The Operational Logic and Optimization Path of Rural Primary-Level Party Building Leading Rural Revitalization

The urban-rural gap and unbalanced development are a crucial political consequence brought about by modernization. Whether the transformation of modernization succeeds is based on whether rural development is incorporated into the national development strategy through organizational and institutional means. From China’s perspective, rural development has entered a period of great transformation since reform and opening up, achieving overall and comprehensive progress. At the same time, the problems of urban-rural differentiation and unbalanced and inadequate development have fully manifested, and rural areas once again face institutional transformation, with the governance system and governance capacity urgently needing reshaping. Against this backdrop, the report of the 19th National Congress of the CPC proposed implementing the rural revitalization strategy. The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC emphasized adhering to the clear orientation of focusing on primary-level work, “building primary-level Party organizations into strong fighting fortresses that effectively realize the Party’s leadership” [1]1 The 19th National Congress of the CPC was held in 2017; the 20th National Congress was held in 2022. The “three rural” issues (三农问题) is a standard Chinese policy term for agriculture, rural areas, and farmers.. In rural revitalization, rural primary-level Party organizations are the fundamental leading force, shouldering multiple roles and important responsibilities such as political guidance, ideological guidance, social mobilization, development promotion, and social governance. Therefore, exploring the connotation, logic, function, and direction of rural primary-level Party building leading rural revitalization in the New Era is an academic proposition of great practical significance.

城乡差距及发展不平衡是现代化带来的一个至关重要的政治后果，现代化转型是否成功基于是否以组织化和制度化手段将乡村发展纳入国家发展战略。从我国来看，乡村发展自改革以来步入大变革时期，取得了整体性、全面性进步，与此同时城乡分化、发展不平衡不充分问题充分显现，农村再次面临制度变革，治理体系和治理能力亟待重塑。在此背景之下，党的十九大报告提出实施乡村振兴战略。党的二十大报告强调坚持大抓基层的鲜明导向，“把基层党组织建设成为有效实现党的领导的坚强战斗堡垒”[1]。乡村振兴中，农村基层党组织是根本的领导力量，肩负政治引领、思想引领、社会动员、发展推动、社会治理等多重角色和重要职责。因此，探索新时期农村基层党建引领乡村振兴的内涵、逻辑、功能和路向是一项极具现实意义的学术命题。

I. Introduction: A Review Perspective

一、引言：一个综述视角

Comprehensively promoting rural revitalization is the overall lever for solving the “three rural” issues [issues concerning agriculture, rural areas, and farmers] in the New Era, a major strategy for promoting the excellent traditional Chinese culture, and an important task for realizing agricultural and rural modernization and building a strong agricultural country. Comprehensively promoting rural revitalization must leverage the fighting fortress role of rural primary-level Party organizations. Rural primary-level Party building leading rural revitalization has become a hot topic in current academic research. Looking at existing studies, scholars’ research on Party building leading rural revitalization focuses on the following perspectives.

全面推进乡村振兴是新时代解决“三农”问题的总抓手，是弘扬中华优秀传统文化的重大战略，是实现农业农村现代化、建设农业强国的重要任务。全面推进乡村振兴必须发挥农村基层党组织的战斗堡垒作用。农村基层党建引领乡村振兴已成为目前学界研究的热点。纵观现有研究，学者对党建引领乡村振兴的研究聚焦于以下几个视角。

First, the organization-embedding perspective. The embedding view holds that the Communist Party of China realizes “Party organization embedding society” by embedding itself into rural society [2]2 “政党组织社会” (Party organization embedding society) is a concept in Chinese political sociology describing the Party’s penetration of social structures.. This perspective focuses on “structural embedding” and “relational embedding.” “Structural embedding” aims to organically integrate Party work and rural public services, comprehensively covering the Party’s organizational system; “relational embedding” focuses on Party members, leveraging their exemplary and vanguard role in mass management and service organizations, establishing equal, consultative, and cooperative working relationships [3]3 “结构嵌入” (structural embedding) and “关系嵌入” (relational embedding) are terms borrowed from sociological network theory, adapted here to describe Party organizational strategies.. The effective embedding of Party organizations fully integrates Party building and rural revitalization, establishing a rural revitalization model capable of integrating various elements and coordinating the interests of multiple parties.

第一，组织—嵌入视角。嵌入性观点认为中国共产党通过嵌入农村社会实现“政党组织社会”[2]。此视角聚焦于“结构嵌入”和“关系嵌入”，“结构嵌入”以有机结合党的工作和乡村公共服务为目标，全面覆盖党的组织体系；“关系嵌入”以党员为重点，发挥其在群众管理和服务组织中的模范带头作用，建立平等、协商、合作的工作关系。[3] 党组织的有效嵌入充分融合党建和乡村振兴，建立能够整合各种要素、协调多方利益的乡村振兴模式。

Second, the authorization-empowerment perspective. In response to the requirements and goals of modern community governance, primary-level Party building achieves the empowerment of organizations, personnel, residents, quality, and development through political guidance, organizational guidance, institutional guidance, and ideological guidance, thereby weaving a governance network and consolidating governance synergy [4]4 “超行政治理” (extra-bureaucratic governance) refers to governance mechanisms that transcend routine administrative procedures, often through Party-led mobilization.. In response to the governance crisis of “effective administration, ineffective governance” at the primary level, the “extra-bureaucratic governance” led by the Party achieves the integration of organization, value, and society through mechanisms of spatial shaping, political guidance, and social mobilization, breaking the structural barriers of hierarchical organizations, transforming the advantages of the Party-government system into governance effectiveness, and achieving improved governance efficiency [5]5 “纵向到底” (reaching the bottom vertically) and “横向到边” (reaching the margins horizontally) are standard Chinese Party-building slogans for comprehensive organizational coverage..

第二，授权—赋能视角。针对现代社区治理的要求和目标，基层党建以政治引领、组织引领、制度引领、思想引领等实现组织、人员、居民、质量和发展的赋能，从而编织治理网络，凝聚治理合力。[4] 针对基层治理“行政有效，治理无效”的治理危机，政党引领的“超行政治理”以空间塑造、政治引领和社会动员机制实现组织、价值和社会的整合，打破科层组织的结构性壁垒，将党政体制优势转化为治理效能，实现治理效能提升。[5]

Third, the structure-institution perspective. “Structural embedding” and “institutional integration” are key to realizing Party building leading primary-level governance. Three-dimensional “structural embedding” achieves the vertical structural coverage of Party organizations “reaching the bottom” and the horizontal structural extension “reaching the margins,” realizing the dual tasks of “Party political construction” and “social force development”; the institutional system uses regulatory elements to ensure collective cooperation is achieved, normative elements strengthen mutual recognition among subjects, and “cultural-cognitive” elements promote the production of collective consciousness, ensuring that structural potential is transformed into governance effectiveness and achieving long-term governance [6]6 “一核多元” (one core, multiple elements) is a Chinese governance model emphasizing the Party as the single core coordinating multiple social actors..

