A Sharp Ideological Weapon for Strengthening Party Conduct in the New Era

The Party Central Committee has decided to carry out a study and education initiative on thoroughly implementing the spirit of the Eight-Point Regulations throughout the Party, from after the 2025 Two Sessions [1]1 The "Three Great Work Styles" refer to the Party's fine traditions formed during the Yan'an period: integrating theory with practice, maintaining close ties with the masses, and practicing criticism and self-criticism. to July. In March 2025, General Secretary Xi Jinping, during his inspections in Guizhou and Yunnan,

党中央决定，自2025年全国两会后至7月，在全党开展深入贯彻中央八项规定精神学习教育。2025年3月，习近平总书记在贵州、云南考察时，对开展深入贯彻中央八项规定精神学习教育提出明确要求。总书记指出：“党中央决定在全党开展深入贯彻中央八项规定精神学习教育，这是今年党建工作的重点任务。各级党组织要精心组织实施，推动党员、干部增强定力、养成习惯，以优良作风凝心聚力、干事创业。”

Our Party attaches great importance to its own building, and particularly emphasizes that “handling China’s affairs well depends on the Party” and that “the issue of the Party’s work style concerns the life or death of the Party.” Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has gone

我们党高度重视自身建设，特别强调“办好中国的事情，关键在党”，“党风问题关系党的生死存亡”。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央，全力以赴大抓党的建设，从加强党的作风建设开局，从制定和落实中央八项规定破题。回顾这段难忘的历程，极不平凡、极不寻常，小切口带来大变化，小切口促成大变局。八项规定一子落地，作风建设满盘皆活，党风政风焕然一新，社风民风持续向好，党在人民心中的形象实现重塑。我们党以作风建设新气象，赢得了人民群众的信任和拥护。

Great practice gives birth to innovative theory, and innovative theory guides great practice, manifesting the power of thought. In the practice of advancing comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, General Secretary Xi Jinping has delivered a series of important speeches and made a series of important instructions and directives on strengthening the Party's work style, forming General Secretary Xi Jinping's important discourse on strengthening the Party's work style. This important discourse is an important component of General Secretary Xi Jinping's important thought on Party building and his important thought on the Party's self-revolution. It provides a sharp ideological weapon for strengthening the Party's work style in the New Era and also provides a fundamental guideline for thoroughly carrying out the study and education on implementing the spirit of the Eight-Point Regulations.

伟大实践孕育创新理论，创新理论指导伟大实践，彰显了思想的力量。在推进全面从严治党的实践中，习近平总书记就加强党的作风建设发表一系列重要讲话、作出一系列重要指示批示，形成习近平总书记关于加强党的作风建设的重要论述。这些重要论述是习近平总书记关于党的建设的重要思想、关于党的自我革命的重要思想的重要组成部分，为新时代加强党的作风建设提供了锐利思想武器，也为开展深入贯彻中央八项规定精神学习教育提供了根本遵循。

I. General Secretary Xi Jinping's important discourse on strengthening the Party's work style profoundly elaborates on the great significance, essential nature, and core essence of strengthening the Party's work style in the New Era

一、习近平总书记关于加强党的作风建设的重要论述，深刻阐述了加强党的作风建设的重大意义、本质属性和核心要义

Party building is a systematic project, involving different fields and different aspects. So, why must our Party strengthen its work style? What is the relationship between the Party's work style building and other aspects of Party building? What role and status does the Party's work style building have in the cause of the Party and the people? Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, in the practice of advancing comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, General Secretary Xi Jinping has profoundly elaborated on the great significance, essential nature, and core essence of strengthening the Party's work style in the New Era, providing scientific answers to a series of major theoretical and practical issues involved in the Party's work style building in the New Era.

党的建设是系统工程，涉及不同的领域和不同的方面。那么，我们党为什么要加强党的作风建设？党的作风建设与党的其他建设是什么关系？党的作风建设在党和人民事业中具有什么样的地位和作用？党的十八大以来，习近平总书记在推进全面从严治党实践中，深刻阐述了新时代加强党的作风建设的重大意义、本质属性和核心要义，对新时代党的作风建设涉及的一系列重大理论和实践问题给予了科学回答。

The Party's work style is related to the will of the people and determines the success or failure of the Party's and the country's cause. This is General Secretary Xi Jinping's high-level summary of the great significance of strengthening the Party's work style in the New Era. The Party's work style is the Party's image, a barometer for observing the relationship between the Party and the masses, between cadres and the people, and the will of the people. If the Party's work style is upright, the people's hearts are at ease, and the Party and the people can share hardships and joys. The General Secretary pointed out: "Our Party, as a Marxist political party upholding the lofty ideal of communism, has generally had a good work style throughout its nearly a century of struggle." In the arduous years of the revolutionary war, our Party cultivated and adhered to the Party's "Three Great Work Styles" [1]1 The "Three Great Work Styles" refer to the Party's fine traditions formed during the Yan'an period: integrating theory with practice, maintaining close ties with the masses, and practicing criticism and self-criticism., which are the distinctive signs distinguishing our Party from other political parties. The reason our Party was able to win the victory of the New Democratic Revolution and lead the people in establishing New China is due to many factors, among which an important one is that our Party always maintained a flesh-and-blood connection with the masses, ultimately "defeating the Xi'an style with the Yan'an style." [2]2 "Yan'an style" refers to the CPC's austere, egalitarian, and mass-oriented work style during its Yan'an base area period (1936-1948). "Xi'an style" refers to the corrupt, bureaucratic style of the Kuomintang (KMT) government, which was headquartered in Xi'an during the war. The phrase is a well-known slogan from the Mao era. The General Secretary further pointed out: "All things are in a state of change, and the environment our Party faces and the Party's ranks are also in a state of change. Especially after the Party came to power nationwide, the changes brought to Party members and cadres by the Party's ruling status have also become very apparent." Work style issues have manifested themselves with increasing complexity. The General Secretary emphasized: "The more we advance reform and opening up, the more we develop the socialist market economy, and the longer we remain in power, the more prominent various work style issues within the Party become, and the more we must strengthen work style education and work style building." The General Secretary clearly stated, "Our Party's ruling foundation is very solid, but if work style issues are not properly resolved, there could also come a moment like 'the Hegemon of Chu bids farewell to his concubine' [3]3 "The Hegemon of Chu bids farewell to his concubine" (霸王别姬) is a famous Chinese historical allusion. It refers to Xiang Yu, the Hegemon-King of Western Chu, who, after being defeated in a decisive battle, performed a final farewell to his beloved concubine Yu before committing suicide. It is used here as a metaphor for a leader or party losing power due to losing the people's support.;" "If a ruling party does not pay attention to work style building and allows unhealthy tendencies to erode the Party's body, it risks losing the people's support and the danger of losing power." The General Secretary's important discourse is truly thought-provoking!

