The Logical Grounds and Path Choices for the Great Founding Spirit of the Party to Lead the "Two Great Revolutions"

The *Outline for Building a Strong Educational Country (2024–2035)*, issued by the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council, emphasizes: "Persistently use Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era to forge souls and educate people," and "carry out education on the spiritual lineage of the Chinese Communists." Implementing and fulfilling these requirements requires a foundation of academic research that traces the source and follows the thread.

中共中央、国务院印发的《教育强国建设规划纲要（2024—2035）》强调：“坚持不懈用习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想铸魂育人”，“开展中国共产党人精神谱系教育。”贯彻和落实这些要求，需要以沿波讨源的学术研究为基础。

The *Zhuangzi · Ke Yi* [1]1 The “two great revolutions” refers to the great social revolution (leading the people to transform society) and the great self-revolution (the Party’s self-reform and purification). states that spirit "flows in all four directions" and has the power to "transform and nurture all things." The great founding spirit of the Party, first distilled by General Secretary Xi Jinping as "upholding truth and坚守 ideals, fulfilling the original aspiration and undertaking the mission, fearing no sacrifice and fighting valiantly, being loyal to the Party and living up to the people," is the spiritual essence forged by the Party's pioneers and jointly relied upon and inherited by Chinese Communists; it is what the Communists place their hearts in and follow in their actions. The resolution of the Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the CPC [2]2 A line from the poem “Bamboo in the Rock” by the Qing dynasty poet Zheng Xie, often used to describe resilience. summarized the historical experience gained by the Party in promoting the great founding spirit of the Party during the revolutionary struggle and in "implementing and advancing the great project of Party building." Based on the relationship between the great founding spirit of the Party and the great social revolution, it also called for "vigorously promoting the great founding spirit of the Party" and making unremitting efforts to "realize the second centenary goal." [3]3 A paraphrase of Engels’s statement in his 1875 letter to August Bebel regarding the Gotha Program. The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC incorporated the great founding spirit of the Party into the theme of the congress and put forward the practical requirement of "using the Party's self-revolution to lead the social revolution," demonstrating the historical consciousness and historical confidence of the Chinese Communists in using the great founding spirit of the Party to lead the "two great revolutions." The decision of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC [4]4 A quotation from *The Communist Manifesto* (1848) by Marx and Engels. used expressions such as "reform spirit," "pioneering spirit," "entrepreneurial spirit," and "nail-driving spirit," which carry the implication of the founding spirit of the Party, and required "maintaining a high degree of consciousness in using the Party's self-revolution to lead the social revolution." The spiritual support and spiritual source of this "high degree of consciousness" come from the great founding spirit of the Party. Using the great founding spirit of the Party to support the "two great revolutions" not only embodies the revolutionary logic of the Chinese Communist Party but also demonstrates the Party's governing style. In this regard, Indian scholars Jabin T. Jacob and Bhim B. Subba published an article titled "'Promoting the Great Founding Spirit of the Party': The Governing Style of the Contemporary Chinese Communist Party," providing a new perspective for understanding the relationship between the great founding spirit of the Party and the "two great revolutions."

《庄子·刻意》有言：精神“四达并流”，有“化育万物”之功。习近平总书记首次提炼的“坚持真理、坚守理想，践行初心、担当使命，不怕牺牲、英勇斗争，对党忠诚、不负人民”的伟大建党精神，是由党的先驱铸造、由中国共产党人共同依托和传承的精神精华，是共产党人心之所寄与行之所循。党的十九届六中全会决议，总结党在革命斗争中弘扬伟大建党精神及“实施和推进党的建设伟大工程”所取得的历史经验，又基于伟大建党精神与伟大社会革命的关系，要求“大力弘扬伟大建党精神”“为实现第二个百年奋斗目标”不懈奋斗。党的二十大报告将伟大建党精神纳入大会主题，提出“以党的自我革命引领社会革命”的实践要求，展示了中国共产党人以伟大建党精神引领“两个伟大革命”的历史自觉和历史自信。党的二十届三中全会决定使用具有建党精神之意蕴的“改革精神”“首创精神”“企业家精神”“钉钉子精神”等表述，要求“保持以党的自我革命引领社会革命的高度自觉”。其中“高度自觉”的精神支撑和精神之源，就来自伟大建党精神。以伟大建党精神支撑“两个伟大革命”，既体现中国共产党的革命逻辑，又展示中国共产党的执政方式。有鉴于此，印度学者郑嘉宾（Jabin T. Jacob）和苏斌（Bhim B. Subba）发表题为《“弘扬伟大建党精神”:当代中国共产党的执政方式》的文章，提供了认识伟大建党精神和“两个伟大革命”之间关系的新视角。

The depth of spirit determines the height of practice. The reason the Chinese Communist Party has been able to continuously open up new realms for Chinese-path modernization is that it is supported by a revolutionary spirit whose source is the great founding spirit of the Party. In the "two great revolutions," the great self-revolution is a general term for the Chinese Communists' transformation of the subjective world, aimed at answering "what is the Chinese Communist Party"; the great social revolution is a general term for the Chinese Communists leading the people to transform the objective world, aimed at answering "what does the Chinese Communist Party do." Based on the multi-dimensional relationship between the great founding spirit of the Party and the "two great revolutions," explaining the discursive grounds, historical grounds, practical grounds, value grounds, and path choices for using the great founding spirit of the Party to lead the "two great revolutions," and revealing the mechanism by which the great founding spirit of the Party supports the "two great revolutions," is an inevitable requirement for consolidating the achievements of the Chinese Communist Party's struggle and an objective need for continuing to write the chapter of Chinese-path modernization in the New Era.

精神深度决定实践高度。中国共产党之所以能够不断开创中国式现代化新境界，是因为有以伟大建党精神为源的革命精神的支撑。在“两个伟大革命”中，伟大自我革命是中国共产党人改造主观世界的统称，旨在回答“中国共产党是什么”；伟大社会革命是中国共产党领导人民改造客观世界的统称，旨在回答“中国共产党干什么”。基于伟大建党精神和“两个伟大革命”的多维关系，阐释以伟大建党精神引领“两个伟大革命”的话语理据、历史理据、实践理据、价值理据和路径选择，揭示以伟大建党精神支撑“两个伟大革命”的作用机理，是巩固中国共产党奋斗成就的必然要求，也是新时代续写中国式现代化的客观需要。

I. The Discursive Grounds for the Great Founding Spirit of the Party to Lead the "Two Great Revolutions"

一、伟大建党精神引领“两个伟大革命”的话语理据

Engels said: "Every new insight that a science achieves implies a revolution in the terminology of that science." [5]5 The “three-sphere integrated plan” refers to the earlier overall plan for socialist modernization covering economic, political, and cultural construction; the “five-sphere integrated plan” adds social and ecological construction. Discourse is the carrier of thought; the boundaries of discourse determine the boundaries of thought. Discourse is the foundation and prerequisite for rectifying names and establishing words. The first-time distillation of the "founding spirit of the Party," the systematic elaboration of the concept of "self-revolution," the restoration and reconstruction of the discourse of "social revolution," the incorporation of comprehensively deepening reform and Chinese-path modernization into the discourse system of social revolution, and on this basis, the clarification of the positioning and functions of the great founding spirit of the Party and the "two great revolutions" — these are the original contributions of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. Sorting out the discursive generation process and evolutionary logic of these three expressions is the prerequisite foundation for grasping the necessity, possibility, and operability of using the great founding spirit of the Party to support the "two great revolutions," and is also an inherent requirement for deeply understanding Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era.

恩格斯说：“一门科学提出的每一种新见解都包含这门科学的术语的革命。”话语是思维的载体，话语的边界决定思维的边界，话语是正名立言的基础和前提。首次提炼“建党精神”、系统阐释“自我革命”概念、复原和再构“社会革命”话语，将全面深化改革和中国式现代化纳入社会革命话语体系，并在此基础上明确伟大建党精神和“两个伟大革命”的定位和功能，是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的原创性贡献。梳理这三个表述的话语生成过程和演变逻辑，是把握以伟大建党精神支撑“两个伟大革命”的必要性、可能性和可操作性的前提基础，也是深悟习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的题中之义。

From a genetic perspective, from the day of its founding, the Chinese Communist Party not only formed the great founding spirit of the Party but also initiated the practice of the great self-revolution and social revolution. However, the formation of the discourse systems of "founding spirit of the Party," "self-revolution," and "social revolution" underwent a process of pioneering creation "from nothing to something" and optimized development "from the old to the new."