第三，结构—制度视角。“结构嵌入”和“制度整合”是实现党建引领基层治理的关键。立体式的“结构嵌入”实现党组织“纵向到底”的垂直型结构覆盖，“横向到边”的水平型结构延伸实现了“党的政治建设”与“社会力量发育”双重任务；制度体系以规制性要素确保集体合作达成，规范性要素强化主体间相互认同，“文化—认知”要素推动集体意识生产，确保了结构潜能转化为治理效能，实现治理的长效化。[6]

Fourth, the structure-function-organizational capacity perspective. The organizational capacity of village-level Party organizations is generated from the interaction of their organizational structure, organizational functions, and the external environment. Rural revitalization places new demands on village-level Party organizations. Village-level Party organizations should start from consolidating organizational status, improving the talent structure, and enhancing organizational functions, focusing on improving political leadership, ideological guidance, social service capacity, development promotion capacity, and internal management capacity, providing a strong guarantee from the political and organizational aspects for realizing rural revitalization [7]7 “One core, multiple elements” (一核多元): A governance model where the Party organization serves as the single core, coordinating and integrating multiple social subjects..

第四，结构—功能—组织力视角。村级党组织的组织力生成于其组织结构、组织功能与外部环境的互动。乡村振兴对村级党组织提出了新的要求，村级党组织应从巩固组织地位、完善人才结构、增强组织功能出发，以提升政治领导力、思想引领力、社会服务力、发展推动力和内部管理力为着力点，从政治和组织上为实现乡村振兴提供坚强保障。[7]

In summary, attention to “Party building leading” rural revitalization has continuously increased, and rich practical explorations and research results have been formed. The key to Party building leading rural revitalization lies in properly solving the realization of the leading subject, leading content, leading process, and leading function. However, current research mostly consists of summaries of regional practical experiences, with many studies at the level of paths, methods, and capacity improvement. The overall promotion logic of Party building leading rural revitalization and the construction of a comprehensive, systematic, and holistic effective path for Party building leading rural revitalization need further deepening. Based on this, this paper adopts a “structure-process-function” analytical framework, fully integrating rural primary-level Party building and rural revitalization, conducting a comprehensive and systematic analysis from the perspectives of the leading subject, leading process, and leading function, truly realizing the practical value of Party building work, and providing reference value for rural primary-level Party building leading rural revitalization.

综上所述，“党建引领”乡村振兴的关注度持续上升，且形成了丰富的实践探索和研究成果。党建引领乡村振兴关键在于解决好引领主体、引领内容、引领过程和引领功能的实现，而目前研究地区实践经验总结居多，从路径、方法、能力提升层面的研究较多，对党建引领乡村振兴的整体推进逻辑以及建构全方位、系统化、整体性的党建引领乡村振兴的有效路径需要进一步深化。基于此，本文以“结构—过程—功能”为分析框架，将农村基层党建和乡村振兴充分结合，从引领主体、引领过程、引领功能做全面、系统分析，真正发挥党建工作的实际价值，为农村基层党建引领乡村振兴提供借鉴价值。

II. Connotation and Analytical Framework: Construction of a “Structure-Process-Function” Explanatory Framework

二、内涵与分析框架：“结构－过程－功能”解释框架的构建

Based on theoretical and practical requirements, this paper focuses on discussing how primary-level Party building promotes rural revitalization. To facilitate understanding of this process, this paper establishes a “structure-process-function” analytical framework. In this framework, process and function exist with structure as their carrier; structure and function exist with process as their chain; and the judgment of the existence of structure and process is function.

基于理论和实践要求，重点讨论基层党建如何助推乡村振兴，为便于理解这一过程，本文建立一个“结构—过程—功能”分析框架。在此框架中，过程和功能以结构为载体存在，结构和功能以过程为链条存在，结构和过程存在的判定为功能。

First, within a complex system, structure presents itself in spatial and temporal dimensions as static order relationships and dynamic interaction relationships among various elements, respectively. In Party building leading rural revitalization, structure is the foundation, including multi-directional relationships in the horizontal dimension and multi-level relationships in the vertical dimension, specifically manifested as power relations, functional roles, and forms of expression among multiple subjects such as government, market, and society. The power allocation, organizational methods, and the relatively fixed institutionalized relationships formed among subjects of rural revitalization in different fields, levels, and types are the core manifestation of structure [8]8 “Meta-governance” (元治理): A theoretical concept referring to the role of the state or ruling party in coordinating different governance mechanisms and actors to ensure coherence and effectiveness.. Second, the mutual influence among various elements within a complex system, and the iterative transformation from low to high levels among element groups and vertical elements, is the manifestation of process [9]9 “Leading government with the Party” (以党领政): A principle of the Chinese political system where the Party provides leadership and direction to government administration.. In Party building leading rural revitalization, this is manifested as the continuous behavior of different governance subjects centered on allocating resources, coordinating interests, and gaining power, as well as the empowerment process of rural revitalization through the iterative transformation of vertical element groups. The relative stability of structure has a shaping effect on process, while process has a feedback and reconstruction effect on structure. Finally, in a complex system, function is the powerful role played during the interaction of various elements. In primary-level Party building leading rural revitalization, this is manifested as new functions generated by the interaction of different elements. In the process of mutual influence and interaction among structure, process, and function, the leading function of primary-level Party building depends on structure and process, while structure and process, under certain conditions, reshape the leading function. This analytical framework comprehensively and systematically analyzes the operational logic, existing problems, and countermeasures of Party building leading rural revitalization, organically combining explanatory research and countermeasure research, providing a new analytical perspective for Party building leading rural revitalization.