党的作风关系人心向背，决定党和国家事业成败，这是习近平总书记对新时代加强党的作风建设重大意义的高度概括。党的作风是党的形象，是观察党群干群关系、人心向背的晴雨表。党的作风正，人民的心气顺，党和人民就能同甘共苦。总书记指出：“我们党作为秉持共产主义远大理想的马克思主义政党，在近一个世纪的奋斗历程中，作风状况总的是好的。”在革命战争年代的艰苦岁月里，我们党培育并坚持了党的“三大作风”，这是我们党区别于其他政党的显著标志。我们党之所以能够取得新民主主义革命的胜利，带领人民建立了新中国，原因有很多条，其中重要一条是我们党始终保持同人民群众的血肉联系，最终“用延安作风打败西安作风”。总书记进一步指出：“一切事物都处在变化之中，我们党所面临的环境和党的队伍也处在变化之中。特别是党在全国执政以后，党的执政地位给党员、干部队伍带来的变化也十分明显。”作风问题越来越复杂地表现出来。总书记强调：“越是改革开放，越是发展社会主义市场经济，越是长期执政，党内形形色色的作风问题越是突出，我们越是要加强作风教育和作风建设。”总书记明确提出，“我们党的执政基础很牢固，但如果作风问题解决不好，也有可能出现‘霸王别姬’这样的时刻”；“执政党如果不注重作风建设，听任不正之风侵蚀党的肌体，就有失去民心、丧失政权的危险”。总书记的重要论述振聋发聩啊！

The issue of work style is essentially an issue of Party spirit. This is General Secretary Xi Jinping's incisive elaboration on the essential nature of strengthening the Party's work style in the New Era. Work style reflects image and quality, embodies Party spirit, and it is Party spirit that plays the decisive role. Solving the issue of Party spirit on the basis of solving work style issues is an important focus for improving work style. The General Secretary profoundly pointed out, "The fundamental yardstick for measuring the strength of Party spirit is the distinction between public and private," "Some work style issues may seem minor—a few meals, a few drinks, a few cards—but they are all connected to the issue of public and private, all related to public funds and public power." The General Secretary emphasized: "To grasp work style building, we must return to simplicity and consolidate the foundation, focusing on strengthening ideals and convictions, practicing the fundamental purpose, and enhancing moral cultivation." The General Secretary pointed out: "Conviction is the root, work style is the form. When the root is upright, the form gathers; when the root is not upright, the form inevitably scatters. Maintaining and developing the Party's fine work style, and strengthening ideals and convictions, is fundamental." "For us Communists, whether we can solve work style issues is a very important yardstick for measuring our faith in Marxism, our belief in socialism and communism, and our loyalty to the Party and the people." The General Secretary further emphasized: "Party spirit, Party work style, and Party discipline form an organic whole. Party spirit is the foundation, Party work style is the manifestation, and Party discipline is the guarantee." Party spirit, Party work style, and Party discipline are unified in the practice of Party building. The three are interconnected and mutually reinforcing, jointly acting to forge a strong and powerful Marxist political party. We must follow the General Secretary's requirements and treat the conduct of serious and regular intra-Party political life as a "purifier" for cleansing the Party's work style.

作风问题本质上是党性问题，这是习近平总书记对新时代加强党的作风建设本质属性的精辟阐述。作风反映的是形象和素质，体现的是党性，起决定作用的也是党性，必须在解决作风问题的基础上解决好党性问题，这是改进作风的一个重要着眼点。总书记深刻指出，“衡量党性强弱的根本尺子是公、私二字”，“作风问题有的看起来不大，几顿饭，几杯酒，几张卡，但都与公私问题有联系，都与公款、公权有关系”。总书记强调：“抓作风建设，就要返璞归真、固本培元，重点突出坚定理想信念、践行根本宗旨、加强道德修养。”总书记指出：“信念是本，作风是形，本正而形聚，本不正则形必散。保持和发扬党的优良作风，坚定理想信念是根本。”“对我们共产党人来讲，能不能解决好作风问题，是衡量对马克思主义信仰、对社会主义和共产主义信念、对党和人民忠诚的一把十分重要的尺子。”总书记进一步强调：“党性、党风、党纪是有机整体，党性是根本，党风是表现，党纪是保障。”党性、党风、党纪统一于党的建设实践中，三者相互联系、相互促进，共同作用于锻造坚强有力的马克思主义政党。要按照总书记的要求，把开展严肃认真的党内政治生活，作为纯洁党风的“净化器”。

The core of the work style issue is the relationship between the Party and the masses. This is General Secretary Xi Jinping's precise refinement of the core essence of strengthening the Party's work style in the New Era. To strengthen the work style building of cadres, the most important thing is to grasp the core issue of maintaining a flesh-and-blood connection with the masses. The General Secretary emphasized: "For the Party to continue to withstand the tests of governance, reform and opening up, the market economy, and the external environment, it must always maintain close ties with the masses." At no time and under no circumstances can the stance of breathing the same breath, sharing the same fate, and being heart-to-heart with the people be changed; the purpose of serving the people wholeheartedly cannot be forgotten; the historical materialist viewpoint that the masses are the true heroes cannot be abandoned; we must always adhere to building the Party for the public good and exercising power for the people. The General Secretary further profoundly pointed out: "The country is the people, and the people are the country. To fight for and guard the country is to guard the people's hearts." The Communist Party of China is rooted in the people, its blood flows from the people, and its strength comes from the people. The masses possess boundless wisdom and strength. Only by always trusting the people, firmly relying on the people, and fully mobilizing the initiative, creativity, and enthusiasm of the broad masses can we gather the mighty force of unity. The General Secretary clearly demanded, "We must always place the people highest in our hearts, firmly adopt the people's stance, deeply cultivate the feeling of serving the people, grasp the characteristics and laws of mass work under the new situation, take the lead in following the mass line, embody caring for the masses and loving the people in all aspects of fulfilling our duties, focus on ensuring and improving people's livelihoods, promptly respond to the reasonable demands of the people, and earnestly do good things, practical things, and difficult things well." Between the lines of the General Secretary's important discourse, there is a profound affection and great love for the people.

