects.

从共同体的一般性内涵来看，共同体意识是个体间结成共同体的主观条件，也是共同体之间相互区别的根本性标识。“共同体意识就是特定聚合关系中的成员，在感知自我与他者生存发展的共性条件基础上所具有的共善价值规范与能动凝聚意愿。”只有当共同体成员在日常生活中感知相互之间具有共同理念、能自我体认属于哪个共同体、有着自觉性辨识与共同性确认时，共同体才是牢固的。因此，共同体建设的根本性任务是凝聚成员共识，强化共同体的共同性意识，从心灵深处提升成员的认同感和归属感。铸牢中华民族共同体意识是新时代党的民族工作和民族地区各项工作的主线，中华民族共同体建设就是要塑造各族人民对中华民族的认同感和归属感。党根植于各族群众生产生活中，构筑起各民族物质与精神交往桥梁，“使各族群众在现实生活中结成‘共生共荣共享’的互嵌式格局”，引导各族人民在中华民族大家庭中手足相亲、守望相助，不断推进中华民族共同体建设。总体来看，中国共产党领导中华民族共同体建设的观念塑造机制主要表现为以下三个方面。

First, promoting theoretical innovation on the Chinese national community. To forge a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation, it is first necessary to theoretically clarify the evolution of the Chinese nation from a self-existing to a self-conscious entity, as well as the principles, academic logic, and philosophy of how various ethnic groups formed the Chinese national community through interaction, communication, and integration. It guides all ethnic groups to establish a correct view of the state, history, ethnicity, culture, and religion, and to establish and uphold a correct view of Chinese national history. The Party leads research institutions and experts and scholars to deepen research on the Chinese national community, theoretically expounding the correct view of Chinese national history, criticizing various erroneous historical views, and laying the ideological foundation for the whole society to deeply understand the necessity of building the Chinese national community.

一是推进中华民族共同体理论创新。铸牢中华民族共同体意识，首先就要从理论上说清楚中华民族从自在到自觉的发展演变以及各民族在交往交流交融中形成中华民族共同体的道理、学理、哲理。引导各民族树立正确的国家观、历史观、民族观、文化观、宗教观，树立和坚持正确的中华民族历史观。党领导各研究机构和专家学者深化对中华民族共同体研究，从理论上阐释正确的中华民族历史观，批判各种错误史观，为全社会深刻理解中华民族共同体建设的必要性奠定思想基础。

Second, strengthening publicity and education on building the Chinese national community. The Party’s comprehensive leadership over propaganda, ideology, and cultural work, as well as education, determines that it is indispensable for the Party to carry out publicity and education on advancing the building of the Chinese national community throughout society. It is necessary to fully leverage the leadership functions of Party organizations at all levels to disseminate the ethnic theory of adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times to every corner of society, especially to carry out the publicity and implementation of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important thoughts on strengthening and improving ethnic work. Incorporate forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation into the cadre education, Party member education, and national education systems, and conduct all-round publicity and education through various means such as theoretical explanation, policy briefings, setting up role models, textbook use, and course offerings.

二是加强中华民族共同体建设的宣传教育。党对宣传思想文化工作和教育工作的全面领导，决定了党在全社会开展推进中华民族共同体建设的宣传教育是不可或缺的。要充分发挥各级党组织的领导职能，将马克思主义中国化时代化的民族理论传播到社会的每个角落，特别是开展习近平总书记关于加强和改进民族工作的重要思想的宣传贯彻工作。将铸牢中华民族共同体意识纳入干部教育、党员教育、国民教育体系，通过理论阐释、政策宣讲、榜样树立、教材运用、课程开设等多种方式进行全方位宣传教育。

Third, promoting fine traditional Chinese culture and advancing the building of a shared spiritual home for the Chinese nation. Fine traditional Chinese culture is an important element in shaping the sense of community for the Chinese nation, an important way to guide people of all ethnic groups to identify with Chinese culture and establish cultural confidence, and to promote the building of the Chinese national community. To do a good job in the Party’s ethnic work in the New Era, it is necessary to fully tap into fine traditional Chinese culture, revolutionary culture, and advanced socialist culture, using symbols, images, stories, rituals, and other carriers to guide people of all ethnic groups to enhance their identification with Chinese culture, thereby strengthening the cultural foundation for building the Chinese national community.