首先，在一个复杂系统内，结构在空间和时间维度上分别呈现为各要素的静态秩序关系和动态作用关系。党建引领乡村振兴中，结构是基础，包括横向维度的多元化关系和纵向维度的多层级关系，具体呈现为政府、市场、社会等多元主体间的权力关系、作用发挥和表现形态。不同领域、层级和类型的乡村振兴主体的权力配置、组织方式及其形成的较为固定的制度化关系是结构的核心之体现。[8] 其次，各要素在复杂系统之中的相互影响，要素群和纵向各要素之间由低向高的迭代变革既过程之体现。[9] 在党建引领乡村振兴中体现为不同治理主体以配置资源、协调利益、获得权力为中心展开的持续性行为，也包括纵向各要素群的迭代变革对乡村振兴的赋能过程。结构的相对稳定性对过程具有形塑作用，而过程对结构具有反馈和再造作用。最后，在复杂系统中，功能是各要素交流过程中所发挥的有力作用。在基层党建引领乡村振兴中体现为不同要素相互作用产生的新功能。在结构、过程和功能相互影响、相互作用过程中，基层党建的引领功能取决于结构和过程，结构和过程又在一定条件下重塑引领功能。该分析框架全面、系统分析党建引领乡村振兴的运作逻辑、存在问题和应对措施，有机结合解释性研究和对策性研究，为党建引领乡村振兴提供新的分析视角。

III. The Operational Logic of Party Building Leading Rural Revitalization

三、党建引领乡村振兴的运作逻辑

Party building leading rural revitalization centrally embodies the structural logic of constructing a “one core, multiple elements” rural revitalization community, the process logic of fully integrating social forces through mechanism reengineering, and the functional logic encompassing five capacities: political leadership, ideological guidance, development promotion, mass cohesion, and social service capacity. The three interact with each other, jointly shaping the operational logic of Party building leading rural revitalization.

党建引领乡村振兴集中体现了构建“一核多元”的乡村振兴共同体的结构逻辑，通过机制再造充分整合社会力量的过程逻辑，包括政治领导力、思想引领力、发展推动力、群众凝聚力和社会服务力五种能力的功能逻辑。三者相互影响，一同塑造党建引领乡村振兴的运作逻辑。

(A) Constructing a “One Core, Multiple Elements” Rural Revitalization Community: The Structural Logic of Leading Rural Revitalization

（一）构建“一核多元”的乡村振兴共同体：引领乡村振兴的结构逻辑

Structurally, the subjects of rural revitalization include the Communist Party of China and its organizations at all levels, governments at all levels, various enterprises, and various social organizations. The structural logic of grassroots Party building leading rural revitalization is to collaboratively integrate these organizations, which possess vertical hierarchical and horizontal pluralistic characteristics, forming a “one core, multiple elements” community for rural revitalization. In the construction of the rural revitalization community, the CPC, as the ruling party, needs to play a “meta-governance” role, exerting a leadership and organizational function that vertically penetrates multi-level subjects and horizontally integrates pluralistic subjects. First, through Party building leadership, a vertically extended hierarchical system is constructed to consolidate the strength of pluralistic subjects. Specifically, according to changes in grassroots social forms and structures, Party organizations extend into enterprises and institutions within their jurisdiction, business districts and markets, and industry associations, fully forming a pattern where provincial and municipal Party organizations engage in unified planning and overall deployment; district and county Party organizations innovate service carriers and integrate resources from units within the district; and street, village, and community Party organizations smooth channels for expressing interests, identify problems, and resolve conflicts, thereby forming vertically multi-level forces for rural revitalization. Second, through Party building leadership, a horizontally diversified joint regional system is constructed. In rural revitalization, “leading government with the Party” is organically combined. Through forms such as Party building alliances and joint Party branch establishment, structural barriers between Party organizations and diverse social subjects are broken down, forming an integrated organizational form led by Party organization leadership. This vertically multi-level and horizontally diversified organizational form effectively transforms the Party’s leadership advantages into the overall advantages of rural revitalization.

从结构上看，乡村振兴主体包含中国共产党及其各级组织、各级政府、各类企业、各类社会组织，基层党建引领乡村振兴的结构逻辑便是协同整合这些具有纵向层级性和横向多元性的组织，形成“一核多元”的乡村振兴共同体。在乡村振兴共同体的建构中，中国共产党作为执政党需要发挥“元治理”角色，发挥纵向穿透多层级主体，横向整合多元主体的领导作用和组织作用。一是通过党建引领，构建纵向延伸的层级体系，凝聚多元主体力量。具体来说，根据基层社会形态和结构的变化，党组织向辖区内企事业单位、商圈市场以及行业协会等层面延伸，充分形成省、市党组织统一规划、整体部署，区、县党组织创新服务载体、整合驻区单位资源，街道、村社党组织畅通利益诉求渠道、识别问题并化解矛盾的格局，形成纵向多层级乡村振兴力量。二是通过党建引领，构建横向多元化的联合区域体系。在乡村振兴中，有机结合“以党领政”，通过党建联盟、支部联建等形式打通党组织与多元社会主体之间的结构壁垒，形成以党组织引领为主导的一体化的组织形态。纵向多层级和横向多元化的组织形态充分地将党的领导优势转化为乡村振兴的整体性优势。

(II) Mechanism Reconstruction and Integration of Social Forces: The Process Logic of Leading Rural Revitalization

（二）机制再造和社会力量整合：引领乡村振兴的过程逻辑

Rural revitalization requires effective leadership from grassroots Party organizations. From a process perspective, grassroots Party building leading rural revitalization is a dynamic process involving the coordination of power, resource allocation, and interest relationships among different subjects. One-way embedding at the structural level of grassroots Party building can easily lead to it becoming an agent of the state, failing to fully tap rural resources and affecting the full play of social forces. Therefore, the process logic of grassroots Party building leading rural revitalization is to reconstruct the leadership mechanism, thereby activating Party building and integrating social forces. First, grassroots Party organizations and rural revitalization subjects strengthen communication and collaboration, creating a value atmosphere of “publicness” in value orientation, forming a value consensus, and using a value mechanism of “reshaping values—value consensus—rural revitalization” to inspire pluralistic subjects to achieve collective action. Second, grassroots Party organizations promptly meet the interest demands of the masses, connect the interests of various subjects, take rural revitalization as the goal, revitalize resources, and empower villages through an interest mechanism of “resource allocation—interest linkage—rural revitalization.” Third, grassroots Party organizations empower pluralistic subjects in rural areas, forming a power operation mechanism of “downward empowerment—power reconstruction—rural revitalization,” achieving maximum benefits for rural revitalization through complementarity with informal forces. Throughout the entire process of grassroots Party building leading rural revitalization, value consensus is formed through the value mechanism, interest sharing is achieved through the interest mechanism, and rights sharing is realized through the power operation mechanism [10]10 Reference [10]: The original text includes a citation marker [10], which is retained as in the source., thereby promoting rural revitalization.