作风问题核心是党同人民群众的关系问题，这是习近平总书记对新时代加强党的作风建设核心要义的精准提炼。加强干部作风建设，最重要是要抓住保持同人民群众的血肉联系这个核心问题。总书记强调：“党要继续经受住执政考验、改革开放考验、市场经济考验、外部环境考验，就必须始终密切联系群众。”在任何时候任何情况下，与人民同呼吸共命运的立场不能变，全心全意为人民服务的宗旨不能忘，群众是真正英雄的历史唯物主义观点不能丢，始终坚持立党为公、执政为民。总书记进一步深刻指出：“江山就是人民、人民就是江山，打江山、守江山，守的是人民的心。”中国共产党根基在人民、血脉在人民、力量在人民，人民群众有着无尽的智慧和力量。只有始终相信人民，紧紧依靠人民，充分调动广大人民的积极性、主动性、创造性，才能凝聚起众志成城的磅礴之力。总书记明确要求，“要始终把人民放在心中最高位置，站稳人民立场，厚植为民情怀，把握新形势下群众工作的特点和规律，带头走好群众路线，把心系群众、情系百姓体现到履职尽责全过程各方面，着力保障和改善民生，及时回应人民群众合理诉求，切实把好事办好、实事办实、难事办妥”。总书记重要论述的字里行间，充满着对人民群众的深情厚意和大爱。

II. General Secretary Xi Jinping's important discourse on strengthening the Party's work style profoundly elaborates on the major measures, key tasks, and the "key minority" for strengthening the Party's work style

二、习近平总书记关于加强党的作风建设的重要论述，深刻阐述了加强党的作风建设的重大举措、重点任务和“关键少数”

After the 18th National Congress of the CPC, faced with various problems and malpractices within the Party, how should the Party govern itself? How should comprehensive and strict governance of the Party be enforced? As the saying goes, “a tiger eating the sky must first figure out where to bite.” [4]4 “A tiger eating the sky” (老虎吃天) is a Chinese idiom meaning a task that is daunting or seemingly impossible to start, often used with “doesn’t know where to bite” (无从下口). Through careful consideration and in-depth research, General Secretary Xi Jinping and the Party Central Committee decisively decided to start with work style, especially by rectifying prominent problems within the Party such as formalism, bureaucratism, hedonism, and extravagance, “starting small, seeing the big from the small, and using the small to drive the big.” This identified the breakthrough point and resolved the issues of what to focus on and how to proceed in work style building under the new conditions. The formulation and implementation of the Eight-Point Regulations of the Central Committee was our Party’s act of “moving the wood to establish trust” [5]5 “Moving the wood to establish trust” (徙木立信) refers to a story from the Warring States period where Shang Yang, a reformer, moved a log to demonstrate the credibility of his new laws, symbolizing the establishment of trust through action. in the New Era, becoming a landmark measure that changed the political ecosystem and social landscape. The Party Central Committee took the lead and set an example from the top, playing a driving and exemplary role for the entire Party’s work style building. In this process, the General Secretary profoundly elaborated on the major measures, key tasks, and the “key minority” for strengthening the Party’s work style in the New Era, putting forward clear requirements on how to strengthen the Party’s work style in the New Era.

党的十八大之后，面对党内存在的种种问题和弊端，党要管党怎么管？全面从严治党怎么严？如同老虎吃天，首先要弄清楚从哪儿下口。经过认真思考和深入研究，习近平总书记和党中央断然决定，从作风建设特别是整治党内存在的形式主义、官僚主义、享乐主义和奢靡之风等突出问题抓起，“从小抓起，以小见大，以小带大”，这就找到了突破口，解决了新形势下作风建设抓什么、怎么抓的问题。制定实施中央八项规定，是我们党在新时代的徙木立信之举，成了改变政治生态和社会面貌的标志性举措。党中央率先垂范、以上率下，对全党作风建设起到了带动示范作用。在这个过程中，总书记深刻阐述了新时代加强党的作风建设的重大举措、重点任务和“关键少数”，对新时代如何加强党的作风建设提出了明确要求。

The Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection proposed, “Persevere in implementing the spirit of the Eight-Point Regulations of the Central Committee, and strictly rectify the ‘Four Forms of Decadence’ to the end.” [6]6 The “Four Forms of Decadence” (四风) is a standard internal Party term referring to formalism, bureaucratism, hedonism, and extravagance. The picture shows the statistical table on violations of the spirit of the Eight-Point Regulations of the Central Committee nationwide in January 2025, published by the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection and the National Supervisory Commission on February 26, 2025. This is the 137th consecutive month of publishing monthly report data. Provided by the News and Communication Center of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection and the National Supervisory Commission.