从发生学角度看，中国共产党从成立之日起，不仅形成了伟大建党精神，而且开启了伟大自我革命和社会革命实践，但“建党精神”“自我革命”和“社会革命”话语体系的形成，却经历了“从无到有”的开拓式创造和“由旧至新”的优化式发展的过程。

Regarding the "founding spirit of the Party," there is a time lag of one hundred years between the time of its formation and the time the concept was used. In the process of the "two great revolutions," the Chinese Communists, taking the great founding spirit of the Party as the source, constructed a spiritual lineage including different subsystems. If we take the great self-revolution of transforming the subjective world and the great social revolution of transforming the objective world as analytical clues, the spiritual lineage presents two clear threads: First, the "self-revolution spirit," which is explicit. The "self-revolution spirit" is the spirit of daring to uphold truth, daring to correct mistakes, daring to turn the blade inward, and daring to scrape the poison from the bone. General

就“建党精神”而言，其形成的时间和概念使用的时间之间，存在一百年的时间差。在“两个伟大革命”进程中，中国共产党人以伟大建党精神为源头，构建起包括不同子系统的精神谱系。如果以改造主观世界的伟大自我革命和改造客观世界的伟大社会革命为分析线索，那么精神谱系呈现出两条清晰的脉络：一是具有显在性的“自我革命精神”。“自我革命精神”就是勇于坚持真理、勇于修正错误、勇于刀刃向内、勇于刮骨疗毒的精神，习近平总书记不仅将党“始终走在时代前列”归因于“始终保持了自我革命精神”，而且发出越是长期执政越不能丧失“自我革命精神”的告诫。在党的精神谱系中，“遵义会议精神”和“西柏坡精神”等，都是具有自我革命精神之蕴结的精神子系统。二是具有隐性化的“社会革命精神”。在中国共产党的奋斗历史上，社会革命精神是实然存在的，但在现有学术研究成果中，却未见“社会革命精神”之术语。事实上，“社会革命精神”都隐含在包括“与时俱进”“锐意进取”“勤于探索”“勇于实践”在内的“改革创新精神”之中。严格而论，“改革创新精神”既与伟大自我革命相始终，又贯穿于党领导人民进行的伟大社会革命全过程。但由于在习近平总书记重要讲话中，已经有“自我革命精神”的显性表达，因此可将“改革创新精神”中的“改革”，定位为改造客观世界的伟大社会革命；将“改革创新精神”中的“创新”，定位为伟大社会革命的根本特质。在党的精神谱系中，“井冈山精神”和“北大荒精神”等，都是具有社会革命精神之蕴结的精神子系统。提炼和阐释伟大建党精神，既找到党的精神谱系之源，又纠正了自我革命和社会革命的概念使用和实践探索之间的错位问题。

Regarding “self-revolution,” although the process of the great self-revolution was initiated from the day the Party was founded, the use of the concept of “self-revolution” long lagged behind the practice of the great self-revolution. It was not until the mid-20th century that the term “self-revolution” appeared. In 1958, Li Da emphasized that scientists must combine politics with professional work, criticize “their own bourgeois ideology, and carry out self-revolution.” In 1966, the Political Department of the Kunming Military Region compiled and printed an internal military publication titled *How to Treat It? Selected Experiences of Self-Revolution by Officers and Soldiers of Unit 75669 through Living Study and Application of Chairman Mao’s Works*, which used the term “self-revolution.” Thereafter, within the academic community, around topics such as learning from heroic figures, improving work style, and reforming government institutions, a number of related works titled “self-revolution” emerged, but their quantity was meager. In 2015, in his speech at the 12th meeting of the Central Leading Group for Comprehensively Deepening Reform [n1], General Secretary Xi Jinping systematically elaborated on “the Party’s self-revolution” for the first time. Subsequently, “self-revolution” became an explicit revolutionary discourse of the Communist Party of China, and a large number of related research results appeared in succession. Before the term “self-revolution” was used explicitly, works discussing the great self-revolution were usually presented in forms such as “Party building,” “combating corruption and promoting integrity,” “the great project,” and “the new great project.” [n2] Applying historical thinking and innovative thinking, General Secretary Xi Jinping not only restored and expanded “self-revolution”

就“自我革命”而言，虽然从党建立之日起就启动伟大自我革命之进程，但“自我革命”概念的使用却长期滞后于伟大自我革命实践。直到20世纪中叶，才出现“自我革命”之术语。李达于1958年强调：科学家须将政治和业务相结合，批判“自己的资产阶级思想，实行自我革命”。1966年，昆明军区政治部编印《怎样对待？七五六九部队九连干部战士活学活用毛主席著作进行自我革命的经验选编》的军内读物，使用了“自我革命”之术语。之后，学术界围绕学习英雄人物、改进作风、政府机构改革等论域，形成了以“自我革命”为题目的相关成果，但数量寥寥。2015年，在中央原全面深化改革领导小组第十二次会议上的讲话中，习近平总书记首次系统阐释“党的自我革命”。此后，“自我革命”成为中国共产党显性的革命话语，并陆续出现大量相关研究成果。在“自我革命”术语被显性使用之前，论及伟大自我革命的相关成果，通常以“党的建设”“反腐倡廉建设”“伟大工程”“新的伟大工程”等形式呈现。习近平总书记运用历史思维和创新思维，不仅将“自我革命”还原和拓展为涵盖党进行刀刃向内革新的所有活动，使自我革命的话语体系由零碎化和分散性趋于系统化和整体性，而且将“党的建设”“反腐倡廉建设”“伟大工程”和“新的伟大工程”等都纳入伟大自我革命框架之内，使自我革命的话语体系由隐性化和间接性趋于显性化和连续性，体现了党一以贯之的不断自我革命观。

As far as "social revolution" is concerned, the use of this concept predates the use of the concepts of "founding spirit of the Party" and "self-revolution." Before the founding of the Communist Party of China, Sun Yat-sen defined the essence of social revolution as "not wanting a few rich people to monopolize benefits." An important reason why the Revolution of 1911 [1]1 The “two great revolutions” refers to the great social revolution (leading the people to transform society) and the great self-revolution (the Party’s self-reform and purification). succeeded in its initial uprising but ultimately failed was the incompleteness of the social revolution centered on "equalization of land rights." General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: Chinese Communists are the "most steadfast supporters," "most loyal cooperators," and "most faithful inheritors" of the Revolution of 1911. From the day the Communist Party of China was founded, Chinese Communists turned Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary entrustment—"I only hope that you will place the responsibility for revitalizing China upon your own shoulders"—into concrete actions for national independence and national liberation, for national prosperity and the people's happiness. The First Program of the Communist Party of China [2]2 A line from the poem “Bamboo in the Rock” by the Qing dynasty poet Zheng Xie, often used to describe resilience. explicitly states: "The fundamental political purpose of the Party" is "to carry out social revolution," and "Long live social revolution!" became the most resounding political slogan of the time. Mao Zedong, Li Da, Wang Jinmei, Li Hanjun, Liu Renjing, and other delegates to the First National Congress of the CPC all produced important discourses on social revolution. Mao Zedong not only clearly stated that Communists are "forever social revolutionaries," but also emphasized using "social science" to "understand society" and "transform society," thereby "carrying out social revolution," pointing the direction for social science research. However, looking at existing academic research results, from 1921, when the First National Congress was held, to 2018, when General Secretary Xi Jinping delivered an important speech at the opening ceremony of a seminar on studying and implementing the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the CPC (referred to as the "January 5 Important Speech"), apart from the high-frequency use of the term "social revolution" during the period of the New Democratic Revolution, "social revolution" did not become a sustained academic and political hotspot. In the "January 5 Important Speech," General Secretary Xi Jinping put forward the scientific judgment that socialism with Chinese characteristics for a New Era is both the "result" and the "continuation" of the great social revolution led by the Party, and that it must be "carried through consistently." This not only positioned "social revolution" as the nature of "socialism with Chinese characteristics for a New Era," but also, from the three perspectives of history, reality, and the future, collectively referred to all practical forms of the Party's struggle as "social revolution." It can be seen that General