乡村振兴需要基层党组织的有效引领。从过程看，基层党建引领乡村振兴是一个动态过程，涉及不同主体间权力、资源配置以及利益关系的协调。基层党建结构层面的单向嵌入容易导致其成为国家的代理人，并不能充分挖掘乡村资源，影响社会力量的充分发挥。因此，基层党建引领乡村振兴的过程逻辑是再造引领机制，从而激活党建与整合社会力量。一是基层党组织和乡村振兴主体加强沟通协作，在价值取向上营造 “公”的价值氛围，形成价值共识，以“重塑价值—价值共识—乡村振兴”的价值机制感召多元主体达成集体行动。二是基层党组织及时满足群众的利益诉求，连接各类主体的利益，以乡村振兴为目标，盘活资源，以“资源分配—利益联结—乡村振兴”的利益机制为乡村赋能。三是基层党组织赋权乡村多元主体，形成“向下赋权—权力重构—乡村振兴”的权力运行机制，通过与非正式力量的互补实现乡村振兴效益最大化。在基层党建引领乡村振兴全过程中，通过发挥价值机制形成价值共识，通过利益机制实现利益共享，通过权力运行机制实现权利共享 [10]，进而促进乡村振兴。

(III) Value Creation: The Functional Logic of Leading Rural Revitalization

（三）价值缔造：引领乡村振兴的功能逻辑

Effectively strengthening the comprehensive leadership of rural grassroots Party organizations over rural revitalization, from a functional logic perspective, includes five capabilities: political leadership, ideological guidance, development impetus, mass cohesion, and social service capability. Among them, political leadership refers to the Party organization, based on a mission-responsibility consciousness in rural revitalization, using political education mechanisms to realize a transformation from administrative logic to political logic, thereby highlighting its leadership core role of overall planning and coordinating all parties, and playing a role in setting direction, planning overall situations, formulating policies, and promoting reform in rural revitalization. Ideological guidance refers to the Party organization’s clear understanding of the ideological concepts of rural society and the masses, adjusting and shaping the understanding and emotions of the social populace, guiding and regulating the masses to form value orientations compatible with rural revitalization, and consciously participating in the rural revitalization strategy. Development impetus refers to the Party organization’s ability to transform organizational resources, organizational advantages, and organizational vitality into resources for promoting development, advantages for promoting development, and momentum for promoting development, respectively, and to lead rural economic development, promote agricultural transformation and upgrading, and drive farmers to increase income and become prosperous around comprehensive rural revitalization. [11]11 Reference [11]: The original text includes a citation marker [11], which is retained as in the source. Mass cohesion refers to enhancing the masses’ sense of identity, belonging, and strength through organizational propaganda, stimulating the masses to actively participate in the construction of rural politics, economy, culture, ecology, and other aspects, and gathering the strength of the entire people to jointly promote rural revitalization. Social service capability refers to grassroots Party organizations focusing on serving development, serving people’s livelihoods, and serving the masses, aligning leadership and working methods with the needs of the masses, uniting, guiding, and winning over the masses to the greatest extent, thereby realizing the Party’s leadership over society.

切实加强农村基层党组织对乡村振兴的全面领导，从功能逻辑而言包括政治领导力、思想引领力、发展推动力、群众凝聚力和社会服务力五种能力。其中，政治领导力是党组织在乡村振兴中基于使命-责任意识，运用政治教化机制实现行政逻辑向政治逻辑的转变，从而凸显其总揽全局、协调各方的领导核心作用，在乡村振兴中发挥把方向、谋大局、定政策、促改革的作用；思想引领力是指党组织清醒认识农村社会与群众的思想观念，调适并型塑社会民众的认识与情感，引导规范民众形成与乡村振兴相适应的价值取向，自觉参与乡村振兴战略；发展推动力是指党组织将组织资源、组织优势、组织活力分别转化为推动发展资源、推动发展优势和推动发展动力，围绕乡村全面振兴引领农村经济发展、推动农业转型升级、带动农民增收致富的能力；[11]群众凝聚力是指通过组织宣传增强群众的认同感、归属感和力量感，激发群众积极参与乡村政治、经济、文化、生态等诸方面建设，集全民之力共同推进乡村振兴；社会服务力是指基层党组织以服务发展、服务民生和服务群众为着力点，在领导方式、工作方式层面切合群众需求，最大程度团结、引导并赢得群众，从而实现党对社会的领导。

In practice, these five functions complement each other, jointly constituting the functional logic of grassroots Party building leading rural revitalization. Political leadership is the core category of grassroots Party building leading rural revitalization, while mass cohesion, development impetus, ideological guidance, and social service capability are the specific methods of grassroots Party building leading rural revitalization. The former has a decisive effect on the latter, and the latter are the value and goal orientation of the former.

实践中，五种功能相辅相成，共同构成基层党建引领乡村振兴的功能逻辑。政治领导力是基层党建引领乡村振兴的核心范畴，群众凝聚力、发展推动力、思想引领力和社会服务力是基层党建引领乡村振兴的具体方式，前者对后者具有决定性作用，后者是前者的价值与目标指向。

IV. Current Problems Faced by Party Building Leading Rural Revitalization

四、当前党建引领乡村振兴面临的问题

(I) Imbalance Issues at the Structural Level

（一）结构层面存在不平衡问题

The scope and degree of Party building leading rural revitalization depend on the closeness of its relationship with various pluralistic subjects. From a practical perspective, both the vertical network structure formed by grassroots Party organizations directly leading social subjects and the horizontal network structure formed by indirectly leading the various fields of grassroots social politics, administration, markets, and society exhibit problems of leadership imbalance. On the one hand, the vertical network structure shows “strong Party and government, weak enterprises and social organizations,” manifested as one-way leadership by Party and government subjects. Although market, social, and other pluralistic subjects are absorbed into the rural revitalization field, their participation based on their own interests is in a “passive and dependent” state. On the other hand, the horizontal network structure, because the political, administrative, market, and social fields it contains all follow different relational logics, makes it difficult to form a tight grid-like structure. Therefore, the grid-like structure of indirect leadership, where various fields are interconnected and interact, suffers from problems of instability, unsustainability, and uncontrollability. This leads most grassroots Party organizations to rely heavily on vertical direct leadership networks, forming a one-way leadership that extends “from points to lines,” making it difficult to form interactive forces that extend horizontally “from lines to surfaces,” resulting in the potential of pluralistic subjects not being fully realized.