三是弘扬中华优秀传统文化，推动中华民族共有精神家园建设。中华优秀传统文化是形塑中华民族共同体意识的重要元素，是引导各族人民认同中华文化和树立文化自信，以及推动中华民族共同体建设的重要方式。做好新时代党的民族工作，要充分挖掘中华优秀传统文化、革命文化和社会主义先进文化，以符号、形象、故事、仪式等为载体引导各族人民增强对中华文化的认同，进而强化中华民族共同体建设的文化基础。

(B) The Organizational Embedding Mechanism of the Party’s Leadership in Building the Chinese National Community

(二)党领导中华民族共同体建设的组织嵌入机制

In building the Chinese national community, how to implement the Party’s ethnic theories and policies and how to promote the formation of collective action for building the Chinese national community are important issues that need to be resolved in the Party’s ethnic work practice. The embedding mechanism of Party organizations “reaching vertically to the bottom and horizontally to the edges” provides a reliable guarantee for alleviating obstructive problems existing in the governance of ethnic affairs and offers the possibility for timely resolution of problems faced in the practice of ethnic work. On the one hand, Party organizations at all levels are embedded in the core of ethnic work decision-making, ensuring that General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important thoughts on strengthening and improving ethnic work are fully and accurately implemented. On the other hand, Party organizations at all levels are embedded in the concrete practice of ethnic work, extensively mobilizing people of all ethnic groups to jointly participate in building the Chinese national community and to take collective action to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

在中华民族共同体建设中，如何将党的民族理论与政策加以贯彻落实以及如何推动形成中华民族共同体建设的集体行动，是党的民族工作实践中需要解决的重要问题。党组织“纵向到底、横向到边”的嵌入机制为纾解民族事务治理中存在的梗阻问题提供了可靠保障，为及时化解民族工作实践中面临的问题提供了可能。一方面，各级党组织嵌入民族工作决策核心，保证习近平总书记关于加强和改进民族工作的重要思想完整准确落实到位；另一方面，各级党组织嵌入民族工作具体实践中，广泛动员各族人民共同参与中华民族共同体建设，为实现中华民族伟大复兴而采取集体行动。

First, Party organizations at all levels comprehensively lead ethnic work within their respective regions. Party organizations are embedded in all areas of society, and grassroots Party organizations are established at all levels and in all fields. Social organizations and groups consciously accept the leadership of their respective Party organizations, which provides the organizational foundation for the effective implementation of the Party’s ethnic work.

一是各级党组织全面领导本区域内的民族工作。社会各领域都有党组织的嵌入，各领域各层级都建立了党的基层组织，社会组织和群体都自觉接受所在党组织的领导，这为党的民族工作的有效贯彻提供了组织基础。

Second, Party organizations at all levels supply institutional mechanisms for the governance of ethnic affairs. Party organizations at all levels are the leadership core of their respective regions, both implementing the national-level thinking on the governance of ethnic affairs and formulating specific institutional mechanisms for ethnic work based on the actual conditions of their region. Party organizations at all levels are embedded in decision-making bodies, promote the formulation of rules and regulations for ethnic unity and progress, and improve the institutional mechanisms for forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation, thereby providing guidance for advancing the building of the Chinese national community in their region.

二是各级党组织为民族事务治理供给了制度机制。各级党组织是本区域的领导核心，既贯彻国家层面的民族事务治理思想，又根据本区域实际制定具体的民族工作制度机制。各级党组织嵌入决策机构、推动制定民族团结进步的规章制度、健全铸牢中华民族共同体意识的制度机制，进而为本区域推进中华民族共同体建设提供了指南。

Third, Party organizations embed themselves in social life, prompting people of all ethnic groups to form collective action. The common construction of a prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful modern socialist country by all ethnic groups is the goal of the construction of the Chinese national community. “The main task of the ruling party in the New Era is not to solve the problem of social organization, but to solve the problem of how to lead society, that is, to ensure the Party’s core leadership position while giving play to the Party organization’s functions of leading, coalescing, and serving grassroots society.” [36]36 Tang Huangfeng, “The Political Logic of the Construction of the Chinese National Community from the Perspective of the Party-State,” *Ethnic Studies*, 2022, Issue 3. The Party’s leadership is to coalesce the strength of the whole society and guide people of all ethnic groups to unite in struggle and common prosperity and development. Party organizations, by embedding themselves in the specific implementation process of ethnic work, aggregate social strength through means such as ideological propaganda, organizational arrangements, behavioral guidance, and resolving contradictions.