就“社会革命”而言，其概念的使用早于“建党精神”和“自我革命”概念的使用。在中国共产党建立之前，孙中山就将社会革命的内涵概括为“不愿少数富人专利”。辛亥革命之所以功败垂成，其重要原因是以“平均地权”为核心的社会革命具有不彻底性。习近平总书记指出：中国共产党人是辛亥革命“最坚定的支持者”“最忠诚的合作者”和“最忠实的继承者”。从中国共产党建立之日起，中国共产党人就将孙中山发出的“惟愿诸君将振兴中国之责任，置之于自身之肩上”的革命嘱托，化作民族独立和民族解放、国家富强和人民幸福的实际行动。《中国共产党第一个纲领》赫然写道：“党的根本政治目的”是“实行社会革命”，“社会革命万岁”成为当时最响亮的政治口号。毛泽东、李达、王尽美、李汉俊、刘仁静等中共一大代表，都有关于社会革命的重要论述。毛泽东不仅明确共产党人“永远是社会革命论者”，而且还强调用“社会科学”来“了解社会”和“改造社会”，进而“进行社会革命”，为社会科学研究指明了方向。但综观现有学术研究成果，从中共一大召开的1921年到2018年习近平总书记在学习贯彻党的十九大精神研讨班开班式上发表重要讲话（简称“１·５重要讲话”），除了在新民主主义革命时期高频次使用了“社会革命”术语之外，“社会革命”并没有成为持续的学术和政治热点。在“1·5重要讲话”中，习近平总书记提出新时代中国特色社会主义是党领导人民进行伟大社会革命的“成果”和“继续”、必须“一以贯之进行下去”的科学判断，不仅将“新时代中国特色社会主义”定位为“社会革命”，而且从历史、现实和将来三个角度将党奋斗的所有实践形式都统称为“社会革命”。可见，习近平总书记用“大革命观”再构和重塑了“社会革命”话语，不仅将微观化和具体化的“大革命”“土地革命”“暴力革命”“新民主主义革命”和“社会主义革命”等，都纳入宏观化和大跨度的社会革命话语体系之中，而且将隐性化的“现代化”“五四运动”“社会主义革命”“社会主义建设”“改革开放”“全面深化改革”“中国式现代化”“中国特色社会主义”“新时代坚持和发展中国特色社会主义”等，都纳入显性化的社会革命话语体系之中，使“社会革命”话语体系呈现“V”形之态。“V”形的左右顶端，分别对应“社会革命”概念使用频率高的两个重要历史时期，即新民主主义革命时期和新时代中国特色社会主义时期；“V”形的底端，分别对应“社会革命”术语较少被使用的两个重要历史时期，即社会主义革命和建设时期、改革开放和社会主义现代化建设新时期。可见，“社会革命”概念的使用，呈现话语上的阶段性失踪和非连续性样态。习近平总书记的“社会革命”话语体系，接续了处于断裂状态的“社会革命”的话语链条，使其呈现“复连”状态，体现了“整体社会革命观”“贯通社会革命观”“阶段社会革命观”和“彻底社会革命观”，不仅为党指明了未来奋斗的路径和方向，而且也增强了以伟大建党精神支撑“两个伟大革命”的政治共识和行动自觉。

II. Historical Grounds for the Great Founding Spirit of the Party to Lead the “Two Great Revolutions”

二、伟大建党精神引领“两个伟大革命”的历史理据

The great founding spirit of the Party runs through the entire course of the great self-revolution and the great social revolution. Among the three, there exist multidimensional relational forms such as the simultaneity of emergence, the overlapping of roles, the synchronicity of process, the complementarity of function, and the proximity of characteristics, which reflect the historical inevitability of using the great founding spirit of the Party to lead the “two great revolutions.”

伟大建党精神贯通于伟大自我革命和社会革命之始终，三者之间呈现出场的共时性、角色的叠合性、进程的同步性、功能的相辅性、特点的相近性等多维关系形态，折射了以伟大建党精神引领“两个伟大革命”的历史必然性。

The so-called “simultaneity of emergence” means that the great founding spirit of the Party and the “two great revolutions” stepped onto China’s historical stage at the same time. The great founding spirit of the Party was forged in the founding of the Party. The great social revolution and the great self-revolution first appeared in the *First Program of the Communist Party of China* promulgated in July 1921. In this program, the expression concerning the “social revolution” is explicit, clearly using the term “social revolution.” However, the expression concerning the “self-revolution” is implicit. The program stipulates conditions for Party membership such as “recognizing the Party’s program and policies,” that those who wish to join the Party must “sever all connections with parties and groups that attempt to oppose the Party’s program,” and that the “Central Executive Committee” has the function of “supervision.” Although it lacks the name of “self-revolution,” it possesses the substance of “self-revolution.”

所谓“出场的共时性”，指伟大建党精神和“两个伟大革命”同时登上中国的历史舞台。伟大建党精神铸就于党的建立，伟大社会革命和自我革命最早出现在1921年7月颁布的《中国共产党第一个纲领》中，该纲领关于“社会革命”的表述是显性的，明确使用了“社会革命”之术语。但关于“自我革命”的表述则是隐性的，纲领中以“承认本党纲领和政策”“愿成为忠实党员的人”为入党条件，有志入党的人必须与“企图反对本党纲领的党派和集团断绝一切联系”和“中央执行委员会”具有“监督”的职能等规约，虽无“自我革命”之名，但却有“自我革命”之实。

The so-called “overlapping of roles” means that in the Party’s course of struggle, Chinese Communists bear multiple identities simultaneously: they are the forgers, bearers, inheritors, and promoters of the great founding spirit of the Party; they are both the revolutionaries and the objects of revolution in the great self-revolution; and they are also the designers, initiators, leaders, and practitioners of the great social revolution. Such role positioning not only makes the founding spirit of the Party the source of “Party consciousness” and “Party member consciousness,” but also makes the “two great revolutions” the arena for displaying and testing “Party consciousness” and “Party member consciousness.” The process of strengthening “Party consciousness” is the process of clarifying “who” the Communist Party of China is and “what it does”; the process of strengthening “Party member consciousness” is the process of clarifying “who” a member of the Communist Party of China is and “what he or she does.” Only when every Communist Party member can strengthen “Party member consciousness” with a high degree of political consciousness can “Party consciousness” be maximized and optimized.

所谓“角色的叠合性”，指在党的奋斗历程中，中国共产党人兼具多重身份，是伟大建党精神的铸造者、承载者、传承者和弘扬者，是伟大自我革命的革命者和革命对象，也是伟大社会革命的设计者、发动者、领导者和实践者。这样的角色定位，不仅使建党精神成为“党的意识”和“党员意识”之渊薮，而且也使“两个伟大革命”成为“党的意识”和“党员意识”的展示场和检验场。增强“党的意识”的过程，就是明确中国共产党“是谁”和“干什么”的过程；增强“党员意识”的过程，就是明确中国共产党党员“是谁”和“干什么”的过程。只有每一位共产党员都能以高度的政治自觉强化“党员意识”，“党的意识”才能最大化和最优化地体现。

What is called “synchronicity of process” refers to the fact that the great founding spirit of the Party and the “two great revolutions” [n1] are in perfect harmony and move forward in the same direction. The great founding spirit of the Party and the “two great revolutions” have accompanied each other for a century, sharing the same track and the same ethos. They not only share a common reason for “setting out,” but have also both traversed more than a hundred years of overlapping and interwoven “paths traveled” and “pasts traversed.” Looking back at the history of the Communist Party of China, the great founding spirit of the Party has never been absent from or lacked participation in the practical process of the “two great revolutions.” Moreover, together with the “two great revolutions,” it has respectively constituted the main line of revolutionary spirit and the main line of revolutionary practice of the Party, which, despite enduring hardships, has stood firmly at the forefront of the times. A history of the CPC is both a history of the construction and promotion of the great founding spirit of the Party and a history of the expansion and deepening of the great self-revolution and social revolution.

所谓“进程的同步性”，指伟大建党精神和“两个伟大革命”同符合契、同向同行。伟大建党精神和“两个伟大革命”百年相从、同轨同风，不仅有共同的“出发”的理由，而且都历经百余年叠合交错的“走过的路”和“走过的过去”。回望中国共产党的历史，伟大建党精神不仅从未远离或缺席“两个伟大革命”的实践过程，而且还与“两个伟大革命”一起分别构成党虽历经风霜却稳屹潮头的革命精神主线与革命实践主线，一部中共党史既是一部伟大建党精神的建构史和弘扬史，又是一部伟大自我革命和社会革命的拓展史和深化史。

What is called “complementarity of function” refers to the fact that the great founding spirit of the Party and the “two great revolutions” work together with the same force and enhance each other. A great spirit accomplishes a great cause. The great founding spirit of the Party is the surging driving force leading the “two great revolutions,” and the “two great revolutions” are the practical means of practicing and promoting the great founding spirit of the Party. The “two great revolutions” without the guidance and support of the great founding spirit of the Party are blind; the great founding spirit of the Party without the nurturing and continuation of the “two great revolutions” is empty. Precisely because of the guidance and support of the great founding spirit of the Party, the Party has been able to continuously overcome difficulties and write a magnificent epic that is unparalleled and shines brightly in the annals of history.