党建引领乡村振兴的范围与程度取决于其和各类多元主体的关系是否紧密。从实践来看，无论是基层党组织直接引领社会主体呈现出的纵向脉络结构还是间接引领基层社会政治、行政、市场、社会诸场域呈现出的横向脉络结构均存在引领失衡的问题。一方面是纵向脉络结构“党政强，企社弱”，体现为党政主体单向引领，市场、社会等多元主体虽被吸纳进乡村振兴场域，但其基于自身利益呈“被动式和依附式”参与状态。另一方面横向脉络结构由于其包含的政治、行政、市场和社会等诸场域均遵循不同的关系逻辑而难以形成紧密型的网格化结构。因此，诸场域间相互关联、相互作用的间接引领的网格化结构存在不稳定、不持续、不可控等问题，这导致大多基层党组织高度依赖纵向的直接引领脉络，形成“由点成线”纵向延伸的单向引领，难以形成“由线成面”横向延展的相互作用力，导致多元主体潜能不能充分发挥。

(II) Insufficient Adaptability Issues at the Process Level

（二）过程层面存在调试性不强的问题

Party building leading rural revitalization exhibits problems of insufficient adaptability in the leadership process. On the one hand, this is manifested as weak organizational linkage, where lower levels lack autonomy for adaptation due to a shortage of resources and power, and departments at the same level experience weak adaptation due to poor coordination. On the other hand, it is manifested as weak institutional adaptability, where Party building leading rural revitalization lacks relevant institutional guidance, and the institutions formed are sometimes too rigid and lack flexibility, making them difficult to implement. The main reason for insufficient adaptability is the tension existing in the cultural, economic, and political dimensions of Party building leading rural revitalization. First, under reform and opening up and the development of the socialist market economy, the “small-scale peasant economy” mentality prevails in rural areas, the concept of collectivism has weakened, and the operation of grassroots political power exhibits a “logic of avoiding trouble” [12]12 “Logic of avoiding trouble” (不出事逻辑): A term in Chinese political sociology describing a tendency among grassroots officials to avoid risks and responsibilities by maintaining the status quo rather than actively solving problems., where rural masses prioritize individual interests over public affairs. This leads to a lack of value consensus between the Party and the masses, resulting in gradual estrangement. Second, state resources are eroded during their delivery to the countryside. Grassroots masses lack active participation in state agricultural policies and resources and have a “wait, rely, and ask for” mentality, while grassroots Party organizations have “gray areas” in resource allocation. The disorder in resource allocation causes both Party organizations and the masses to follow their own interests, failing to form a cohesive force for Party building to lead rural revitalization. Third, when grassroots Party organizations embed themselves excessively in “blood-building” for rural areas during rural revitalization, due to a lack of supervision and constraints, it can lead to single management, resulting in power imbalance and causing Party building leadership to lack a power foundation.

党建引领乡村振兴在引领过程中存在调试性不强的问题，一方面表现为组织联动性不强，下级由于缺乏资源和权力而调适的自主性不足，同级部门由于协同不力而存在调适乏力。另一方面表现为制度适配性不强，党建引领乡村振兴缺少相关制度指导，形成的制度有些刚性有余而韧性不足，难以操作实施。调试性不强的主要原因是党建引领乡村振兴在文化、经济和政治层面存在张力。一是改革开放和社会主义市场经济发展下乡村“小农经济”思想盛行，集体主义观念淡化，基层政权运转呈现出一种“不出事逻辑” [12]，乡村群众重个体利益轻公共事务，这导致党群之间缺乏价值共识而逐渐疏离。二是国家资源在下乡中被侵蚀，基层群众对待国家涉农政策和资源主动参与不足且有“等靠要”思想，而基层党组织在资源分配上存在“灰色地带”，资源分配的失序使党组织和群众都遵从自身利益，没有形成党建引领乡村振兴的粘合力量。三是乡村振兴中基层党组织向乡村“造血”时嵌入过度会因监督约束缺乏而形成单一管理，从而导致权力失衡，致使党建引领缺乏权力基础。

(III) Insufficient Adaptability Issues at the Functional Level

（三）功能层面存在适应性不足问题

Party building leading rural revitalization requires fully leveraging the leadership and organizational advantages of grassroots Party organizations in rural revitalization. However, in practice, the realization of these advantages is not ideal. The main reason is the phenomenon of "two separate skins" between Party building and rural revitalization, and to a certain extent, the problem of Party building being "suspended" above rural revitalization. First, some Party-building subjects lack adaptability to rural revitalization. In some localities, the educational level of Party-building subjects is not high, their grasp of knowledge related to rural revitalization is insufficient, and their capacity for rural revitalization is lacking, making it impossible for them to play the role of the Party organization in overall planning and coordinating all parties. Second, the integration of Party-building content with rural revitalization is not deep. In some localities, Party-building content mainly focuses on routine Party affairs work and has not achieved integrated leadership over rural revitalization. Third, some grassroots Party-building methods and approaches lack adaptability to rural revitalization. In some localities, grassroots Party-building activities are monotonous in form and have not developed flexible and diverse Party-building work methods tailored to rural revitalization.

党建引领乡村振兴需要充分发挥基层党组织在乡村振兴中的领导、组织优势，而实践中这种优势的发挥并不理想，其主要原因是党建引领和乡村振兴存在“两张皮”现象，在一定程度上存在党建“悬浮”于乡村振兴的问题。一是一些党建主体与乡村振兴适应性不足。一些地方党建主体文化程度不高，对于乡村振兴的相关知识掌握不够，乡村振兴的能力缺失，无法发挥党组织总揽全局、协调各方的作用。二是党建内容与乡村振兴融合度不高，一些地方的党建内容主要聚焦于常态化的党务工作，并未实现对乡村振兴的融合式引领。三是一些基层党建方式方法与乡村振兴的适应性不足。一些地方基层党建活动方式单一，并未针对乡村振兴开展灵活多样的党建工作方法。

V. Reflections on Pathways to Innovate Party Building Leading Rural Revitalization

五、创新党建引领乡村振兴的路径思考

(I) Optimize the Leadership Structure, Fully Leverage the Leadership and Organizational Advantages of Grassroots Party Organizations