二十届中央纪委四次全会提出，“锲而不舍落实中央八项规定精神，一严到底纠治‘四风’”。图为2025年2月26日，中央纪委国家监委公布的2025年1月全国查处违反中央八项规定精神问题统计表，这是连续第137个月公布月报数据。 中央纪委国家监委新闻传播中心供图

The Eight-Point Regulations of the Central Committee are the entry point and mobilization order for improving work style, and are long-term effective iron rules and hard constraints. This is General Secretary Xi Jinping’s vivid expression of the major measures for strengthening the Party’s work style in the New Era. Nothing can be accomplished without norms or standards. The General Secretary pointed out: “The guiding ideology for formulating these regulations is to enforce strict requirements, reflecting the Party’s self-governance and strict governance.” The General Secretary particularly emphasized: “Since we are making regulations, we should strive for stricter standards and make them genuine. Tepid, mediocre, and empty slogans will not be implemented and might as well not be made. When setting rules, we must implement things that already have clear norms, constrain things that do not conform to norms, and standardize things that lack norms. Rules are meant to constrain, so they should be tighter. Being tighter naturally makes one uncomfortable, and there will be issues with comfort. We should be a bit uncomfortable and a bit uneasy. If we are a bit uncomfortable and uneasy, the people’s comfort will be better, their satisfaction will be higher, and their feelings toward us will be better.” The General Secretary also profoundly pointed out: “The Eight-Point Regulations are neither the highest standard nor the ultimate goal; they are only the first step in improving our work style, a basic requirement that we as Communists should meet.” The General Secretary repeatedly emphasized that implementing the spirit of the Eight-Point Regulations of the Central Committee is a tough and protracted battle. The Eight-Point Regulations of the Central Committee are not only valid for five or ten years but must be adhered to long-term. We must show perseverance and tenacity, continue to work on constancy and longevity, strictness and substance, depth and detail, manage until it becomes a habit, achieve results, and turn it into custom. We must carry forward the spirit of driving in nails, with the momentum of “leaving marks on stone and imprints on steel when stepping,” [7]7 “Leaving marks on stone and imprints on steel when stepping” (踏石留印、抓铁有痕) is a Chinese idiom meaning to act with determination and produce tangible results. start well and end well, do well and achieve results, prevent a strong start and weak finish, let the entire Party and all the people supervise, and let the masses continuously see tangible results and changes.

中央八项规定是改进作风的切入口和动员令，是长期有效的铁规矩、硬杠杠，这是习近平总书记对新时代加强党的作风建设重大举措作出的生动表达。没有规矩，不成方圆。总书记指出：“制定这方面的规矩，指导思想就是从严要求，体现党要管党、从严治党。”总书记特别强调：“既然作规定，就要朝严一点的标准去努力，就要来真格的。不痛不痒的，四平八稳的，都是空洞口号，就落不到实处，还不如不做。定规矩，就要落实一些已经有明确规范的事情，就要约束一些不合规范的事情，就要规范一些没有规范的事情。规矩是起约束作用的，所以要紧一点。紧一点自然就不舒服了，舒适度就有问题了，就是要不舒服一点、不自在一点，我们不舒服一点、不自在一点，老百姓的舒适度就好一点、满意度就高一点，对我们的感觉就好一点。”总书记还深刻指出：“八项规定既不是最高标准，更不是最终目的，只是我们改进作风的第一步，是我们作为共产党人应该做到的基本要求。”总书记一再强调，落实中央八项规定精神是一场攻坚战、持久战。中央八项规定不是只管五年、十年，而是要长期坚持。要拿出恒心和韧劲，继续在常和长、严和实、深和细上下功夫，管出习惯、抓出成效，化风成俗。要发扬钉钉子精神，以踏石留印、抓铁有痕的劲头抓下去，善始善终、善作善成，防止虎头蛇尾，让全党全体人民来监督，让人民群众不断看到实实在在的成效和变化。

Continuously deepening the rectification of the “Four Forms of Decadence” is the prominent emphasis General Secretary Xi Jinping places on the key tasks of strengthening the Party’s work style in the New Era. Entering the New Era, facing profound changes in the world, the nation, and the Party, the dangers of mental slackness, insufficient capability, detachment from the masses, and passive corruption are more sharply placed before the entire Party. Phenomena of detachment from the masses within the Party are widespread, and some problems are quite serious, concentratedly manifested in the “Four Forms of Decadence”: formalism, bureaucratism, hedonism, and extravagance. The General Secretary pointed out: “In terms of formalism, the main issues are the disconnection between knowledge and action, lack of practical results, mountains of documents and seas of meetings, showy and superficial actions, craving for false reputation, and engaging in fraud”; “In terms of bureaucratism, the main issues are detachment from reality and the masses, being high and mighty, ignoring reality, self-importance, and self-inflation”; “In terms of hedonism, the main issues are mental slackness, lack of ambition, chasing fame and fortune, seeking pleasure, pursuing ostentation, and indulging in entertainment”; “In terms of extravagance, the main issues are wastefulness, profligacy, large-scale construction, excessive festivals, luxurious living, decadence, and even abusing power for personal gain and corruption.” The General Secretary sharply pointed out that the “Four Forms of Decadence” violate the nature and purpose of our Party, are the problems most detested by the masses and most strongly reflected upon, and are also important roots damaging the relationship between the Party and the masses and between cadres and the masses. The General Secretary demanded that solving the “Four Forms of Decadence” requires focusing the focal length, finding the acupoints, and grasping the key points, without “losing focus” or “scattering light.” Opposing formalism should focus on solving the problem of insubstantial work; opposing bureaucratism should focus on solving the problem of not safeguarding or acting on the interests of the people; opposing hedonism should focus on overcoming the mentality of instant gratification and privileges; opposing extravagance should focus on resolutely curbing the bad habits of wastefulness, hedonism, and decadence. Solving the “Four Forms of Decadence” must proceed from reality, grasp the principal contradiction, focus on solving whichever problem is prominent, and urgently address whichever problem is pressing, find the target, act with purpose, and strive for practical results. The General Secretary emphasized that the “Four Forms of Decadence” are stubborn, long-term, and complex. They have been suppressed now, but if not taken seriously, if not nipped in the bud, they will make a comeback. We must maintain high vigilance against the “Four Forms of Decadence” and their various mutated manifestations, continue to tighten the screws, maintain a high-pressure stance, yield not an inch, and follow through to the end. We must seek normality in persistence, seek long-term effectiveness from institutional construction, and promote the improvement of social atmosphere. We must make stopping the “Four Forms of Decadence” an important way to consolidate the Party’s heart and the people’s heart, resolutely prevent the emergence of “fatigue syndrome,” strike at hedonism, extravagance, and other decadent practices as soon as they appear, always guard against new trends of hidden and mutated “Four Forms of Decadence,” and never allow them to reignite! Never allow new malpractices to arise while old ones remain uneliminated!