所谓“功能的相辅性”，指伟大建党精神和“两个伟大革命”同力同行、相得益彰。伟大精神成就伟大事业，伟大建党精神是引领“两个伟大革命”的磅礴动力，“两个伟大革命”是践行和弘扬伟大建党精神的实践方式。没有伟大建党精神引领和支撑的“两个伟大革命”是盲目的，没有“两个伟大革命”抚育和赓续的伟大建党精神是空洞的。正由于有伟大建党精神的引领和支撑，党才能不断攻坚克难，书写罕有其匹、彪炳史册的恢宏史诗。

What is called “proximity of characteristics” refers to the fact that the great founding spirit of the Party, like the “two great revolutions,” takes on the momentum of a single spark starting a prairie fire and is the unity of both pervasiveness and concreteness. In the long river of the Party’s century-long struggle, the great founding spirit of the Party has not only been passed down from generation to generation, consistently running through the process of the “two great revolutions,” but has also endured and been renewed, giving rise to various concrete spiritual forms, forming a spiritual pedigree that organically unifies the “source” and the “flow.” This has enabled the great self-revolution of transforming the subjective world to undergo a transformation in discourse from the “great project” to the “new great project,” from the “new great project of the new period” to the “new great project of the New Era,” and from “strict governance of the Party” to “comprehensive and strict governance of the Party.” It has also enabled the great social revolution of transforming the objective world to undergo an evolution in discourse from “violent revolution” to “peaceful transformation,” from “reform and opening up” to “comprehensive deepening of reform,” from “comprehensive deepening of reform” to “further comprehensive deepening of reform,” from “pre-Chinese-path modernization” to “Chinese-path modernization,” and from “high-quality development of the economy” to “high-quality development of the nation.” This has not only created a “new revolutionary history paradigm” but has also provided cognitive guidance for Chinese Communists to establish a correct view of history, revolution, and modernization.

所谓“特点的相近性”，指伟大建党精神和“两个伟大革命”一样，都呈星火燎原之势，都是贯通性和具体性的统一。在党百余年奋斗的历史长河中，伟大建党精神不仅薪火相传、始终贯通于“两个伟大革命”的进程中，而且历久弥新、衍生出各种具体性的精神形态，形成“源”与“流”有机统一的精神谱系，使改造主观世界的伟大自我革命经历了由“伟大工程”到“新的伟大工程”、由“新时期的新的伟大工程”到“新时代的新的伟大工程”、由“从严治党”到“全面从严治党”等话语的转换，使改造客观世界的伟大社会革命经历了由“暴力革命”到“和平变革”、由“改革开放”到“全面深化改革”、由“全面深化改革”到“进一步全面深化改革”、由“前中国式现代化”到“中国式现代化”、由“经济的高质量发展”到“国家的高质量发展”等话语的嬗变，不仅开创了“新革命史范式”，而且为中国共产党人树立正确的历史观、革命观和现代化观提供了认知指南。

III. Practical Grounds for the Great Founding Spirit of the Party to Lead the “Two Great Revolutions”

三、伟大建党精神引领“两个伟大革命”的实践理据

The great founding spirit of the Party contains both the practical attribute of the Party’s self-revolution and embodies the practical orientation of the Party leading the people in carrying out the great social revolution.

伟大建党精神既内含党的自我革命的实践属性，又体现党领导人民进行伟大社会革命的实践指向。

First, the dimension of “upholding truth and坚守 ideals” within the great founding spirit of the Party manifests, on the level of the great self-revolution, the ideological quality and unique advantage of Communists in sacrificing themselves for the truth and remaining unswerving, and, on the level of the great social revolution, clarifies the goals and direction of the Party’s struggle, answering the question of “where does Chinese-path modernization come from.”

首先，伟大建党精神中的“坚持真理、坚守理想”维度，既从伟大自我革命层面彰显共产党人舍身求法、始终不渝的思想品质和独特优势，又从伟大社会革命层面明确党奋斗的目标和方向，回答了中国式现代化“从哪走”的问题。

“Upholding truth” means upholding Marxism, which occupies the commanding heights of human thought, and upholding the fundamental principles within the Marxist ideological system that possess universality and fundamentality. “坚守 ideals” means, at the level of political faith and ideological system, adhering to the lofty aspiration of communism, and, at the level of social system and social state, adhering to the communist goal of struggle. The reason why the Communist Party of China has been able to endure hardships and be reborn from the ashes, displaying a posture of “withstanding a thousand blows yet remaining strong,” [n2] is precisely because the Party, based on changes in the world situation, the Party’s conditions, and national conditions, has timely integrated Marxist truth and communist ideals into the process of the “two great revolutions.” On the level of the great self-revolution, it has organically unified the lofty ideal of communism with the common ideal of socialism with Chinese characteristics. On the level of the great social revolution, it has organically unified the maximum program with the minimum program, and the maximum program with the basic program, reflecting both the inherent unity of ultimate ideals and stage-based ideals and demonstrating the practical wholeness of ultimate goals and stage-based goals. The common ideal of socialism with Chinese characteristics is an organic component of the lofty ideal of communism, and the lofty ideal of communism is the value orientation of the common ideal of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Engels said: the Party’s “program” is “a banner publicly raised,” the basis on which the outside world “judges this Party.” [n3] The maximum program is known as the “social revolutionary program,” possessing pervasiveness and consistency, aimed at abolishing private ownership and establishing the “association” envisioned by Marx and Engels, “in which the free development of each is the condition for the free development of all.” [n4] The minimum program was the Party’s social revolutionary program during the New Democratic Revolution period, possessing stage-based and concrete characteristics, aimed at overthrowing the warlords and international imperialism, achieving national independence and people’s liberation. The basic program has continuously expanded and deepened, developing from the “three-sphere integrated plan” to the “five-sphere integrated plan,” [n5] evolving from an initial focus on economy, politics, and culture, seeking the modernity of prosperity, democracy, and civilization, to a focus on economy, politics, culture, society, and ecology, seeking the modernity of prosperity, democracy, civilization, harmony, and beauty. In the process of organically advancing the realization of the maximum program, the minimum program, and the basic program, Chinese Communists have gradually adapted the Marxist theories of the “two inevitables” and the “two will nots” [n6] to the Chinese context and the needs of the times, striving to accumulate sufficient and mature material conditions for establishing new and higher relations of production. To this end, Mao Zedong regarded the ability to shoulder the two responsibilities of “immediate responsibility” and “future lofty ideals” as an important criterion for measuring a “down-to-earth Marxist,” [n7] and General Secretary Xi Jinping regards the ability to deeply understand the long-term reality and historical inevitability of realizing the Party’s maximum program as an important yardstick for measuring a “loyal Communist.” [n8] These understandings not only contain profound Marxist implications but also highlight the characteristic of Chinese Communists dialectically unifying the “stage-based view of revolution” with the “thoroughgoing view of revolution.”

“坚持真理”就是坚持占据人类思想制高点的马克思主义，就是坚持马克思主义思想体系中具有普遍性和根本性的基本原理；“坚守理想”就是在政治信仰和思想体系层面坚守共产主义远大志向，就是在社会制度和社会状态层面坚守共产主义奋斗目标。中国共产党之所以能够历经苦难而浴火重生，体现出“千磨万击还坚劲”的态势，就是因为党能够基于世情、党情和国情的变化，适时地将马克思主义真理和共产主义理想融入“两个伟大革命”进程中，在伟大自我革命层面将共产主义远大理想和中国特色社会主义共同理想有机统一，在伟大社会革命层面将最高纲领和最低纲领有机统一、将最高纲领和基本纲领有机统一，既体现终极性理想和阶段性理想的内在统一性，又展示终极性目标和阶段性目标的实践整体性。中国特色社会主义共同理想是共产主义远大理想的有机构成，共产主义远大理想是中国特色社会主义共同理想的价值归依。恩格斯说：党的“纲领”是“一面公开树立起来的旗帜”，是外界“判断这个党”的依据”。最高纲领有“社会革命政纲”之称，具有贯通性和一致性，旨在铲除私有制，建立马克思和恩格斯所构想的“每个人的自由发展”是“一切人的自由发展的条件”的“联合体”。最低纲领是党在新民主主义时期的社会革命纲领，具有阶段性和具体性，旨在打倒军阀和推翻国际帝国主义，实现民族独立和人民解放。基本纲领不断增容和深化，由“三位一体”发展至“五位一体”，由最初的立足于经济、政治和文化，诉求富强、民主和文明的现代性，嬗变和拓展至立足于经济、政治、文化、社会和生态，诉求富强、民主、文明、和谐和美丽的现代性。在有机推进实现最高纲领、最低纲领和基本纲领的进程中，中国共产党人逐渐将马克思主义关于“两个必然”和“两个绝不会”的理论中国化时代化，努力为确立新的和更高的生产关系累积充分而成熟的物质条件。为此，毛泽东将能否肩负起“现实责任”和“将来远大理想”的两种责任作为衡量“踏实的马克思主义者”的重要标准，习近平总书记将能否深刻认识实现党的最高纲领的现实长期性和历史必然性作为衡量“忠诚的共产党员”的重要标尺。这些认识，不仅蕴含深刻的马克思主义之意蕴，而且也凸显了中国共产党人将“阶段革命观”与“彻底革命观”辩证统一的特点。

Second, the dimension of “practicing the original aspiration and undertaking the mission” within the great founding spirit of the Party manifests, on the level of the great self-revolution, the political essence and distinctive feature of Communists in conducting themselves and acting selflessly, and, on the level of the great social revolution, clarifies the starting point and positioning of the Party’s struggle, answering the question of “where does Chinese-path modernization go.”