（一）优化引领结构，充分发挥基层党组织的领导优势和组织优势

To resolve the imbalance at the structural level, it is necessary to optimize the vertical structure of direct leadership and the horizontal structure of indirect leadership. On the one hand, grassroots Party organizations must fully leverage their leadership and organizational advantages, empower and enable market entities to fully release their capital and technological advantages, and empower and enable social entities to fully activate their talent, professional, and service advantages, thereby creating a balanced subject structure of "strong Party and government, strong enterprises and social organizations." On the other hand, they must fully integrate political logic, administrative logic, market logic, and social logic, reshape the relationships among multiple subjects, and create a diversified, tightly-knit networked relationship structure. Specifically, grassroots Party organizations need to make efforts in the following areas: First, expand the scope of organizational establishment to achieve both coverage and density of Party organization coverage. Following the principle of "rational optimization, establish wherever conditions permit," and centering on the strategic needs of rural revitalization and the interests of the people, promptly adjust and change the establishment of Party organizations. For example, for emerging industrial bases and industry associations in rural areas, establish corresponding Party organizations; for emerging rural communities, break down regional and administrative boundaries and establish Party branches through forms such as joint village-community establishment; for the trend of increasing mobile Party members, set up Party organizations in areas where mobile Party members are concentrated, build a management mechanism based on management by the place of inflow, with mutual cooperation, connection, and interaction between the place of outflow and inflow, strengthen the management of migrant workers, and increase the radiation rate of rural Party organizations; for new rural social organizations that do not meet the conditions for establishing Party organizations, also strengthen Party work, achieving a transformation from "visible coverage" to "effective coverage," and ensuring "full organizational coverage" and "full work coverage." Second, innovate the mode of organizational establishment. Break away from the previous model of establishing Party organizations based on administrative divisions. In establishing Party organizations, fully reflect the group characteristics of Party members, industrial chains, and project distribution, and adopt various forms such as establishing temporary Party branches, independent establishment, joint co-establishment, and affiliated establishment. For areas with high mobility, gradually extend from "Party organizations within organizations" to "Party organizations outside organizations," establishing regional, specialized, and open organizational carriers.[13]13 "Organizational carriers" refers to the institutional forms through which Party organizations extend their presence and activities beyond traditional administrative boundaries, such as regional, specialized, or open-ended Party committees. Third, innovate the activity methods and content of grassroots Party organizations to enhance organizational influence. On the one hand, grassroots Party organizations should center on core work and the needs of Party members, combine central policies with the work and life of Party members and the masses, use popular and accessible methods for propaganda and education, and accurately convey the spirit of documents. On the other hand, grassroots Party organizations should make good use of carriers and platforms such as Party member demonstration posts, Party member responsibility areas, Party member commendation conferences, the internet, and big data to carry out targeted activities and enhance appeal. Fourth, strengthen cooperation among grassroots Party organizations. All types of grassroots Party organizations should actively face the situation of resource scarcity in special fields, promptly achieve the effectiveness and balance of Party-building resource supply through resource integration, and maintain the stability of the organizational system.

破解结构层面的不平衡问题，需要基于直接引领的纵向结构、间接引领的横向结构的优化，基层党组织一方面要充分发挥领导优势和组织优势，赋权增能市场主体，充分释放其资金和技术优势，赋权增能社会主体，充分激活其人才、专业和服务优势，打造“党政强、企社强”的均衡性主体结构。另一方面要充分整合政治逻辑、行政逻辑、市场逻辑和社会逻辑，重塑多元主体关系，打造多元型、紧密型的网络化关系结构。具体而言，基层党组织需要从以下几个方面努力：一是扩大组织设置范围，实现党组织覆盖区域和覆盖密度并存。根据“合理优化、应建尽建”的原则，以乡村振兴战略需求和民众利益为核心，及时调整和改变党组织的设置。比如对于农村涌现的产业基地和行业协会，设立与之相适应的党组织；对于农村新兴社区，要打破地区和行政区划界限，以村与社区联合组建等形式建立党支部；对于流动党员增长的态势，在流动党员集中的区域设置党组织，构建以流入地管理为主、流出与流入地相互配合、衔接、互动的管理机制，强化对外出务工人员的管理，提高农村党组织的辐射率；对不具备组建党组织条件的农村新型社会组织也要加强党的工作，实现从 “有形覆盖”到 “有效覆盖”的转变，保证 “组织全覆盖”与 “工作全覆盖”。二是创新组织设置模式。突破以往行政区划设置党组织的模式，在党组织建立中充分体现党员的群体特点、产业链条和项目分布，采取建立临时党支部、单独组建、联合共建以及挂靠组建等多种形式建立党组织。对于流动性较强的领域，逐步从“组织内党组织”延伸至“组织外党组织”，建立区域性、专业化和开放性的组织载体。[13] 三是创新基层党组织的活动方式和内容，提升组织影响力。一方面基层党组织围绕中心工作、党员需求，将中央政策与党员群众的工作、生活相结合，以喜闻乐见的方式宣传教育，精准传达文件精神；另一方面，基层党组织要用好党员示范岗、党员责任区、党员表彰大会、互联网以及大数据等载体和平台，有针对性地开展活动，增强吸引力。四是加强基层党组织之间的合作，各类基层党组织应积极面对特殊领域资源匮乏的情况，及时通过整合资源实现党建资源供给的有效性和均衡性，保持组织体系的稳定性。

(II) Recreate the Leadership Mechanism, Promote Adaptive Governance in the Process

（二）再造引领机制，推动过程上的调适性治理

In response to the problem of insufficient adaptability in the process of Party building leading rural revitalization, it is urgent to recreate the leadership mechanism and promote adaptive governance in the process. First, coordinate and integrate inter-organizational communication and linkage. Guided by problems and matters, establish a mechanism for organizational linkage in Party building leading rural revitalization across three process chains—pre-event, in-event, and post-event—to achieve rapid organizational linkage and full-process connection of related problems and matters.[14]14 "Pre-event, in-event, post-event" is a standard Chinese bureaucratic formulation for a full-cycle management process, covering planning, implementation, and follow-up. Second, form a value mechanism of "reshape values—value consensus—rural revitalization." On the one hand, rural grassroots Party organizations, based on the characteristics of rural society, effectively embed the Party's values into rural culture through diverse dissemination methods. On the other hand, rural grassroots Party organizations guide residents to formulate village rules and civil agreements guided by the contractual spirit of modern society, regulate villagers' words and deeds by reconstructing rural informal institutions, and create a harmonious social order at the grassroots level, thereby achieving the goal of reconstructing public values. Third, form an interest mechanism of "resource allocation—interest linkage—rural revitalization" to empower the countryside. First, focus on interest demands. Grassroots Party organizations explore a "Party-mass roundtable" deliberation system composed of Party members, group leaders, and villager representatives to jointly deliberate on the interest demands of the Party and the masses and consolidate interest consensus. Second, revitalize interest resources. Grassroots Party organizations sort out the available natural and human resources in the area, negotiate and plan key development projects through the "Party-mass roundtable," strive for corresponding policy and financial support, encourage villagers to cooperate and invest shares, and fully revitalize dormant resources. Finally, grassroots Party organizations formulate corresponding policies and systems to create an interest community of "grassroots Party building + rural organizations + social organizations," fully gather the diverse forces of rural revitalization, and increase villagers' income. Fourth, by constructing a power structure of top-down connectivity and horizontal collaboration, form a power mechanism of "downward empowerment—power reconstruction—rural revitalization" to maximize the benefits of rural revitalization. On the one hand, construct a governance structure for Party building leading rural revitalization that connects top and bottom. Grassroots Party organizations build bridges for communication with the masses, effectively listen to the demands of the people, and actively participate in rural revitalization as "facilitators." Diverse rural social organizations should expand their power and responsibility boundaries and actively contribute their strength to rural revitalization. On the other hand, construct a governance structure for Party building leading rural revitalization based on horizontal collaboration, strengthen the construction of grassroots Party organizations, promote revitalization through "politics," enhance villagers' democratic awareness, promote revitalization through "the people," strengthen the rule of law in rural areas, promote revitalization through "law," strengthen rural moral norms, promote revitalization through "virtue," cultivate and supply scientific and technological talents for the countryside, promote revitalization through "wisdom," and fully promote "Party-mass integration" to achieve rural revitalization.