持续深化纠治“四风”，这是习近平总书记对新时代加强党的作风建设重点任务给予的突出强调。进入新时代，面对世情、国情、党情的深刻变化，精神懈怠危险、能力不足危险、脱离群众危险、消极腐败危险更加尖锐地摆在全党面前，党内脱离群众的现象大量存在，一些问题还相当严重，集中表现在形式主义、官僚主义、享乐主义和奢靡之风这“四风”上。总书记指出，“在形式主义方面，主要是知行不一、不求实效，文山会海、花拳绣腿，贪图虚名、弄虚作假”；“在官僚主义方面，主要是脱离实际、脱离群众，高高在上、漠视现实，唯我独尊、自我膨胀”；“在享乐主义方面，主要是精神懈怠、不思进取，追名逐利、贪图享受，讲究排场、玩风盛行”；“在奢靡之风方面，主要是铺张浪费、挥霍无度，大兴土木、节庆泛滥，生活奢华、骄奢淫逸，甚至以权谋私、腐化堕落”。总书记尖锐指出，“四风”是违背我们党的性质和宗旨的，是当前群众深恶痛绝、反映最强烈的问题，也是损害党群干群关系的重要根源。总书记要求，解决“四风”问题，要对准焦距、找准穴位、抓住要害，不能“走神”，不能“散光”。反对形式主义，要着重解决工作不实的问题；反对官僚主义，要着重解决在人民群众利益上不维护、不作为的问题；反对享乐主义，要着重克服及时行乐思想和特权现象；反对奢靡之风，要着重狠刹挥霍享乐和骄奢淫逸的不良风气。解决“四风”问题，要从实际出发，抓住主要矛盾，什么问题突出就着重解决什么问题，什么问题紧迫就抓紧解决什么问题，找准靶子，有的放矢，务求实效。总书记强调，“四风”问题具有顽固性、长期性、复杂性，现在压下去了，但如果不较真，如果不防微杜渐，还是会卷土重来的。对“四风”问题及其各种变异表现，必须保持高度警惕，继续把发条拧紧，保持高压态势，寸步不让，一抓到底。要在坚持中见常态，向制度建设要长效，推动社会风气好转。要把刹住“四风”作为巩固党心民心的重要途径，坚决防止产生“疲劳综合征”，对享乐主义、奢靡之风等歪风陋习要露头就打，对“四风”隐形变异新动向要时刻防范，决不允许死灰复燃！决不允许旧弊未除、新弊又生！

Leading cadres at all levels must take the lead in transforming work style, practice what they preach, and set an example from the top. This is the clear requirement General Secretary Xi Jinping put forward for the “key minority” in strengthening the Party’s work style in the New Era. Work style forms at the top and customs transform below. The General Secretary pointed out: “The key to building a clean and honest Party and government lies with leading cadres, especially the central leadership taking the lead. ‘If the upper beam is not straight, the lower beam will be crooked; if the middle beam is not straight, it will collapse.’ [8]8 “If the upper beam is not straight, the lower beam will be crooked; if the middle beam is not straight, it will collapse” (上梁不正下梁歪，中梁不正倒下来) is a Chinese proverb emphasizing that leaders must set a good example. What you ask others to do, you must first do yourself; what you forbid others from doing, you must not do yourself.” This is true for everything: those above set an example for those below; those above lead and those below follow; what those above like, those below will indulge in; what those above dislike, those below will refrain from; if those above loosen by an inch, those below will loosen by a foot. “If people do not take the lead, others will not follow; if one does not act first, others will not trust.” [9]9 “If people do not take the lead, others will not follow; if one does not act first, others will not trust” (人不率则不从，身不先则不信) is a classical Chinese saying from the *History of the Song Dynasty* (《宋史》). The General Secretary pointed out that in work style building, leading cadres taking the lead is a silent demonstration. “Only when the Political Bureau of the Central Committee improves its own work style and becomes a model for the entire Party can it lead the Party’s clean governance building well.” Leading organs are important organs in the national governance system, and leading cadres are the “key minority” for the development of the Party and the country’s cause, serving as weather vanes for the entire Party and society. Leading organs and cadres charging ahead and acting first is the key to our Party’s success. The General Secretary demanded that leading cadres at all levels form a “leading goose effect.” [10]10 “Leading goose effect” (头雁效应) is a contemporary Chinese political metaphor referring to the exemplary and driving role of leaders, likened to the lead goose in a V-formation. They must strictly discipline themselves, consciously struggle against privileged thinking and phenomena, and get used to working and living in an environment of supervision and constraints. The General Secretary particularly emphasized that leading cadres, especially senior cadres, must manage themselves well, and also manage their family members and relatives, manage the people and affairs around them, manage the atmosphere in the areas they are in charge of or supervise, and take the lead and fulfill their responsibilities in creating a clean and upright political ecosystem, forming refreshing comradely relations and proper superior-subordinate relations, adhering to a clean and honest relationship between government and business, and fostering an upward and good social environment. The General Secretary has set a shining example for the entire Party in terms of integrity and self-discipline.