其次，伟大建党精神中的“践行初心、担当使命”维度，既从伟大自我革命层面彰显共产党人立身行事、行己无私的政治本色和鲜明特色，又从伟大社会革命层面明确党奋斗的起点和定位，回答了中国式现代化“走到哪”的问题。

In China, the term “people” (民) has a specific dual interpretation: “the Chinese nation” (中华民族) and “the Chinese people” (中国人民). The original aspiration and mission of Chinese Communists is the organic unity of “seeking happiness for the Chinese people” and “seeking rejuvenation for the Chinese nation.” The Communist Party of China was born for the people, fights for the people, stands because of the people, and thrives because of the people. “Acting on the original aspiration” means always adhering to the concept that “the people are the foundation of the state” (民惟邦本) [9]9 Xi Jinping, "Speech at the Ceremony Marking the 95th Anniversary of the Founding of the Communist Party of China" (July 1, 2016)., and taking the realization of the people’s aspiration for a better life as the goal of advancing the “two great revolutions.” “Shouldering the mission” means always holding firm to the conviction that the Chinese nation will surely be rejuvenated, and with the spirit of “I am here to set things right” (匡复有吾在), unflinchingly taking on the historical responsibility of carrying out the “two great revolutions.” The Chinese nation, having experienced both glory and suffering, has a profound understanding of the meaning of rejuvenation and harbors ardent hopes for it. The counterpart concept of “rejuvenation” (复兴) is “decline” (衰落). China’s “decline” has two frames of reference: first, vertically, between “ancient and modern,” relative to periods such as the “Rule of Wen and Jing” (文景之治) and the “Reign of Zhenguan” (贞观之治) [10]10 Mao Zedong, "Speech at the First Congress of the Socialist Youth League of China" (July 1921), in *Collected Works of Mao Zedong*, vol. 1., the state of hardship and collapse in modern times; second, horizontally, between “China and the West,” the great dislocation between East and West in early modern times, where China’s decline and the West’s rise intensified in opposite directions, turning the once-glorious Chinese nation into a laggard of civilization. Semantically, “rejuvenation” means “the reappearance of glory” or “rising again after decline.” But in practice, the “two great revolutions,” which shoulder the mission of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, are not simple restoration or mechanical repetition, but a continuous creation that embodies the “trend of the times” (时势) of the “era.” General Secretary Xi Jinping’s “July 1st Important Speech” commemorating the Party’s centenary and the resolution of the Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the CPC respectively summarized the “four great achievements” and the “four great leaps” [11]11 A classical allusion to Wang Anshi's poem "Climbing Feilai Peak" (1050), meaning not to be misled by superficial phenomena. achieved by the Party in leading the great social revolution through the great self-revolution. These achievements and leaps are both the content of creation and the crystallization of creation; they are the necessary path for the Party to continue leading the people in creation, and also the only way for national rejuvenation.

在中国，“民”的特定双解是“中华民族”和“中国人民”。中国共产党人的初心和使命，是“为中国人民谋幸福”和“为中华民族谋复兴”的有机统一。中国共产党既为民而生、为民而战，又因民而立、因民而兴。“践行初心”就是始终坚守“民惟邦本”的理念，把实现人民对美好生活的向往作为推进“两个伟大革命”的奋斗目标。“担当使命”就是始终抱定中华民族必定复兴的信念，以“匡复有吾在”的气概，义无反顾地肩负起进行“两个伟大革命”的历史重任。中华民族历经辉煌和苦难，对复兴的意义有深刻的理解，对复兴的希望怀有热切的期盼。“复兴”的对应概念是“衰落”，中国的“衰落”有两个参照系：一是立足纵向的“古-今”之间，相对“文景之治”和“贞观之治”等所形成的近代凋敝难支状态；二是立足横向“中-西”之间，近代初期出现东西方大错位，中国的衰落和西方的崛起呈逆向强化趋势，曾经辉煌的中华民族成为文明的落伍者。语义学上，“复兴”意为“辉煌之重现”或“衰落后再崛起”。但在实践上，肩负实现中华民族伟大复兴之使命的“两个伟大革命”，不是简单的复古或机械的重现，而是体现“时代”之“时势”的持续的创造。习近平总书记发表的纪念党百年华诞的“七一重要讲话”和党的十九届六中全会的决议，分别概括总结了党以伟大自我革命引领伟大社会革命所取得的“四个伟大成就”和所实现的“四个伟大飞跃”。这些成就和飞跃，既是创造的内容，又是创造的结晶,是党继续领导人民进行创造的必由之路，也是民族复兴的不二法门。

Thirdly, the dimension of “fearing no sacrifice and fighting valiantly” in the great founding spirit of the Party, on the one hand, manifests from the level of the great self-revolution the revolutionary will and behavioral qualities of Communists who sacrifice their lives for righteousness and struggle unremittingly, and on the other hand, clarifies from the level of the great social revolution the Party’s methods and characteristics of struggle, answering the question of “how to go” in Chinese-path modernization.

再次，伟大建党精神中的“不怕牺牲、英勇斗争”维度，既从伟大自我革命层面彰显共产党人舍生取义、不懈奋斗的革命意志和行为品质，又从伟大社会革命层面明确党奋斗的方式和特质，回答了中国式现代化“如何走”的问题。

Chinese Communists are “Marxist historicists.” The great founding spirit of the Party of “fearing no sacrifice and fighting valiantly” is both a true portrayal of Marx’s lifelong mission of “fighting for the emancipation of mankind” and his lofty aspiration of “working for mankind” without sparing sacrifice, and the ideological crystallization of Chinese Communists inheriting and developing the excellent traditional Chinese culture. In the Party’s history of struggle, the great founding spirit of the Party of “fearing no sacrifice and fighting valiantly” has been tempered in the practice of the great self-revolution and manifested in the process of the great social revolution. The “Long March Spirit,” “Anti-Japanese War Spirit,” “Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea Spirit,” “Red Crag Spirit,” “Examination Spirit,” “Iron Man Spirit” [12]12 Xia Minghan (1900–1928), a CPC revolutionary executed by the Kuomintang; the quoted line is from his poem "Prison Song.", etc., which were nurtured and formed in different stages of the “two great revolutions,” are in the same lineage as the great founding spirit of the Party, providing inexhaustible impetus for the “two great revolutions” and also reflecting the distinct characteristics of the times in which the Party led the “two great revolutions” at different stages.

中国共产党人是“马克思主义的历史主义者”。“不怕牺牲、英勇斗争”的伟大建党精神，既是马克思把“为人类解放而奋斗”作为毕生之使命、报不惜牺牲“为人类而工作”的高远志向的真实写照，又是中国共产党人继承和发展中华优秀传统文化的思想结晶。在党的奋斗史上，“不怕牺牲、英勇斗争”的伟大建党精神，既淬炼于伟大自我革命实践中，又彰显于伟大社会革命进程中。孕育和形成于“两个伟大革命”不同阶段的“长征精神”“抗战精神”“抗美援朝精神”“红岩精神”“赶考精神”“铁人精神”等，与伟大建党精神一脉相承，为“两个伟大革命”提供了不竭动力，也折射党领导不同阶段的“两个伟大革命”的鲜明时代特征。

Finally, the dimension of “being loyal to the Party and living up to the people’s trust” in the great founding spirit of the Party, on the one hand, manifests from the level of the great self-revolution the lofty sentiments and life realm of Communists who are selfless and utterly devoted to serving the country, and on the other hand, clarifies from the level of the great social revolution the orientation and value of the Party’s struggle, answering the question of “for whom to go” in Chinese-path modernization.