针对党建引领乡村振兴过程中调试性不强的问题，亟需再造引领机制，推动过程上的调试性治理。第一，统筹协调组织间的互通联动，以问题、事项为导向，建立事前、事中、事后三个流程链条的党建引领乡村振兴的组织联动机制，实现组织的快速联动与相关问题、事项的全过程衔接。[14] 第二，形成“重塑价值-价值共识-乡村振兴”的价值机制。一方面，农村基层党组织立足农村社会特点，以多样化的传播方式将党的价值观有效嵌入乡村文化。另一方面，农村基层党组织以现代社会的契约精神引导居民制定村规民约，通过重构农村非正式制度规范村民言行，在基层社会营造和谐的社会秩序，从而达到重构公共价值的目标。第三，形成“资源分配-利益联结-乡村振兴”利益机制为乡村赋能。首先，聚焦利益诉求，基层党组织探索由党员、小组长和村民代表等组成的“党群圆桌会”处事制度，共同协商党群的利益诉求，凝聚利益共识。其次，盘活利益资源。基层党组织整理出该地区可利用的自然人文资源，通过“党群圆桌会”协商策划重点开发项目，争取相应的政策和资金支持，鼓励村民合作入股，充分盘活沉睡的资源。最后，基层党组织通过制定相应政策制度，打造“基层党建+乡村组织+社会组织”的利益共同体，充分汇聚乡村振兴的多元主体力量，增加村民收入。第四，通过构建上下连通、横向协作的权力结构，形成“向下赋权-权力重构-乡村振兴”的权力机制，实现乡村振兴效益的最大化。一方面，构建上下联通的党建引领乡村振兴的治理结构。基层党组织搭建与群众沟通的桥梁，有效听取民众诉求，以“辅助者”的身份积极参与乡村振兴。乡村多元社会组织要扩大权责边界，为乡村振兴积极贡献自己的力量。另一方面，构建横向协作的党建引领乡村振兴的治理结构，加强基层党组织建设，以“政”促“兴”，提高村民民主意识，以“民”促“兴”，加强乡村法治建设，以“法”促“兴”，加强乡村道德规范，以“德”促“兴”，为乡村培养和输送科技人才，以“智”促“兴”，充分促进“党群融合”，实现乡村振兴。

(III) Improve Functional Integration, Strengthen the Effectiveness of Party Building Leadership through Function Fulfillment

（三）完善功能融入，通过功能发挥强化党建引领的效度

To solve the problem of Party building "suspension" in rural revitalization led by Party building, Party organizations need to shift from rigid "embedding" to "integration," fully leverage functions such as political leadership, ideological leadership, social mobilization, institutional improvement, and service provision, and promote diverse action subjects including enterprises, institutions, social organizations, and residents to align their hearts with the Party organization, jointly establish the goals of rural revitalization, and form an open relationship of collaboration and interaction.

破解党建引领乡村振兴出现的党建“悬浮化”问题，需要党组织由硬性“嵌入”向“融入”转变，充分发挥政治引领、思想引领、社会动员、制度完善、服务供给等功能，推动企事业单位、社会组织以及居民等多元行动主体心向党组织，共同确立乡村振兴的目标并形成协作互动的开放式关系。

Strengthen political functions, enhance political leadership. “The political function is the soul of grassroots Party organizations.”[15]15 This is a quotation from an internal Party document or speech, emphasizing the primacy of political function in grassroots Party organizations. In July 1925, the Third Session of the Central Executive Committee of the Communist Party of China held in Shanghai pointed out: “The significance of organizational work is by no means merely technical, but political.”[16]16 Reference to the Third Session of the Central Executive Committee of the CPC held in Shanghai in July 1925, which stressed the political nature of organizational work. The core task of rural grassroots Party organizations in rural revitalization is to play their leading core role. First, clarify the political positioning, strengthen the Party’s leadership, and actively guide the masses to “maintain a high degree of consistency with the Party Central Committee in political stance, political direction, political principles, and political path.”[17]17 Quotation from a Party document, likely the 19th National Congress report or a subsequent Central Committee resolution, calling for alignment with the Party Central Committee. Second, clarify the specific content of political functions, and strengthen the leadership position through a series of daily activities such as leading grassroots governance, mobilizing the masses, and promoting reform and development. Third, clarify the boundaries of power, reverse the tendency to replace “political functions” with “administrative functions,” and lead rural revitalization work within the scope of authority. Fourth, maintain political resolve, enhance political judgment and political comprehension in leading rural revitalization, and ultimately focus on political execution, achieving compliance with Party discipline and fulfilling responsibilities for the Party.[18]18 This sentence lists four “political” capacities (judgment, comprehension, execution) and the requirement to abide by Party discipline and fulfill Party duties. In summary, by exerting political functions, enhance political leadership, and gather the mighty force for rural revitalization.

加强政治功能，提升政治领导力。“政治功能是基层党组织的灵魂。”[15] 1925 年 7 月，中国共产党在上海召开的中央执行委员会第三次会议指出：“组织工作的意义，绝不止于是技术的，而是政治的。”[16] 农村基层党组织在乡村振兴中的核心工作是发挥其领导核心地位。一是明确政治定位，加强党的领导，积极引导人民群众在“政治立场、政治方向、政治原则、政治道路上同党中央保持高度一致”[17]。二是明确政治功能的具体内容，通过领导基层治理、动员群众、推动改革发展等一系列日常活动强化领导地位。三是理清权力边界，扭转以“行政功能”代替“政治功能”倾向，在职权范围内领导农村开展乡村振兴工作。四是保持政治定力，增强引领乡村振兴的政治判断力、政治领悟力，最终落脚到政治执行力，做到对党遵规守纪、为党尽责。[18] 总之，通过发挥政治功能，增强政治引领力，凝聚乡村振兴的磅礴力量。

Strengthen ideological guidance, enhance the cohesion of Party organizations toward rural multiculturalism. First, reshape the rural cultural system under the guidance of core socialist values. Vigorously promote the farming culture within excellent traditional rural culture, and by excavating the moral norms and village rules and folk conventions it contains, educate the masses and unite people’s hearts. Second, cultivate farmers’ collectivist spirit, excavate the collectivist values contained in rural cooperative economic organizations and collective economic organizations, and strengthen farmers’ contract spirit, democratic deliberation, and cooperative spirit. Third, study, publicize, and apply the Party’s innovative theories, and use Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era to promote grassroots social reform and development. Fourth, based on the development of social ideology, comprehensively change the ways, methods, and means of one’s own propaganda, achieve the effective embedding and internalization of Party values among the masses, and enhance the people’s consciousness and enthusiasm for participating in Party activities.