各级领导干部要带头转变作风，身体力行，以上率下，这是习近平总书记对新时代加强党的作风建设就“关键少数”提出的明确要求。风成于上，俗化于下。总书记指出：“党风廉政建设，关键在领导干部，特别是中央要带头。‘上梁不正下梁歪，中梁不正倒下来。’要求别人做到的，自己首先要做到；要求别人不做的，自己首先不做。”凡事都是这样的，上行下效，上率下行，上有所好、下必甚焉，上有所恶、下必不为，上面松一寸、下面松一尺。“人不率则不从，身不先则不信。”总书记指出，在作风建设方面，领导干部带好头是无声的示范。“中央政治局把自身作风建设搞好了，成为全党表率，才能领导好全党的党风廉政建设。”领导机关是国家治理体系中的重要机关，领导干部是党和国家事业发展的“关键少数”，对全党全社会都具有风向标作用。领导机关和领导干部带头冲在前、干在先，是我们党走向成功的关键。总书记要求各级领导干部形成“头雁效应”。要严格自律，注重自觉同特权思想和特权现象作斗争，习惯在受监督和约束的环境中工作生活。总书记特别强调，领导干部特别是高级干部要管好自身，还要管好家人亲戚、管好身边人身边事、管好主管分管领域风气，在营造风清气正的政治生态、形成清清爽爽的同志关系和规规矩矩的上下级关系、坚持亲清政商关系、营造向上向善的社会环境等方面带好头、尽好责。总书记在廉洁自律方面为全党树立了光辉榜样。

III. General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important expositions on strengthening the Party’s work style profoundly elaborate on the effective pathways, important purposes, and institutional guarantees for strengthening the Party’s work style.

三、习近平总书记关于加强党的作风建设的重要论述，深刻阐述了加强党的作风建设的有效途径、重要目的和制度保障

Work style building is always a work in progress, never a finished task; it is by no means a temporary expedient but an eternal subject. To consolidate the achievements of the Party’s work style building, especially the implementation of the Eight-Point Regulations, the Party’s work style building must be pursued unremittingly, with perseverance and sustained effort; it must continuously improve intra-Party regulations, establish and perfect effective and workable systems and mechanisms, and constantly strengthen institutional construction. In this process, General Secretary Xi Jinping has profoundly expounded the effective pathways, important objectives, and institutional guarantees for strengthening the Party’s work style in the New Era, pointing the way forward for how to strengthen the Party’s work style in the New Era.

作风建设只有进行时，没有完成时，决不是权宜之计，而是永恒的课题。为了巩固党的作风建设特别是贯彻中央八项规定取得的成果，党的作风建设必须坚持不懈地抓，持之以恒、久久为功；必须不断完善党内法规，建立健全有效管用的体制机制，不断加强制度建设。在这个过程中，习近平总书记深刻阐述了新时代加强党的作风建设的有效途径、重要目的和制度保障，为新时代怎样加强党的作风建设指明了前进方向。

Persisting in the integration of rectifying work style, enforcing discipline, and combating corruption — this is General Secretary Xi Jinping’s systematic planning for the effective pathways to strengthen the Party’s work style in the New Era. The General Secretary pointed out: “Establish explicit rules, break implicit rules, and must form a great climate of promoting healthy tendencies within the Party. If the great climate does not take shape, small climates will naturally become the order of the day.” [11]11 “Great climate” and “small climates” are metaphors for the overall political atmosphere and localized or departmental tendencies within the Party. Grasping work style is an important entry point and focal point for advancing the great new project of Party building; we must persist in strict Party governance, implement the responsibility for managing and governing the Party, and integrate the requirements of work style building into the Party’s ideological building, organizational building, anti-corruption and integrity building, and institutional building, comprehensively raising the level of the Party’s building work. The General Secretary pointed out that comprehensive and strict governance of the Party inevitably requires the close integration of rule-based governance of the Party and virtue-based governance of the Party. Morality leads people toward goodness and is the necessary prerequisite and foundation of discipline; discipline is used to punish evil and is the strong backing and guarantee of morality. We must fasten onto the theme of “clean and honest self-discipline,” adhere to positive advocacy with an emphasis on establishing virtue, reaffirm the Party’s ideals, convictions, purposes, and fine traditions and work style, and demonstrate the high standards of the lofty moral pursuits of Communists. We must, centering on the requirements of Party discipline as a disciplinary yardstick, draw up a “negative list” with an emphasis on establishing rules, delineating the bottom line that Party organizations and Party members must not cross. We must truly place discipline and rules at the forefront, wield the yardstick of discipline, both striving toward high standards to unite the Party and the people with the power of personality, and holding the bottom line, strictly enforcing Party discipline, and never crossing the line. [12]12 “Negative list” refers to a list of prohibited behaviors for Party members and organizations, specifying what is not allowed. The General Secretary emphasized that we must deepen the application of the “four forms” of supervision and discipline enforcement, [13]13 The “four forms” of supervision and discipline enforcement are graduated measures: (1) criticism and self-criticism, (2) light organizational measures, (3) heavy organizational measures, and (4) criminal prosecution. especially focusing on making good use of the first form. We must persist in striking both “tigers” and “flies,” [14]14 “Tigers” refers to high-ranking corrupt officials; “flies” refers to low-level corrupt officials. persist in having no forbidden zones, full coverage, and zero tolerance, persist in heavy deterrence, strong pressure, and long-term震慑, strengthen the deterrence that prevents corruption, tighten the cage that makes corruption impossible, and enhance the consciousness that abhors corruption. We must take rectifying work style, enforcing discipline, and combating corruption as important starting points, integrate them together, always adhere to strict principles, strict measures, and a strict atmosphere, use fine work style as a guide, use strict discipline as a guarantee, and use anti-corruption and punishment of evil to clear obstacles, promoting the Party’s self-revolution in an interlocking and progressive manner, continuously achieving self-transcendence through discarding the old and establishing the new, and upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground. The General Secretary also profoundly pointed out that the interweaving of unhealthy tendencies and corruption is a prominent issue that must be addressed in the current construction of a clean and honest Party and the fight against corruption. Unhealthy tendencies and corruption are mutually reinforcing and share the same root. Unhealthy tendencies breed and conceal corruption, while corrupt practices fuel and exacerbate unhealthy tendencies, even giving rise to new work style problems. We must persist in the integration of rectifying work style, enforcing discipline, and combating corruption, severely punish intertwined problems of work style and corruption through “joint investigation,” and eradicate the common roots of work style and corruption through “joint governance,” deeply advancing the simultaneous investigation and governance of work style and corruption.