三是党组织嵌入社会生活，推动各族人民形成集体行动。各民族共同建设富强民主文明和谐美丽的社会主义现代化强国是中华民族共同体建设的奋斗目标。“新时代的执政党的主要任务不是解决社会的组织化问题，而是要解决如何领导社会的问题，即在确保党的核心领导地位的前提下，发挥党组织领导、凝聚和服务基层社会的功能。”党的领导就是凝聚全社会力量，引导各族人民共同团结奋斗、共同繁荣发展。党组织通过嵌入民族工作的具体执行过程，以思想宣传、组织安排、行为引导、化解矛盾的方式聚合社会力量。

(3) The resource integration mechanism of the Party’s leadership in the construction of the Chinese national community

(三)党领导中华民族共同体建设的资源整合机制

In the CPC’s practice of ethnic work, there are two main reasons why the Party has the function of resource integration. On the one hand, it stems from the important responsibilities of Party committees at all levels in ethnic work. For example, the “Opinions on Comprehensively and Deeply Carrying out the Work of Establishing Ethnic Unity and Progress and Forging a Strong Sense of Community for the Chinese Nation,” [37]37 The “Opinions on Comprehensively and Deeply Carrying out the Work of Establishing Ethnic Unity and Progress and Forging a Strong Sense of Community for the Chinese Nation” is a policy document jointly issued by the General Office of the CPC Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council in 2019, outlining measures to strengthen ethnic unity and foster a shared national identity. issued by the General Office of the CPC Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council, stipulates that “the work of establishing ethnic unity and progress shall be incorporated into the assessment of the political performance of local Party and government leading bodies and leading cadres.” The CPC not only enhances social and political identification through carrying out ethnic work but also relies on Party organizations at all levels to realize the Party’s goals and accomplish the Party’s tasks. On the other hand, it stems from the Party’s control over social resources. The Party’s authoritative control over social resources provides the possibility for the Party to coordinate the interests of multiple subjects in carrying out ethnic work. The Party, “in cultivating the shared social capital of the Chinese nation, forges a sense of social mutual assistance among all ethnic groups.” [38]38 Yan Qing, “The Construction of the Chinese National Community from the Perspective of Social Capital,” *Ethnic Studies*, 2021, Issue 2. Overall, in the construction of the Chinese national community, the Party’s integration mechanism is mainly reflected in optimizing resource allocation, bridging interest tensions, and coordinating the participation of multiple subjects.

在中国共产党的民族工作实践中，党之所以具有资源整合功能主要有两方面的原因。一方面，源于各级党委在民族工作中的重要职责。比如，在中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅印发的《关于全面深入持久开展民族团结进步创建工作铸牢中华民族共同体意识的意见》中规定，“把民族团结进步创建工作纳入地方党政领导班子和领导干部政绩考核内容”。中国共产党不仅通过开展民族工作提升社会政治认同，而且还依赖于各级党组织实现党的目标、完成党的任务。另一方面，源于党对社会资源的支配。党对社会资源的权威性支配为党在开展民族工作中协调多元主体利益提供了可能，党“在培育中华民族共享社会资本中，铸牢各民族的社会互助意识”。总体而言，在中华民族共同体建设中，党的整合机制主要体现在优化资源配置、弥合利益张力、协调多元主体的共同参与等方面。

First, Party organizations integrate social resources to provide resource guarantees for the construction of the Chinese national community. Party organizations at all levels, through high-level promotion, place the construction of the Chinese national community in a prominent position, greatly drawing on resources from the whole society, and providing resource guarantees for the overall advancement of this strategic deployment. For example, they coordinate resources from all sides in the form of specialized working groups to provide resource support for forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation.

一是党组织整合社会资源，为中华民族共同体建设提供资源保障。各级党组织通过高位推进，将中华民族共同体建设放在突出位置，极大汲取全社会资源，为该战略部署的整体推进提供资源保障。比如，以专门工作小组的形式协调各方资源，为铸牢中华民族共同体意识提供资源支持。

Second, Party organizations bridge the interest tensions that exist among different ethnic groups. Unbalanced and inadequate development leads to certain gaps between different regions, fields, and ethnic groups. Advancing the construction of the Chinese national community requires rational allocation of resources and coordination of the interests of all parties. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance the self-development capacity of people of all ethnic groups in border and ethnic minority areas, continuously raise income levels, and ultimately achieve common prosperity, thereby laying a solid economic foundation for the construction of the Chinese national community. At the same time, it is necessary to optimize the resource distribution system as a whole, continuously narrow income gaps, and bridge the tension between overall interests and specific interests. Third, Party organizations coordinate multiple social subjects and guide the whole society to actively participate in the construction of the Chinese national community. Party organizations penetrate into all areas of society, guiding social subjects to actively participate in the high-quality development practice of ethnic work through methods such as direct leadership, professional guidance, and collaborative office work, contributing wisdom and strength to advancing the construction of the Chinese national community.