加强思想引领，增强党组织对乡村多元文化的凝聚力。一是在社会主义核心价值观的引领下重塑乡村文化体系。大力弘扬农村优秀传统文化中的农耕文化，通过挖掘其蕴含的道德规范和乡规民约教化群众、凝聚人心。二是培育农民集体主义精神，挖掘农村合作经济组织、集体经济组织中蕴含的集体主义价值观，强化农民的契约精神、民主议事和合作精神。三是学习、宣传并运用党的创新理论，用习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想推动基层社会改革发展。四是立足社会意识形态发展，全方位改变自身宣传的方式、方法和手段，实现政党价值观对人民群众的有效嵌入和内化，增强民众参与政党活动的自觉和热情。

Fully stimulate farmers’ subjectivity, consolidate the mass cohesion of rural grassroots Party organizations. On the one hand, practice the mass line, go deep among the masses, mobilize the masses, and through measures such as pairing-up and co-building, industrial support, and stationing in villages and linking with households, mobilize the peasant masses to actively participate in rural revitalization. On the other hand, rural grassroots Party organizations must be adept at solving the immediate interest issues that farmers care about, treat rural revitalization as a major livelihood issue, place the starting point and foothold of all work on meeting the needs and interests of the masses to the greatest extent, enhance the peasant masses’ sense of identification with the Party, thereby consciously working in unison and moving in the same direction with the Party,[19]19 The phrase “同向同行” (moving in the same direction and walking the same path) is a standard Party expression for unity of purpose between the Party and the masses. and gather the joint force for rural revitalization and development.

充分激发农民主体性，夯实农村基层党组织的群众凝聚力。一方面，要践行群众路线，深入群众、发动群众，通过结对共建、产业扶持、驻村联户等措施调动农民群众积极参与乡村振兴。另一方面，农村基层党组织要善于解决农民关心的切身利益问题，将乡村振兴作为重大的民生大事来抓，将一切工作的出发点和落脚点放在最大程度满足人民群众的需求和利益上，增强农民群众对党的认同感，从而自觉与党同心同力、同向同行 [19]，汇聚乡村振兴发展的合力。

Improve institutional construction, enhance the development impetus of grassroots Party organizations. The key to enhancing the development impetus of rural grassroots Party organizations lies in rectifying current problems, and through continuous self-improvement and self-purification, preventing problems before they occur. First, establish institutional mechanisms for channeling resources and power downward, build organizational mechanisms for entrepreneurs, wealth-creating experts, and village sages to participate in rural revitalization, and ensure rural revitalization from the institutional and organizational level. Second, improve the evaluation system, perfect the incentive and protection mechanism, guide Party members and cadres to establish a correct view of power, view of career, and outlook on political performance, and promote rural grassroots Party organizations to become the “mainstay” of rural revitalization. Third, build a conflict resolution mechanism, and by establishing a “grand mediation mechanism with administrative mediation as the lead, people’s mediation as the foundation, and judicial mediation as the guarantee,”[20]20 The “grand mediation mechanism” (大调解机制) is a Chinese governance innovation combining administrative, people’s, and judicial mediation to resolve social conflicts at the grassroots level. prevent and resolve social conflicts, and stimulate the vitality of rural revitalization.

完善制度建设，提升基层党组织的发展推动力。农村基层党组织的发展推动力提升的关键在于整改当前问题，通过不断自我完善、自我净化而防患于未然。一是建立资源和权力向下的制度机制，构建企业家、致富能手和乡贤参与乡村振兴的组织机制，从制度组织上保障乡村振兴。二是完善考评体系，健全激励保护机制，引导党员干部树立正确的权力观、事业观和政绩观，推动农村基层党组织成为乡村振兴的“主心骨”。三是构建矛盾化解机制，通过建立“以行政调解为主导、以人民调解为基础、以司法调解为保障”的大调解机制 [20]，预防和化解社会矛盾，激发乡村振兴的活力。

Strengthen service functions, enhance social appeal. On the one hand, grassroots Party organizations must avoid the problems of “insufficient service” and “inadequate service,” and on the basis of straightening out their relationships and functions with villagers’ committees and other village-level organizations, ensure their decision-making power, leadership power, and supervisory power in major rural affairs, build a service work system for comprehensively advancing the rural revitalization strategy, perfect the content system for serving Party members, and build a “network system with the central village Party organization as the leader,” to enhance the overall effectiveness of services. On the other hand, perfect the mechanism for mass participation in decision-making. Grassroots Party organizations link responsibility to higher authorities with responsibility to the masses, combine policy implementation with serving the public, and orderly advance grassroots people’s participation in rural revitalization within the institutionalized track.

强化服务功能，增强社会号召力。一方面基层党组织要避免“服务不足”和“服务不到”问题，在理顺其与村民委员会及其他村级组织关系和职能的基础上确保其在农村重大事务中的决策权、领导权和监督权，构建全面推进乡村振兴战略的服务工作体系，完善服务党员的内容体系，构建“以中心村党组织为龙头的网络体系”，提升服务的整体效能。另一方面要完善群众参与决策机制。基层党组织将对上级负责和对群众负责相联系，将执行政策和服务大众相结合，有序推进基层民众在制度化轨道内参与乡村振兴。

[This article is a phased result of the National Social Science Fund project “Investigation and Cultivation Countermeasure Research on the Talent Status of Village-Level ‘Two Committees’ in Western Rural Areas” (Project No. 22XDJ022), and the special research project “Research on Party Building Leading Urban Community Governance Community Construction” (Project No. 2024ZX004) under the study and implementation of the spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC and the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important speech and instructions during his inspection of Gansu.]

【本文为国家社科基金项目《西部农村村级“两委”人才现状调查及培养对策研究》 （项目编号：22XDJ022）、学习贯彻党的二十届三中全会精神和习近平总书记视察甘肃重要讲话重要指示精神研究专项课题项目《党建引领城市社区治理共同体建设研究》（项目编号：2024ZX004）的阶段性成果】

(The author is Director and Associate Professor of the Department of Party Building and Leadership Science, Gansu Provincial Party School [Gansu Academy of Governance].)

（作者为甘肃省委党校［甘肃行政学院］党的建设和领导科学教研部主任、副教授）

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