坚持正风肃纪反腐相贯通，这是习近平总书记对新时代加强党的作风建设有效途径进行的系统谋划。总书记指出：“立明规则，破潜规则，必须在党内形成弘扬正气的大气候。大气候不形成，小气候自然就会成气候。”抓作风是推进党的建设新的伟大工程的重要切入点和着力点，必须坚持从严治党，落实管党治党责任，把作风建设要求融入党的思想建设、组织建设、反腐倡廉建设、制度建设之中，全面提高党的建设工作水平。总书记指出，全面从严治党，必然要求依规治党与以德治党紧密结合。道德使人向善，是纪律的必要前提和基础；纪律用来惩恶，是道德的坚强后盾和保障。要扣紧“廉洁自律”这个主题，坚持正面倡导、重在立德，重申党的理想信念宗旨、优良传统作风，展现共产党人高尚道德追求的高标准。要围绕党纪戒尺要求，开列“负面清单”、重在立规，划出党组织和党员不可触碰的底线。要真正把纪律和规矩挺在前面，拿起纪律这把戒尺，既奔向高标准，以人格力量凝聚党心民心；又守住底线，严格执行党的纪律，决不越雷池一步。总书记强调，要深化运用监督执纪“四种形态”，特别是要在用好第一种形态上下功夫。坚持“老虎”、“苍蝇”一起打，坚持无禁区、全覆盖、零容忍，坚持重遏制、强高压、长震慑，强化不敢腐的震慑，扎牢不能腐的笼子，增强不想腐的自觉。要以正风肃纪反腐为重要抓手，把正风肃纪反腐结合起来一起抓，始终坚持严的基调、严的措施、严的氛围，以优良作风作引领，以严明纪律强保障，以反腐惩恶清障碍，推动党的自我革命环环相扣、层层递进，不断在革故鼎新、守正创新中实现自身跨越。总书记还深刻指出，不正之风和腐败问题相互交织，是现阶段党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争要着力解决的突出问题。不正之风和腐败问题互为表里、同根同源。不正之风滋生掩藏腐败，腐败行为助长加剧不正之风、甚至催生新的作风问题。要坚持正风肃纪反腐相贯通，以“同查”严惩风腐交织问题，以“同治”铲除风腐共性根源，深入推进风腐同查同治。

In recent years, discipline inspection and supervision commissions at all levels have focused on work style building in the window-service sector, tightened case investigation and handling, and corrected unhealthy tendencies and corruption. The picture shows disciplinary inspection and supervision cadres from Qingpu District, Shanghai, analyzing case leads in March 2025. Photo courtesy of the News and Communication Center of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection and the National Commission of Supervision.

近年来，各地纪委监委聚焦窗口服务领域作风建设，紧抓案件查办，纠治不正之风和腐败问题。图为2025年3月，上海市青浦区纪检监察干部在研判问题线索。 中央纪委国家监委新闻传播中心供图

Making the Party’s work style comprehensively pure, and using the fine Party style to drive social and popular customs upward and toward goodness — this is the clear practical orientation proposed by General Secretary Xi Jinping regarding the important objectives of strengthening the Party’s work style in the New Era. The General Secretary pointed out: “In grasping work style building, in the final analysis, we hope that cadres at all levels can establish and carry forward a fine work style, being strict in self-cultivation, strict in the use of power, and strict in self-discipline, while also being practical in planning affairs, practical in starting undertakings, and practical in conducting oneself.” [15]15 This is the “Three Stricts and Three Honests” (三严三实) requirement for Party cadres. We must extend from solving the problem of the “four forms of decadence” [16]16 The “four forms of decadence” (四风) are formalism, bureaucratism, hedonism, and extravagance. to strive to improve ideological style, work style, leadership style, and cadre lifestyle, strive to improve the style of study, writing, and meetings, strengthen efforts to address root causes, so that Party members and cadres not only dare not become tainted by unhealthy tendencies, but also cannot and do not want to become tainted, making the Party’s work style comprehensively pure. The General Secretary emphasized that we must persist in both correcting the “four forms of decadence” and fostering new practices, using the fine Party style to drive popular and social customs, and advocating the new trends of the times. The General Secretary proposed vigorously promoting the fine tradition of the Chinese nation of being diligent and thrifty. In leading social customs, understanding great virtue, upholding public virtue, and strictly observing private virtue, leading cadres at all levels should serve as banners and benchmarks, and all Party members should play a vanguard and exemplary role. Party members, cadres, especially leading cadres, must take the lead in practicing the core socialist values, emphasize Party spirit, value conduct, and set examples, take the lead in focusing on family, family education, and family traditions, maintain the noble character and clean integrity of Communists, and be good leaders, creators, and maintainers of a sound political ecosystem and social atmosphere, driving the whole society toward virtue, respect for the law, and law-abidingness through concrete actions.

使党的作风全面纯洁起来，以优良党风带动社风民风向上向善，这是习近平总书记对新时代加强党的作风建设重要目的提出的鲜明实践导向。总书记指出：“我们抓作风建设，归根到底，就是希望各级干部都能树立和发扬好的作风，既严以修身、严以用权、严以律己，又谋事要实、创业要实、做人要实。”要从解决“四风”问题延伸开去，努力改进思想作风、工作作风、领导作风、干部生活作风，努力改进学风、文风、会风，加强治本工作，使党员、干部不仅不敢沾染歪风邪气，而且不能、不想沾染歪风邪气，使党的作风全面纯洁起来。总书记强调，要坚持纠“四风”和树新风并举，以优良的党风带动民风社风，倡导时代新风。总书记提出，要大力弘扬中华民族勤俭节约的优秀传统。在引领社会风尚上，明大德、守公德、严私德，各级领导干部要当好旗帜和标杆，全体党员要发挥先锋模范作用。党员、干部尤其是领导干部要带头践行社会主义核心价值观，讲党性、重品行、作表率，带头注重家庭、家教、家风，保持共产党人的高尚品格和廉洁操守，当好良好政治生态和社会风气的引领者、营造者、维护者，以实际行动带动全社会崇德向善、尊法守法。