最后，伟大建党精神中的“对党忠诚、不负人民”维度，既从伟大自我革命层面彰显共产党人我将无我、精忠报国的崇高情怀和人生境界，又从伟大社会革命层面明确党奋斗的取向和价值，回答了中国式现代化“为谁走”的问题。

“Being loyal to the Party” is the distinct political character of Communists, and “living up to the people’s trust” is the unique value orientation of Communists. Cai Hesen’s “Loyalty is imprinted on the heart, vast and filling the universe” (忠诚印寸心,浩然充两间), Zhou Wenyong’s “A brave man’s head falls for the Party, a good man’s body is shattered for the masses” (壮士头颅为党落，好汉身躯为群裂), and Jiao Yulu’s public servant sentiment of “having the entire people in his heart, but not himself” [13]13 Fang Zhimin (1899–1935), a CPC military leader executed by the Kuomintang; the quote is from his prison writing "Lovable China." fully embody the ideological essence and bright底色 of Chinese Communists. Internationally, there is always an anti-China force maliciously smearing the CPC. The attempt criticized by General Secretary

“对党忠诚”是共产党人的鲜明政治品格，“不负人民”是共产党人的独特价值取向，蔡和森的“忠诚印寸心,浩然充两间”、周文雍的“壮士头颅为党落，好汉身躯为群裂”以及焦裕禄的“心中装着全体人民、唯独没有他自己”的公仆情怀，充分体现中国共产党人的思想精髓和鲜亮底色。在国际上，总有一股反华势力恶意抹黑中国共产党，习近平总书记所批评的“把中国共产党同中国人民分割开来”的企图，在本质上就是肢解有机统一的党与人民的血肉相连。政之所兴，在顺民心。中国共产党区别其他政党的独特优势和显著标志，是体现马克思主义政党的人民性。中国共产党的领导是人民的选择，人民立场是“两个伟大革命”的根本政治立场，人民利益是“两个伟大革命”的根本着眼点和落脚点。始终忠实代表最广大人民根本利益，始终坚守“人民就是江山”的信念和宗旨，是党的伟大自我革命的成就，也是党领导人民不断取得伟大社会革命胜利的原因。

IV. The Value Rationale of the Great Party-Building Spirit in Leading the "Two Great Revolutions"

四、伟大建党精神引领“两个伟大革命”的价值理据

Inheriting and promoting the great Party-building spirit helps strengthen the theoretical consciousness of "upholding truth and坚守 ideals," providing belief support for implementing the requirement set forth in the decision of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee to "maintain a high degree of consciousness in using the Party's self-revolution to lead social revolution."

传承和弘扬伟大建党精神，有助于增强“坚持真理、坚守理想”的理论自觉，为贯彻党的二十届三中全会决定提出的“保持以党的自我革命引领社会革命的高度自觉”的要求提供了信念支撑。

The process of the formation and development of the great Party-building spirit, as well as the continuous advancement of the "two great revolutions," is the process of fulfilling the two historical tasks of achieving national independence and national liberation, national prosperity and strength, and the people's happiness. It is also the process of selecting and verifying "doctrines." [9]9 Xi Jinping, "Speech at the Ceremony Marking the 95th Anniversary of the Founding of the Communist Party of China" (July 1, 2016). General Secretary Xi Jinping points out: "What kind of doctrine a country implements depends crucially on whether that doctrine can solve the historical issues facing that country." The reason Marxism was able to demonstrate a theoretical bearing of natural selection in the process of overcoming such "doctrines" as reformism, pragmatism, anarchism, syndicalism, and New Villageism, and was ultimately chosen by the Chinese people, is that Marxism enabled the Chinese people to shift spiritually "from passivity to initiative" and provided powerful spiritual momentum for the "two great revolutions." The Communist Party of China is a political community with a shared "doctrine," and Chinese Communists are the bearers and practitioners of the truth of Marxism and the faith of communism. A shared "doctrine" is the cognitive foundation for shared "action." Mao Zedong once made the judgment that "without a doctrine" one "cannot create an atmosphere," and compared "doctrine" to a "flag" that Communists can "look to" and "know where to go." [10]10 Mao Zedong, "Speech at the First Congress of the Socialist Youth League of China" (July 1921), in *Collected Works of Mao Zedong*, vol. 1. "Doctrine" not only enables Communists to avoid "a blind man riding a blind horse," but also helps them "not be blocked by floating clouds from seeing far" in matters of principle. [11]11 A classical allusion to Wang Anshi's poem "Climbing Feilai Peak" (1050), meaning not to be misled by superficial phenomena. Knowledge is the beginning of action, and action is the completion of knowledge. It is precisely because they take the truth of Marxism as the spiritual lifeline of Communists and the ideal of communism as the practical beacon of Communists that Xia Minghan could display the unyielding integrity of "beheading is nothing, as long as the doctrine is true" in prison. [12]12 Xia Minghan (1900–1928), a CPC revolutionary executed by the Kuomintang; the quoted line is from his poem "Prison Song." It is precisely because he firmly believed that "the doctrine we believe in is the truth of the universe" that Fang Zhimin uttered the bold words: "The enemy can cut off our heads, but can never shake our faith." [13]13 Fang Zhimin (1899–1935), a CPC military leader executed by the Kuomintang; the quote is from his prison writing "Lovable China." It is precisely because he firmly believed that "look at the future world, it will surely be a world of red flags" that Li Dazhao calmly told the executioner: "You cannot strangle great communism just because you have strangled me today." [14]14 Li Dazhao (1889–1927), a co-founder of the CPC, executed by the warlord Zhang Zuolin.

伟大建党精神形成和发展的过程，以及“两个伟大革命”不断推进的过程，是实现民族独立和民族解放、国家富强和人民幸福两大历史任务的过程，也是“主义”的选择和验证过程。习近平总书记指出：“一个国家实行什么样的主义，关键要看这个主义能否解决这个国家面临的历史性课题。”马克思主义之所以能够在战胜改良主义、实用主义、无政府主义、工联主义、新村主义等“主义”的过程中展示出物竞天择的理论气度，并最终被中国人民所选择，是因为马克思主义能使中国人在精神上“由被动转为主动”，并为“两个伟大革命”提供强大精神动能。中国共产党是有共同“主义”的政治共同体，中国共产党人是马克思主义真理和共产主义信仰的承载者与践行者。共同的“主义”，是共同“行动”的认知基础。毛泽东曾提出“没有主义”是“造不成空气”的判断，并把“主义”比作共产党人“有所指望”和“知所趋赴”的“旗子”。“主义”不仅可使共产党人避免“盲人骑瞎马”，而且还会助力共产党人在大是大非面前“不畏浮云遮望眼”。知是行之始，行是知之成。正因为以马克思主义真理为共产党人的精神命脉、以共产主义理想为共产党人的实践航标，才有了夏明翰的“砍头不要紧，只要主义真”的图国忘死之贞烈。正因为坚信“我们信仰的主义，乃是宇宙的真理”，方志敏才发出了“敌人只能砍下我们的头颅，决不能动摇我们的信仰”的豪言。正因为坚信“试看将来的环球，必是赤旗的世界”，李大钊才泰然地正告刽子手“不能因为你们今天绞死了我，就绞死了伟大的共产主义”。

Inheriting and promoting the great Party-building spirit helps strengthen the political consciousness of "remaining true to our original aspiration and founding mission and bearing our mission in mind," providing goal guidance for implementing the requirement set forth in the decision of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee to "maintain a high degree of consciousness in using the Party's self-revolution to lead social revolution."

传承和弘扬伟大建党精神，有助于增强“践行初心、担当使命”的政治自觉，为贯彻党的二十届三中全会决定提出的“保持以党的自我革命引领社会革命的高度自觉”的要求提供了目标引领。

The creative transformation and expansion of Mao Zedong’s “Two Musts” [1]1 The “two great revolutions” refers to the great social revolution (leading the people to transform society) and the great self-revolution (the Party’s self-reform and purification). into the “Three Musts” [2]2 A line from the poem “Bamboo in the Rock” by the Qing dynasty poet Zheng Xie, often used to describe resilience. is an original contribution of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core. The first of the “Three Musts” is “must never forget the original aspiration and founding mission.” From the perspective of political party history, “original aspiration” specifically refers to the Party’s nature, purpose, and goals, while “founding mission” specifically refers to the Party members’ conscientious performance of their duties to fulfill the original aspiration. From the perspective of the Communist Party of China, “original aspiration” tends to embody the Party’s ideals and beliefs, while “founding mission” tends to embody the responsibility and commitment of Communists. Continuously advancing the great self-revolution not only reflects the determination and will of Chinese Communists to never forget their original aspiration, but also constitutes a prerequisite for Chinese Communists to fulfill their founding mission. The great social revolution, including further comprehensively deepening reform and opening up and the practice of Chinese-path modernization, is both a concrete manifestation of Chinese Communists never forgetting their original aspiration and a practical form of Chinese Communists fulfilling their founding mission. The Communist Party of China is a party nurtured and forged by the great founding spirit of the Party, a party that embarked on the journey to seek happiness for the Chinese people and rejuvenation for the Chinese nation with its original aspiration and founding mission, a party that turns its original aspiration and founding mission into conscious action to advance the “two great revolutions,” and a party that interprets its original aspiration and founding mission through the historic achievements of the “two great revolutions.” In the process of the “two great revolutions,” the original aspiration is like a torch and the founding mission is as firm as a rock. Forging ahead and acting resolutely around the original aspiration and founding mission is an important reason why the Party could accomplish historical tasks that other political forces could not, and it is also the secret to the Chinese nation’s rejuvenation entering an irreversible historical process.