二是党组织弥合各民族间存在的利益张力。发展不平衡不充分导致各地区、各领域、各民族间存在一定的差距，推进中华民族共同体建设需要合理配置资源和协调各方利益。因此，需要通过提升边疆民族地区各族群众自我发展能力，不断提高收入水平，最终实现共同富裕，为中华民族共同体建设奠定厚实的经济基础。与此同时，需要从整体上优化资源分配体系，不断缩小收入差距，弥合整体利益与具体利益之间的张力。三是党组织协调社会多元主体，引导全社会积极参与中华民族共同体建设。党组织渗入社会各领域，通过直接领导、业务指导、协作办公等方式引导社会主体积极参与到民族工作高质量发展实践中，为推进中华民族共同体建设贡献智慧和力量。

(4) The public service mechanism of the Party’s leadership in the construction of the Chinese national community

(四)党领导中华民族共同体建设的公共服务机制

General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasizes: “Our Party comes from the people, takes root among the people, and serves the people. The Party’s foundation is in the people, its bloodline is in the people, and its strength is in the people. Without the people’s support and endorsement, the Party’s cause and work would be impossible.” [39]39 Xi Jinping, “Speech at a Conference Commemorating the 95th Anniversary of the Founding of the Communist Party of China,” July 1, 2016. The Party’s leadership in the construction of the Chinese national community requires not only mobilizing the whole society ideologically but also going deep into the grassroots to serve the people of all ethnic groups. Party organizations at all levels, by promptly resolving social contradictions, solving the urgent, difficult, and anxious problems of the masses, and going deep into ethnic areas and related fields to prevent and resolve potential risks and hidden dangers, create a favorable environment for promoting the common realization of socialist modernization by all ethnic groups.

习近平总书记强调：“我们党来自人民、植根人民、服务人民，党的根基在人民、血脉在人民、力量在人民。失去了人民拥护和支持，党的事业和工作就无从谈起。”党领导中华民族共同体建设，不仅要从思想上动员全社会参与，还需要深入基层为各族人民群众服务。各级党组织通过及时化解社会矛盾，解决群众急难愁盼的问题，深入民族地区和相关领域防范化解可能存在的风险隐患，为推动各民族共同实现社会主义现代化创造良好环境。

First, improve the connection mechanism between cadres and the masses to promote interaction, communication, and integration among all ethnic groups. Party organizations are always at the center of social affairs governance, strengthening the close relationship between cadres and the masses, and providing a communication bridge for the all-round embedding of all ethnic groups into the construction of the Chinese national community. Only by going deep among the masses and strengthening investigation and research can Party cadres truly understand what people of all ethnic groups think, want, and need. Only then can Party organizations become the organizational force that people of all ethnic groups can rely on, and people of all ethnic groups will gather under the Party’s banner to form a big family of unity, friendship, and mutual assistance.

一是完善干群联结机制，推动各民族交往交流交融。党组织始终处于社会事务治理中心，加强干部与群众之间的亲密关系，为各民族全方位嵌入中华民族共同体建设提供沟通桥梁。党的干部只有深入人民群众中加强调查研究，才能真正了解各族群众所思所想所需，党组织也才能成为各族人民可依靠的组织力量，各族人民才会聚集在党的旗帜下形成团结、友爱、互助的大家庭。

Second, the Party goes deep into the production and life of the masses, providing a platform for enhancing trust among people of all ethnic groups. Various problems and contradictions always exist in the concrete practice of ethnic work, and Party organizations and individual Party members become the key subjects in resolving these problems and contradictions. The Party always represents the fundamental interests of people of all ethnic groups, serving the people of all ethnic groups with an overall image, greatly improving the Party’s social credibility and the efficiency of resolving contradictions. At the same time, individual Party members are vanguard models in social groups. Serving the masses with Party member identification is conducive to smoothing the relationships among people of all ethnic groups and provides the possibility for enhancing the sense of trust in interactions among all ethnic groups.