Promoting the normalization and long-term effectiveness of work style building — this is the fundamental requirement put forward by General Secretary Xi Jinping regarding the institutional guarantee for strengthening the Party’s work style in the New Era. The General Secretary pointed out that we must focus on solving problems through institutional mechanisms and enhance the execution of implementing institutional regulations. We must deepen reform, transform functions, and block the loopholes that breed unhealthy tendencies from the institutional mechanism, solidifying the achievements of work style building through reform measures. The General Secretary pointed out that Party committees must assume the main responsibility. Party committees at all levels, especially their principal responsible comrades, must establish the awareness that failing to grasp the construction of a clean and honest Party and the fight against corruption is a serious dereliction of duty, regularly study and deploy, grasp leadership and have leaders grasp, grasp specifics and grasp them specifically, and cultivate their own “responsibility fields.” [17]17 “Responsibility fields” (责任田) is a metaphor from the household contract responsibility system, meaning one’s own area of responsibility. Discipline inspection commissions at all levels must fulfill their supervisory responsibilities, both assisting Party committees in strengthening Party style building and organizing and coordinating anti-corruption work, and supervising and inspecting relevant departments in implementing tasks of punishing and preventing corruption, frequently conducting inspections and supervision, and seriously investigating and dealing with corruption. Whether it is the Party committee, the discipline inspection commission, or other relevant functional departments, they must sign off on the responsibilities for the construction of a clean and honest Party and the fight against corruption they undertake, ensuring accountability for their respective domains. The General Secretary also emphasized that we must encourage grassroots units to boldly explore and practice, striving to achieve innovative results that are conducive to fundamentally solving problems and forming long-term institutional mechanisms. We must adhere to the principle of being comprehensive in law and simple in practice, embody the spirit of reform and legal thinking, combine the central requirements, the expectations of the masses, actual needs, and fresh experiences, strive to form a complete and systematic institutional system, and ensure the standardization, normalization, and long-term effectiveness of improving work style through rigid institutional provisions and strict institutional execution, effectively preventing the rebound of the “four forms of decadence.” We must address both symptoms and root causes, implement comprehensive measures, and be meticulous and thorough, reaching every corner. We must improve the Party member management mechanism, perfect the mechanism for strictly managing and supervising cadres, improve the normalization mechanism for rectifying work style and enforcing discipline, and perfect the working mechanism for integrating the deterrence of not daring to be corrupt, the cage of not being able to be corrupt, and the consciousness of not wanting to be corrupt. We must use technological means to strengthen supervision and solve the problem of supervision in a “society of acquaintances.” [18]18 “Society of acquaintances” (熟人社会) refers to a social context where personal relationships impede formal supervision and rule enforcement. The General Secretary has carried out profound, in-depth, and penetrating thinking, design, and planning on the issue of institutional guarantees for strengthening the Party’s work style.

推进作风建设常态化长效化，这是习近平总书记对新时代加强党的作风建设制度保障提出的根本要求。总书记指出，要注重从制度机制上解决问题，增强贯彻落实制度的执行力。要深化改革、转变职能，从体制机制上堵塞滋生不正之风的漏洞，以改革的办法固化作风建设成果。总书记指出，要强调党委负主体责任。各级党委特别是主要负责同志必须树立不抓党风廉政建设就是严重失职的意识，常研究、常部署，抓领导、领导抓，抓具体、具体抓，种好自己的责任田。各级纪委要履行好监督责任，既协助党委加强党风建设和组织协调反腐败工作，又督促检查相关部门落实惩治和预防腐败工作任务，经常进行检查监督，严肃查处腐败问题。无论是党委还是纪委或其他相关职能部门，都要对承担的党风廉政建设责任进行签字背书，做到守土有责。总书记还强调，要鼓励基层大胆探索实践，努力取得有利于从根本上解决问题、形成长效化体制机制的创新成果。要本着于法周延、于事简便的原则，体现改革精神和法治思维，把中央要求、群众期盼、实际需要、新鲜经验结合起来，努力形成系统完备的制度体系，以刚性的制度规定和严格的制度执行，确保改进作风规范化、常态化、长效化，切实防止“四风”问题反弹。要标本兼治、综合施策，落细落小、到边到底。要改进党员管理机制，完善从严管理监督干部机制，健全正风肃纪常态化机制，完善一体推进不敢腐、不能腐、不想腐工作机制。要用科技手段加强监督，破解“熟人社会”监督难题。总书记对加强党的作风建设的制度保障问题，进行了深刻、深入、深邃的思考、设计和谋划。

Work style building is always on the way. In March 2025, during his inspection in Yunnan, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “The Party Central Committee has already deployed the launch of a study and education campaign on thoroughly implementing the spirit of the Eight-Point Regulations across the entire Party. Party organizations at all levels and all Party members and cadres must consciously enhance their sense of responsibility and urgency for this study and education, connect it with the overall situation and tasks of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, connect it with the specific practices of work style building in their own localities, departments, and units over the years, further thoroughly grasp the spirit of the Eight-Point Regulations and its implementation rules, understand the relevant disciplinary regulations, and lay a solid ideological and political foundation for identifying problems and conducting centralized rectification.” [19]19 The “study and education campaign on thoroughly implementing the spirit of the Eight-Point Regulations” is a Party-wide campaign launched in 2025 to reinforce discipline and work style. We must deeply study General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important expositions on strengthening the Party’s work style, solidly carry out this study and education campaign, promote fine work style, and demonstrate new responsibilities and new achievements on the new journey.

作风建设永远在路上。2025年3月，习近平总书记在云南考察时指出：“党中央已经部署在全党开展深入贯彻中央八项规定精神学习教育，各级党组织和广大党员、干部要自觉增强学习教育的责任感紧迫感，联系全面从严治党的形势任务，联系本地本部门本单位这些年抓作风建设的具体实践，进一步吃透中央八项规定及其实施细则精神，把握相关纪律处分条规，为查摆问题、集中整治打牢思想政治基础。”要深入学习习近平总书记关于加强党的作风建设的重要论述，扎实开展好这次学习教育，弘扬优良作风，在新征程上展现新担当新作为。

(Author: President of the Institute of Party History and Literature of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China)

（作者：中共中央党史和文献研究院院长）

Online Editor: Tongxin

网络编辑：同心