将毛泽东提出的“两个务必”，创造性地转化和拓展为“三个务必”，是以习近平同志为核心的党中央的原创性贡献。“三个务必”的第一条，就是“务必不忘初心、牢记使命”。从政党史角度看，“初心”特指党的性质宗旨和奋斗目标，“使命”特指政党成员为践行初心而恪尽职守。从中国共产党角度看，“初心”侧重于体现党的理想与信念，“使命”侧重于体现共产党人的责任与担当。不断推进伟大自我革命，既体现中国共产党人不忘初心的决心意志，又是中国共产党人践行使命的前提条件。包括进一步全面深化改革和中国式现代化实践等在内的伟大社会革命，既是中国共产党人不忘初心的具体表现，又是中国共产党人践行使命的实践形式。中国共产党是用伟大建党精神滋养和浇筑的党，是带着初心和使命踏上为中国人民谋幸福、为中华民族谋复兴的党，是把初心和使命变成推进“两个伟大革命”的自觉行动的党，是用“两个伟大革命”的历史性成就诠释党的初心和使命的党。在“两个伟大革命”进程中，初心如炬、使命如磐，围绕初心和使命奋楫笃行，是党能够完成其它政治力量未能完成的历史任务的重要原因，也是中华民族伟大复兴进入不可逆转历史进程之秘籍。

Inheriting and promoting the great founding spirit of the Party helps to enhance the conscious action of “fearing no sacrifice and fighting valiantly,” providing a strong will to implement the requirement put forward in the decision of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Party [3]3 A paraphrase of Engels’s statement in his 1875 letter to August Bebel regarding the Gotha Program. of “maintaining a high degree of consciousness in using the Party’s self-revolution to lead the social revolution.”

传承和弘扬伟大建党精神，有助于增强“不怕牺牲、英勇斗争”的行动自觉，为贯彻党的二十届三中全会决定提出的“保持以党的自我革命引领社会革命的高度自觉”的要求提供了坚强意志。

The spirit of “fearing no sacrifice and fighting valiantly” originates from the excellent traditional Chinese culture with a long history, is tempered in the revolutionary culture of modern times, and is manifested in the advanced socialist culture formed after the founding of New China. “Fearing no sacrifice” contains the spiritual essence of seeking righteousness and the Way (义法), [4]4 A quotation from *The Communist Manifesto* (1848) by Marx and Engels. while “fighting valiantly” is the externalization of this spiritual essence; fearing no sacrifice is the faith foundation and value soul of fighting valiantly. The “righteousness” (义) and the “Way” (法) sought by Chinese Communists were embodied in the struggle for national independence and people’s liberation during the New Democratic Revolution, and after the founding of New China, in the pursuit of national prosperity and people’s happiness. The spirit of “fearing no sacrifice and fighting valiantly” is both the spiritual force supporting the “two great revolutions” and the spiritual crystallization of the “two great revolutions.” In 1945, Mao Zedong, reviewing the New Democratic Revolution, asserted: “From ancient times, no group in China, like the Communist Party, has spared no sacrifice.” History shows that the Communist Party of China is a party that both “knows its own purpose” and possesses the “indomitable spirit indispensable” for achieving its purpose. The great founding spirit of the Party of “fearing no sacrifice and fighting valiantly” has tempered the will of Communists to carry out the “two great revolutions,” endowing Chinese Communists with the solemnity of “daring to sacrifice for a greater cause” and the heroic spirit of “daring to make the sun and moon shine in a new sky.” [5]5 The “three-sphere integrated plan” refers to the earlier overall plan for socialist modernization covering economic, political, and cultural construction; the “five-sphere integrated plan” adds social and ecological construction. It is precisely because of this spirit that the Party was able to lead the people to victory in the revolution and establish New China.

“不怕牺牲、英勇斗争”精神，缘起于具有悠久历史的中华优秀传统文化，淬炼于近代以来的革命文化，彰显于新中国成立之后形成的社会主义先进文化。“不怕牺牲”内含取义求法的精神本质，“英勇斗争”是取义求法精神本质之外化，不怕牺牲是英勇斗争的信念基础及价值魂魄。中国共产党人所取之“义”和所求之“法”，在新民主主义革命时期体现为争取民族独立和人民解放，在新中国建立之后体现为诉求国家富强和人民幸福。“不怕牺牲、英勇斗争”精神，既是支撑“两个伟大革命”的精神力量，又是“两个伟大革命”的精神结晶。1945年，毛泽东在回顾新民主主义革命时断言：“从古以来，中国没有一个集团，像共产党一样，不惜牺牲一切。”历史表明，中国共产党是既“知道自己的目的”，又具有达到自己的目的“所必不可缺的顽强精神”的党。“不怕牺牲、英勇斗争”的伟大建党精神，锤炼了共产党人进行“两个伟大革命”的意志，赋予中国共产党人“为有牺牲多壮志”的悲壮和“敢教日月换新天”的豪迈。正是因为有这种精神，才使党领导全国人民取得革命的胜利，成立新中国。

Inheriting and promoting the great founding spirit of the Party helps to enhance the value consciousness of “being loyal to the Party and faithful to the people,” providing a principled stance for implementing the requirement put forward in the decision of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Party of “maintaining a high degree of consciousness in using the Party’s self-revolution to lead the social revolution.”

传承和弘扬伟大建党精神，有助于增强“对党忠诚、不负人民”的价值自觉，为贯彻党的二十届三中全会决定提出的“保持以党的自我革命引领社会革命的高度自觉”的要求提供了原则立场。

“Being loyal to the Party and faithful to the people” is the dialectical unity of Party spirit and people-centeredness. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasizes that “Party spirit” is a “question of standpoint,” and “standpoint” is the “standpoint of the Party and the people.” Abiding by the Party Program and Party Constitution, practicing the “Four Obediences,” [6]6 “Two inevitables”: the inevitable collapse of capitalism and the inevitable victory of communism. “Two will nots”: no social order ever perishes before all the productive forces for which there is room in it have developed, and new, higher relations of production never appear before the material conditions of their existence have matured in the womb of the old society. strengthening the “Four Consciousnesses,” [7]7 A reference to Mao Zedong’s 1938 speech “The Role of the Chinese Communist Party in the National War.” firming up the “Four Confidences,” [8]8 A reference to Xi Jinping’s remarks on the need for Communists to maintain firm ideals and convictions. grasping the “Two Establishments,” [9]9 Xi Jinping, "Speech at the Ceremony Marking the 95th Anniversary of the Founding of the Communist Party of China" (July 1, 2016). and achieving the “Two Upholds” [10]10 Mao Zedong, "Speech at the First Congress of the Socialist Youth League of China" (July 1921), in *Collected Works of Mao Zedong*, vol. 1. are all political yardsticks for testing the Party spirit consciousness of Chinese Communist Party members. Upholding the supremacy of the people, adhering to a people-centered approach, and upholding the people’s position as masters of the country are the Party’s answers to the “questions of the people” in the process of the “two great revolutions.” Among these, upholding the supremacy of the people reflects the value orientation of the “two great revolutions,” adhering to a people-centered approach reflects the development thinking of using the great self-revolution to lead the great social revolution, and upholding the people’s position as masters of the country reflects the political stance of using the great self-revolution to lead the great social revolution. Using the great self-revolution to forever preserve the Party spirit of the Communist Party of China, and using the great social revolution to embody the people-centeredness of the Communist Party of China, are the fundamental demands and internal logic of the Communist Party of China in advancing Chinese-path modernization. The key to governance lies in winning the people’s hearts. The relationship of sharing honor and disgrace between the Party and the people determines that the Party’s interests are the people’s interests. The continuous advancement of the “two great revolutions” is the process by which Communists constantly answer the questions “Who am I?”, “For whom?”, and “Rely on whom?”. The relationship of sharing weal and woe between the Communist Party of China and the people is the main reason why the Party stands firm in the turbulent currents of the world, and it is also the fundamental guarantee for the Party to survive many crises and achieve great accomplishments.