二是党深入群众生产生活，为增进各族人民间的信任提供了平台。在具体的民族工作实践中始终存在各种问题和矛盾，党组织和党员个体成为化解这些问题和矛盾的关键主体。党始终代表各族人民根本利益，以整体形象服务各族人民，极大提高了党的社会公信力和矛盾化解效率。同时，党员个体是社会群体中的先锋模范，以党员标识服务群众有利于疏通各族人民之间的关系，为增进各民族交往中的信任感提供了可能。

Third, continuously improve the political judgment, political understanding, and political execution capabilities of Party organizations at all levels, promptly prevent and resolve risks and hidden dangers in the ethnic field, and consolidate and develop socialist ethnic relations of equality, unity, mutual assistance, and harmony. China’s numerous grassroots Party organizations are strong fighting fortresses and the most reliable force for building a harmonious social environment in their respective regions. It is precisely because of the Party’s strong leadership in ethnic work and the effective work of Party organizations at all levels that various social risks and hidden dangers can be nipped in the bud to the greatest extent, and many unfavorable factors that interfere with and hinder the construction of the Chinese national community can be promptly eliminated and resolved. The Party’s strong leadership in ethnic work and the effective work of Party organizations at all levels have become a powerful force for advancing the construction of the Chinese national community.

三是不断提高各级党组织政治判断力、政治领悟力、政治执行力，及时防范化解民族领域风险隐患，巩固和发展平等、团结、互助、和谐的社会主义民族关系。我国众多的基层党组织是坚强战斗堡垒，是本地区构建和谐社会环境的最可靠力量。正是由于党对民族工作的坚强领导和各级党组织的有力工作，各种社会风险隐患才能最大程度被消灭在萌芽状态，才能及时排除与消解干扰和阻滞中华民族共同体建设的诸多不利因素。党对民族工作的坚强领导和各级党组织的有力工作，成为推进中华民族共同体建设的强大力量。

V. Conclusion

五、结语

The Chinese national community is a community of shared future formed through long-term interaction, communication, and integration among all ethnic groups. The Chinese national community is the actual bearer of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Promoting the construction of the Chinese national community is an inevitable requirement of Chinese-path modernization. The essential attributes of the CPC and the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics determine that the Party is the fundamental political force driving the construction of the Chinese national community, and the Party’s ethnic work must necessarily involve “the presence of Party leadership.” Strengthening and improving the Party’s overall leadership is the fundamental political guarantee for doing a good job in the Party’s ethnic work in the New Era. In the practice of ethnic work, the CPC, by exerting its political functions of enhancing consensus, coalescing people’s hearts, embedding itself in life, integrating resources, and serving the people, manifests the value potential, institutional potential, organizational potential, and identity potential of the Party’s leadership in the construction of the Chinese national community. Therefore, the CPC’s leadership in the construction of the Chinese national community is not only an inherent requirement of the construction of the Chinese national community but also an inevitable choice for unswervingly taking the correct path of solving ethnic problems with Chinese characteristics. At the same time, the CPC’s core position in China’s political life and the political potential it contains reveal the possibility of the Party’s leadership in the construction of the Chinese national community. The “presence of Party leadership” in ethnic work is formed by the coupling of the inherent requirements of the construction of the Chinese national community and the possibility of the supply of political potential contained in the CPC. In practice, the CPC realizes comprehensive leadership over the construction of the Chinese national community through multiple mechanisms such as concept shaping, organizational embedding, resource integration, and public services.

中华民族共同体是各民族长期交往交流交融而成的命运共同体，中华民族共同体是中华民族伟大复兴的实际承载者，推动中华民族共同体建设是中国式现代化的必然要求。中国共产党的本质属性和中国特色社会主义制度决定了党是推动中华民族共同体建设的根本政治力量，党的民族工作必然是“党的领导在场”。加强和完善党的全面领导是做好新时代党的民族工作的根本政治保证。中国共产党在民族工作实践中通过发挥增进共识、凝聚人心、嵌入生活、整合资源、服务人民的政治功能，体现出党领导中华民族共同体建设的价值性势能、制度化势能、组织性势能和身份性势能。因此，中国共产党领导中华民族共同体建设，不仅是中华民族共同体建设的内在需求，而且是坚定不移走中国特色解决民族问题正确道路的必然抉择。同时，中国共产党在中国政治生活中的核心地位及其蕴含的政治势能揭示了党领导中华民族共同体建设的可能性。民族工作中“党的领导在场”是由中华民族共同体建设的内在需求和中国共产党蕴含的政治势能供给的可能性耦合而成的。在实践中，中国共产党通过观念塑造、组织嵌入、资源整合和公共服务等多重机制来实现对中华民族共同体建设的全面领导。

Source: *Exploration* [40]40 *Exploration* (ISSN 1007-5194) is a Chinese academic journal focusing on theoretical and policy studies, published by the CPC Chongqing Municipal Committee Party School. 2025, Issue 1

文章来源：《探索》2025年第1期

Online Editor: Jing Mu

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