“对党忠诚、不负人民”是党性和人民性的辩证统一。习近平总书记强调：“党性”就是“立场问题”，“立场”就是“党和人民立场”。遵守党纲和党章、践行“四个服从”、增强“四个意识”、坚定“四个自信”、把握“两个确立”和做到“两个维护”，都是检验中国共产党党员党性意识的政治标尺。坚持人民至上、坚持以人民为中心和坚持人民当家作主，是党在“两个伟大革命”进程中不断回答“人民之问”的答卷。其中，坚持人民至上体现“两个伟大革命”的价值旨归，坚持以人民为中心体现以伟大自我革命引领伟大社会革命的发展思想，坚持人民当家作主体现以伟大自我革命引领伟大社会革命的政治立场。以伟大自我革命永葆中国共产党的党性，以伟大社会革命体现中国共产党的人民性，是中国共产党推进中国式现代化的根本诉求和内在逻辑。政之所要，在得民心。党与人民荣辱与共的关系，决定了党的利益就是人民的利益。“两个伟大革命”不断推进的过程，就是共产党人不断回答“我是谁”“为了谁”和“依靠谁”的过程。中国共产党与人民风雨同舟的关系，是党在激荡的世界大潮中屹立不倒的主要原因，也是党能多次绝处逢生、取得伟大成就的根本保证。

V. Path Choices for the Great Founding Spirit of the Party to Lead the “Two Great Revolutions”

五、伟大建党精神引领“两个伟大革命”的路径选择

The formation of the great founding spirit of the Party means that the Communist Party of China has already constructed a spiritual home that leads and supports the “two great revolutions.” Advancing the “two great revolutions” must be premised on diligently cultivating and carefully protecting the Party’s spiritual home. Inheriting and promoting the great founding spirit of the Party requires the dialectical unity of “carrying forward the legacy” and “breaking new ground.” Through vertical “carrying forward the legacy,” the great founding spirit of the Party is passed down from generation to generation, highlighting its continuity and historicity from the perspective of its “source,” ensuring that the spiritual home supporting the “two great revolutions” remains enduring; through horizontal “breaking new ground,” the great founding spirit of the Party is developed and expanded, highlighting its openness and contemporaneity from the perspective of its “flow,” ensuring that the spiritual home supporting the “two great revolutions” flourishes and thrives.

伟大建党精神的形成，意味着中国共产党已经构建起引领和支撑“两个伟大革命”的精神家园。推进“两个伟大革命”，要以辛勤培植和精心呵护党的精神家园为前提。传承和弘扬伟大建党精神，需要将“继往”和“开来”辩证统一。通过纵向的“继往”，薪火赓续伟大建党精神，从“源”的角度彰显伟大建党精神的贯通性和历史性，使支撑“两个伟大革命”的精神家园长盛不衰；通过横向的“开来”，发扬光大伟大建党精神，从“流”的角度彰显伟大建党精神的开放性和时代性，使支撑“两个伟大革命”的精神家园枝繁叶茂。

To lead and support the “two great revolutions” with the great founding spirit of the Party, it is necessary to deeply study Marxism and Marxism adapted to the Chinese context and the needs of the times, to promote political firmness through theoretical clarity, strengthen the “Four Consciousnesses,” firm up the “Four Confidences,” grasp the “Two Establishments,” and achieve the “Two Upholds,” internalizing the great founding spirit of the Party of “upholding truth and坚守理想” [11]11 A classical allusion to Wang Anshi's poem "Climbing Feilai Peak" (1050), meaning not to be misled by superficial phenomena. into the Party’s strong theoretical advantage and theoretical consciousness for advancing the “two great revolutions,” continuously opening up new paths for Chinese-path modernization.

以伟大建党精神引领和支撑“两个伟大革命”，需要深入钻研马克思主义和中国化时代化马克思主义，以理论清醒促政治坚定，增强“四个意识”、坚定“四个自信”、把握“两个确立”和做到“两个维护”，将“坚持真理”和“坚守理想”的伟大建党精神内化为党的强大理论优势和推进“两个伟大革命”的理论自觉，不断开辟中国式现代化新道路。

To lead and support the “two great revolutions” with the great founding spirit of the Party, it is necessary to deeply understand the generative mechanism by which the Party takes the interests of the people and the nation as its fundamental purpose, advance the “two great revolutions” based on the people’s standpoint and national aspirations, concretize the great founding spirit of the Party of “fulfilling the original aspiration and undertaking the founding mission” into the Party’s strong political advantage and political consciousness for advancing the “two great revolutions,” and continuously create new realms for Chinese-path modernization.

以伟大建党精神引领和支撑“两个伟大革命”，需要深刻领会党将人民利益和民族利益作为根本宗旨的生成机制，立足于人民立场和民族抱负推进“两个伟大革命”，将“践行初心、担当使命”的伟大建党精神具化为党的强大政治优势和推进“两大伟大革命”的政治自觉，不断开创中国式现代化新境界。

To lead and support the “two great revolutions” with the great founding spirit of the Party, it is necessary to deeply feel the lofty righteousness and revolutionary sentiments of the revolutionaries, who are righteous and passionate, to discard the old and introduce the new through character tempering, to forge ahead in overcoming difficulties, to externalize the great founding spirit of the Party of “fearing no sacrifice and fighting valiantly” into the Party’s strong behavioral advantage and action consciousness for advancing the “two great revolutions,” and continuously write new achievements for Chinese-path modernization.

以伟大建党精神引领和支撑“两个伟大革命”，需要深切感受革命者义薄云天、壮怀激烈的浩然之气和革命情怀，在品格锤炼中革故鼎新，在攻坚克难中砥砺前行，将“不怕牺牲、英勇斗争”的伟大建党精神外化为党的强大行为优势和推进“两个伟大革命”的行动自觉，不断书写中国式现代化的新成就。

To lead and support the “two great revolutions” with the great founding spirit of the Party, it is necessary to deeply comprehend the truth of the requirements in the Party Constitution to “place the interests of the Party and the people above all else” and “subordinate personal interests to the interests of the Party and the people,” to base oneself on the standpoint of the Party and the people, to seize the day in personal practice, to transform the great founding spirit of the Party of “being loyal to the Party and faithful to the people” into the Party’s strong value advantage and value consciousness for advancing the “two great revolutions,” and continuously paint new pictures for Chinese-path modernization.

以伟大建党精神引领和支撑“两个伟大革命”，需要深悟党章中“坚持党和人民的利益高于一切”和“个人利益服从党和人民的利益”之要求的真理性，立足于党的立场和人民的立场，在躬体力行中只争朝夕，将“对党忠诚、不负人民”的伟大建党精神转化为党的强大价值优势和推进“两个伟大革命”的价值自觉，不断绘制中国式现代化新画卷。

Looking back on the path already traveled, using the “Two Great Revolutions” to carry forward the great founding spirit of the Party, and using the great founding spirit of the Party to guide the course of the “Two Great Revolutions,” constitutes the operational mechanism and internal logic by which the great founding spirit of the Party supports the “Two Great Revolutions.” Looking ahead to the path yet to be taken, advancing the “Two Great Revolutions” with the great founding spirit of the Party is both an objective requirement for consolidating the achievements of the “Two Great Revolutions” and the only way to continue writing the brilliance of the “Two Great Revolutions.” General Secretary Xi Jinping demands that Communists “must not lose their revolutionary spirit amid a chorus of applause and praise.” [26]26 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the Celebration of the 95th Anniversary of the Founding of the Communist Party of China” (July 1, 2016), in *Selected Readings of Xi Jinping’s Important Works*, Vol. 2 (Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 2017), p. 49. The phrase “revolutionary spirit” here refers to the Party’s capacity for self-renewal and struggle against complacency. Only by continuously inheriting and perpetuating the bloodline of the great founding spirit of the Party can the “Two Great Revolutions” have direction, goals, and momentum. Only by continuously cultivating and baptizing Chinese Communists with the great founding spirit of the Party can Chinese Communists carry forward the “thoroughgoing revolutionary spirit,” can they, with the sharpness and fighting will of “carrying the revolution through to the end,” [27]27 This phrase echoes Mao Zedong’s famous call in his 1949 New Year’s Day editorial “Carry the Revolution Through to the End,” which urged the complete defeat of the Kuomintang and the establishment of a new China. maintain a high degree of consciousness in using the Party’s great self-revolution to lead the great social revolution, can they continue to advance and expand Chinese-path modernization, and thereby shoulder the historical mission of building a strong country and rejuvenating the nation.

回望走过的路，以“两个伟大革命”弘扬伟大建党精神，以伟大建党精神引领“两个伟大革命”之航向，是以伟大建党精神支撑“两个伟大革命”的运行机制和内在逻辑。眺望前行的路，以伟大建党精神推进“两个伟大革命”，既是巩固“两个伟大革命”成果的客观要求，又是续写“两个伟大革命”之辉煌的必由之路。习近平总书记要求：共产党人“不能在一片喝彩声、赞扬声中失去了革命精神”。只有不断传承和赓续伟大建党精神之血脉，“两个伟大革命”才有方向、目标和动力。只有不断以伟大建党精神陶冶和洗礼中国共产党人，中国共产党人才能发扬“彻底的革命精神”，才能以“将革命进行到底”的锐气和斗志保持以党的伟大自我革命引领伟大社会革命的高度自觉，才能继续推进和拓展中国式现代化，并由此肩负起强国建设和民族复兴的历史使命。

(Author’s brief biography: Xu Fengzhen, Second-Level Professor and Tenured Professor at the School of Marxism, Harbin Institute of Technology)

（作者简介：徐奉臻，哈尔滨工业大学马克思主义学院二级教授，长聘教授，博士生导师）

Online editor: Tongxin

网络编辑：同心